1
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Curtis BJ, Schwertfeger TJ, Burkhardt RN, Fox BW, Andrzejewski J, Wrobel CJJ, Yu J, Rodrigues PR, Tauffenberger A, Schroeder FC. Oligonucleotide Catabolism-Derived Gluconucleosides in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11611-11621. [PMID: 37192367 PMCID: PMC10536790 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosides are essential cornerstones of life, and nucleoside derivatives and synthetic analogues have important biomedical applications. Correspondingly, production of non-canonical nucleoside derivatives in animal model systems is of particular interest. Here, we report the discovery of diverse glucose-based nucleosides in Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes. Using a mass spectrometric screen based on all-ion fragmentation in combination with total synthesis, we show that C. elegans selectively glucosylates a series of modified purines but not the canonical purine and pyrimidine bases. Analogous to ribonucleosides, the resulting gluconucleosides exist as phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms. The phosphorylated gluconucleosides can be additionally decorated with diverse acyl moieties from amino acid catabolism. Syntheses of representative variants, facilitated by a novel 2'-O- to 3'-O-dibenzyl phosphoryl transesterification reaction, demonstrated selective incorporation of different nucleobases and acyl moieties. Using stable-isotope labeling, we further show that gluconucleosides incorporate modified nucleobases derived from RNA and possibly DNA breakdown, revealing extensive recycling of oligonucleotide catabolites. Gluconucleosides are conserved in other nematodes, and biosynthesis of specific subsets is increased in germline mutants and during aging. Bioassays indicate that gluconucleosides may function in stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Curtis
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tyler J Schwertfeger
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Russell N Burkhardt
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Bennett W Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jude Andrzejewski
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chester J J Wrobel
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jingfang Yu
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pedro R Rodrigues
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Arnaud Tauffenberger
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Jun Yim S, Gyak KW, Kawale SA, Mottafegh A, Park CH, Ko Y, Kim I, Soo Jee S, Kim DP. One-flow Multi-step Synthesis of a Monomer as a Precursor of Thermal-Conductive Semiconductor Packaging Polymer via Multi-phasic Separation. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Razaghpour M, Mohammad Ali Malek R, Montazer M, Ramezanpour S. Cellulose cross-linking with folic acid at room via diverse-based coupling reagents attaining multifunctional features. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120376. [PMID: 36604054 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, cellulose was cross-linked with folic acid (FA) using tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) and carbodiimide (DIC) as coupling reagents through the pad method at room temperature. The interactions between FA and cellulose were proposed and determined with FTIR, and UV-visible also confirmed with nitrogen content. The newly formed ester peak showed the grafting of FA to the cellulose through esterification followed by cellulose cross-linking. The surface morphology of treated fabrics indicated no significant changes and also remained similar after 5 washing cycles. This had no negative impacts on the various physical and mechanical fabric features. The fabric color was changed with reasonable fastness to laundering and light. More FA showed higher N content indicating more bacterial killing for Pseudomonas aeroginosa (Psa) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA). The reasonable viability of L929 and MCF-7 cells showed for treated fabric with FA below 5 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Razaghpour
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), No. 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammad Ali Malek
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), No. 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Majid Montazer
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Functional Fibrous Structures & Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), No. 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Soruor Ramezanpour
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Sturabotti E, Vetica F, Toscano G, Calcaterra A, Martinelli A, Migneco LM, Leonelli F. N-Acetyl-l-phenylalanine Racemization during TBTU Amidation: An In-Depth Study for the Synthesis of Anti-Inflammatory 2-( N-Acetyl)-l-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (NAPA). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020581. [PMID: 36677671 PMCID: PMC9863357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A thorough study on the amidation conditions of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine using TBTU and various bases is reported for the synthesis of 2-(N-acetyl)-l-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (NAPA), a promising drug for the treatment of joints diseases. TBTU-mediated diastereoselective amidation reaction with 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine always gave racemization of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine. The stereochemical retention under amidation conditions was studied in detail in the presence of difference bases and via other control experiments, evidencing the possibility to reduce racemization using pyridine as base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sturabotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (A.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (A.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Maria Migneco
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (A.C.); (F.L.)
