1
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Ding Y, Lambden E, Peate J, Picken LJ, Rees TW, Perez-Ortiz G, Newgas SA, Spicer LAR, Hicks T, Hess J, Ulmschneider MB, Müller MM, Barry SM. Rapid Peptide Cyclization Inspired by the Modular Logic of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16787-16801. [PMID: 38842580 PMCID: PMC11191687 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonribosomal cyclic peptides (NRcPs) are structurally complex natural products and a vital pool of therapeutics, particularly antibiotics. Their structural diversity arises from the ability of the multidomain enzyme assembly lines, nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), to utilize bespoke nonproteinogenic amino acids, modify the linear peptide during elongation, and catalyze an array of cyclization modes, e.g., head to tail, side chain to tail. The study and drug development of NRcPs are often limited by a lack of easy synthetic access to NRcPs and their analogues, with selective macrolactamization being a major bottleneck. Herein, we report a generally applicable chemical macrocyclization method of unprecedented speed and selectivity. Inspired by biosynthetic cyclization, it combines the deprotected linear biosynthetic precursor peptide sequence with a highly reactive C-terminus to produce NRcPs and analogues in minutes. The method was applied to several NRcPs of varying sequences, ring sizes, and cyclization modes including rufomycin, colistin, and gramicidin S with comparable success. We thus demonstrate that the linear order of modules in NRPS enzymes that determines peptide sequence encodes the key structural information to produce peptides conformationally biased toward macrocyclization. To fully exploit this conformational bias synthetically, a highly reactive C-terminal acyl azide is also required, alongside carefully balanced pH and solvent conditions. This allows for consistent, facile cyclization of exceptional speed, selectivity, and atom efficiency. This exciting macrolactamization method represents a new enabling technology for the biosynthetic study of NRcPs and their development as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Edward Lambden
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Jessica Peate
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Lewis J. Picken
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Thomas W. Rees
- The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
| | - Gustavo Perez-Ortiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Sophie A. Newgas
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Lucy A. R. Spicer
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Thomas Hicks
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Jeannine Hess
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
- The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
| | - Martin B. Ulmschneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Manuel M. Müller
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Sarah M. Barry
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
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2
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Duengo S, Muhajir MI, Hidayat AT, Musa WJA, Maharani R. Epimerisation in Peptide Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:8017. [PMID: 38138507 PMCID: PMC10745333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epimerisation is basically a chemical conversion that includes the transformation of an epimer into another epimer or its chiral partner. Epimerisation of amino acid is a side reaction that sometimes happens during peptide synthesis. It became the most avoided reaction because the process affects the overall conformation of the molecule, eventually even altering the bioactivity of the peptide. Epimerised products have a high similarity of physical characteristics, thus making it difficult for them to be purified. In regards to amino acids, epimerisation is very important in keeping the chirality of the assembled amino acids unchanged during the peptide synthesis and obtaining the desirable product without any problematic purification. In this review, we report several factors that induce epimerisation during peptide synthesis, including how to characterise and affect the bioactivities. To avoid undesirable epimerisation, we also describe several methods of suppressing the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Duengo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (S.D.); (M.I.M.); (A.T.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo 96128, North Sulawesi, Indonesia;
| | - Muhamad Imam Muhajir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (S.D.); (M.I.M.); (A.T.H.)
| | - Ace Tatang Hidayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (S.D.); (M.I.M.); (A.T.H.)
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Weny J. A. Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo 96128, North Sulawesi, Indonesia;
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (S.D.); (M.I.M.); (A.T.H.)
