1
|
Zhang ZJ, Jiang S, Zhao QS. The Chemistry and Biology of Lycopodium Alkaloids. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400954. [PMID: 38844419 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Lycopodiales, an order comprising 388 distinct species, is the source of Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs), a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that share a common biosynthesis and structural attributes. These remarkable organisms are considered vestiges of ancient ferns, with fossil evidence dating their existence back to an impressive 300 million years. LAs usually are tricyclic or tetracyclic compounds with C16N or C16N2 skeleton. But then there are also have a few C11N, C15N, C15N2, C22N2, and C27N3 skeleton. LAs have attracted much scientific attention because of their important biological activities related to acetylcholinesterase and unique structural characteristics. From 1881 to December 2023, there are 593 LAs from 49 species of Lycopodiales have been reported. Because the total amount of LAs is nearly five times that of 1994, the classification and group allocation of some newly isolated LAs is often challenging and not unambiguous by Ayer's simple classification. This review makes a more systematic and detailed classification for it and provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring LAs discovered from 1881 to December 2023. Until now, there is no comprehensively summary of biological activity of the LAs. This review is the first time covered the biological activity of the all LAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen CM, Lin SK, Hsieh CT, Reddy JS, Teoh YN, Cheng MJ, Hsieh HP. Influence of Ring Strain on the Formation of Rearrangement vs Cyclization Isotwistane Products in the Acyl Radical Reaction of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone. Org Lett 2023; 25:7757-7762. [PMID: 37738398 PMCID: PMC10630961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
An acyl radical reaction of bicyclo[2.2.2]octenone to yield either rearranged or cyclized isotwistane products is described. The influence of ring strain on the reaction was demonstrated by alternating the sizes of the fused ring in the starting material. DFT calculations showed that the reaction is under thermodynamic control and proceeds via a 5-exo-trig cyclization intermediate, which undergoes either hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) to give a cyclized product or rearrangement via a twistane intermediate to give a rearranged product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Kuo Lin
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Julakanti Satyanarayana Reddy
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Ning Teoh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
- Biomedical
Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen YJ, Chao CH, Huang CY, Hwang TL, Chang FR, Dai CF, Sheu JH. An Unprecedented Cembranoid with a Novel Tricyclo[9.3.0.02,12]tetradecane Skeleton and Related Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton cinereum. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakhla MC, Cook CD, Wood JL. Synthetic studies towards (±)-isopalhinine A: Preparation of the bicyclic core via Nazarov cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Gaugele
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li NP, Liu JS, Liu JW, Tian HY, Zhou HL, Zheng YR, Huang XJ, Cao JQ, Ye WC, Wang L. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the fruits of Gelsemium elegans and their anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104624. [PMID: 33465669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), gelsechizines A-B (1-2), along with four known ones (3-6) were isolated from the fruits of Gelsemium elegans. Compound 1 features a new carbon skeleton with two additional carbon atoms forming a 4-methylpyridine unit. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, MS, X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1-3 showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to the inhibition of the trecruitment of neutrophils and macrophages as well as the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the β-N-acrylate moiety plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ping Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Shan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Wen Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ling Zhou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ru Zheng
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qing Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Zhang ZK, Jiang FF, Qi BW, Ding N, Hnin SYY, Liu X, Li J, Wang XH, Tu PF, Abe I, Morita H, Shi SP. Deciphering the Biosynthetic Mechanism of Pelletierine in Lycopodium Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:8725-8729. [PMID: 33104367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pelletierine, a proposed building block of Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs), was demonstrated to be synthesized via the non-enzymatic Mannich-like condensation of Δ1-piperideine and 3-oxoglutaric acid produced by two new type III PKSs (HsPKS4 and PcPKS1) characterized from Huperzia serrata and Phlegmariurus cryptomerianus, respectively. The findings provide new insights for further understanding the biosynthesis of LAs such as huperzine A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang-Fang Jiang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo-Wen Qi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Saw Yu Yu Hnin
