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Díaz-Vázquez ED, Cuellar MA, Heredia MD, Barolo SM, González-Bakker A, Padrón JM, Budén ME, Martín SE, Uberman PM. Palladium nanoparticles for the synthesis of phenanthridinones and benzo[ c]chromenes via C-H activation reaction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18703-18715. [PMID: 38863826 PMCID: PMC11166021 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present work, derivatives of phenanthridine-6(5H)-ones and benzo[c]chromenes were efficiently prepared through an intramolecular C-H bond functionalization reaction catalyzed by photochemically synthesized Pd-PVP nanoparticles. The heterocycles were obtained via intramolecular arylation of the corresponding N-methyl-N-aryl-2-halobenzamide or aryl-(2-halo)benzyl ethers using K2CO3 as base in a mixture of H2O : DMA as solvent without additives or ligands. High yields of the heterocyclic compounds were achieved (up to 95%) using a moderately low catalyst loading (1-5 mol%) under an air atmosphere at 100 °C. The reaction exhibited very good tolerance to diverse functional groups (OMe, Me, t Bu, Ph, OCF3, CF3, F, Cl, -CN, Naph), and both bromine and iodine substrates showed great reactivity. Finally, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of phenanthridine-6(5H)-ones and benzo[c]chromenes was evaluated against six human solid tumor cell lines. The more active compounds exhibit activity in the low micromolar range. 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene was identified as the best compound with promising values of activity (GI50 range 3.9-8.6 μM). Thus, the benzochromene core was highlighted as a novel organic building block to prepare potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D Díaz-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Micaela A Cuellar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Micaela D Heredia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvia M Barolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Aday González-Bakker
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 E-38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 E-38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - María E Budén
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Sandra E Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Paula M Uberman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba-INFIQC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
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2
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Boquet V, Sauber C, Beltran R, Ferey V, Rodier F, Hansjacob P, Theunissen C, Evano G. Copper-Catalyzed Coupling between ortho-Haloanilines and Lactams/Amides: Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Telmisartan. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5469-5479. [PMID: 38565075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of (annelated) benzimidazoles is reported. This transformation is based on a simple and straightforward one-pot sequence involving a copper-catalyzed cross coupling between o-haloanilines and lactams/amides followed by a subsequent cyclization under acidic conditions. A variety of (annelated) benzimidazoles could be easily obtained in high yields from readily available starting materials, and this procedure could be further applied to the synthesis of the antihypertensive blockbuster drug telmisartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Boquet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Sauber
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fabien Rodier
- Sanofi, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France
| | - Pierre Hansjacob
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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3
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Long L, Li X, Tu M, Zhang Y, Qiao L, Luo W, Chen Z. Hypervalent iodine( iii) promoted C–H/C–H amination/annulation tandem reactions: synthesis of benzimidazoles from simple anilines and aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel hypervalent iodine mediated cascade transformation of anilines and aldehydes to benzimidazoles was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Long
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Mengshi Tu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yekun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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4
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Recyclable Cu(I)-catalyzed cascade cyclization between o-haloanilides and primary amines towards 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Bie F, Yao Y, Cao H, Shi Y, Yan P, Ma J, Han Y, Liu X. Convenient synthesis of N-1-alkyl benzimidazoles via Pd catalyzed C–N bond formation and cyclization. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1939056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Bie
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yao
- Zaozhuang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yan
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
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6
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Shaik B, Seelam M, Tamminana R, Kammela PR. Iodine-Mediated Multi-Component Reactions: Readily Access to Tetrazoles and Guanidines. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200728212116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally benign syntheses of One-pot sequential reactions of benzoyl chloride with
amines followed by the treatment of molecular I2 reagent under basic conditions provide benzoyl
tetrazoles and guanidines in moderate to excellent yields. This one-pot synthesis has several
advantages such as mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, convenient workup, high yields, using
cheap and readily available reagent molecular Iodine. In addition, functional group tolerance has been
explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajivali Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Gudlavalleru Engineering College (Autonomous), Gudlavalleru-521 356, India
| | - Mohan Seelam
- Department of Chemistry, Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous), Bapatla-522 10, India
| | - Ramana Tamminana