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5
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Traboni S, Esposito F, Ziaco M, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. A comprehensive solvent-free approach for the esterification and amidation of carboxylic acids mediated by carbodiimides. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Dong Q, Huang Q, Wang M, Chen H, Zi Y, Huang W. 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Promoted Esterification of Carboxylic Acids under Mild Conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Das K, Majumdar S. Dual Activation of Carboxylic Acid Functionality by Protic Ionic Liquid: Solvent and Metal Free Strategy for Selective Esterification of Alcohols and Acylation of Aromatic Amines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Das
- Department of Chemistry Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 INDIA
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 INDIA
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8
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Strobl S, Hofbauer K, Heine H, Zamyatina A. Lipid A Mimetics Based on Unnatural Disaccharide Scaffold as Potent TLR4 Agonists for Prospective Immunotherapeutics and Adjuvants. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200547. [PMID: 35439332 PMCID: PMC9325513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TLR4 is a key pattern recognition receptor that can sense pathogen- and danger- associated molecular patterns to activate the downstream signaling pathways which results in the upregulation of transcription factors and expression of interferons and cytokines to mediate protective pro-inflammatory responses involved in immune defense. Bacterial lipid A is the primary TLR4 ligand with very complex, species-specific, and barely predictable structure-activity relationships. Given that therapeutic targeting of TLR4 is an emerging tool for management of a variety of human diseases, the development of novel TLR4 activating biomolecules other than lipid A is of vast importance. We report on design, chemical synthesis and immunobiology of novel glycan-based lipid A-mimicking molecules that can activate human and murine TLR4-mediated signaling with picomolar affinity. Exploiting crystal structure - based design we have created novel disaccharide lipid A mimetics (DLAMs) where the inherently flexible β(1→6)-linked diglucosamine backbone of lipid A is exchanged with a conformationally restrained non-reducing βGlcN(1↔1')βGlcN scaffold. Excellent stereoselectivity in a challenging β,β-1,1' glycosylation was achieved by tuning the reactivities of donor and acceptor molecules using protective group manipulation strategy. Divergent streamlined synthesis of β,β-1,1'-linked diglucosamine-derived glycolipids entailing multiple long-chain (R)-3- acyloxyacyl residues and up two three phosphate groups was developed. Specific 3D-molecular shape and conformational rigidity of unnatural β,β-1,1'-linked diglucosamine combined with carefully optimized phosphorylation and acylation pattern ensured efficient induction of the TLR4-mediated signaling in a species-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Strobl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18Vienna1190Austria
| | - Karin Hofbauer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18Vienna1190Austria
| | - Holger Heine
- Research Group Innate ImmunityResearch Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Disease (DZL)Parkallee 22Borstel23845Germany
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18Vienna1190Austria
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9
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Chakraborty M, Waynant KV. Outside-in strategy for peptide-based methacrylate and methacrylamide zwitterionic cross-linkers. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1754-2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyampholyte hydrogels have shown promise as functional biomaterial platforms with resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption (non-biofouling). Yet there are few zwitterionic cross-linkers available to complement these materials and provide an extended charge density throughout the 3D network. Recent development of a peptide-based zwitterionic cross-linker has shown merit. Indeed, the use of functionalizable amino acids allows for a series of peptide-based zwitterionic methacrylate and methacrylamide cross-linkers. Methacrylate additions prior to peptide coupling provides an “outside-in” strategy when using natural L-Serine or L-Lysine as substrates to produce a series of methacrylate and methacrylamide combinations and expand the library of peptide-based cross-linkers. Herein such dipeptide combinations include Ser-Lys; Lys-Ser and Lys-Lys zwitterionic bis(methacrylate/methacrylamide) cross-linkers. Highlighting the utility of the method, and potential to increase the distance between zwitterionic components, the syntheses of tripeptide Lys-Gly-Lys dimethacrylamide and Ser-Gly-Ser dimethacrylate are also shown.
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10
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Burchill L, Williams SJ. From the banal to the bizarre: unravelling immune recognition and response to microbial lipids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:925-940. [PMID: 34989357 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbes produce a rich array of lipidic species that through their location in the cell wall and ability to mingle with host lipids represent a privileged class of immune-active molecules. Lipid-sensing immunity recognizes microbial lipids from pathogens and commensals causing immune responses. Yet microbial lipids are often heterogeneous, in limited supply and in some cases their structures are incompletely defined. Total synthesis can assist in structural determination, overcome supply issues, and provide access to high-purity, homogeneous samples and analogues. This account highlights synthetic approaches to lipidic species from pathogenic and commensal bacteria and fungi that have supported immunological studies involving lipid sensing through the pattern recognition receptor Mincle and cell-mediated immunity through the CD1-T cell axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Burchill
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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11
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Lian P, Li R, Wan X, Xiang Z, Liu H, Cao Z, Wan X. Acetylation of alcohols and amines under visible light irradiation: diacetyl as an acylation reagent and photosensitizer. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented strategy for the acetylation of alcohols and amines using diacetyl as both an acylation reagent and a photosensitizer was well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Nasufović V, Küllmer F, Bößneck J, Dahse H, Görls H, Bellstedt P, Stallforth P, Arndt H. Total Synthesis and Bioactivity Mapping of Geodiamolide H. Chemistry 2021; 27:11633-11642. [PMID: 34032329 PMCID: PMC8453818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the actin-stabilizing marine natural product geodiamolide H was achieved. Solid-phase based peptide assembly paired with scalable stereoselective syntheses of polyketide building blocks and an optimized esterification set the stage for investigating the key ring-closing metathesis. Geodiamolide H and synthetic analogues were characterized for their toxicity and for antiproliferative effects in cellulo, by characterising actin polymerization induction in vitro, and by docking on the F-actin target and property computation in silico, for a better understanding of structure-activity relationships (SAR). A non-natural analogue of geodiamolide H was discovered to be most potent in the series, suggesting significant potential for tool compound design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Nasufović
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU)Humboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Florian Küllmer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU)Humboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Johanna Bößneck
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU)Humboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Hans‐Martin Dahse