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceutical, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
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3
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Shao H, Adebomi V, Bruce A, Raj M, Houk KN. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Enables a Zwitterionic Mechanism for Macrocyclic Peptide Formation: Computational Mechanistic Studies of CyClick Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307210. [PMID: 37475575 PMCID: PMC10592271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides have become increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry. We present a detailed computational investigation of the reaction mechanism of the recently developed "CyClick" chemistry to selectively form imidazolidinone cyclic peptides from linear peptide aldehydes, without using catalysts or directing groups (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 19073-19080). We conducted computational mechanistic to investigate the effects of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHBs) in promoting a kinetically facile zwitterionic mechanism in "CyClick" of pentapeptide aldehyde AFGPA. Our DFT calculations highlighted the importance of IMHB in pre-organization of the resting state, stabilization of the zwitterion intermediate, and the control of the product stereoselectivity. Furthermore, we have also identified that the low ring strain energy promotes the "CyClick" of hexapeptide aldehyde AAGPFA to form a thermodynamically more stable 15+5 imidazolidinone cyclic peptide product. In contrast, large ring strain energy suppresses "CyClick" reactivity of tetra peptide aldehyde AFPA from forming the 9+5 imidazolidinone cyclic peptide product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Victor Adebomi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Angele Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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4
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Xiao D, Li W, Li T, Zhou J, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang L, Yue Q, Dun B, Wang C, Xu Y. Mass Spectrometry-Guided Discovery of Multi- N-Methylated Cyclodecapeptides Auyuittuqamides E-H from Sesquicillium sp. QL0466. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1240-1250. [PMID: 37145877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based dereplication and prioritization led to the discovery of four multi-N-methylated cyclodecapeptides, auyuittuqamides E-H (1-4), from a soil-derived Sesquicillium sp. The planar structures of these compounds were elucidated based on analysis of HRESIMS and NMR data. Absolute configurations of the chiral amino acid residues were assigned by a combination of the advanced Marfey's method, chiral-phase LC-MS analysis, and J-based configuration analysis, revealing that 1-4 contain both d- and l-isomers of N-methylleucine (MeLeu). Differentiation of d- and l-MeLeu in the sequence was achieved by advanced Marfey's analysis of the diagnostic peptide fragments generated from partial hydrolysis of 1. Bioinformatic analysis identified a putative biosynthetic gene cluster (auy) for auyuittuqamides E-H, and a plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed. These newly identified fungal cyclodecapeptides (1-4) displayed in vitro growth inhibitory activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with MIC values of 8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshuang Zhou
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), 7 Fengxian Central Road, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Chen
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), 7 Fengxian Central Road, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yue
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Dun
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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5
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Brazeau-Henrie JT, Paquette AR, O'Rourke AQ, Darnowski MG, Boddy CN. Total and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Seongsanamide E. Org Lett 2022; 24:6369-6373. [PMID: 36006794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total and chemoenzymatic synthesis of the depsipeptide natural product seongsanamide E, 3, is described. The synthetic C-terminal N-acetylcysteamine thioester of linear natural product 1 was macrolactonized by the excised recombinant purified seongsanamide thioesterase (Sgd-TE) domain, generating 3. Sgd-TE also effects the ring opening of 3. Chemical synthesis provided 3 through a macrolactamization strategy. This work confirms the biosynthesis of 3 and demonstrates the power of Sgd-TE as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Brazeau-Henrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - André R Paquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Allison Q O'Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael G Darnowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christopher N Boddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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6