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus, NH-207, Doddaballapur Taluk, Bengaluru Rural District, Karnataka-561203, India
| | - Prasad Rao Kammela
- Department of Chemistry, Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous), Bapatla-522 10, India
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7
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Xu Q, Feng B, Ye C, Fu Y, Chen DL, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhu W. Atomically Dispersed Vanadium Sites Anchored on N-Doped Porous Carbon for the Efficient Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15168-15177. [PMID: 33760597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts effectively integrate the respective advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and are a pioneering research frontier in catalysis by virtue of their maximized utility of metal atoms and distinct atomic configuration. However, development of such catalysts is still in the early stages. Herein, atomically dispersed vanadium (V) sites that are coordinated by N atoms and inlaid within N-incorporated porous carbon networks were prepared through a top-down strategy by annealing a V-containing metal-organic framework, NH2-MIL-101(V), followed by acid etching. The resulting V-N-C-600 catalyst exhibits unexpected catalytic reactivity, selectivity, and robust stability for the direct aerobic oxidation of benzylamine to generate N-benzylidene benzylamine with molecular oxygen under mild conditions. The turnover frequency reaches 53.9 h-1, which is much superior to those achieved over the commercial V2O5 and state-of-the-art non-noble metal heterogeneous catalysts reported in the literature. Kinetic analysis reveals a low activation energy barrier (37 kJ mol-1) for the benzylamine oxidation and indicates that a carbocationic intermediate is involved in the reaction mechanism. The synergistic effect between the isolated V single-atomic sites and N-doped hierarchically porous carbon network boosts the performance of V-N-C-600. Moreover, V-N-C-600 exhibits a wide generality for the efficient synthesis of a set of symmetrical imines, unsymmetrical imines, and imine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghe Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Gold Catalysis Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang Z, Chang W. Progress in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cyclization of Carbodiimides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Li Y, Huang S, Li J, Li J, Ji X, Liu J, Chen L, Peng S, Zhang K. Access to 2-pyridinylamide and imidazopyridine from 2-fluoropyridine and amidine hydrochloride. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9292-9299. [PMID: 33164006 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under catalyst-free conditions, an efficient method to synthesize 2-pyridinylamides has been developed, and the protocol uses inexpensive and readily available 2-fluoropyridine and amidine derivatives as the starting materials. Simultaneously, the copper-catalysed approach to imidazopyridine derivatives has been established with high chemoselectivity and regiospecificity. The results suggest that the nitrogen-heterocycles containing iodide substituents can also be compatible for the reaction via the cascade Ullmann-type coupling, and the nucleophilic substitution reaction provides the target products in a one-pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Shuo Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ji
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Jiasheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
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10
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Nano indium oxide-catalyzed domino reaction for the synthesis of N-alkoxylated benzimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Boddapati SNM, Tamminana R, Gollapudi RK, Nurbasha S, Assal ME, Alduhaish O, Siddiqui MRH, Bollikolla HB, Adil SF. Copper-Promoted One-Pot Approach: Synthesis of Benzimidazoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081788. [PMID: 32295143 PMCID: PMC7221555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile, one-pot, and proficient method was developed for the production of various 2-arylaminobenzimidazoles. This methodology is based for the first time on a copper catalyst promoted domino C-N cross-coupling reaction for the generation of 2-arylaminobenzimidazoles. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the synthetic pathway involves a copper-based desulphurization/nucleophilic substitution and a subsequent domino intra and intermolecular C-N cross-coupling reactions. Some of the issues typically encountered during the synthesis of 2-arylaminobezimidazoles, including the use of expensive catalytic systems and the low reactivity of bromo precursors, were addressed using this newly developed copper-catalyzed method. The reaction procedure is simple, generally with excellent substrate tolerance, and provides good to high yields of the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Murthy Boddapati
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhar Pradesh 522510, India; (S.N.M.B.); (R.K.G.); (S.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sir C. R. Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh 534002, India
| | - Ramana Tamminana
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Bengaluru Campus, Karnataka 562163, India;
| | - Ravi Kumar Gollapudi
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhar Pradesh 522510, India; (S.N.M.B.); (R.K.G.); (S.N.)
| | - Sharmila Nurbasha
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhar Pradesh 522510, India; (S.N.M.B.); (R.K.G.); (S.N.)
| | - Mohamed E. Assal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.R.H.S.)
| | - Osamah Alduhaish
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.R.H.S.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (H.B.B.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed Rafiq H. Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.R.H.S.)
| | - Hari Babu Bollikolla
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhar Pradesh 522510, India; (S.N.M.B.); (R.K.G.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (H.B.B.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.R.H.S.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (H.B.B.); (S.F.A.)