- Abteilungen Infektionsbiologie und PaläobiotechnologieLeibniz-Institut für Naturstoffforschung – Hans-Knöll-InstitutBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU)Humboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- NMR-PlattformFriedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU)Humboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Abteilungen Infektionsbiologie und PaläobiotechnologieLeibniz-Institut für Naturstoffforschung – Hans-Knöll-InstitutBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Hans‐Dieter Arndt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU)Humboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
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13
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Anjum S, Ishaque S, Fatima H, Farooq W, Hano C, Abbasi BH, Anjum I. Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080707. [PMID: 34451803 PMCID: PMC8401281 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare, as a basic human right, has often become the focus of the development of innovative technologies. Technological progress has significantly contributed to the provision of high-quality, on-time, acceptable, and affordable healthcare. Advancements in nanoscience have led to the emergence of a new generation of nanostructures. Each of them has a unique set of properties that account for their astonishing applications. Since its inception, nanotechnology has continuously affected healthcare and has exerted a tremendous influence on its transformation, contributing to better outcomes. In the last two decades, the world has seen nanotechnology taking steps towards its omnipresence and the process has been accelerated by extensive research in various healthcare sectors. The inclusion of nanotechnology and its allied nanocarriers/nanosystems in medicine is known as nanomedicine, a field that has brought about numerous benefits in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Various nanosystems have been found to be better candidates for theranostic purposes, in contrast to conventional ones. This review paper will shed light on medically significant nanosystems, as well as their applications and limitations in areas such as gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and in the treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Although nanotechnology holds immense potential, it is yet to be exploited. More efforts need to be directed to overcome these limitations and make full use of its potential in order to revolutionize the healthcare sector in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-300-6957038
| | - Sara Ishaque
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Hijab Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Wajiha Farooq
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAe USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Iram Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
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14
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Chakraborty M, Haag SL, Bernards MT, Waynant KV. Synthesis of a zwitterionic N-Ser-Ser-C dimethacrylate cross-linker and evaluation in polyampholyte hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5508-5518. [PMID: 34232245 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyampholyte hydrogels are attractive materials for tissue engineering scaffolds as they offer a wide variety of features including nonfouling, selective protein delivery, and tunable physical characteristics. However, to improve the potential performance of these materials for in vivo applications, there is a need for a higher diversity of zwitterionic cross-linker species to replace commonly used ethylene glycol (EG) based chemistries. Towards this end, the synthesis of a dipeptide based zwitterionic cross-linker, N-Ser-Ser-C dimethacrylate (S-S) from N-Boc-l-serine is presented. The strategy utilized a convergent coupling of methacrylated serine partners followed by careful global deprotection to yield the zwitterionic cross-linker with good overall yields. This novel cross-linker was incorporated into a polyampholyte hydrogel and its physical properties and biocompatibility were compared against a polyampholyte hydrogel synthesized with an EG-based cross-linker. The S-S cross-linked hydrogel demonstrated excellent nonfouling performance, while promoting enhanced cellular adhesion to fibrinogen delivered from the hydrogel. Therefore, the results suggest that the S-S cross-linker will demonstrate superior future performance for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie L Haag
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Matthew T Bernards
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
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15
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Assali M, Shawahna R, Alhawareen R, Najajreh H, Rabaya O, Faroun M, Zyoud A, Hilal H. Self-assembly of diclofenac prodrug into nanomicelles for enhancing the anti-inflammatory activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22433-22438. [PMID: 35480812 PMCID: PMC9034210 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of various types of inflammatory conditions. Diclofenac is a very common NSAID that is utilized to relieve pain and reduce fever and, most importantly, inflammation. However, it suffers from low water solubility and a low dissolution profile. Therefore, we aim to develop a new drug delivery system based on the synthesis of amphiphilic structures that are capable of self assembling into nano-micelles which will be a water-soluble delivery system for the diclofenac. The amphiphilic structure consists of a hydrophilic moiety of triethylene glycol (TEG), polyethylene glycol PEG 400, or PEG 600 linked with the hydrophobic drug diclofenac through an ester linkage. The diclofenac derivatives were successfully synthesized as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, the formation of the micellar structure of the synthesized amphiphilic derivatives was confirmed by atomic force microscopy obtaining a spherical shape of the micelles with average diameters of 200 nm for Dic-PEG400-Dic, and 110 nm for Dic-PEG600-Dic. The critical micelle concentration has been determined as 2.7 × 10-3 mg mL-1 for Dic-PEG400-Dic, and 1 × 10-4 mg mL-1 for Dic-PEG600-Dic. The in vitro diclofenac release profile by esterase enzyme was conducted and showed almost complete conversion to free diclofenac within 35 h in the case of Dic-PEG400-Dic micelles and more than 85% of Dic-PEG600-Dic micelles. Then the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by testing the TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated Balb/c mice. Diclofenac micelles significantly suppressed TNF-α production after a 5 mg kg-1 dose was given. The developed micelles showed TNF-α inhibition up to 87.4% and 84% after 48 hours of treatment in the case of Dic-PEG400-Dic and Dic-PEG600-Dic micelles respectively in comparison to 42.3% in the case of diclofenac alone. Dic-PEG400-Dic micelles showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity with improved TNF-α suppression through time progress. Therefore, the developed nano-micelles provide a facile synthetic approach to enhance diclofenac water solubility, improve the anti-inflammatory effect and achieve a sustained release profile to get better patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Raeda Alhawareen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Haifa Najajreh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Oraib Rabaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Maryam Faroun
- The Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Materials Engineering Department, Al-Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Hikmat Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
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16
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Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Tao S, Li X, Cheng X, Jiang G, Wan X. Green Esterification of Carboxylic Acids Promoted by
tert
‐Butyl Nitrite. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Suyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xionglve Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Gangzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
