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Sawalha S, Assali M, Nasasrah A, Salman M, Nasasrah M, Jitan M, Hilal HS, Zyoud A. Correction: Optical properties and photoactivity of carbon nanodots synthesized from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures. RSC Adv 2022; 12:36072. [PMID: 36545066 PMCID: PMC9756937 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra90127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1RA09273A.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sawalha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Ameerah Nasasrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Maha Salman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Majd Nasasrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Madleen Jitan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Hikmat S. Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National UniversityNablusPalestine
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Nassar H, Zyoud A, Helal HH, Ghannam H, Woo Kim T, Helal MH, Hilal HS. Fluorine tin oxide-supported copper nanofilms as effective and selective de-nitration electrocatalysts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nassar H, Zyoud A, Helal HHS, Kim TW, Hilal HS. Effective and selective electroreduction of aqueous nitrate catalyzed by copper particles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Environ Manage 2022; 305:114420. [PMID: 34998066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drinking-water contamination with nitrate ions is inevitable and wide spreading, which demands feasible removal. Water de-nitration by potentiostatic electroreduction is described here. A novel electrocatalyst based on nano-copper particles, supported onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and spray-deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide-glass substrates, is described. The Cu/MWCNT/FTO electrode has been characterized by several methods and assessed as a working electrode in aqueous nitrate ion electroreduction, in comparison with MWCNT sprayed on FTO (MWCNT/FTO) with no copper. Comparison with earlier reported electrodes is also described. XRD patterns confirm the presence of nano-copper crystallites, in the electrode, with average size ⁓45 nm. Within 2 h of electrolysis, Cu/MWVNT/FTO exhibits more than 65% removal of nitrate at -1.80 V (vs. SCE). In longer time (7 h) the electrode completely converts the nitrate into N2 (∼65%) and (NH4+) ∼35% with no NO2- ions. The kinetics show 0.76 order with respect to nitrate, and a rate constant 4.53 × 10-2 min-1 higher than earlier counterparts. The new electrode functions under various conditions of temperature, pH, electrolyte type and concentration and inter-electrode spacing, only at ambient applied potential. Moreover, the electrode exhibits stability under nitrate electroreduction conditions, and can be recovered and reused for multiple times without efficiency loss. XRD and EDS results also confirm the electrode stability after multiple reuse. Compared to earlier systems, the Cu/MWCNT/FTO is environmentally stable, safe, non-costly with high nitrate removal efficiency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Nassar
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hamza H S Helal
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Hikmat S Hilal
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Naseef O, Muwafi K, Matar A. Salivary Lead Levels among Workers in Different Industrial Areas in the West Bank of Palestine: a Cross-Sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4410-4417. [PMID: 33394307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a biofluid that can easily be obtained and used for biomonitoring lead levels in occupationally and environmentally exposed individuals. The aims of this study were to determine salivary lead levels among workers in different industrial areas in the West Bank of Palestine and investigate the association between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the workers and their salivary lead levels. Salivary samples were obtained from workers in different industrial areas in metal-free polyethylene tubes. The samples were analyzed for their lead contents using a pre-validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. A total of 97 salivary samples were analyzed. The median salivary lead level was 1.84 μg/dL an IQR of 5.04 μg/dL. Salivary lead levels were significantly higher in workers who were 40 years and older (p value = 0.031), had 3 children or more (p value = 0.048), worked in repair workshops (p value = 0.012), worked in industrial areas for 20 years or more (p value = 0.048), did not consume fruits on regular basis (p value = 0.031), and smoked for 30 years or more (p value = 0.013). Multiple linear regression showed that smoking of 30 years old or more was a significant (p value < 0.001) predictor of higher salivary lead levels. Salivary lead levels among workers from different industrial areas of the West Bank were comparable to those occupationally exposed to lead in more industrialized and urbanized areas of the world. Smoking was a predictor of higher salivary lead levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
