1
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Liu J, Guo L, Chen Z, Guo Y, Zhang W, Peng X, Wang Z, Zeng YF. Photoredox-catalyzed unsymmetrical diamination of alkenes for access to vicinal diamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3413-3416. [PMID: 38441256 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed unsymmetrical diamination of alkenes by using N-aminopyridinium salts and nitriles as the amination reagents has been developed. Various vicinal diamines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, this protocol could be applied in the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that this methodology may undergo a radical pathway followed by a Ritter-type reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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2
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Jiao RQ, Li M, Chen X, Zhang Z, Gong XP, Yue H, Liu XY, Liang YM. Copper-Catalyzed Selective Three-Component 1,2-Phosphonoazidation of 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1387-1392. [PMID: 38341862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed selective 1,2-phosphonoazidation of conjugated dienes. This three-component reaction is achieved by using readily available P(O)-H compounds and bench-stable NaN3. Salient features of this strategy include its mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and high chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. Moreover, the compatibility with the late-stage functionalization of drug molecules, the potential for scalable production, and the feasibility of further modifications of the products underscore the practical utility of this protocol in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Ariyarathna JP, Baskaran P, Chhikara A, Kaur N, Nguyen AM, Premathilaka SM, Huynh MM, Truong JT, Li W. Tunable [3+2] and [4+2] annulations for pyrrolidine and piperidine synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6418-6421. [PMID: 37161704 PMCID: PMC10297810 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocycles are privileged pharmaceutical scaffolds in drug discovery and development. We disclose here divergent intermolecular coupling strategies that can access diverse N-heterocycles directly from olefins. The radical-to-polar mechanistic switching is key for the divergent cyclization processes. These distinctive annulations result in the coupling of alkenes with simple bifunctional reagents for divergent N-heterocycle syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewani P Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Prabagar Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Akanksha Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Alex M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Shashini M Premathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Michelle M Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Jonathon T Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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4
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Cheng Q, Bai Z, Tewari S, Ritter T. Bifunctional sulfilimines enable synthesis of multiple N-heterocycles from alkenes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:898-904. [PMID: 35871706 PMCID: PMC9359915 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular cyclization of nitrogen-containing molecules onto pendant alkenes is an efficient strategy for the construction of N-heterocycles, which are of paramount importance in, for example, pharmaceuticals and materials. Similar intermolecular cyclization reactions, however, are scarcer for nitrogen building blocks, including N-centred radicals, and divergent and modular versions are not established. Here we report the use of sulfilimines as bifunctional N-radical precursors for cyclization reactions with alkenes to produce N-unprotected heterocycles in a single step through photoredox catalysis. Structurally diverse sulfilimines can be synthesized in a single step, and subsequently engage with alkenes to afford synthetically valuable five-, six- and seven-membered heterocycles. The broad and diverse scope is achievable by a radical-polar crossover annulation enabled by the bifunctional character of the reagents, which distinguishes itself from all other N-centred-radical-based reactions. The modular synthesis of the sulfilimines allows for larger structural diversity of N-heterocycle products than is currently achievable with other single cyclization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Zibo Bai
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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6
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Li J, Wang X, Wang Z, Shi Y. A Cu-Promoted C-N Coupling of Boron Esters and Diaziridinone: An Approach to Aryl Ureas. Org Lett 2021; 23:8958-8962. [PMID: 34756047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel Cu-promoted C-N coupling between boron esters and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone is described. A wide variety of aryl ureas can be readily obtained under mild conditions with up to a 92% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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7
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Chen X, Xiao F, He WM. Recent developments in the difunctionalization of alkenes with C–N bond formation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various alkene difunctionalization reactions involving nitridization, diamination, azidation, oxyamination, carboamination, aminohalogenation, and nitration are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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8
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Schwarz JL, Huang HM, Paulisch TO, Glorius F. Dialkylation of 1,3-Dienes by Dual Photoredox and Chromium Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Luca Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tiffany O. Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Perry GJP, Jia T, Procter DJ. Copper-Catalyzed Functionalization of 1,3-Dienes: Hydrofunctionalization, Borofunctionalization, and Difunctionalization. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. P. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People’s Republic of China