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17
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Kakwere H, Zhang H, Ingham ES, Nura-Raie M, Tumbale SK, Allen R, Tam SM, Wu B, Liu C, Kheirolomoom A, Fite BZ, Ilovitsh A, Lewis JS, Ferrara KW. Systemic Immunotherapy with Micellar Resiquimod-Polymer Conjugates Triggers a Robust Antitumor Response in a Breast Cancer Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100008. [PMID: 33646600 PMCID: PMC8153207 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod is an immunopotent toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist with antitumor activity. Despite being potent against skin cancers, it is poorly tolerated systemically due to toxicity. Integrating resiquimod into nanoparticles presents an avenue to circumvent the toxicity problem. Herein, the preparation of degradable nanoparticles with covalently bound resiquimod and their systemic application in cancer immunotherapy is reported. Dispersion in water of amphiphilic constructs integrating resiquimod covalently bound via degradable amide or ester linkages yields immune-activating nanoparticles. The degradable agonist-nanoparticle bonds allow the release of resiquimod from the carrier nanoparticles. In vitro assays with antigen presenting cells demonstrate that the nanoparticles retain the immunostimulatory activity of resiquimod. Systemic administration of the nanoparticles and checkpoint blockade (aPD-1) to a breast cancer mouse model with multiple established tumors triggers antitumor activity evidenced by suppressed tumor growth and enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Nanoparticles with ester links, which hydrolyze more readily, yield a stronger immune response with 75% of tumors eliminated when combined with aPD-1. The reduced tumor growth and the presence of activated CD8+ T-cells across multiple tumors suggest the potential for treating metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Kakwere
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marina Nura-Raie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Riley Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Asaf Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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18
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From Natural Products to New Synthetic Small Molecules: A Journey through the World of Xanthones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020431. [PMID: 33467544 PMCID: PMC7829950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews the contributions of the corresponding author (M.M.M.P.) and her research group to Medicinal Chemistry concerning the isolation from plant and marine sources of xanthone derivatives as well as their synthesis, biological/pharmacological activities, formulation and analytical applications. Although her group activity has been spread over several chemical families with relevance in Medicinal Chemistry, the main focus of the investigation and research has been in the xanthone family. Xanthone derivatives have a variety of activities with great potential for therapeutic applications due to their versatile framework. The group has contributed with several libraries of xanthones derivatives, with a variety of activities such as antitumor, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and multidrug resistance reversal effects. Besides therapeutic applications, our group has also developed xanthone derivatives with analytical applications as chiral selectors for liquid chromatography and for maritime application as antifouling agents for marine paints. Chemically, it has been challenging to afford green chemistry methods and achieve enantiomeric purity of chiral derivatives. In this review, the structures of the most significant compounds will be presented.
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19
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Xiao Y, Chun YK, Cheng SC, Ng CO, Tse MK, Lei NY, Liu R, Ko CC. Photocatalytic amidation and esterification with perfluoroalkyl iodide. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of excited-state properties and mechanistic study on visible-light induced photocatalytic amidation and esterification with perfluoroalkyl halides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Yuen-Kiu Chun
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chi-On Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Ngai-Yu Lei
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
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20
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Esposito A, D’Alonzo D, D’Errico S, De Gregorio E, Guaragna A. Toward the Identification of Novel Antimicrobial Agents: One-Pot Synthesis of Lipophilic Conjugates of N-Alkyl d- and l-Iminosugars. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E572. [PMID: 33228211 PMCID: PMC7699595 DOI: 10.3390/md18110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of iminosugars, we report the synthesis of lipophilic iminosugars 10a-b and 11a-b based on the one-pot conjugation of both enantiomeric forms of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ) and N-nonyloxypentyldeoxynojirimycin (NPDNJ) with cholesterol and a succinic acid model linker. The conjugation reaction was tuned using the established PS-TPP/I2/ImH activating system, which provided the desired compounds in high yields (94-96%) by a one-pot procedure. The substantial increase in the lipophilicity of 10a-b and 11a-b is supposed to improve internalization within the bacterial cell, thereby potentially leading to enhanced antimicrobial properties. However, assays are currently hampered by solubility problems; therefore, alternative administration strategies will need to be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (D.D.)
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (D.D.)
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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21
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El-Faham A, Albericio F, Manne SR, de la Torre BG. OxymaPure Coupling Reagents: Beyond Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOxymaPure [ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate] is an exceptional reagent with which to suppress racemization and enhance coupling efficiency during amide bond formation. The tremendous popularity of OxymaPure has led to the development of several Oxyma-based reagents. OxymaPure and its derived reagents are widely used in solid- and solution-phase peptide chemistry. This review summarizes the recent developments and applications of OxymaPure and Oxyma-based reagents in peptide chemistry, in particular in solution-phase chemistry. Moreover, the side reaction associated with OxymaPure is also discussed.1 Introduction2 Oxyma-Based Coupling Reagents2.1 Aminium/Uronium Salts of OxymaPure2.2 Phosphonium Salts of OxymaPure2.3 Oxyma-Based Phosphates2.4 Sulfonate Esters of OxymaPure2.5 Benzoate Esters of OxymaPure2.6 Carbonates of OxymaPure Derivatives3 OxymaPure Derivatives4 Other Oxime-Based Additives and Coupling Reagents5 Side Reactions Using OxymaPure Derivatives6 Conclusion7 List of Abbreviations
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University,
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona
| | - Srinivasa Rao Manne
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal
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22
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Hanifi S, Farahmandghavi F, Imani M. RAFT-derived siloxane-based amphiphilic triblock copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Smith DGM, Hosono Y, Nagata M, Yamasaki S, Williams SJ. Design of potent Mincle signalling agonists based on an alkyl β-glucoside template. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4292-4295. [PMID: 32182321 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune receptor Mincle senses lipid-based molecules derived from pathogens, commensals and altered self. Based on emerging structure-activity relationships we design simple alkyl 6-O-acyl-β-d-glucosides that are effective agonists of Mincle and signal with potency on par with the prototypical ligand trehalose dimycolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G M Smith
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia.
