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Wang BR, Li YB, Zhang Q, Gao D, Tian P, Li Q, Yin L. Copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,3-enynes and azomethine ylides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4688. [PMID: 37542041 PMCID: PMC10403559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and 1,3-enynes, which provides a series of chiral poly-substituted pyrrolidines in high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Both 4-aryl-1,3-enynes and 4-silyl-1,3-enynes serve as suitable dipolarophiles while 4-alkyl-1,3-enynes are inert. Moreover, the method is successfully applied in the construction of both tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbon centers and chiral spiro pyrrolidines. The DFT calculations are also conducted, which imply a concerted mechanism rather than a stepwise mechanism. Finally, various transformations started from the pyrrolidine bearing a triethylsilylethynyl group and centered on the alkyne group are achieved, which compensates for the inertness of 4-alkyl-1,3-enynes in the present reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingding Gao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Tian
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qinghua Li
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Liang Yin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Ortiz E, Shezaf J, Chang YH, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkynes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Convergent Construction of Allylic Alcohols and Amines. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8164-8174. [PMID: 37082110 PMCID: PMC10112658 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of alkynes as vinylmetal pronucleophiles in intermolecular enantioselective metal-catalyzed carbonyl and imine reductive couplings to form allylic alcohols and amines is surveyed. Related hydrogen auto-transfer processes, wherein alcohols or amines serve dually as reductants and carbonyl or imine proelectrophiles, also are cataloged, as are applications in target-oriented synthesis. These processes represent an emerging alternative to the use of stoichiometric vinylmetal reagents or Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reactions in carbonyl and imine alkenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Shezaf
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Santana CG, Krische MJ. From Hydrogenation to Transfer Hydrogenation to Hydrogen Auto-Transfer in Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Past, Present, and Future. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5572-5585. [PMID: 34306816 PMCID: PMC8302072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom-efficient processes that occur via addition, redistribution or removal of hydrogen underlie many large volume industrial processes and pervade all segments of chemical industry. Although carbonyl addition is one of the oldest and most broadly utilized methods for C-C bond formation, the delivery of non-stabilized carbanions to carbonyl compounds has relied on premetalated reagents or metallic/organometallic reductants, which pose issues of safety and challenges vis-à-vis large volume implementation. Catalytic carbonyl reductive couplings promoted via hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation and hydrogen auto-transfer allow abundant unsaturated hydrocarbons to serve as substitutes to organometallic reagents, enabling C-C bond formation in the absence of stoichiometric metals. This perspective (a) highlights past milestones in catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer and hydrogen auto-transfer, (b) summarizes current methods for catalytic enantioselective carbonyl reductive couplings, and (c) describes future opportunities based on the patterns of reactivity that animate transformations of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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4
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Cai B, Panek JS. Titanium Alkoxide-Based Regioselective Alkyne-Alkyne Reductive Coupling Mediated by In Situ Generated Arylamidate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3729-3735. [PMID: 32050069 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alkoxide-based alkyne-alkyne reductive coupling mediated by in situ generated arylamidate is described. A high level of regioselectivity is achieved in 37 examples, where (E,E)-dienes are exclusively formed. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first example of an apparent amide and carbamate directing effect in metal-mediated reductive coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - James S Panek
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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5
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Gan XC, Yin L. Asymmetric Borylative Propargylation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Copper(I) Complex. Org Lett 2019; 21:931-936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Cheng Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Holmes M, Schwartz LA, Krische MJ. Intermolecular Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Dienes, Allenes, and Enynes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6026-6052. [PMID: 29897740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed reductive coupling has emerged as an alternative to the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents in an increasingly diverse range of carbonyl and imine additions. In this review, the use of diene, allene, and enyne pronucleophiles in intermolecular carbonyl and imine reductive couplings are surveyed, along with related hydrogen autotransfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Welch Hall A5300, 105 East 24th Street , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Leyah A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Welch Hall A5300, 105 East 24th Street , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Welch Hall A5300, 105 East 24th Street , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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7