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12
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Cruz A, Martínez IIP, Ramos-Organillo AA. Methods to Access 2-aminobenzimidazoles of Medicinal Importance. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191023150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Benzimidazole (BI) and derivatives are interesting because several of these compounds have been found to have a diversity of biological activities with clinical applications. In view of their importance, the synthesis of BI and its derivatives is still considered as a challenge for synthetic chemists. Examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI, as important nucleus, are Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative) and Rabendazole (fungicide), some of these compounds have the 2- aminobenzimidazole (2ABI) as base nucleus. The structure of 2ABI derivatives contains a cyclic guanidine moiety, which is interesting because of its free lone pairs, labile hydrogen atoms and planar delocalized structure. The delocalized 10-π electron system and the extension of the electron conjugation with the exocyclic amino group, in 2ABI, making these heterocycles to have amphoteric character. The 2ABI has been used as building blocks for the synthesis of several BI derivatives as medicinally important molecules. On these bases, herein, we present a bibliographic review concerning the recent methodologies used in the synthesis of 2ABIs, including the substituted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, México, D. F, 07340, Mexico
| | - Itzia I. Padilla Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, México, D. F, 07340, Mexico
| | - Angel A. Ramos-Organillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carr. Colima- Coquimatlán, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
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Sang W, Gavi AJ, Yu BY, Cheng H, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Lommens P, Chen C, Verpoort F. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Free C-N Coupling Reactions: Selective Diheteroarylation of Amines with 2-Halobenzimidazoles. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:129-135. [PMID: 31762212 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2-Aminobenzimidazoles are widely present in a number of bioactive molecules. Generally, the preparation of these molecules could be realized by the mono-substitution of 2-halobenzimidazoles with amines. However, rare examples were reported for the di-substituted products and the selectivity of mono- vs. di-substitution was relatively low. Considering the potential values of the di-substituted products, we accomplished the first selective diheteroarylation of amines with 2-halobenzimidazoles. Notably, this Pd-catalyzed transformation was realized under ligand-free conditions. Accordingly, numerous target products were efficiently produced from various aromatic or aliphatic amines and 2-halobenzimidazoles. It was worth noting that two representative products were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. More significantly, this catalytic process could be applied to the synthesis and discovery of new bioactive compounds, which demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this newly developed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ayao Jean Gavi
- Odisee/KU Leuven Technology Campus, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bao-Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beinong Road 7, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, 441053, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Petra Lommens
- Odisee/KU Leuven Technology Campus, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.,Ghent University Global Campus, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 21985, Korea
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14
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Shi Y, Zhou Q, Du F, Fu Y, Du Y, Fang T, Chen G. Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular C N and C O/S cross-coupling reactions: Preparation of benzoazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Annareddygari S, Kasireddy VR, Reddy J. Transition‐metal‐free
N
‐arylation: A general approach to aza‐fused poly‐heteroaromatics. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Annareddygari
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological UniversityCollege of Engineering Hyderabad 500085 India
- Department of Research and DevelopmentDr. JCR BIO‐SCEIENCES PRIVATE LIMITED Plot NO‐79/80, Chengicherla Village, Cherlapalli Phase III Industrial Park Hyderabad 500039 India
| | - Venkateshwer Reddy Kasireddy
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological UniversityCollege of Engineering Hyderabad 500085 India
- Department of Chemistry, CMR Engineering CollegeJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad 501401 India
| | - Jayachandra Reddy
- Department of Research and DevelopmentDr. JCR BIO‐SCEIENCES PRIVATE LIMITED Plot NO‐79/80, Chengicherla Village, Cherlapalli Phase III Industrial Park Hyderabad 500039 India
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16
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Clark PR, Williams GD, Tomkinson NCO. Copper-catalysed C-H functionalisation gives access to 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7943-7955. [PMID: 31429459 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development, optimisation and exemplification of a copper-catalysed C-H functionalisation to form pharmaceutically relevant 2-aminobenzimidazoles from aryl-guanidines. High throughput screening was used as a tool to identify a catalytically active copper source, DoE was used for reaction optimisation and a range of aryl-guanidines were prepared and exposed to the optimum conditions to afford a range of 2-aminobenzimidazoles in moderate to good yields. The methodology has been applied to the synthesis of Emedastine, a marketed anti-histamine pharmaceutical compound, with the key cyclisation step performed on a gram-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Clark
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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17
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Rodrigues R, Tran LQ, Darses B, Dauban P, Neuville L. Copper‐Promoted Tandem Three‐Component Access to Quinazolin‐4(H)‐imines and Benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rodrigues
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Lam Quang Tran
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Université Grenoble AlpesDépartement de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR-5250 38058 Grenoble France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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18