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24
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Ikkene D, Arteni A, Song H, Laroui H, Six JL, Ferji K. Synthesis of dextran-based chain transfer agent for RAFT-mediated polymerization and glyco-nanoobjects formulation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Solution-phase synthesis of the fluorogenic TGase 2 acyl donor Z-Glu(HMC)-Gly-OH and its use for inhibitor and amine substrate characterisation. Anal Biochem 2020; 595:113612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Gan CH, Wijaya H, Li LH, Wei CF, Peng YJ, Wu SH, Hua KF, Lam Y. H-Phosphonate Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an Immunomodulatory Phosphoglycolipid from Thermophilic Bacteria. Org Lett 2020; 22:2569-2573. [PMID: 32202806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of bacterial phosphoglycolipid, PGL-1, is described. Key features of the synthesis include regioselective esterification of the primary alcohol of the diacylglycerol moiety and an H-phosphonate method to install the phosphate in PGL-1 in comparison with earlier reported procedures. A representative set of PGL-1 analogues was prepared and evaluated for their biological activities. Results showed that the immunological activity of PGL-1 is dependent on the chain lengths of the fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Heng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hadhi Wijaya
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, No 100, Kunming Street, Taipei 10844, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, No 1 Sec 1 Shennong Road, Yilan County 260, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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27
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Ghosh S, Banerjee J, Ghosh R, Chattopadhyay SK. A metal-free iodine-mediated conversion of hydroxamates to esters. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1737130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Jeet Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Rajat Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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28
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Das D, Rajkumari K, Rokhum L. Polymer-Bound Triphenylphosphine and 4,4'-Dinitroazobenzene as a Coupling Reagents for Chromatography-Free Esterification Reaction. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:1024-1031. [PMID: 31984883 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190919152424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Sustainable production of fine chemicals both in industries and pharmaceuticals heavily depends on the application of solid-phase synthesis route coupled with microwave technologies due to their environmentally benign nature. In this report, a microwave-assisted esterification reaction using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine and 4,4'-dinitroazobenzene reagent system was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The solvents were obtained from Merck India. Polymer-bound triphenylphosphine (~3 mmol triphenylphosphine moiety/g) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The progress of the reaction was observed by thin-layer chromatography. All the reactions were performed in Milestones StartSYNTH microwave. The NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance III 300, 400, and 500 MHz FT NMR Spectrometers. Using azo compound and polymer-bound triphenyl phosphine as a coupling reagent, esterification of different carboxylic acids with alcohols was performed under microwave irradiation. RESULTS Esterification of benzoic acid with 1-propanol under microwave irradiation gave a high yield of 92% propyl benzoate in 60 minutes only. Isolation of the ester products was relatively simple as both the byproducts polymer-bound triphenylphosphine oxide and hydrazine could be removed by simple filtration. The rates of reactions were found to be directly proportional to the pKa of the benzoic acids. CONCLUSION 4,4'-Dinitroazobenzene was introduced as a novel coupling reagent, in conjugation with polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, for esterification reactions under microwave irradiation. The low moisture sensitivity of the reaction system, easy separation of the byproducts, and column chromatographyfree isolation of esters help our methods with application significance, particularly from the 'Sustainable Chemistry' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diparjun Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Rajkumari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Lalthazuala Rokhum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
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29
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Mandal AK. Dendrimers in targeted drug delivery applications: a review of diseases and cancer. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1713780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu Kumar Mandal
- Central Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, India
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30
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Abronina PI, Malysheva NN, Zinin AI, Kolotyrkina NG, Stepanova EV, Kononov LO. Catalyst-free regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in partially protected and unprotected thioglycosides with acetic acid. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36836-36842. [PMID: 35517942 PMCID: PMC9057154 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in thioglycoside derivatives with gluco- and galacto-configurations was achieved by treatment with aqueous or anhydrous acetic acid (60–100% AcOH) at elevated temperatures (80–118 °C), avoiding complex, costly and time-consuming manipulations with protective groups. Acetylation of both 4,6-O-benzylidene acetals and the corresponding diols as well as the unprotected tetraol with AcOH was shown to lead selectively to formation of 6-O-acetyl derivatives. For example, the treatment of phenyl 1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside with anhydrous AcOH at 80 °C for 24 h gave the corresponding 6-O-acetylated derivative in 47% yield (71% based on the reacted starting material) and unreacted starting tetraol in 34% yield, which can easily be recovered by silica gel chromatography and reused in further acetylation. Highly regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in thioglycoside derivatives was achieved by treatment with aqueous or anhydrous acetic acid (60–100%) at elevated temperatures (80–118 °C), avoiding manipulations with protective groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina I. Abronina
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N. Malysheva