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Quintard A, Rodriguez J. Catalytic enantioselective OFF ↔ ON activation processes initiated by hydrogen transfer: concepts and challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10456-73. [PMID: 27381644 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen transfer initiated processes are eco-compatible transformations allowing the reversible OFF ↔ ON activation of otherwise unreactive substrates. The minimization of stoichiometric waste as well as the unique activation modes provided by these transformations make them key players for a greener future for organic synthesis. Long limited to catalytic reactions that form racemic products, considerable progress on the development of strategies for controlling diastereo- and enantioselectivity has been made in the last decade. The aim of this review is to present the different strategies that enable enantioselective transformations of this type and to highlight how they can be used to construct key synthetic building blocks in fewer operations with less waste generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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8
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O'Rourke NF, Kier MJ, Micalizio GC. Metallacycle-Mediated Cross-Coupling in Natural Product Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:7093-7123. [PMID: 27765997 PMCID: PMC5067085 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha F O'Rourke
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Matthew J Kier
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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9
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Ketcham JM, Volchkov I, Chen TY, Blumberg PM, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Krische MJ. Evaluation of Chromane-Based Bryostatin Analogues Prepared via Hydrogen-Mediated C-C Bond Formation: Potency Does Not Confer Bryostatin-like Biology. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13415-13423. [PMID: 27676096 PMCID: PMC5094189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of chromane-containing bryostatin analogues WN-2-WN-7 and the previously reported salicylate-based analogue WN-8 are described. Analogues WN-2-WN-7 are prepared through convergent assembly of the chromane-containing fragment B-I with the "binding domain" fragment A-I or its C26-des-methyl congener, fragment A-II. The synthesis of fragment B-I features enantioselective double C-H allylation of 1,3-propanediol to form the C2-symmetric diol 3 and Heck cyclization of bromo-diene 5 to form the chromane core. The synthesis of salicylate WN-8 is accomplished through the union of fragments A-III and B-II. The highest binding affinities for PKCα are observed for the C26-des-methyl analogues WN-3 (Ki = 63.9 nM) and WN-7 (Ki = 63.1 nM). All analogues, WN-2-WN-8, inhibited growth of Toledo cells, with the most potent analogue being WN-7. This response, however, does not distinguish between phorbol ester-like and bryostatin-like behavior. In contrast, while many of the analogues contain a conserved C-ring in the binding domain and other features common to analogues with bryostatin-like properties, all analogues evaluated in the U937 proliferation and cell attachment assays displayed phorbol ester-like and/or toxic behavior, including WN-8, for which "bryostatin-like PKC modulatory activities" previously was suggested solely on the basis of PKC binding. These results underscore the importance of considering downstream biological effects, as tumor suppression cannot be inferred from potent PKC binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Ketcham
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ivan Volchkov
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Te-Yu Chen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Nancy E. Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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10
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Feng J, Kasun ZA, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Alcohol C-H Functionalization for Polyketide Construction: Unlocking Redox-Economy and Site-Selectivity for Ideal Chemical Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5467-78. [PMID: 27113543 PMCID: PMC4871165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of stereoselective and site-selective catalytic methods that directly convert lower alcohols to higher alcohols are described. These processes merge the characteristics of transfer hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, exploiting alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants as redox pairs, which upon hydrogen transfer generate transient carbonyl-organometal pairs en route to products of C-C coupling. Unlike classical carbonyl additions, stoichiometric organometallic reagents and discrete alcohol-to-carbonyl redox reactions are not required. Additionally, due to a kinetic preference for primary alcohol dehydrogenation, the site-selective modification of glycols and higher polyols is possible, streamlining or eliminating use of protecting groups. The total syntheses of several iconic type I polyketide natural products were undertaken using these methods. In each case, the target compounds were prepared in significantly fewer steps than previously achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Feng