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani-2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani-2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Strategies and Efforts towards the Total Synthesis of Palhinine Alkaloids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184211. [PMID: 32937904 PMCID: PMC7570941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The palhinine family of Lycopodium alkaloids were first reported in 2010, which feature an intriguing isotwistane carbon cage and a nine-membered azonane ring. It is noteworthy that the tetracyclic 5/6/6/9 skeleton was unprecedented in Lycopodium alkaloids before their seminal discovery. Over the past decade, extensive synthetic efforts stemming from seven research groups have resulted in two racemic total syntheses to date. This review article takes the opportunity to survey these efforts and achievements so as to promote further research towards the asymmetric total synthesis of palhinine alkaloids.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu QF, Zhao QS. Chemical constituents and biological activities of lycophytes and ferns. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:887-891. [PMID: 31882041 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lycophytes and ferns are unique and charismatic members of many terrestrial ecosystems and occupy the pivotal position in land plant origin and evolution. The Chinese lycophytes and ferns flora, with approximately 2000 species, contributes a substantial component to the global lycophytes and ferns diversity, with estimates of 12 000 species. Among them, about 433 species are medicinally recorded and researches based on their phytochemical properties are important topics in natural medicines. This paper reviewed the research history and current status of chemical constituents and biological activities of lycophytes and ferns, which had highlighted the research progress of our group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Hamidi H, Daraie M, Momeni T. Recent applications of the Wittig reaction in alkaloid synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 84:201-334. [PMID: 32416953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is the chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (the Wittig reagent) to afford an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide. Noteworthy, this reaction results in the synthesis of alkenes in a selective and predictable fashion. Thus, it became as one of the keystone of synthetic organic chemistry, especially in the total synthesis of natural products, where the selectivity of a reaction is paramount of importance. A literature survey disclosed the existence of vast numbers of related reports and comprehensive reviews on the applications of this important name reaction in the total synthesis of natural products. However, the aim of this chapter is to underscore, the applications of the Wittig reaction in the total synthesis of one the most important and prevalent classes of natural products, the alkaloids, especially those showing important and diverse biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Hamidi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Tan LH, Zou H, Zou ZX, Long HP, Wang WX, Xu PS, Liu LF, Xu KP, Tan GS. Palhinosides A-H: Flavone Glucosidic Truxinate Esters with Neuroprotective Activities from Palhinhaea cernua. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:216-222. [PMID: 31994397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Palhinosides A-H (1-8), new flavone glucosidic truxinate esters, including β-truxinate and μ-truxinate forms, were isolated from Palhinhaea cernua. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical analyses. The flavone glucoside cyclodimers possess a unique cyclobutane ring in their carbon scaffolds. Compounds 2-7 represent three pairs of stereoisomers (2/3, 4/5, 6/7). The protective effects of 1-8 against the damage of HT-22 cells induced by l-glutamate were evaluated, and compounds 4 and 5 showed better neuroprotective effects than the positive control, Trolox.
Collapse
|
12
|
Han C, Chen Y, Ching YC, Lee CS, He S. An approach towards the construction of the tetracyclic skeleton of palhinine alkaloids. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A bifunctional Lewis acid catalyzed Diels–Alder/carbocyclization cascade process was developed for the rapid construction of the tetracyclic core of palhinine alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Yin-Cheung Ching
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shuzhong He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kataoka M, Otawa Y, Ido N, Mori K. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Medium-Sized Carbocycle-Fused Piperidines via Sequential Hydride Shift Triggered Double C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization. Org Lett 2019; 21:9334-9338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyabi Kataoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuna Otawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ido
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu SC, Liang YY, Li L, Wang XL, Zhang SP, Gong YL, Xu S. Synthesis of the Tricyclic Caged Core of Palhinine Alkaloids Based on a Non-Diels-Alder-Type Strategy. Org Lett 2019; 21:5567-5569. [PMID: 31241967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of the tricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane caged core of palhinine alkaloids was developed with SmI2-mediated cyclization and light-initiated radical addition-fragmentation as key steps. Compared with the reported racemic routes which are all based on Diels-Alder-type key reactions, our strategy would be more readily accessible to the asymmetric total syntheses of the palhinine alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yu-Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shi-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Ya-Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , 2A NanWei Road , Xicheng District, Beijing 100050 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu S, Zhang T, Zhu L, Zhong K, Gong J, Yang Z, Bai R, Lan Y. Retro-metal-ene versus retro-Aldol: mechanistic insight into Rh-catalysed formal [3+2] cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13551-13554. [PMID: 30444245 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations have been performed to investigate the mechanism and stereoselectivity of rhodium-catalysed intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition for construction of a substituted hexahydropentalene complex. A new C-C bond cleavage mechanism, retro-Aldol-type, is proposed and verified for this Rh-catalysed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Kangbao Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Jianxian Gong