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Just‐Baringo X, Yeste‐Vázquez A, Moreno‐Morales J, Ballesté‐Delpierre C, Vila J, Giralt E. Controlling Antibacterial Activity Exclusively with Visible Light: Introducing a Tetra-ortho-Chloro-Azobenzene Amino Acid. Chemistry 2021; 27:12987-12991. [PMID: 34227716 PMCID: PMC8518743 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a novel tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzene amino acid (CEBA) has enabled photoswitching of the antimicrobial activity of tyrocidine A analogues by using exclusively visible light, granting spatiotemporal control under benign conditions. Compounds bearing this photoswitchable amino acid become active upon irradiation with red light, but quickly turn-off upon exposure to other visible light wavelengths. Critically, sunlight quickly triggers isomerisation of the red light-activated compounds into their original trans form, offering an ideal platform for self-deactivation upon release into the environment. Linear analogues of tyrocidine A were found to provide the best photocontrol of their antimicrobial activity, leading to compounds active against Acinetobacter baumannii upon isomerisation. Exploration of their N- and C-termini has provided insights into key elements of their structure and has allowed obtaining new antimicrobials displaying excellent strain selectivity and photocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just‐Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
- Laboratori de Química OrgànicaFacultat de FarmàciaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandro Yeste‐Vázquez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Moreno‐Morales
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Hospital Clínic - Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Jordi Vila
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Hospital Clínic - Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology – CDBHospital Clínic - University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
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7
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Sun H, Chen D, Zhan S, Wu W, Xu H, Luo C, Su H, Feng Y, Shao W, Wan A, Zhou B, Wan G, Bu X. Design and Discovery of Natural Cyclopeptide Skeleton Based Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor as Immune Modulator for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11286-11301. [PMID: 32844651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 facilitates the rescue of immune escapes of tumor cells. Though various monoclonal antibodies have been approved for clinical therapy, the development of small molecular inhibitors lags behind antibodies partially owing to the challenges of protein-protein interaction (PPI) blocker design. In this work, we adopted the skeleton of natural cyclopeptidic antibiotics gramicidin S as the start point for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor exploring and discovered a series of novel cyclopeptides that could interfere with the PPI of PD-1/PD-L1 based on several rounds of structural design and optimization. The representative active cyclopeptide 66 can bind two PD-L1 and efficiently block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, recruit the immune cells to the tumor cells, enhance their killing against tumor cells by promoting the release of granzyme B and perforin, and display significant CD8+ T cell-dependent tumor suppression activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daoyuan Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangzhou 519041, China
| | - Siyue Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunxiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanqiao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiyan Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Arabella Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Binhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,School of Chinese Pharmacy, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Cameron AJ, Edwards PJB, Harjes E, Sarojini V. Tyrocidine A Analogues Bearing the Planar d-Phe-2-Abz Turn Motif: How Conformation Impacts Bioactivity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9565-9574. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Cameron
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J. B. Edwards
- Institute
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Elena Harjes
- Institute
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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9
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Lee MO, Jang HJ, Rengaraj D, Yang SY, Han JY, Lamont SJ, Womack JE. Tissue expression and antibacterial activity of host defense peptides in chicken. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:231. [PMID: 27737668 PMCID: PMC5064907 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Host defence peptides are a diverse group of small, cationic peptides and are important elements of the first line of defense against pathogens in animals. Expression and functional analysis of host defense peptides has been evaluated in chicken but there are no direct, comprehensive comparisons with all gene family and individual genes. Results We examined the expression patterns of all known cathelicidins, β-defensins and NK-lysin in multiple selected tissues from chickens. CATH1 through 3 were predominantly expressed in the bone marrow, whereas CATHB1 was predominant in bursa of Fabricius. The tissue specific pattern of β-defensins generally fell into two groups. β-defensin1-7 expression was predominantly in bone marrow, whereas β-defensin8-10 and β-defensin13 were highly expressed in liver. NK-lysin expression was highest in spleen. We synthesized peptide products of these gene families and analysed their antibacterial efficacy. Most of the host defense peptides showed antibacterial activity against E.coli with dose-dependent efficacy. β-defensin4 and CATH3 displayed the strongest antibacterial activity among all tested chicken HDPs. Microscopic analyses revealed the killing of bacterium by disrupting membranes with peptide treatment. Conclusions These results demonstrate dose-dependent antimicrobial effects of chicken HDPs mediated by membrane damage and demonstrate the differential tissue expression pattern of bioactive HDPs in chicken and the relative antimicrobial potency of the peptides they encode. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0866-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Yeong Yang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James E Womack