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kasun
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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11
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Andrews IP, Ketcham JM, Blumberg PM, Kedei N, Lewin N, Peach ML, Krische MJ. Synthesis of seco-B-ring bryostatin analogue WN-1 via C-C bond-forming hydrogenation: critical contribution of the B-ring in determining bryostatin-like and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-like properties. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13209-16. [PMID: 25207655 PMCID: PMC4183601 DOI: 10.1021/ja507825s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The seco-B-ring bryostatin analogue, macrodiolide WN-1, was prepared in 17 steps (longest linear sequence) and 30 total steps with three bonds formed via hydrogen-mediated C-C coupling. This synthetic route features a palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of a C2-symmetric diol to form the C9-deoxygenated bryostatin A-ring. WN-1 binds to PKCα (Ki = 16.1 nM) and inhibits the growth of multiple leukemia cell lines. Although structural features of the WN-1 A-ring and C-ring are shared by analogues that display bryostatin-like behavior, WN-1 displays PMA-like behavior in U937 cell attachment and proliferation assays, as well as in K562 and MV-4-11 proliferation assays. Molecular modeling studies suggest the pattern of internal hydrogen bonds evident in bryostatin 1 is preserved in WN-1, and that upon docking WN-1 into the crystal structure of the C1b domain of PKCδ, the binding mode of bryostatin 1 is reproduced. The collective data emphasize the critical contribution of the B-ring to the function of the upper portion of the molecule in conferring a bryostatin-like pattern of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John M. Ketcham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Nancy
E. Lewin
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Megan L. Peach
- Basic Science Program,
Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Michael J. Krische
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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12
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Dechert-Schmitt AMR, Schmitt DC, Gao X, Itoh T, Krische MJ. Polyketide construction via hydrohydroxyalkylation and related alcohol C-H functionalizations: reinventing the chemistry of carbonyl addition. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:504-13. [PMID: 24514754 PMCID: PMC3954971 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the longstanding importance of polyketide natural products in human medicine, nearly all commercial polyketide-based drugs are prepared through fermentation or semi-synthesis. The paucity of manufacturing routes involving de novo chemical synthesis reflects the inability of current methods to concisely address the preparation of these complex structures. Direct alcohol C-H bond functionalization via"C-C bond forming transfer hydrogenation" provides a powerful, new means of constructing type I polyketides that bypasses stoichiometric use of chiral auxiliaries, premetallated C-nucleophiles, and discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox reactions. Using this emergent technology, total syntheses of 6-deoxyerythronolide B, bryostatin 7, trienomycins A and F, cyanolide A, roxaticin, and formal syntheses of rifamycin S and scytophycin C, were accomplished. These syntheses represent the most concise routes reported to any member of the respective natural product families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie R Dechert-Schmitt
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 105 E 24th St., Welch Hall A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1165, USA.
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13
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Kinoshita H, Uemura R, Fukuda D, Miura K. Platinum-Catalyzed One-Pot Alkenylation of Aldehydes Using Alkynes and Triethylsilane: Dual Catalysis by Platinum(II) Chloride. Org Lett 2013; 15:5538-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4026952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsukiyo Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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14
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Shen K, Han X, Lu X. Cationic Pd(II)-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of Alkyne-Tethered Ketones or Aldehydes Using Ethanol as Hydrogen Source. Org Lett 2013; 15:1732-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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De Paolis M, Chataigner I, Maddaluno J. Recent advances in stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-dienes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 327:87-146. [PMID: 22527407 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present the latest developments in the stereoselective synthesis of conjugated dienes, covering the period 2005-2010. Since the use of this class of compounds is linked to the nature of their appendages (aryls, alkyls, electron-withdrawing, and heterosubstituted groups), the review has been categorized accordingly and illustrates the most representative strategies and mechanisms to access these targets.