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Natalya G. Kolotyrkina
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences
| | - Leonid O. Kononov
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
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31
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Wang G, Xiong B, Zhou C, Liu Y, Xu W, Yang C, Tang K, Wong W. Copper‐Catalyzed Diphenylation of P(O)‐OH Bonds with Cyclic Diaryliodonium Salts. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4365-4374. [PMID: 31646736 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
| | - Biquan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
| | - Chang‐An Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang 414006 P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
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32
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Fan HY. Regioselective synthesis and structures of anti-cancer 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1962-1970. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1569007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Fan
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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33
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Poryvai A, Vojtylová-Jurkovičová T, Šmahel M, Kolderová N, Tomášková P, Sýkora D, Kohout M. Determination of Optical Purity of Lactic Acid-Based Chiral Liquid Crystals and Corresponding Building Blocks by Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061099. [PMID: 30897743 PMCID: PMC6471377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are among the most prominent materials of the current information age, mainly due to their well-known application in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Their unique electro-optical properties stem from their ability to form organised structures (mesophases) on the transition from solid state to isotropic liquid. Molecules of LCs in a mesophase still maintain the anisotropy of solid crystals, while simultaneously exhibiting the fluidity of liquids, which gives the system the ability to react immediately to external stimuli such as electric or magnetic fields, light, mechanical stress, pressure and, of course, temperature. For the proper function of LC-based devices, not only chemical, but also optical purity of materials is strongly desirable, since any impurity could be detrimental to the self-assembly of the molecules. Therefore, in this study we aimed to verify synthetic methods published in the literature, which are used nowadays to prepare chiral building blocks based on lactic acid, for their enantioselectivity. Moreover, we have focused on the development of an analytical chiral separation method for target liquid crystalline materials. Using a chiral polysaccharide-based column operated in liquid chromatography mode, we show that not all published methods of LC synthesis are enantioselective, which could lead to significant differences in the properties of the resulting materials. We show that high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and supercritical fluid chromatography with UV and mass spectrometry detection enable full control over the chemical and optical purity of the target LCs and the corresponding chiral building blocks. For the first time, we utilise supercritical fluid chromatography with mass detection for the direct chiral analysis of liquid crystalline materials and impurities formed during the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poryvai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Michal Šmahel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Natalie Kolderová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Tomášková
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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34
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Fernandes C, Carraro ML, Ribeiro J, Araújo J, Tiritan ME, Pinto MMM. Synthetic Chiral Derivatives of Xanthones: Biological Activities and Enantioselectivity Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:E791. [PMID: 30813236 PMCID: PMC6412826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many naturally occurring xanthones are chiral and present a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Some of them have been exhaustively studied and subsequently, obtained by synthesis. In order to obtain libraries of compounds for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies as well as to improve the biological activity, new bioactive analogues and derivatives inspired in natural prototypes were synthetized. Bioactive natural xanthones compromise a large structural multiplicity of compounds, including a diversity of chiral derivatives. Thus, recently an exponential interest in synthetic chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) has been witnessed. The synthetic methodologies can afford structures that otherwise could not be reached within the natural products for biological activity and SAR studies. Another reason that justifies this trend is that both enantiomers can be obtained by using appropriate synthetic pathways, allowing the possibility to perform enantioselectivity studies. In this work, a literature review of synthetic CDXs is presented. The structures, the approaches used for their synthesis and the biological activities are described, emphasizing the enantioselectivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Maria Letícia Carraro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Araújo
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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35
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Marx D, Wingen LM, Schnakenburg G, Müller CE, Scholz MS. Fast, Efficient, and Versatile Synthesis of 6-amino-5-carboxamidouracils as Precursors for 8-Substituted Xanthines. Front Chem 2019; 7:56. [PMID: 30834241 PMCID: PMC6387921 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted xanthine derivatives are important bioactive molecules. Herein we report on a new, practical synthesis of 6-amino-5-carboxamidouracils, the main building blocks for the preparation of 8-substituted xanthines, by condensation of 5,6-diaminouracil derivatives and various carboxylic acids using the recently developed non-hazardous coupling reagent COMU (1-[(1-(cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylideneaminooxy)dimethylaminomorpholinomethylene)]methanaminium hexafluorophosphate). Optimized reaction conditions led to the precipitation of pure products after only 5 to 10 min of reaction time. The method tolerates a variety of substituted 5,6-diaminouracil and carboxylic acid derivatives as starting compounds resulting in most cases in more than 80% isolated yield. Regioselectivity of the reaction yielding only the 5-carboxamido-, but not the 6-carboxamidouracil derivatives, was unambiguously confirmed by single X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR experiments. The described method represents a convenient, fast access to direct precursors of 8-substituted xanthines under mild conditions without the necessity of hazardous coupling or chlorinating reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marx