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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10
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Hemric BN, Chen AW, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Amino Oxygenation of 1,3-Dienes: A Chemo-, Regio-, and Site-Selective Three-Component Reaction with O-Acylhydroxylamines and Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2019; 9:10070-10076. [PMID: 31692984 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction for 1,2-amino oxygenation of 1,3-dienes has been achieved using O-acyl hydroxylamines and carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs through copper-catalyzed amination of olefins followed by nucleophilic addition of carboxylic acids, offering high levels of chemo-, regio-, and site-selectivity. The method is effective for both terminal and internal 1,3-dienes, including those bearing multiple, unsymmetrical substituents. The amino oxygenation conditions also exhibited remarkable selectivity toward 1,3-dienes over alkenes, good tolerance of sensitive functional groups, and reliable scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett N. Hemric
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Andy W. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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11
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Abstract
At the advent of cross-coupling chemistry, carbon electrophiles based on halides or pseudohalides were the only suitable electrophilic coupling partners. Almost two decades passed before the first cross-coupling reaction of heteroatom-based electrophiles was reported. Early work by Murai and Tanaka initiated investigations into silicon electrophiles. Narasaka and Johnson pioneered the way in the use of nitrogen electrophiles, while Suginome began the exploration of boron electrophiles. The chemistry reviewed within provides perspective on the use of heteroatomic electrophiles, specifically silicon-, nitrogen-, boron-, oxygen-, and phosphorus-based electrophiles in transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling. For the purposes of this review, a loose definition of cross-coupling is utilized; all reactions minimally proceed via an oxidative addition event. Although not cross-coupling in a traditional sense, we have also included catalyzed reactions that join a heteroatomic electrophile with an in situ generated nucleophile. However, for brevity, those involving hydroamination or C-H activation as a key step are largely excluded. This work includes primary references published up to and including October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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12
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Kaur N, Wu F, Alom NE, Ariyarathna JP, Saluga SJ, Li W. Intermolecular alkene difunctionalizations for the synthesis of saturated heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1643-1654. [PMID: 30452059 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Saturated heterocycles are important structural motifs in a range of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. As a result of their importance, syntheses of these molecules have been extensively investigated. Despite the progress in this area, the most adopted strategies are still often characterized with inefficiency or relying on functionalizations with specialized precursors and pre-existing cores. This review highlights a dynamic synthetic strategy for the direct synthesis of saturated heterocycles from intermolecular alkene difunctionalizations. These coupling processes are highly modular, and therefore, offer perhaps the most convenient means to prepare diverse heterocyclic structures in compound libraries for bioactivity evoluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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13
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Nájera C, Beletskaya IP, Yus M. Metal-catalyzed regiodivergent organic reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4515-4618. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses metal-catalysed regiodivergent additions, allylic substitutions, CH-activation, cross-couplings and intra- or intermolecular cyclisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Nájera
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03080 Alicante
- Spain
| | - Irina P. Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119992 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03080 Alicante
- Spain
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14
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Recent Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Imidazolidin-2-ones and Benzimidazolidin-2-ones. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Imidazolidinone and its analogues are omnipresent structural motifs of pharmaceuticals, natural products, chiral auxiliaries, and intermediates in organic syntheses. Over the years, continuous efforts have been addressed to the development of sustainable and more efficient protocols for the synthesis of these heterocycles. This review gives a summary of the catalytic strategies to access imidazolidin-2-ones and benzimidazolidin-2-ones that have appeared in the literature from 2010 to 2018. Particularly important contributions beyond the timespan will be mentioned. The review is organized in four main chapters that identify the most common approaches to imidazolidin-2-one derivatives: (1) the direct incorporation of the carbonyl group into 1,2-diamines, (2) the diamination of olefins, (3) the intramolecular hydroamination of linear urea derivatives and (4) aziridine ring expansion. Methods not included in this classification will be addressed in the miscellaneous section.