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16
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Leung JC, Patman RL, Sam B, Krische MJ. Alkyne-aldehyde reductive C-C coupling through ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation: direct regio- and stereoselective carbonyl vinylation to form trisubstituted allylic alcohols in the absence of premetallated reagents. Chemistry 2011; 17:12437-43. [PMID: 21953608 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonsymmetric 1,2-disubstituted alkynes engage in reductive coupling to a variety of aldehydes under the conditions of ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation by employing formic acid as the terminal reductant and delivering the products of carbonyl vinylation with good to excellent levels of regioselectivity and with complete control of olefin stereochemistry. As revealed in an assessment of the ruthenium counterion, iodide plays an essential role in directing the regioselectivity of C-C bond formation. Isotopic labeling studies corroborate reversible catalytic propargyl C-H oxidative addition in advance of the C-C coupling, and demonstrate that the C-C coupling products do not experience reversible dehydrogenation by way of enone intermediates. This transfer hydrogenation protocol enables carbonyl vinylation in the absence of stoichiometric metallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Leung
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167, USA
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17
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Lu Y, Woo SK, Krische MJ. Total synthesis of bryostatin 7 via C-C bond-forming hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13876-9. [PMID: 21780806 DOI: 10.1021/ja205673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The marine macrolide bryostatin 7 is prepared in 20 steps (longest linear sequence) and 36 total steps with five C-C bonds formed using hydrogenative methods. This approach represents the most concise synthesis of any bryostatin reported, to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 78712, United States
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18
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Abstract
The total synthesis of bryostatin 9 was accomplished using a uniquely step-economical and convergent Prins-driven macrocyclization strategy. At 25 linear and 42 total steps, this is currently the most concise and convergent synthesis of a potent bryostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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19
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Theoretical studies of regioselectivity of Ni- and Rh-catalyzed C–C bond forming reactions with unsymmetrical alkynes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Wender PA, Loy BA, Schrier AJ. Translating Nature's Library: The Bryostatins and Function-Oriented Synthesis. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:453-472. [PMID: 22661768 PMCID: PMC3364006 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We review in part our computational, design, synthesis, and biological studies on a remarkable class of compounds and their designed analogs that have led to preclinical candidates for the treatment of cancer, a first-in-class approach to Alzheimer's disease, and a promising strategy to eradicate HIV/AIDS. Because these leads target, in part, protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, they have therapeutic potential even beyond this striking set of therapeutic indications. This program has given rise to new synthetic methodology and represents an increasingly important direction of synthesis focused on achieving function through synthesis-informed design (function-oriented synthesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J. Schrier
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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21
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Liu P, Krische MJ, Houk KN. Mechanism and origins of regio- and enantioselectivities in RhI-catalyzed hydrogenative couplings of 1,3-diynes and activated carbonyl partners: intervention of a cumulene intermediate. Chemistry 2011; 17:4021-9. [PMID: 21365696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the rhodium-catalyzed reductive coupling of 1,3-diynes and vicinal dicarbonyl compounds employing H(2) as reductant was investigated by density functional theory. Oxidative coupling through 1,4-addition of the Rh(I)-bound dicarbonyl to the conjugated diyne via a seven-membered cyclic cumulene transition state leads to exclusive formation of linear adducts. Diyne 1,4-addition is much faster than the 1,2-addition to simple alkynes. The 1,2-dicarbonyl compound is bound to rhodium in a bidentate fashion during the oxidative coupling event. The chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivities of this reaction were investigated and are attributed to this unique 1,4-addition pathway. The close proximity of the ligand and the alkyne substituent distal to the forming C-C bond controls the regio- and enantioselectivity: coupling occurs at the sterically more demanding alkyne terminus, which minimizes nonbonded interaction with the ligand. A stereochemical model is proposed that accounts for preferential formation of the (R)-configurated coupling product when (R)-biaryl phosphine ligands are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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22