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas M Wingen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias S Scholz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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36
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Dimakos V, Taylor MS. Site-Selective Functionalization of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11457-11517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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37
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Baral ER, Lee JH, Kim JG. Diphenyl Carbonate: A Highly Reactive and Green Carbonyl Source for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11768-11776. [PMID: 30187751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical, safe, and highly efficient carbonylation system involving a diphenyl carbonate, an organocatalyst, and various diols is presented herein and produces highly valuable cyclic carbonates. In reactions with a wide range of diols, diphenyl carbonate was activated by bicyclic guanidine 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as a catalyst, which successfully replaced highly toxic and unstable phosgene or its derivatives while maintaining the desired high reactivity. Moreover, this new system can be used to synthesize sterically demanding cyclic carbonates such as tetrasubstituted pinacol carbonates, which are not accessible via other conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Baral
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Dongguk University , Gyeongju 38066 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
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38
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Anwar DM, Khattab SN, Helmy MW, Kamal MK, Bekhit AA, Elkhodairy KA, Elzoghby AO. Lactobionic/Folate Dual-Targeted Amphiphilic Maltodextrin-Based Micelles for Targeted Codelivery of Sulfasalazine and Resveratrol to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3026-3041. [PMID: 30110148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, promising approaches of dual-targeted micelles and drug-polymer conjugation were combined to enable injection of poorly soluble anticancer drugs together with site-specific drug release. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a hepatoprotective agent was grafted to maltodextrin (MD) via carbodiimide coupling to develop amphiphilic maltodextrin-ursodeoxycholic acid (MDCA)-based micelles. Sulfasalazine (SSZ), as a novel anticancer agent, was conjugated via a tumor-cleavable ester bond to MD backbone to obtain tumor-specific release, whereas resveratrol (RSV) was physically entrapped within the hydrophobic micellar core. For maximal tumor-targeting, both folic acid (FA) and lactobionic acid (LA) were coupled to the surface of micelles to obtain dual-targeted micelles. The decrease of critical micelle concentration (CMC) from 0.012 to 0.006 mg/mL declares the significance of a dual hydrophobicized core of micelles by both UDCA and SSZ. The dual-targeted micelles showed a great hemocompatibility, as well as enhanced cytotoxicity and internalization into HepG-2 liver cancer cells via binding to overexpressed folate and asialoglycoprotein receptors. In vivo, the micelles demonstrated superior antitumor effects revealed as reduction in the liver/body weight ratio, inhibition of angiogenesis, and enhanced apoptosis. Overall, combined strategies of dual active targeted micelles with bioresponsive drug conjugation could be utilized as a promising approach for tumor-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry and #Department of Oceanography , Faculty of Science, Alexandria University , Alexandria 21321 , Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University , Damanhour 22516 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Kamal
- Department of Toxicology , Central Laboratories of Alexandria, Health Affairs Directorate , Alexandria 21518 , Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences , University of Bahrain , P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139
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39
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Carli S, Trapella C, Armirotti A, Fantinati A, Ottonello G, Scarpellini A, Prato M, Fadiga L, Ricci D. Biochemically Controlled Release of Dexamethasone Covalently Bound to PEDOT. Chemistry 2018; 24:10300-10305. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Carli
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Univeristy of Ferrara; 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Facility; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Univeristy of Ferrara; 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Giuliana Ottonello
- Analytical Chemistry Facility; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Alice Scarpellini
- Electron Microscopy Facility; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Davide Ricci
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 44121 Ferrara Italy
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40
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Albericio F, El-Faham A. Choosing the Right Coupling Reagent for Peptides: A Twenty-Five-Year Journey. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road,
Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426,
Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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41
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Thapa B, Diaz-Diestra D, Santiago-Medina C, Kumar N, Tu K, Beltran-Huarac J, Jadwisienczak WM, Weiner BR, Morell G. T 1- and T 2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Dual Contrast by Single Core Truncated Cubic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Abrupt Cellular Internalization and Immune Evasion. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:79-89. [PMID: 30094416 PMCID: PMC6077774 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Conventional T1- or T2-weighted single mode
contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may produce false
results. Thereby, there is a need to develop dual contrast agents,
T1- and T2-weighted, for more accurate MRI imaging.