- An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Omar Naseef
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Kamil Muwafi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Abdullah Matar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Assali M, Shawahna R, Alhawareen R, Najajreh H, Rabaya O, Faroun M, Zyoud A, Hilal H. Self-assembly of diclofenac prodrug into nanomicelles for enhancing the anti-inflammatory activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22433-22438. [PMID: 35480812 PMCID: PMC9034210 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of various types of inflammatory conditions. Diclofenac is a very common NSAID that is utilized to relieve pain and reduce fever and, most importantly, inflammation. However, it suffers from low water solubility and a low dissolution profile. Therefore, we aim to develop a new drug delivery system based on the synthesis of amphiphilic structures that are capable of self assembling into nano-micelles which will be a water-soluble delivery system for the diclofenac. The amphiphilic structure consists of a hydrophilic moiety of triethylene glycol (TEG), polyethylene glycol PEG 400, or PEG 600 linked with the hydrophobic drug diclofenac through an ester linkage. The diclofenac derivatives were successfully synthesized as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, the formation of the micellar structure of the synthesized amphiphilic derivatives was confirmed by atomic force microscopy obtaining a spherical shape of the micelles with average diameters of 200 nm for Dic-PEG400-Dic, and 110 nm for Dic-PEG600-Dic. The critical micelle concentration has been determined as 2.7 × 10-3 mg mL-1 for Dic-PEG400-Dic, and 1 × 10-4 mg mL-1 for Dic-PEG600-Dic. The in vitro diclofenac release profile by esterase enzyme was conducted and showed almost complete conversion to free diclofenac within 35 h in the case of Dic-PEG400-Dic micelles and more than 85% of Dic-PEG600-Dic micelles. Then the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by testing the TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated Balb/c mice. Diclofenac micelles significantly suppressed TNF-α production after a 5 mg kg-1 dose was given. The developed micelles showed TNF-α inhibition up to 87.4% and 84% after 48 hours of treatment in the case of Dic-PEG400-Dic and Dic-PEG600-Dic micelles respectively in comparison to 42.3% in the case of diclofenac alone. Dic-PEG400-Dic micelles showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity with improved TNF-α suppression through time progress. Therefore, the developed nano-micelles provide a facile synthetic approach to enhance diclofenac water solubility, improve the anti-inflammatory effect and achieve a sustained release profile to get better patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Raeda Alhawareen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Haifa Najajreh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Oraib Rabaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Maryam Faroun
- The Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Materials Engineering Department, Al-Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
| | - Hikmat Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University P.O. Box 7 Nablus Palestine
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Haj-Yahia A, Taya R. Evaluating Solubility of Celecoxib in Age-Appropriate Fasted- and Fed-State Gastric and Intestinal Biorelevant Media Representative of Adult and Pediatric Patients: Implications on Future Pediatric Biopharmaceutical Classification System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:84. [PMID: 33649887 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of performance of traditional, reformulated, and novel oral formulations in adults and pediatrics is of great importance. This study was conducted to assess solubility of celecoxib in age-appropriate fasted- and fed-state gastric and intestinal biorelevant media, classify celecoxib into biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), and assess the effects of age-related developmental changes in the composition and volume of gastrointestinal fluids on the solubility and performance of oral formulations containing celecoxib. Solubility of celecoxib was assessed at 37°C in the pH range specified by the BCS-based criteria in 13 age-appropriate biorelevant media reflective of the gastric and proximal small intestinal environment in both fasted and fed states in adults and different pediatric subpopulations. A validated HPLC-UV method was used to quantify celecoxib. Experimental and computational molecular descriptors and in vivo pharmacokinetic data were used to assign the permeability class of celecoxib. Celecoxib belonged to BCS class 2. The pediatric to adult solubility ratios were outside the 80-125% boundaries in 3 and borderline in 1 biorelevant media. Significant age-related variability could be predicted for oral formulations containing celecoxib intended for pediatric use. Findings of this study indicated that the criteria used in the adult BCS might not be directly applied to pediatric subpopulations.