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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10
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Duttagupta I, Ghosh K, Sinha S. Synthetic Studies Toward Nonribosomal Peptides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63602-7.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Abbasi M, Khalifeh R. One-pot odourless synthesis of thioesters via in situ generation of thiobenzoic acids using benzoic anhydrides and thiourea. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1265-73. [PMID: 26425185 PMCID: PMC4578390 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and odourless procedure for a one-pot synthesis of thioesters by the reaction of benzoic anhydrides, thiourea and various organic halides (primary, allylic, and benzylic) or structurally diverse, electron-deficient alkenes (ketones, esters, and nitriles) in the presence of Et3N has been developed. In this method, thiobenzoic acids were in situ generated from the reaction of thiourea with benzoic anhydrides, which were subjected to conjugate addition with electron-deficient alkenes or a nucleophilic displacement reaction with alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abbasi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Reza Khalifeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Zou Y, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Wang L, Li W, Li X, Wu Q, Hu H. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:586-92. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Honggang Hu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 China
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13
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Joo SH. Cyclic peptides as therapeutic agents and biochemical tools. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:19-26. [PMID: 24116270 PMCID: PMC3792197 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities, such as antibacterial activity, immunosuppressive activity, and anti-tumor activity, and so on. Encouraged by natural cyclic peptides with biological activity, efforts have been made to develop cyclic peptides with both genetic and synthetic methods. The genetic methods include phage display, intein-based cyclic peptides, and mRNA display. The synthetic methods involve individual synthesis, parallel synthesis, as well as split-and-pool synthesis. Recent development of cyclic peptide library based on split-and-pool synthesis allows on-bead screening, in-solution screening, and microarray screening of cyclic peptides for biological activity. Cyclic peptides will be useful as receptor agonist/antagonist, RNA binding molecule, enzyme inhibitor and so on, and more cyclic peptides will emerge as therapeutic agents and biochemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Joo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Republic of Korea
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14
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Loll PJ, Upton EC, Nahoum V, Economou NJ, Cocklin S. The high resolution structure of tyrocidine A reveals an amphipathic dimer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1199-207. [PMID: 24530898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrocidine A, one of the first antibiotics ever to be discovered, is a cyclic decapeptide that binds to membranes of target bacteria, disrupting their integrity. It is active against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive organisms, and has recently engendered interest as a potential scaffold for the development of new drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We present here the X-ray crystal structure of tyrocidine A at a resolution of 0.95Å. The structure reveals that tyrocidine forms an intimate and highly amphipathic homodimer made up of four beta strands that associate into a single, highly curved antiparallel beta sheet. We used surface plasmon resonance and potassium efflux assays to demonstrate that tyrocidine binds tightly to mimetics of bacterial membranes with an apparent dissociation constant (K(D)) of 10 μM, and efficiently permeabilizes bacterial cells at concentrations equal to and below the K(D). Using variant forms of tyrocidine in which the fluorescent probe p-cyano-phenylalanine had been inserted on either the polar or apolar face of the molecule, we performed fluorescence quenching experiments, using both water-soluble and membrane-embedded quenchers. The quenching results, together with the structure, strongly support a membrane association model in which the convex, apolar face of tyrocidine's beta sheet is oriented toward the membrane interior, while the concave, polar face is presented to the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Loll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Upton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Virginie Nahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Nicoleta J Economou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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15