The dual contrast agents should possess high magnetic resonance (MR)
relaxivities, targeted tumor linking, and minimum recognition by the
immune system. We have developed nitrodopamine-PEG grafted single
core truncated cubic iron oxide nanoparticles (ND-PEG-tNCIOs) capable
of producing marked dual contrasts in MRI with enhanced longitudinal
and transverse relaxivities of 32 ± 1.29 and 791 ± 38.39
mM–1 s–1, respectively. Furthermore,
the ND-PEG-tNCIOs show excellent colloidal stability in physiological
buffers and higher cellular internalization in cancerous cells than
in phagocytic cells, indicating the immune evasive capability of the
nanoparticles. These findings indicate that tNCIOs are strong candidates
for dual contrast MRI imaging, which is vital for noninvasive real-time
detection of nascent cancer cells in vivo and for monitoring stem
cells transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Thapa
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Daysi Diaz-Diestra
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Carlene Santiago-Medina
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Nitu Kumar
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States
| | - Kaixiong Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Juan Beltran-Huarac
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5810, United States
| | - Wojciech M Jadwisienczak
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2769, United States
| | - Brad R Weiner
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
| | - Gerardo Morell
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926-2614, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2537, United States
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42
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Ukrainets IV, Burian AA, Baumer VN, Shishkina SV, Sidorenko LV, Tugaibei IA, Voloshchuk NI, Bondarenko PS. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Biological Activity of Ethyl 4-Methyl-2,2-dioxo-1 H-2λ⁶,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate Polymorphic Forms. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86020021. [PMID: 29848976 PMCID: PMC6027672 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuing the search for new potential analgesics among the derivatives of 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid, the possibility of obtaining its esters by the alkylation of the corresponding sodium salt with iodoethane in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature was studied. It was found that under such conditions, together with the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, a heteroatom of nitrogen is also alkylated. Therefore, the product of the reaction studied is a mixture of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate (major) and its 1-ethyl-substituted analog (minor). A simple but very effective method of preparative separation of these compounds was proposed. Moreover, the heterogeneous crystallization from ethanol was revealed to result in a monoclinic polymorphic form of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate, while the homogeneous crystallization results in its orthorhombic form. The molecular and crystal structures of both forms were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the phase purity by powder diffraction study. The pharmacological tests carried out on the model of a carrageenan edema showed that the screening dose of 20 mg/kg of 1-ethyl-substituted ester and the orthorhombic form of its analog unsubstituted in position 1 exhibited weak anti-inflammatory and moderate analgesic effects. At the same time, the monoclinic form of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate appeared to be both a powerful analgesic and an anti-inflammatory agent that exceeded Piroxicam and Meloxicam in the same doses by these indicators. A detailed comparative analysis of the molecular and crystal structures of two polymorphic forms of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate was carried out using quantum chemical calculations of the energies of pairwise interactions between molecules. An explanation of the essential differences of their biological properties based on this was offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Ukrainets
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska st., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Anna A Burian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska st., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Vyacheslav N Baumer
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauki ave., 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Svitlana V Shishkina
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauki ave., 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61077 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Lyudmila V Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska st., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Igor A Tugaibei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Forensic Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 58 Amosov st., 61176 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Natali I Voloshchuk
- Department of Pharmacology, N. I. Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, 56 Pirogov st., 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine.
| | - Pavlo S Bondarenko
- Department of Pharmacology, N. I. Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, 56 Pirogov st., 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine.
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43
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Richardson MB, Brown DB, Vasquez CA, Ziller JW, Johnston KM, Weiss GA. Synthesis and Explosion Hazards of 4-Azido-l-phenylalanine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4525-4536. [PMID: 29577718 PMCID: PMC6008159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A reliable, scalable, cost-effective, and chromatography-free synthesis of 4-azido-l-phenylalanine beginning from l-phenylalanine is described. Investigations into the safety of the synthesis reveal that the Ullman-like Cu(I)-catalyzed azidation step does not represent a significant risk. The isolated 4-azido-l-phenylalanine product, however, exhibits previously undocumented explosive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Derek B. Brown
- Amgen Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA
| | - Carlos A. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Kevin M. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
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44
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Glaus F, Dedić D, Tare P, Nagaraja V, Rodrigues L, Aínsa JA, Kunze J, Schneider G, Hartkoorn RC, Cole ST, Altmann KH. Total Synthesis of Ripostatin B and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies on Ripostatin Analogs. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glaus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Darija Dedić
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Priyanka Tare
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Aínsa
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Kunze
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Nannini LJ, Nemat SJ, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Sarcophytin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:823-826. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo J. Nannini
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zurich, HCl H335 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Suren J. Nemat
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zurich, HCl H335 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zurich, HCl H335 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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46
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Xiong B, Wang G, Zhou C, Liu Y, Zhang P, Tang K. Bu4NI-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Diaryl Phosphinic Acids with C(sp3)–H Bonds of Arenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:993-999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biquan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, P. R. China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, P. R. China
| | - Panliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, P. R. China
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47
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Lin B, Shi S, Cui Y, Liu Y, Tang G, Zhao Y. Oxidative C(sp3)–H amidation of tertiary arylamines with nitriles. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00794b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first amidation of tertiary arylamines with nitriles via a cascade dehydrogenation/heterocoupling/addition reaction has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binzhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yiqun Cui
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yupei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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48
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Salaklang J, Maes V, Conradi M, Dams R, Junkers T. Direct synthesis of acrylate monomers in heterogeneous continuous flow processes. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, safe and convenient laboratory scale continuous flow process for synthesis of (meth)acrylate monomers is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Salaklang
- Institute for Materials Research
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Universiteit Hasselt
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Veronique Maes
- Institute for Materials Research
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Universiteit Hasselt
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Matthias Conradi
- Materials Resource Division
- 3M Belgium BVBA
- BE-2070 Zwijndrecht
- Belgium
| | - Rudy Dams
- Materials Resource Division
- 3M Belgium BVBA
- BE-2070 Zwijndrecht
- Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Universiteit Hasselt
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
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49
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Hou F, Wang XC, Quan ZJ. Efficient synthesis of esters through oxone-catalyzed dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9472-9476. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly oxone (20 mol%) catalyzed esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols has been developed, providing an attractive alternative to the construction of valuable carbonyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
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50
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Yamada K, Liu J, Kunishima M. Development of triazine-based esterifying reagents containing pyridines as a nucleophilic catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6569-6575. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel esterifying reagent containing a nucleophilic catalyst, DMT-3,5-LUT, enables the synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Medical
- Pharmaceutical
- and Health Sciences
- Kanazawa University
| | - Jie Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Medical
- Pharmaceutical
- and Health Sciences
- Kanazawa University
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Medical
- Pharmaceutical
- and Health Sciences
- Kanazawa University
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