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Yahia EH, Sulieman R, Haddad A, Makhlof M, Abu-Hilal B, Murtaza G, Hilal H. Sub-chronic treatment with high doses of ascorbic acid reduces lead levels in hen eggs intentionally exposed to a concentrated source of lead: a pilot study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:17. [PMID: 32122391 PMCID: PMC7052967 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hen eggs contaminated with lead can be harmful to the health of children and adults. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate if sub-chronic treatment with ascorbic acid can reduce lead levels in the different parts of hen eggs after intentionally exposing the laying hens to a concentrated source of lead. Methods Clinically normal mixed-breed egg laying hens (n = 18) were used in this pilot study. Hens were exposed to a concentrated source of lead (200 mg/kgbody weight/day lead acetate) for 1 week. Subsequently, egg laying hens were either treated with sub-chronic doses of ascorbic acid (500 mg/kgbody weight/day) or left untreated for 4 weeks. Lead levels were assessed in egg-shell, egg-albumen, and egg-yolk samples using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Lead levels increased significantly (p-value < 0.01) from baseline in egg-yolk, egg-albumen, and egg-shell samples following 1 week exposure to lead acetate. Sub-chronic treatment of egg laying hens with high doses of ascorbic acid could bring statistically significant reduction (p-value < 0.01) in lead levels in egg-yolk, egg-albumen, and egg-shell samples after intentional exposure to a concentrated source of lead. Conclusions Findings of this pilot study showed that sub-chronic treatment of egg laying hens with ascorbic acid can reduce lead levels in different egg parts after intentional exposure to a concentrated source of lead. Supplementing feedstuffs and water with sources of ascorbic acid could be beneficial in reducing lead levels in hen egg tissues following environmental exposure. Further studies are still required to investigate if ascorbic acid can reduce lead levels in other chicken tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine. .,An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Elaf Haj Yahia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rahma Sulieman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Abeer Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Makhlof
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Bilal Abu-Hilal
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hikmat Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Zyoud A, Ateeq M, Helal MH, Zyoud SH, Hilal HS. Photocatalytic degradation of phenazopyridine contaminant in soil with direct solar light. Environ Technol 2019; 40:2928-2939. [PMID: 29600741 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1459873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of waste pharmaceutics, with solar radiation, is described here as a feasible method to purify pre-contaminated soils. Phenazopyridine has been used as a model soil contaminant. Two different nano-size powders have been first examined as catalysts, namely commercial TiO2 (anatase) and commercial ZnO. As the ZnO showed higher catalytic efficiency, the study was then focused on it. The commercial ZnO powder was then compared with lab-prepared ZnO powder, and the latter shows relatively higher efficiency. The ZnO was used in two different ways. In one way, dry ZnO catalyst powder was spread onto the soil, while in the other way the ZnO was sprayed onto the soil surface by a wet spray method. The spray technique shows slightly higher efficiency, in addition to being easier to apply at future large scale. Depending on conditions and type of photocatalyst used, up to 90% contaminant removal can be achieved in 30 min. In case of photocatalysis experiments, the reacted contaminant molecules undergo complete degradation with no detectable side reaction organic products. Possible evaporation or escape of organic contaminant, or other possibly resulting organics, is ruled out by a series of control experiments. Photodegradation process takes place only at the catalytic sites on the soil surface, where contaminant molecules that diffuse from the soil bulk are completely degraded. Other useful organisms inside the soil are not affected as they are kept away from catalyst sites. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Zyoud
- a Department of Chemistry, SSERL, An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Maysaa Ateeq
- a Department of Chemistry, SSERL, An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Muath H Helal
- b College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Samer H Zyoud
- c Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
| | - Hikmat S Hilal
- a Department of Chemistry, SSERL, An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
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Snouber JA, Abdelraziq I, Abu-Jafar M, Zyoud A, Hilal H, Pasqualone A. Physical and chemical behaviour of Nabali Mohassan single-cultivar olive oil during prolonged storage. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2757-2762. [PMID: 30414173 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of storage time on the fluorescence emission intensity and physico-chemical properties of olive oil from the Palestinian cultivar Nabali Mohassan was investigated. Olive oil samples stored up to 7 years were obtained from different olive orchards in Palestine, where prolonged storage is still in use. RESULTS As a result of oxidation, all fluorescent minor compounds (tocopherols, chlorophylls, pheophytins and phenolic compounds) of olive oil significantly decreased as the storage time increased, whereas viscosity increased (P < 0.05). Until 1 year of storage, the physico-chemical properties of olive oil samples were within the limits of both Palestinian and European quality standards, and minor compounds, although affected by a marked decrease compared to freshly produced oil, were still detectable. After 5 years, a 90% decrease of the fluorescence attributed to tocopherols occurred and, after 7 years, phenolics reached a loss of 90%. CONCLUSION The analysis of fluorescence, together with other physical measures, was demonstrated to be a useful tool for monitoring oil aging. This is the first report on fluorescent minor compounds of oils obtained from Nabali Mohassan olive cultivar. A better knowledge of this single-cultivar oil could enhance the adoption of the best practices by producers, improving the whole production chain. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan A Snouber