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Mishra N, Singh AS, Agrahari AK, Singh SK, Singh M, Tiwari VK. Synthesis of Benz-Fused Azoles via C-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Cu(I) in the Presence of Glycosyltriazole Ligands. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:389-399. [PMID: 30943366 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl triazoles are conveniently accessible and contain multiple metal-binding units that may assist in metal-mediated catalysis. Azide derivatives of d-glucose have been converted to their respective aryltriazoles and screened as ligands for the synthesis of 2-substituted benz-fused azoles and benzimidazoquinazolinones by Cu-catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann type C-heteroatom coupling. Good to excellent yields for a variety of benz-fused heterocyles were obtained for this readily accessible catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Anoop S. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Anand K. Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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19
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Mirza B, Mirzazadeh R, Zeeb M. A New and Efficient Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzothiazoles Derivatives from O-nitroaniline. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13848836801606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Mirza
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Zeeb
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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20
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21
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Sutapin C, Chirachanchai S. Cyclization of aromatic aldehydes and phenylenediamines under reduced pressure: A convenient, environmentally friendly, and simple procedure for benzimidazole precursors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1390684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choltirosn Sutapin
- Nanoscience and Technology (International Program), Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwabun Chirachanchai
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Ojha NK, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, Santra S. Copper nanoparticles as inexpensive and efficient catalyst: A valuable contribution in organic synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Sriram R, Sapthagiri R, Ilavarasan L, Ravi A. Retracted
: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Trifluoro Substituted 2-Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives via
Iodoacetic Acid Mediated One-pot Condensation. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sriram
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Sapthagiri
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - L. Ilavarasan
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Ravi
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
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24
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Xu W, Zeng MT, Liu M, Liu X, Chang CZ, Zhu H, Dong ZB. Metal-free or transition-metal-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles. J Sulphur Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2017.1337771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Tian Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Zhu Chang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Xia J, Yang X, Li Y, Li X. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via C-H Activation and Amidation of Aniline Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:3243-3246. [PMID: 28570081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ir(III)-catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles has been realized under redox-neutral conditions by annulation of aniline derivatives with dioxazolones. The reaction proceeded via a C-H activation-amidation-cyclization pathway with a decent substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xia
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xifa Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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26
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Peringer F, do Nascimento JER, Abib PB, Barcellos T, Van der Eycken EV, Perin G, Jacob RG, Alves D. Copper-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: Synthesis of Fused 1,2,3-Triazolo-1,3,6-triazonines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Peringer
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | | | - Paola B. Abib
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products; Universidade de Caxias do Sul; Caxias do Sul RS Brazil
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC); Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street 117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
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27
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do Nascimento JER, Gonçalves LC, Hooyberghs G, Van der Eycken EV, Alves D, Lenardão EJ, Perin G, Jacob RG. Synthesis of fused 1,2,3-triazolo-1,3,6-triazonines through copper-catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann cross-coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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28
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Youn SW, Lee EM. Metal-Free One-Pot Synthesis of N,N′-Diarylamidines and N-Arylbenzimidazoles from Arenediazonium Salts, Nitriles, and Free Anilines. Org Lett 2016; 18:5728-5731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions
in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Material
Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Center for New Directions
in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Material
Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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29
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Abstract
![]()
Pd-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds
have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives,
an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key
factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued
development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under
operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides
an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic
and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples
of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based
coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis
of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products,
organic materials, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz-Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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Gazzola S, Beccalli EM, Bernasconi A, Borelli T, Broggini G, Mazza A. Palladium-Catalysed Carbo- and Hydroamination of Allenyl Ethers and Aminoallenes: Available Entry to Nitrogen-Containing Benzo-Fused Rings. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alice Bernasconi