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Rahnamaeian M. Antimicrobial peptides: modes of mechanism, modulation of defense responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1325-32. [PMID: 21847025 PMCID: PMC3258061 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.9.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Complicated schemes of classical breeding and their drawbacks, environmental risks imposed by agrochemicals, decrease of arable land, and coincident escalating damages of pests and pathogens have accentuated the necessity for highly efficient measures to improve crop protection. During co-evolution of host-microbe interactions, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have exhibited a brilliant history in protecting host organisms against devastation by invading pathogens. Since the 1980s, a plethora of AMPs has been isolated from and characterized in different organisms. Nevertheless the AMPs expressed in plants render them more resistant to diverse pathogens, a more orchestrated approach based on knowledge of their mechanisms of action and cellular targets, structural toxic principle, and possible impact on immune system of corresponding transgenic plants will considerably improve crop protection strategies against harmful plant diseases. This review outlines the current knowledge on different modes of action of AMPs and then argues the waves of AMPs’ ectopic expression on transgenic plants’ immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahnamaeian
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
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16
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17
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Li Y, Yongye A, Giulianotti M, Martinez-Mayorga K, Yu Y, Houghten RA. Synthesis of cyclic peptides through direct aminolysis of peptide thioesters catalyzed by imidazole in aqueous organic solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:1066-72. [PMID: 19894764 DOI: 10.1021/cc900100z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A promising method for the synthesis of cyclic peptides through the direct aminolysis of peptide thioesters is presented. The cyclization step was carried out in a mixture of acetonitrile and 1.5 M aqueous imidazole solution with no observable oligomers. Studies on the N- and C-terminal residues show that the choice of C-terminal residue has a more significant effect on the success rate of cyclization than the choice at the N-terminal residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
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18
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Xu C, Qin C, Zhang R, Niu W, Shang X. Solid-phase synthesis and antibiotic activities of cyclodecapeptides on the scaffold of naturally occurring Laterocidin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:164-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Gopinath P, Vidyarini RS, Chandrasekaran S. Synthesis of Thioesters by Simultaneous Activation of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols Using PPh3/NBS with Benzyltriethylammonium Tetrathiomolybdate as the Sulfur Transfer Reagent. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Enck S, Kopp F, Marahiel MA, Geyer A. The reversible macrocyclization of Tyrocidine A aldehyde: a hemiaminal reminiscent of the tetrahedral intermediate of macrolactamization. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:559-63. [PMID: 20090972 DOI: 10.1039/b917549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the important role of peptide macrocyclizations for the generation of conformationally constrained biological ligands, our knowledge of factors that determine the inclination of a substrate to cyclize is low. Therefore, methods that give access to the thermodynamic characterization of these processes are desirable. In this work, we present the isosteric substitution of the amide ligation site of a cyclopeptide by an imine. Applied to the decapeptide antibiotic Tyrocidine A (TycA), the reversible cyclization of the linear aldehyde TycA-CHO resulted in the unexpectedly stable hemiaminal Psi[CH(OH)NH]-TycA, which is equivalent to the tetrahedral intermediate of macrolactamization, and which is observed for the first time in a peptidic structure. On the basis of NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling, we discuss the observed high stereoselectivity of hemiaminal formation, as well as its reluctance to be dehydrated to the imine. As required for thermodynamic analysis, it is possible to establish a pH- and temperature-dependent cyclization equilibrium, which allows determination of the entropy loss of the peptide chain, and quantification of the extent of preorientation of the cyclization precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Enck
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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21
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Burck S, van Assema SG, Lastdrager B, Slootweg JC, Ehlers A, Otero J, Dacunha-Marinho B, Llamas-Saiz A, Overhand M, van Raaij M, Lammertsma K. Bisphosphine-Functionalized Cyclic Decapeptides Based on the Natural Product Gramicidin S: A Potential Scaffold for Transition-Metal Coordination. Chemistry 2009; 15:8134-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Hu H, Xue J, Swarts BM, Wang Q, Wu Q, Guo Z. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of N-Glycosylated Derivatives of Tyrocidine A, a Macrocyclic Peptide Antibiotic. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2052-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801577r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Benjamin M. Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Alfonso I, Bolte M, Bru M, Burguete M, Luis S. Designed Folding of Pseudopeptides: The Transformation of a Configurationally Driven Preorganization into a Stereoselective Multicomponent Macrocyclization Reaction. Chemistry 2008; 14:8879-8891. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Bulger PG, Bagal SK, Marquez R. Recent advances in biomimetic natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:254-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b705909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Ding Y, Qin C, Guo Z, Niu W, Zhang R, Li Y. Solid-Phase Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Loloatins A–D. