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Tortora C, Pisano L, Vergine V, Ghirga F, Iazzetti A, Calcaterra A, Marković V, Botta B, Quaglio D. Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activity of Diels-Alder Adducts from Morus Genus: An Update. Molecules 2022; 27:7580. [PMID: 36364405 PMCID: PMC9657834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The plants of the Moraceae family are producers of a great variety of polyphenolic natural products. Among these, the Diels-Alder type adducts (DAAs) are endowed with a unique cyclohexene scaffold, since they are biosynthesized from [4+2] cycloaddition of different polyphenolic precursors such as chalcones and dehydroprenyl polyphenols. To date, more than 150 DAAs have been isolated and characterized from Moraceous and related plants. The main source of DAAs is the mulberry root bark, also known as "Sang-Bai-Pi" in Traditional Chinese Medicine, but they have also been isolated from root bark, stem barks, roots, stems or twigs, leaves, and callus cultures of Moraceous and other related plants. Since 1980, many biological activities of DAAs have been identified, including anti-HIV, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer ones. For these reasons, natural DAAs have been intensively investigated, and a lot of efforts have been made to study their biosynthesis and to establish practical synthetic access. In this review, we summarized all the updated knowledge on biosynthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis, racemic and enantioselective total synthesis, and biological activity of natural DAAs from Moraceous and related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Tortora
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Vergine
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Campus di Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Violeta Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza—University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Liu M, Zhao H, Li C. Rh(I)-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic alkylation of Meldrum’s acid. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Baysak E, Durmaz H, Tunca U, Hizal G. Synthesis of Activated Ester Functional Polyesters through Light-Induced [4+4] Cycloaddition Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Baysak
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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Gao L, Han J, Lei X. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Kuwanon X, Kuwanon Y, and Kuwanol A. Org Lett 2016; 18:360-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Graduate
School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianguang Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Graduate
School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Choudhary S, Saroj S, Pandey K, Kumar A. Ionic liquid-supported benzyl azide: an efficient soluble scavenger for alkynes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquid functionalized with benzyl azide was synthesized and its synthetic utility was evaluated by scavenging excess alkynes in the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted quinoline via the Povarov reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
| | - Saroj Saroj
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
| | - Khima Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
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Purohit AK, Kumar A, Singh V, Goud D R, Jain R, Dubey D. Polymer-supported sulfonated magnetic resin: an efficient reagent for esterification of O-alkyl alkylphosphonic-and carboxylic-acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yang HK, Su MM, Ren LJ, Tang J, Yan YK, Miao WK, Zheng P, Wang W. Post-Functionalization of an Anderson-Type Polyoxomolybdate Using a Metal-Free Diels-Alder Click Reaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Moszynski JM, Fyles TM. Mechanism of Ion Transport by Fluorescent Oligoester Channels. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15937-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306596m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Fyles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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Roy N, Lehn JM. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: A Facile Room-Temperature, Reversible, Diels-Alder Reaction between Anthracene Derivatives and N-Phenyltriazolinedione. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2419-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cui W, Lu X, Cui K, Wu J, Wei Y, Lu Q. Fluorescent nanoparticles of chitosan complex for real-time monitoring drug release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8384-8390. [PMID: 21661743 DOI: 10.1021/la200552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