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Tea Borelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alberto Mazza
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
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31
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Chanda PB, Boyle KE, Brody DM, Shukla V, Boger DL. Synthesis and evaluation of duocarmycin SA analogs incorporating the methyl 1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]imidazolo[4,5-e]indol-4-one-6-carboxylate (CImI) alkylation subunit. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4779-4786. [PMID: 27221071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and evaluation of methyl 1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]imidazolo[4,5-e]indol-4-one-6-carboxylate (CImI) derivatives are detailed representing analogs of duocarmycin SA and yatakemycin containing an imidazole replacement for the fused pyrrole found in the DNA alkylation subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem B Chanda
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristopher E Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel M Brody
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vyom Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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32
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Kumar KA, Kannaboina P, Rao DN, Das P. Nickel-catalyzed Chan–Lam cross-coupling: chemoselective N-arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8989-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A complementary set of Ni- and Cu-based catalyst systems for the chemoselective N-arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Anil Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - D. Nageswar Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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33
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Payra S, Saha A, Guchhait S, Banerjee S. Direct CuO nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of poly-substituted furans via oxidative C–H/C–H functionalization in aqueous medium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we have reported CuO nanoparticles catalyzed synthesis of poly-functionalized furan derivatives via direct functionalization of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds through conjugate addition initiated domino reactions in aqueous ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Payra
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur-495009
- India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur-495009
- India
| | - Sandip Guchhait
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur-495009
- India
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34
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Daswani U, Dubey N, Sharma P, Kumar A. A new NBS/oxone promoted one pot cascade synthesis of 2-aminobenzimidazoles/2-aminobenzoxazoles: a facile approach. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00478d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and transition metal free synthesis of 2-aminobenzazoles using readily available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujla Daswani
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Devi Ahilya University
- Takshashila Campus
- Indore - 452001
- India
| | - Nitin Dubey
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Devi Ahilya University
- Takshashila Campus
- Indore - 452001
- India
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Devi Ahilya University
- Takshashila Campus
- Indore - 452001
- India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Devi Ahilya University
- Takshashila Campus
- Indore - 452001
- India
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35
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Ghorai A, Mondal J, Patra GK. Photoluminescent mixed ligand complexes of CuX (X=Cl, Br, I) with PPh3 and a polydentate imino-pyridyl ligand – Syntheses, structural variations and catalytic property. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Ghorai MK, Shahi CK, Bhattacharyya A, Sayyad M, Mal A, Wani IA, Chauhan N. Syntheses of Tetrahydrobenzodiazepines via SN2-Type Ring-Opening of Activated Aziridines with 2-Bromobenzylamine Followed by Copper-Powder-Mediated C−N Bond Formation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Chandan Kumar Shahi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Masthanvali Sayyad
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Abhijit Mal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Navya Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
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37
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Mirallai SI, Koutentis PA. The Conversion of 4-Anilinoquinazoline- and 3-Aryl-4-imino-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-carbonitriles into Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-6-carbonitriles via Oxidative and Nonoxidative C-N Couplings. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8329-40. [PMID: 26252396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-6-carbonitriles are prepared in high yields via three new routes: (1) a Cu(OTf)2 (0-5 mol %) catalyzed hypervalent iodine [PhI(OTf)2] mediated oxidative coupling of 4-anilinoquinazoline-2-carbonitriles in neat trifluoroacetic acid (TFA); (2) a Pd(OAc)2 (10 mol %) or CuI (10 mol %) mediated nonoxidative coupling of 4-(2-bromoanilino)quinazoline-2-carbonitrile; and (3) a nonoxidative Pd(Ar3P)3 [Ar = 3,5-(F3C)2C6H3] [aka Superstable Pd(0) Catalyst] (10 mol %) mediated intramolecular C-N cyclization of 3-(2-bromophenyl)-4-imino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-carbonitriles. All new compounds are fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliana I Mirallai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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38
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Tran LQ, Li J, Neuville L. Copper-Catalyzed Domino Three-Component Approach for the Assembly of 2-Aminated Benzimidazoles and Quinazolines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6102-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Quang Tran
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Laboratoire International
Associé, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jihui Li
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Laboratoire International
Associé, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Laboratoire International
Associé, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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39