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Hale KJ, Manaviazar S. New approaches to the total synthesis of the bryostatin antitumor macrolides. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:704-54. [PMID: 20354984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Focus Review, we give an overview of various bryostatin total syntheses. We also discuss the synthesis of various bryostatin analogues and their biological activity. Work reviewed includes that of Masamune, Evans, Nishiyama and Yamamura, Hale and Manaviazar, Trost, Wender, Keck, Burke, Thomas, and Krische. Our coverage is primarily for the period 2001-2009, since detailed reviews already exist on bryostatin total synthesis work and biology up to this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Hale
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universty Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
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23
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Williams VM, Kong JR, Ko BJ, Mantri Y, Brodbelt JS, Baik MH, Krische MJ. ESI-MS, DFT, and synthetic studies on the H(2)-mediated coupling of acetylene: insertion of C=X bonds into rhodacyclopentadienes and Brønsted acid cocatalyzed hydrogenolysis of organorhodium intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:16054-62. [PMID: 19845357 DOI: 10.1021/ja906225n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic mechanism of the hydrogen-mediated coupling of acetylene to carbonyl compounds and imines has been examined using three techniques: (a) ESI-MS and ESI-CAD-MS analyses, (b) computational modeling, and (c) experiments wherein putative reactive intermediates are diverted to alternate reaction products. ESI-MS analysis of reaction mixtures from the hydrogen-mediated reductive coupling of acetylene to alpha-ketoesters or N-benzenesulfonyl aldimines corroborate a catalytic mechanism involving C horizontal lineX (X = O, NSO(2)Ph) insertion into a cationic rhodacyclopentadiene obtained by way of acetylene oxidative dimerization with subsequent Brønsted acid cocatalyzed hydrogenolysis of the resulting oxa- or azarhodacycloheptadiene. Hydrogenation of 1,6-diynes in the presence of alpha-ketoesters provides analogous coupling products. ESI mass spectrometric analysis again corroborates a catalytic mechanism involving carbonyl insertion into a cationic rhodacyclopentadiene. For all ESI-MS experiments, the structural assignments of ions are supported by multistage collisional activated dissociation (CAD) analyses. Further support for the proposed catalytic mechanism derives from experiments aimed at the interception of putative reactive intermediates and their diversion to alternate reaction products. For example, rhodium-catalyzed coupling of acetylene to an aldehyde in the absence of hydrogen or Brønsted acid cocatalyst provides the corresponding (Z)-butadienyl ketone, which arises from beta-hydride elimination of the proposed oxarhodacycloheptadiene intermediate, as corroborated by isotopic labeling. Additionally, the putative rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate obtained from the oxidative coupling of acetylene is diverted to the product of reductive [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition when N-p-toluenesulfonyl-dehydroalanine ethyl ester is used as the coupling partner. The mechanism of this transformation also is corroborated by isotopic labeling. Computer model studies based on density functional theory (DFT) support the proposed mechanism and identify Brønsted acid cocatalyst assisted hydrogenolysis to be the most difficult step. The collective studies provide new insight into the reactivity of cationic rhodacyclopentadienes, which should facilitate the design of related rhodium-catalyzed C-C couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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24
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Han SB, Kim IS, Krische MJ. Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed carbonyl allylation from the alcohol oxidation level via transfer hydrogenation: minimizing pre-activation for synthetic efficiency. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7278-87. [PMID: 20024203 PMCID: PMC2851162 DOI: 10.1039/b917243m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Existing methods for enantioselective carbonyl allylation, crotylation and tert-prenylation require stoichiometric generation of pre-metallated nucleophiles, and often employ stoichiometric chiral modifiers. Under the conditions of transfer hydrogenation employing an ortho-cyclometallated iridium C,O-benzoate catalyst, enantioselective carbonyl allylations, crotylations and tert-prenylations are achieved in the absence of stoichiometric metallic reagents or stoichiometric chiral modifiers. Moreover, under transfer hydrogenation conditions, primary alcohols function dually as hydrogen donors and aldehyde precursors, enabling enantioselective carbonyl addition directly from the alcohol oxidation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bong Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
| | - In Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J. Krische
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
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25
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Lu Y, Krische MJ. Concise synthesis of the bryostatin A-ring via consecutive C-C bond forming transfer hydrogenations. Org Lett 2009; 11:3108-11. [PMID: 19586066 DOI: 10.1021/ol901096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under the conditions of C-C bond forming transfer hydrogenation, 1,3-propanediol 1 engages in double asymmetric carbonyl allylation to furnish the C(2)-symmetric diol 2. Double ozonolysis of 2 followed by TBS protection delivers aldehyde 3, which is subject to catalyst directed carbonyl reverse prenylation via transfer hydrogenation to deliver neopentyl alcohol 4 and, ultimately, the bryostatin A-ring 7. Through use of two consecutive C-C bond forming transfer hydrogenations, the Evans' bryostatin A-ring 7 is prepared in less than half the manipulations previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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26