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15
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Jin H, Dai C, Huang Y. DBU-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienones: Access to Vicinal Diamine-Containing Heterocycles. Org Lett 2018; 20:5006-5009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - Changhang Dai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - You Huang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 30071, China
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16
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Xiong Y, Zhang G. Enantioselective 1,2-Difunctionalization of 1,3-Butadiene by Sequential Alkylation and Carbonyl Allylation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2735-2738. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in
Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in
Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Song J, Zhang ZJ, Chen SS, Fan T, Gong LZ. Lewis Base/Copper Cooperatively Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Amination of Esters with Diaziridinone. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3177-3180. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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18
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van Leest NP, Epping RF, van Vliet KM, Lankelma M, van den Heuvel EJ, Heijtbrink N, Broersen R, de Bruin B. Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Qian B, Xiong H, Zhu N, Ye C, Jian W, Bao H. Copper-catalyzed diesterification of 1,3-diene for the synthesis of allylic diester compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Ciesielski J, Dequirez G, Retailleau P, Gandon V, Dauban P. Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkene Difunctionalization with Nitrenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:9338-47. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ciesielski
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1; av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Geoffroy Dequirez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1; av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1; av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1; av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay CEDEX France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1; av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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21
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Zhu X, Chiba S. Copper-catalyzed oxidative carbon–heteroatom bond formation: a recent update. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4504-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review updates recent advances in Cu-catalyzed (anaerobic) oxidative carbon–heteroatom bond formation on sp3- and sp2-C–H bonds as well as alkenes, classified according to the types of stoichiometric oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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22
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Wu W, Zhang G, Xu S, Shi M. Intramolecular aminochalcogenation and diamination of alkenes employing N-iodosuccinimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Fu S, Yang H, Li G, Deng Y, Jiang H, Zeng W. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Alkenylureas. Org Lett 2015; 17:1018-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Fu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Honghao Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Analysis
and Testing Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanfu Deng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Zhang J, Wu W, Zhang X, Zhang G, Xu S, Shi M. NIS/PhI(OAc)2-Mediated Diamination/Oxidation ofN-Alkenyl Formamidines: Facile Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Ureas. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:544-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhu Y, Cornwall RG, Du H, Zhao B, Shi Y. Catalytic diamination of olefins via N-N bond activation. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3665-78. [PMID: 25402963 PMCID: PMC4270412 DOI: 10.1021/ar500344t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Vicinal diamines are important structural motifs present in various
biologically and chemically significant molecules. Direct diamination
of olefins provides an effective approach to this class of compounds.
Unlike well-established oxidation processes such as epoxidation, dihydroxylation,
and aminohydroxylation, direct diamination of olefins had remained
a long-standing challenge and had been less well developed. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies on Pd(0)- and
Cu(I)-catalyzed diaminations of olefins using di-tert-butyldiaziridinone and its related analogues as nitrogen sources
via N–N bond activation. A wide variety of imidazolidinones,
cyclic sulfamides, indolines, imidazolinones, and cyclic guanidines
can be obtained from conjugated dienes and terminal olefins. For conjugated
dienes, the diamination proceeds regioselectively at the internal
double bond with the Pd(0) catalyst. Mechanistic studies show that
the diamination likely involves a four-membered Pd(II) species resulting
from the insertion of Pd(0) into the N–N bond of di-tert-butyldiaziridinone. Interestingly, the Cu(I)-catalyzed
process occurs regioselectively at either the terminal or internal
double bond depending on the reaction conditions via two mechanistically
distinct pathways. The Cu(I) catalyst cleaves the N–N bond
of di-tert-butyldiaziridinone to form a Cu(II) nitrogen
radical and a four-membered Cu(III) species, which are likely in rapid
equilibrium. The Cu(II) nitrogen radical and the four-membered Cu(III)
species lead to the terminal and internal diamination, respectively. Terminal olefins are effectively C–H diaminated at the allylic
and homoallylic carbons with Pd(0) as catalyst and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as nitrogen source, likely involving a diene
intermediate generated in situ from the terminal olefin via formation
of a π-allyl Pd complex and subsequent β-hydride elimination.
When di-tert-butylthiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxide is
used as nitrogen source, cyclic sulfamides are installed at the terminal
carbons via a dehydrogenative diamination process. When α-methylstyrenes
(lacking homoallylic hydrogens) react with Pd(0) and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone, spirocyclic indolines are formed with generation
of four C–N bonds and one spiro quaternary carbon via allylic
and aromatic C–H amination. With Cu(I) catalysts, various
terminal olefins can be effectively
diaminated at the double bonds using di-tert-butyldiaziridinone,
di-tert-butylthiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxide, and 1,2-di-tert-butyl-3-(cyanimino)-diaziridine as nitrogen sources,
giving a variety of imidazolidinones, cyclic sulfamides, and cyclic
guanidines in good yields, respectively. In the case of monosubstituted
olefins using di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as nitrogen
source, the resulting diamination products (imidazolidinones) are
readily dehydrogenated under the reaction conditions, leading to the
corresponding imidazolinones in good yields. Esters can also be diaminated
to form the corresponding hydantoins with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone in the presence of a Cu(I) catalyst. A radical