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Xu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Mechanistic Considerations of the Catalytic Guanylation Reaction of Amines with Carbodiimides for Guanidine Synthesis. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Bartels B, Bolas CG, Cueni P, Fantasia S, Gaeng N, Trita AS. Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of guanidylpyridines and derivatives. J Org Chem 2014; 80:1249-57. [PMID: 25495477 DOI: 10.1021/jo502536t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the straightforward synthesis of 2-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and derivatives is presented. The target products are synthesized in high yields from guanidylpyridines and analogues via copper-catalyzed N-N coupling. The present methodology shows a wide scope, tolerating not only different substituents on the pyridine ring but also different heterocylic rings such as pyrazines, pyrimidines, and pyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Bartels
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, preclinical CMC, Process Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Chi Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Oxidant-Switchable Selective Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles via C–H Amination/Acetoxylation of Guanidines. Org Lett 2014; 16:6274-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502815p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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42
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Catalytic C–N bond formation in guanylation reaction by N-heterocyclic carbene supported magnesium(II) and zinc(II) amide complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Mamedov VA, Murtazina AM, Zhukova NA, Beschastnova TN, Rizvanov IK, Latypov SK. The reactions of 3-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and its derivatives in the synthesis of benzodiazepines and benzimidazoles: reinvestigation, structural reassignment, and new insight. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Ghorai MK, Sahoo AK, Bhattacharyya A. Syntheses of Imidazo-, Oxa-, and Thiazepine Ring Systems via Ring-Opening of Aziridines/Cu-Catalyzed C–N/C–C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6468-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500888j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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45
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Mamedov VA, Murtazina AM, Adgamova DI, Zhukova NA, Beschastnova TN, Kharlamov SV, Rizvanov IK, Latypov SK. Three Questionable Cases in the Chemistry of Quinoxalines and Benzodiazepines in the Way of the Syntheses of Benzimidazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid A. Mamedov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Anna M. Murtazina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Dil'bar I. Adgamova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya A. Zhukova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Tat'yana N. Beschastnova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Kharlamov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Il'dar Kh. Rizvanov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Shamil K. Latypov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
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46
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Sambiagio C, Marsden SP, Blacker AJ, McGowan PC. Copper catalysed Ullmann type chemistry: from mechanistic aspects to modern development. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3525-50. [PMID: 24585151 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cu-catalysed arylation reactions devoted to the formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds (Ullmann-type couplings) have acquired great importance in the last decade. This review discusses the history and development of coupling reactions between aryl halides and various classes of nucleophiles, focusing mostly on the different mechanisms proposed through the years. Selected mechanistic investigations are treated more in depth than others. For example, evidence in favour or against radical mechanisms is discussed. Cu(I) and Cu(III) complexes involved in the Ullmann reaction and N/O selectivity in aminoalcohol arylation are discussed. A separate section has been dedicated to the synthesis of heterocyclic rings through intramolecular couplings. Finally, recent developments in green chemistry for these reactions, such as reactions in aqueous media and heterogeneous catalysis, have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- iPRD, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2-9JT, UK.
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47
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Zhang W, Guo F, Wang F, Zhao N, Liu L, Li J, Wang Z. Synthesis of quinazolines via CuO nanoparticles catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of aromatic alcohols and amidines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5752-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quinazoline derivatives were obtained via CuO nanoparticles catalyzed reaction of N-arylamidines and aromatic alcohols in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Zhenghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
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48
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Li YX, Li LH, Yang YF, Hua HL, Yan XB, Zhao LB, Zhang JB, Ji FJ, Liang YM. Direct oxidative nitration of aromatic sulfonamides under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9936-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This efficient reaction proceeds under very mild conditions with low cost nitration reagents and can be applied in gram-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui-Liang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Biao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Biao Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University for Nationalities
- Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jin-Bang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fa-Jin Ji
- The Eighth Middle School
- Yong jing 731605, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
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49
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Khatun N, Guin S, Rout SK, Patel BK. Divergent reactivities of o-haloanilides with CuO nanoparticles in water: a green synthesis of benzoxazoles and o-hydroxyanilides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Baars H, Beyer A, Kohlhepp SV, Bolm C. Transition-metal-free synthesis of benzimidazoles mediated by KOH/DMSO. Org Lett 2013; 16:536-9. [PMID: 24364511 DOI: 10.1021/ol403414v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are prepared by intramolecular N-arylations of amidines mediated by potassium hydroxide in DMSO at 120 °C. In this manner, diversely substituted products have been obtained in moderate to very good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baars
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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