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:2827-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Marques MA, Citron DM, Wang CC. Development of Tyrocidine A analogues with improved antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6667-77. [PMID: 17728134 PMCID: PMC2706120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antibacterial therapeutic agents capable of halting microbial resistance is a chief pursuit in clinical medicine. Classes of antibiotics that target and destroy bacterial membranes are attractive due to the decreased likelihood that bacteria will be able to generate resistance to this mechanism. The amphipathic cyclic decapeptide, Tyrocidine A, is a model for this class of antibiotics. Tyrocidine A is composed of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic face, allowing for insertion into bacterial membranes, creating porous channels and destroying membrane integrity. We have used a combination of molecular modeling and solid phase synthesis to prepare Tyrocidine A and analogues 1-8. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these compounds were determined for a host of gram positive species and E. coli as a representative gram negative bacterium. Analogues 2 and 5 demonstrated moderate 2- to 8-fold increases in antibacterial activity over the parent Tyrocidine A for a variety of pathogenic microbes (best MICs for E. coli 32 microg/mL and 2 microg/mL for most gram positives). Examination of the structure- activity relationship between the analogues demonstrated a preference for increased amphipathicity but did not show a clear preference for increasing hydrophilicity versus hydrophobicity in improving antibacterial activity. Of note, movement of positively charged lysine residues or neutral pentafluorophenyl residues to different positions within the cyclopeptide ring system demonstrated improvements in antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles California 90089
| | - Diane M. Citron
- Microbial Research Lab, Los Angeles County, University of Southern California Medical Center, 1801 East Marengo Street 2G-24, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Clay C. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles California 90089
- Corresponding Author: Clay C. Wang, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, Phone: (323) 442-1670, Fax: (323) 442-1365,
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27
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a significant public health concern. Antibiotics that belong to new structural classes and manifest their biological activity via novel mechanisms are urgently needed. Lysobactin, a depsipeptide antibiotic has displayed very strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as well as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.39 to 0.78 microg/mL. The MIC values against VRE were more than 50-fold lower than those reported for vancomycin itself. Lysobactin was found to inhibit nascent peptidoglycan formation; however, this activity was not antagonized in the presence of N-acyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, the binding domain on the cell wall precursors that is utilized by vancomycin. Thus, lysobactin represents a promising agent for the treatment bacterial infections due to resistant pathogens. We describe a convergent synthesis of lysobactin that relies upon a highly efficient macrocyclization reaction to assemble the 28-membered cyclic depsipeptide. This synthesis provides the foundation for further study of the mode of action utilized by lysobactin and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikomari Guzman-Martinez
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ryan Lamer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael S. VanNieuwenhze
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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28
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Tamaki M, Honda K, Kikuchi S, Ishii R. Biomimetic formation of gramicidin S by dimerization–cyclization of pentapeptide precursor on solid support. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Li WF, Ma GX, Zhou XX. Apidaecin-type peptides: biodiversity, structure-function relationships and mode of action. Peptides 2006; 27:2350-9. [PMID: 16675061 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apidaecins (apidaecin-type peptides) refer to a series of small, proline-rich (Pro-rich), 18- to 20-residue peptides produced by insects. They are the largest group of Pro-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) known to date. Structurally, apidaecins consist of two regions, the conserved (constant) region, responsible for the general antibacterial capacity, and the variable region, responsible for the antibacterial spectrum. The small, gene-encoded and unmodified apidaecins are predominantly active against many gram-negative bacteria by special antibacterial mechanisms. The mechanism of action by which apidaecins kill bacteria involves an initial non-specific binding of the peptides to an outer membrane (OM) component. This binding is followed by invasion of the periplasmic space, and by a specific and essentially irreversible combination with a receptor/docking molecule that may be a component of a permease-type transporter system on inner membrane (IM). In the final step, the peptide is translocated into the interior of the cell where it meets its ultimate target. Evidence that apidaecins are non-toxic for human and animal cells is a prerequisite for using them as novel antibiotic drugs. This review presents the biodiversity, structure-function relationships, and mechanism of action of apidaecins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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30