mechanism is likely to be operating in these Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction
processes. Asymmetric processes have also been developed for
the Pd(0)- and
Cu(I)-catalyzed diamination reactions. Biologically active compounds
such as (+)-CP-99,994 and Sch 425078 have been synthesized via the
diamination processes. The diamination reactions described herein
provide efficient methods to access a wide variety of vicinal diamines
from readily available olefins and show great potential for synthetic
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard G. Cornwall
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Haifeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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26
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Zhu Y, Xiong T, Han W, Shi Y. Copper-catalyzed oxidative homo- and cross-coupling of Grignard reagents using diaziridinone. Org Lett 2014; 16:6144-7. [PMID: 25420218 PMCID: PMC4260645 DOI: 10.1021/ol5030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are among the most powerful synthetic transformations. This paper describes an efficient copper-catalyzed homo- and cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as oxidant under mild conditions, giving the coupling products in good to excellent yields. The reaction process has a broad substrate scope and is also effective for the C(sp)-C(sp(3)) coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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27
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Zhu Y, Shi Y. Cu(I)-catalyzed sequential diamination and dehydrogenation of terminal olefins: a facile approach to imidazolinones. Chemistry 2014; 20:13901-4. [PMID: 25213994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diamination of olefins presents a powerful strategy to access vicinal diamines. During the last decade, metal-catalyzed diamination of olefins has received considerable attention. This study describes an efficient sequential diamination and dehydrogenation process of terminal olefins with CuBr as catalyst and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as nitrogen source, providing a facile and viable approach to a variety of imidazolin-2-ones, which are important structural motifs present in various biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
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28
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Huguenot F, Delalande C, Vidal M. Metal-free 5-exo-dig cyclization of propargyl urea using TBAF. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Huang CYD, Doyle AG. The chemistry of transition metals with three-membered ring heterocycles. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8153-98. [PMID: 24869559 DOI: 10.1021/cr500036t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Martínez C, Martínez L, Kirsch J, Escudero-Adán EC, Martin E, Muñiz K. Copper-Mediated 1,4-Diamination of 1,3-Butadienes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Zhu Y, Shi Y. A facile copper(I)-catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes to 1,3-diynes with diaziridinone under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7451-4. [PMID: 24089251 PMCID: PMC3864717 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes with diaziridinone as an oxidant is described. Various terminal alkynes can be transformed into the corresponding 1,3-diynes in good yields. The reaction process is base-free, operationally simple, and amenable to the gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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33
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Zhu Y, Shi Y. Facile Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of anilines to azo compounds and hydrazines with diaziridinone under mild conditions. Org Lett 2013; 15:1942-5. [PMID: 23545123 PMCID: PMC3717407 DOI: 10.1021/ol4005917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild and highly efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of anilines is described. Various primary and secondary anilines can be efficiently coupled under mild conditions to the corresponding azo compounds and hydrazines in high yields. This method provides a direct and practical access to these compounds and is also amenable to gram scale with no special precautions to exclude air or moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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34
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Zhu MK, Chen YC, Loh TP. Radical-Mediated Diamination of Alkenes with Phenylhydrazine and Azodicarboxylates: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis oftrans-Diamines from Cycloalkenes. Chemistry 2013; 19:5250-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Zhu Y, Zhao B, Shi Y. Highly efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidation of alcohols to ketones and aldehydes with diaziridinone. Org Lett 2013; 15:992-5. [PMID: 23413952 PMCID: PMC3639298 DOI: 10.1021/ol303431h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidation of alcohols has been achieved with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as the oxidant under mild conditions. A wide variety of primary and secondary alcohols with various functional groups can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones in high yields. The reaction proceeds under neutral conditions making it compatible with acid- or base-sensitive substrates, and it is amenable to gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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36
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Muñiz K, Martínez C. Development of intramolecular vicinal diamination of alkenes: from palladium to bromine catalysis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2168-74. [PMID: 23437968 DOI: 10.1021/jo302472w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Palladium catalysis has been instrumental in the development of the intramolecular diamination of alkenes. Reagent combinations of a palladium catalyst and iodosobenzene diacetate or copper(II) salts, respectively, represent the broad applicability and mechanistic variation. Recent work has established alternative copper and bromine catalysts. The occupation with this reaction has also contributed to the development of high oxidation state metal catalysis in alkene difunctionalization and significantly broadened the spectrum of Pd-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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37
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Cornwall RG, Zhao B, Shi Y. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of cyclic sulfamides from conjugated dienes. Org Lett 2013; 15:796-9. [PMID: 23362985 PMCID: PMC3587789 DOI: 10.1021/ol303469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the catalytic asymmetric diamination of alkyl dienes using N,N'-di-tert-butylthiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxide in the presence of Pd(0) and a chiral phosphoramidite ligand to give cyclic sulfamides in high yield and high ee. The diamination is also amenable to gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Cornwall
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
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38