New types of fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) were prepared through ionic self-assembly of anthracene derivative and chitosan for applications as drug delivery carriers with real-time monitoring of the process of drug release. Because of the presence of the hydrophilic groups, these FNPs showed excellent dispersion and stability in aqueous solution. The structure and properties of the FNPs were investigated by using means of (1)H NMR, FTIR, SEM, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and so on. The potential practical applications as drug delivery carriers for real-time detection of the drug release process were demonstrated using Nicardipine as a model drug. Upon loading the drug, the strong blue fluorescence of FNPs was quenched due to electron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). With release of drug in vitro, the fluorescence was recovered again. The relationship between the accumulative drug release of FNPs and the recovered fluorescence intensity has been established. Such FNPs may open up new perspectives for designing a new class of detection system for monitoring drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Synthesis of Diels–Alder adducts of N-arylmaleimides by a multicomponent reaction between maleic anhydride, dienes, and anilines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Iskin B, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Synthesis of ABC type miktoarm star copolymers by triple click chemistry. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00352f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kappe CO, Dallinger D. Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis: highlights from the 2004–2008 literature. Mol Divers 2009; 13:71-193. [PMID: 19381851 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ramachary DB, Kishor M, Reddy YV. Development of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Drug Intermediates and Ingredients by Using Direct Organo-Click Reactions. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kretschmann O, Schmitz S, Ritter H. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Associative Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dag A, Durmaz H, Hizal G, Tunca U. Preparation of 3-arm star polymers (A3) via Diels–Alder click reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Durmaz H, Colakoglu B, Tunca U, Hizal G. Preparation of block copolymers via Diels Alder reaction of maleimide- and anthracene-end functionalized polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ramachary DB, Reddy GB. Towards organo-click reactions: development of pharmaceutical ingredients by using direct organocatalytic bio-mimetic reductions. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4463-8. [PMID: 17268640 DOI: 10.1039/b612611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Economic and environmentally friendly bio-mimetic one-pot three and four-component Knoevenagel-hydrogenation (K-H), five-component Knoevenagel-hydrogenation-alkylation (K-H-A) and six-component Knoevenagel-hydrogenation-alkylation-Huisgen cycloaddition (K-H-A-HC) reactions of aldehydes, CH-acids, o-phenylenediamine, alkyl halides and azides using proline, proline-metal carbonate and proline-metal carbonate-Cu(I)-catalysis, respectively have been developed. Many of K-H and K-H-A compounds have direct application in pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Ramachary DB, Kishor M, Ramakumar K. A novel and green protocol for two-carbon homologation: a direct amino acid/K2CO3-catalyzed four-component reaction of aldehydes, active methylenes, Hantzsch esters and alkyl halides. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kesavan S, Su Q, Shao J, Porco JA, Panek JS. Enantioselective Synthesis of Linear Polypropionate Arrays Using Anthracene-Tagged Organosilanes. Org Lett 2005; 7:4435-8. [PMID: 16178552 DOI: 10.1021/ol0516723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Preparation and use of anthracene-tagged organosilanes in an iterative, resin-capture-release protocol for the stereocontrolled synthesis of polypropionate arrays are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathy Kesavan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Lei X, Zaarur N, Sherman MY, Porco JA. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Complex Library via Elaboration of Angular Epoxyquinol Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6474-83. [PMID: 16050712 DOI: 10.1021/jo050956y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have accomplished the synthesis of a complex chemical library via elaboration of angular epoxyquinol scaffolds with distinct skeletal frameworks. The key strategy involves highly stereocontrolled [4 + 2] Diels-Alder cycloadditions of chiral, nonracemic epoxyquinol dienes to generate the scaffolds. Further scaffold diversification involves hydrogenation, epimerization, dehydration, and condensation of the carbonyl group with alkoxyamine and carbazate building blocks. Further elaboration of the scaffolds also provided new skeletal frameworks using hydroxyl-directed Diels-Alder cycloaddition and reductive N-N bond cleavage. The overall process afforded 244 highly complex and functionalized compounds. Preliminary biological screening of the library uncovered six compounds which showed significant inhibition of Hsp 72 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Durmaz H, Karatas F, Tunca U, Hizal G. Preparation of ABC miktoarm star terpolymer containing poly(ethylene glycol), polystyrene, and poly(tert-butylacrylate) arms by combining diels-alder reaction, atom transfer radical, and stable free radical polymerization routes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El Ashry E, Ramadan E, Kassem A, Hagar M. Microwave Irradiation for Accelerating Organic Reactions. Part I: Three-, Four- and Five-Membered Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(04)88001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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30
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Kappe CO. Kontrolliertes Erhitzen mit Mikrowellen in der modernen organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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