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Issam Abdelraziq
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Abu-Jafar
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hikmat Hilal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Jallad D, Hadwan L, Ihssan N, Hilal H. Blood zinc levels in nursing women from different regions of the West Bank of Palestine. Women Health 2017; 58:822-833. [PMID: 28682191 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1342743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant and nursing women are at higher risk of zinc deficiency which can have detrimental consequences on health. We assessed blood zinc levels in 72 nursing women from the West Bank of Palestine and investigated the association between sociodemographic variables and blood zinc levels. Blood samples were analyzed for their zinc contents using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood and data collection were performed between July and December 2016. The median blood zinc level was 4.53 mg/L (interquartile range of 0.38 mg/L). In unadjusted analyses, blood zinc levels were higher in nursing women who lived in cities (p-value <.001), had higher household income (p-value <.001), whose husbands had a white collar job (p-value <.05), were nonsmokers (p-value <.05), did not use hair dyes (p-value <.05), and consumed energy beverages (p-value <.001). Multiple linear analysis showed that living in cities and consuming energy beverages remained significantly associated with higher blood zinc levels (p-value <.05). Blood zinc levels were in the range previously reported for similar non-malnourished populations. Nursing women living in cities and those consuming energy beverages tended to have higher blood zinc levels. Urbanized lifestyle might have enhanced blood zinc levels in nursing women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- a Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine.,b An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Center for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine.,c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Donia Jallad
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Labebah Hadwan
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Neeran Ihssan
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
| | - Hikmat Hilal
- d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , An-Najah National University , Nablus , Palestine
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Shehadeh S, Idkeidek T, Abu-Rwess S, Abubaker O, Abd-Aldaym M, Hilal HS. Effects of Daily Supplementation with High Dose Ascorbic Acid on Blood Lead Levels in Broiler Chicken after Intentional Exposure to a Concentrated Source of Lead. Palestinian Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal 2016; 1. [DOI: 10.59049/2790-0231.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Dwikat J, El-Helo M, Yacoub B, Hilal H. Breast Milk Lead Levels in 3 Major Regions of the West Bank of Palestine. J Hum Lact 2016; 32:455-61. [PMID: 27161259 DOI: 10.1177/0890334416646566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a neurotoxic pollutant that is ubiquitously spread in our environment. Breast milk contaminated with lead poses a potential risk of exposing a recipient infant to lead. OBJECTIVES The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the breast milk lead levels (BMLLs) in breastfeeding mothers in 3 major regions of the West Bank of Palestine and to investigate the effects of some sociodemographic variables on the BMLLs. METHODS Breast milk samples were collected from 89 breastfeeding mothers from the Nablus, Ramallah, and Jerusalem regions and analyzed for their BMLLs using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Breastfeeding mothers were interviewed and responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS The median BMLL was 4.0 µg/L, ranging from 2.0 to 12.0 µg/L. Breast milk lead levels in 19.1% of the samples analyzed were higher than the World Health Organization's safety limits of 2.0 to 5.0 µg/L for an occupationally unexposed population. Breast milk lead levels were significantly higher in breast milk of mothers who lived in cities and refugee camps (P < .01), had lower monthly household income levels (P < .05), lived close to paint shops (P < .05), lived in houses with peeling or chipping paint (P < .05), used eye kohl (P < .01), and worked in agriculture for a duration longer than 3 years (P < .01). CONCLUSION Breast milk lead levels were higher than the safety limits for occupationally unexposed populations. Authorities need to implement measures to eliminate or reduce lead exposure, especially in refugee camps and cities. Marketed eye kohl preparations should be tested for their lead contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Center for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Jamela Dwikat
- An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Center for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Maram El-Helo
- An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Center for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Bayan Yacoub
- An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Center for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hikmat Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Zyoud A, Abdul-Rahman NN, Campet G, Park D, Kwon H, Kim TW, Choi HJ, Helal MH, Hilal HS. Enhanced PEC characteristics for CdSe polycrystalline film electrodes prepared by combined electrochemical/chemical bath depositions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jondi W, Zyoud A, Mansour W, Hussein AQ, Hilal HS. Highly active and selective catalysts for olefin hydrosilylation reactions using metalloporphyrins intercalated in natural clays. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms showing how the metalloporphyrin ions selectively catalyze olefin hydrosilylation reactions and the solvent-like behavior associated with the clay supported metalloporphyrin catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Jondi