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Omae I. Characteristic reactions of group 9 transition metal compounds in organic synthesis. Appl Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Abraham CJ, Paull DH, Bekele T, Scerba MT, Dudding T, Lectka T. A surprising mechanistic "switch" in Lewis acid activation: a bifunctional, asymmetric approach to alpha-hydroxy acid derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:17085-94. [PMID: 19053448 PMCID: PMC2651146 DOI: 10.1021/ja806818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a detailed synthetic and mechanistic study of an unusual bifunctional, sequential hetero-Diels-Alder/ring-opening reaction in which chiral, metal complexed ketene enolates react with o-quinones to afford highly enantioenriched, alpha-hydroxylated carbonyl derivatives in excellent yield. A number of Lewis acids were screened in tandem with cinchona alkaloid derivatives; surprisingly, trans-(Ph(3)P)(2)PdCl(2) was found to afford the most dramatic increase in yield and rate of reaction. A series of Lewis acid binding motifs were explored through molecular modeling, as well as IR, UV, and NMR spectroscopy. Our observations document a fundamental mechanistic "switch", namely the formation of a tandem Lewis base/Lewis acid activated metal enolate in preference to a metal-coordinated quinone species (as observed in other reactions of o-quinone derivatives). This new method was applied to the syntheses of several pharmaceutical targets, each of which was obtained in high yield and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciby J. Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, New Chemistry Building, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Daniel H. Paull
- Department of Chemistry, New Chemistry Building, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Michael T. Scerba
- Department of Chemistry, New Chemistry Building, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, New Chemistry Building, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, and Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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28
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Han SB, Kong JR, Krische MJ. Catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity in hydrogenative couplings of acetylene to alpha-chiral aldehydes: formal synthesis of all eight L-hexoses. Org Lett 2008; 10:4133-5. [PMID: 18729371 DOI: 10.1021/ol8018874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenative coupling of acetylene to alpha-chiral aldehydes 1a-4a using enantiomeric rhodium catalysts ligated by (S)-MeO-BIPHEP and (R)-MeO-BIPHEP delivers the diastereomeric products of carbonyl-(Z)-butadienylation 1b-4b and 1c-4c, respectively, with good to excellent levels of catalyst directed diastereofacial selectivity. Diastereomeric L-glyceraldehyde acetonide adducts 1b and 1c were converted to the four isomeric enoates 6b, 8b, 6c, and 8c, representing a formal synthesis of all eight L-hexoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bong Han
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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29
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Omae I. Three characteristic reactions of alkynes with metal compounds in organic synthesis. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Rhee JU, Krische MJ. Highly enantioselective reductive cyclization of acetylenic aldehydes via rhodium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:10674-5. [PMID: 16910650 DOI: 10.1021/ja0637954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of acetylenic aldehydes 1a-12a using chirally modified cationic rhodium catalysts enables highly enantioselective reductive cyclization to afford cyclic allylic alcohols 1b-12b. Using an achiral hydrogenation catalyst, the chiral racemic acetylenic aldehydes 13a-15a engage in highly syn-diastereoselective reductive cyclizations to afford cyclic allylic alcohols 13b-15b. Ozonolysis of cyclization products 7b and 9b allows access to optically enriched alpha-hydroxy ketones 7c and 9c. Reductive cyclization of enyne 7a under a deuterium atmosphere provides the monodeuterated product deuterio-7b, consistent with a catalytic mechanism involving alkyne-carbonyl oxidative coupling followed by hydrogenolytic cleavage of the resulting oxametallacycle. These hydrogen-mediated transformations represent the first examples of the enantioselective reductive cyclization of acetylenic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Uk Rhee
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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31
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Trost BM, Yang H, Thiel OR, Frontier AJ, Brindle CS. Synthesis of a ring-expanded bryostatin analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2206-7. [PMID: 17279751 PMCID: PMC2533160 DOI: 10.1021/ja067305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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32
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Hong YT, Barchuk A, Krische MJ. Branch-selective intermolecular hydroacylation: hydrogen-mediated coupling of anhydrides to styrenes and activated olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:6885-8. [PMID: 16991162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Taek Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, 78712-1167, USA
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33
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Hong YT, Barchuk A, Krische MJ. Branch-Selective Intermolecular Hydroacylation: Hydrogen-Mediated Coupling of Anhydrides to Styrenes and Activated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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