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Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles via Metal-Catalyzed Alkene Diamination, Aminoalkoxylation, or Dialkoxylation Reactions. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2013_104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Olson DE, Roberts DA, Du Bois J. Synthesis of differentially substituted 1,2-diamines through advances in C-H amination technology. Org Lett 2012; 14:6174-7. [PMID: 23227976 DOI: 10.1021/ol302895f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A general, high yielding method for the synthesis of 1,2-diamine derivatives is described that capitalizes on selective, rhodium-catalyzed C-H insertion of hydroxylamine-based sulfamate esters. The resulting Troc-protected oxathiadiazinane heterocycles are easily modified and can be reduced under the mild action of NaI to afford differentially substituted diamine products. This technology offers a number of salient improvements over related C-H and π-bond amination tactics for diamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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40
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41
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Mahatthananchai J, Dumas AM, Bode JW. Catalytic Selective Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10954-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Motiwala HF, Gülgeze B, Aubé J. Copper-catalyzed oxaziridine-mediated oxidation of C-H bonds. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7005-22. [PMID: 22830300 DOI: 10.1021/jo3012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The highly regio- and chemoselective oxidation of activated C-H bonds has been observed via copper-catalyzed reactions of oxaziridines. The oxidation proceeded with a variety of substrates, primarily comprising allylic and benzylic examples, as well as one example of an otherwise unactivated tertiary C-H bond. The mechanism of the reaction is proposed to involve single-electron transfer to the oxaziridines to generate a copper-bound radical anion, followed by hydrogen atom abstraction and collapse to products, with regeneration of the catalyst by a final single-electron transfer event. The involvement of allylic radical intermediates was supported by a radical-trapping experiment with TEMPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2121 Simons Drive, West Campus, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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43
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Abstract
The 1,2-diamine moiety is a ubiquitous structural motif present in a wealth of natural products, including non-proteinogenic amino acids and numerous alkaloids, as well as in pharmaceutical agents, chiral ligands and organic reagents. The biological activity associated with many of these systems and their chemical utility in general has ensured that the development of methods for their preparation is of critical importance. While a wide range of strategies for the preparation of 1,2-diamines have been established, the diamination of alkenes offers a particularly direct and efficient means of accessing these systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of all methods of direct alkene diamination, metal-mediated or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam de Jong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Daniel G. Nosal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Duncan J. Wardrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
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44
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Jindal G, Sunoj RB. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Chiral Ligands in Asymmetric Diamination Reactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:7045-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Souto JA, González Y, Iglesias A, Zian D, Lishchynskyi A, Muñiz K. Iodine(III)-Promoted Intermolecular Diamination of Alkenes. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1103-11. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Wang YF, Zhu X, Chiba S. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic [3+2]-Annulation of N-Alkenyl Amidines. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3679-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- Division of Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xu Zhu
- Division of Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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47
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Chávez P, Kirsch J, Streuff J, Muñiz K. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Diamination of Acrylic Esters Using Sulfamates as Nitrogen Source. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1922-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Chávez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans,
16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Kirsch
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans,
16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jan Streuff
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans,
16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Lishchynskyi A, Muñiz K. An Approach to the Regioselective Diamination of Conjugated Di- and Trienes. Chemistry 2012; 18:2212-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Chávez P, Kirsch J, Hövelmann CH, Streuff J, Martínez-Belmonte M, Escudero-Adán EC, Martin E, Muñiz K. Metal-free diamination of alkenes employing bromide catalysis. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20242e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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50
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Zhao B, Peng X, Zhu Y, Ramirez TA, Cornwall RG, Shi Y. Cu(I)-catalyzed diamination of conjugated dienes. Complementary regioselectivity from two distinct mechanistic pathways involving Cu(II) and Cu(III) species. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20890-900. [PMID: 22081888 PMCID: PMC3244543 DOI: 10.1021/ja207691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated dienes can be diaminated at the internal and/or terminal double bonds using Cu(I) as catalyst and N,N-di-t-butyldiaziridinone (1) as nitrogen source. The regioselectivity is highly dependent upon the choice of Cu(I) catalyst and the substituents on diene substrates. The diamination likely proceeds via two mechanistically distinct pathways. The N-N bond of N,N-di-t-butyldiaziridinone (1) is first homolytically cleaved by the Cu(I) catalyst to form four-membered Cu(III) species A and Cu(II) radical species B, which are in rapid equilibrium. The internal diamination likely proceeds in a concerted manner via Cu(III) species A, and the terminal diamination likely involves Cu(II) radical species B. Kinetic studies have shown that the diamination is first-order in N,N-di-t-butyldiaziridinone (1), zero-order in olefin, and first-order in total Cu(I) catalyst, and the cleavage of the N-N bond of 1 by the Cu(I) catalyst is the rate-determining step. The internal diamination is favored by use of CuBr without ligand and electron-rich dienes. The terminal diamination is favored when using CuCl-L and dienes with radical-stabilizing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Xingao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Thomas A. Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | | | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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