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Tamaki M, Ishii R, Kikuchi S, Watanabe E. A novel active analogue of gramicidin S with smaller ring size. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:293-5. [PMID: 15981419 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel active gramicidin S analogue with smaller ring size, cyclo[-delta-Orn(-Val-Pro-D-Phe-H)-Leu-]2, was synthesized and examined the structure-activity relationship. Its analogue showed antibiotic activity against all Gram-positive microorganisms tested, and its activity was 1/2-1/8 of that of gramicidin S. The present results indicated that both structures of cyclo(-delta-Orn-Leu-)2 and H-D-Phe-Pro-Val sequence play the important role for showing the antibiotic activity.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Blankenstein
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: +33‐1‐69‐07‐72‐47
- Current address: Sanofi‐Aventis, Sanofi‐Synthelabo Recherche, Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91835 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: +33‐1‐69‐07‐72‐47
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32
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Sieber SA, Marahiel MA. Molecular mechanisms underlying nonribosomal peptide synthesis: approaches to new antibiotics. Chem Rev 2005; 105:715-38. [PMID: 15700962 DOI: 10.1021/cr0301191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Sieber
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie/Biochemie, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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33
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34
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Nambu H, Hata K, Matsugi M, Kita Y. Efficient Synthesis of Thioesters and Amides from Aldehydes by Using an Intermolecular Radical Reaction in Water. Chemistry 2005; 11:719-27. [PMID: 15580646 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the water-soluble radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044) and the surfactant, cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), was found to be the most suitable condition for the effective and direct synthesis of useful active thioesters (pentafluorophenyl thioesters) in water. In addition, the direct amidation of aldehydes was achieved by the addition of the amines to the thioesterification reaction mixture in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Nambu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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35
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Sieber SA, Marahiel MA. Learning from nature's drug factories: nonribosomal synthesis of macrocyclic peptides. J Bacteriol 2004; 185:7036-43. [PMID: 14645262 PMCID: PMC296262 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.24.7036-7043.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Sieber
- Fachbereich Chemie/Biochemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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36
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Qin C, Zhong X, Ng NL, Bu X, Chan WS, Guo Z. Facile solid-phase synthesis of cyclic decapeptide antibiotic streptocidins A–D. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Qin C, Bu X, Wu X, Guo Z. A chemical approach to generate molecular diversity based on the scaffold of cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine A. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:353-5. [PMID: 12857101 DOI: 10.1021/cc0300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanguang Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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38
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de Visser PC, Kriek NMAJ, van Hooft PAV, Van Schepdael A, Filippov DV, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, van Boom JH, Noort D. Solid-phase synthesis of polymyxin B1 and analogues via a safety-catch approach. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2003; 61:298-306. [PMID: 12753377 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program towards the development of novel antibiotics, a convenient method for solid-phase synthesis of the cyclic cationic peptide polymyxin B1 and analogues thereof is described. The methodology, based on cleavage-by-cyclization using Kenner's safety-catch linker, yields crude products with purities ranging from 37-67%. Antibacterial assays revealed that analogues 23-26, in which the (S)-6-methyloctanoic acid moiety is replaced with shorter acyl chains, exhibit distinct antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that the length of the acyl chain is rather critical for antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, substitution of the hydrophobic ring-segment D-Phe-6/Leu-7 in polymyxin B1 with dipeptide mimics (i.e. analogues 27-33) resulted in almost complete loss of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C de Visser
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9402, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Wu X, Bu X, Wong KM, Yan W, Guo Z. Biomimetic synthesis of gramicidin s and analogues by enzymatic cyclization of linear precursors on solid support. Org Lett 2003; 5:1749-52. [PMID: 12735768 DOI: 10.1021/ol034437y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Gramicidin S is a potent decapeptide antibiotic with high hemolytic activity but is unlikely to provoke microbial resistance. Here we demonstrate that gramicidin thioesterase (GrsB TE) correctly cyclizes immobilized linear decapeptide precursors into head-to-tail products, indicating its suitability for parallel solid-phase synthesis of gramicidin analogues from linear precursors on solid support. This chemoenzymatic method will enable the optimization of the therapeutic index of the natural product to fight microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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40
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