- SSERL
- An-Najah National University
- Nablus
- Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- SSERL
- An-Najah National University
- Nablus
- Palestine
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Zyoud A, Al-Kerm RS, Al-Kerm RS, Waseem M, Mohammed HH, Park D, Campet G, Sabli N, Hilal HS. High PEC conversion efficiencies from CuSe film electrodes modified with metalloporphyrin/polyethylene matrices. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zyoud A, Zu’bi A, Helal MHS, Park D, Campet G, Hilal HS. Optimizing photo-mineralization of aqueous methyl orange by nano-ZnO catalyst under simulated natural conditions. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015; 13:46. [PMID: 26000167 PMCID: PMC4440263 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photo-degradation of organic contaminants into non-hazardous mineral compounds is emerging as a strategy to purify water and environment. Tremendous research is being done using direct solar light for these purposes. In this paper we report on optimum conditions for complete mineralization of aqueous methyl orange using lab-prepared ZnO nanopowder catalyst under simulated solar light. RESULTS Nano-scale ZnO powder was prepared in the lab by standard methods, and then characterized using electronic absorption spectra, photolumenscence emission (PL) spectra, XRD, and SEM. The powder involved a wurtzite structure with ~19 nm particles living in agglomerates. Photo-degradation progressed faster under neutral or slightly acidic conditions which resemble natural waters. Increasing catalyst concentration increased photodegradation rate to a certain limit. Values of catalyst turn over number and degradation percentage increased under higher light intensity, whereas the quantum yield values decreased. The photocatalytic efficiency of nano-ZnO powders in methyl orange photodegradation in water with solar light has been affected by changing the working conditions. More importantly, the process may be used under natural water conditions with pH normally less than 7, with no need to use high concentrations of catalyst or contaminant. The results also highlight the negative impact of possible high concentrations of CO2 on water purification processes. Effects of other added gaseous flows to the reaction mixture are also discussed. CONCLUSION ZnO nano-particles are useful catalyst for complete mineralization of organic contaminants in water. Photo-degradation of organic contaminants with ZnO nano-particles, methyl orange being an example, should be considered for future large scale water purification processes under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Zyoud
- />SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Amani Zu’bi
- />SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Muath H. S. Helal
- />College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Thorvaldson Building, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - DaeHoon Park
- />Dansuk Industrial Co, LTD. #1239-5, Jeongwang-Dong, Shiheung-Si, Kyonggi-Do 429-913 South Korea
| | - Guy Campet
- />Institut de Chimie de la Matie‘re Condense’ıe de Bordeaux (ICMCB), 87 Avenue du Dr. A Schweitzer, Pessac, 33608 France
| | - Hikmat S. Hilal
- />SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Zyoud A, Nassar HNI, El-Hamouz A, Hilal HS. Solid olive waste in environmental cleanup: enhanced nitrite ion removal by ZnCl2-activated carbon. J Environ Manage 2015; 152:27-35. [PMID: 25602924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This communication describes how olive solid wastes can be used to prepare activated carbon (AC), with soundly high surface areas, suitable to remove nitrite ions from water. Solid olive wastes, so called Jeft, separated as unwanted bi-products from olive oil mills, have been converted into charcoal. The charcoal was then physically and/or chemically activated using different compounds namely conc. H3PO4 or ZnCl2. Charcoal carbonization was performed under inert atmosphere to avoid loss of heated carbon by oxidation with air. Surface area measurements and SEM micrographs showed that activation using ZnCl2 yields AC with highest surface area and more porous surfaces. The ZnCl2-activated carbon was then used to remove nitrite ions from water by adsorption. Effects of different parameters on value of surface area and adsorption capacity of the AC were investigated. Commercial AC materials were used as reference for comparison. The AC showed higher adsorption capacity toward nitrite than other reported adsorbents. The results suggest that using 5 g of the ZnCl2-activated carbon per liter of heavily nitrite-contaminated water (50 ppm) may bring the contaminant concentration down to the WHO accepted concentration limits within 60 min. This work highlights the future feasibility of using olive waste as feed stocks to produce useful renewable materials while keeping in mind the wisdom "make wastes work in environmental protection".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Hiba N I Nassar
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Amer El-Hamouz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PO Box 7, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Hikmat S Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine.
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Sabri H, Saleh S, Zyoud A, Abdel-Rahman NN, Saadeddin I, Campet G, Park D, Faroun M, Hilal HS. Enhancement of CdSe film electrode PEC characteristics by metalloporphyrin/polysiloxane matrices. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zyoud A, Saadeddin I, Khurduj S, Mari’e M, Hawash ZM, Faroun MI, Campet G, Park D, Hilal HS. Combined electrochemical/chemical bath depositions to prepare CdS film electrodes with enhanced PEC characteristics. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hilal HS, Ismail RM, El-Hamouz A, Zyoud A, Saadeddin I. Effect of cooling rate of pre-annealed CdS thin film electrodes prepared by chemical bath deposition: Enhancement of photoelectrochemical characteristics. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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