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and the Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and the Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu ZL, Huang XJ, Xu MT, Ma X, Li L, Shi L, Wang WJ, Jiang RW, Ye WC, Wang Y. Flueggeacosines A-C, Dimeric Securinine-Type Alkaloid Analogues with Neuronal Differentiation Activity from Flueggea suffruticosa. Org Lett 2018; 20:7703-7707. [PMID: 30484660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flueggeacosines A-C (1-3), three dimeric securinine-type alkaloid analogues with unprecedented skeletons, were isolated from Flueggea suffruticosa. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of C-3-C-15' connected dimeric securinine-type alkaloids. Compound 3 is an unprecedented heterodimer of securinine-type and benzoquinolizidine alkaloids. Biosynthetic pathways for 1-3 were proposed on the basis of the coexisting alkaloid monomers as the precursors. Compound 2 exhibited significant activity in promoting neuronal differentiation of Neuro-2a cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Long Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tao Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyue Ma
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liuren Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen C, Shiao H, Uang B, Hsieh H. Biomimetic Syntheses of (±)‐Isopalhinine A, (±)‐Palhinine A, and (±)‐Palhinine D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Ming Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical ResearchNational Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053 Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Yi Shiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical ResearchNational Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053 Taiwan
| | - Biing‐Jiun Uang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical ResearchNational Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053 Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen CM, Shiao HY, Uang BJ, Hsieh HP. Biomimetic Syntheses of (±)-Isopalhinine A, (±)-Palhinine A, and (±)-Palhinine D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15572-15576. [PMID: 30284752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of isopalhinine A, as well as unified syntheses of palhinine A and palhinine D, were successfully accomplished by means of a biomimetic strategy that proceeds through a bioinspired 5/6/6/9 tetracyclic intermediate, which mimics the amino ketone form of palhinine D. An early-stage direct SN 2 cyclization to construct the nine-membered azonane ring minimized the transannular strain that would otherwise be increased by the twisted nature of the isotwistane skeleton. Then, a diastereoselective Diels-Alder reaction of a masked ortho-benzoquinone using the nine-membered ring as a steric shielding group furnished a functionalized 6/6/9 tricyclic skeleton and established the desired stereochemistry at the C3, C7, C12, and C15 positions in one step. A thiol-mediated acyl radical cyclization gave the bioinspired intermediate bearing three differentiated oxygen-containing functional groups, from which all three total syntheses could be completed in either two or three additional steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Shiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Biing-Jiun Uang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Wei JJ, Wang WQ, Song WB, Xuan LJ. Serratene-type triterpenoids from Palhinhaea cernua. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Wang FX, Du JY, Wang HB, Zhang PL, Zhang GB, Yu KY, Zhang XZ, An XT, Cao YX, Fan CA. Total Synthesis of Lycopodium Alkaloids Palhinine A and Palhinine D. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4282-4285. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui-Bin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Lin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guo-Biao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ye-Xing Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Y, Wang Z, Wu J, Chen Y. Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Phlegmariurus. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:269-274. [PMID: 26916276 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phlegmariurus is a genus of ca. 200 species in the family Huperziaceae. Up to now, six species of the Phlegmariurus genus have been chemically investigated, and 89 compounds, including Lycopodium alkaloids possessing diverse structures and serratane-type triterpenes, have been isolated. These compounds show potent bioactivities, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong New District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong New District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jichun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong New District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yegao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong New District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng JT, Zhang ZJ, Li XN, Peng LY, Luo HR, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Lyconadins G and H, Two Rare Lyconadin-Type Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium complanatum. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:279-284. [PMID: 27783309 PMCID: PMC5136372 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two rare lyconadin-type Lycopodium alkaloids, lyconadins G (1) and H (2), together with four known ones (3-6), were isolated from Lycopodium complanatum. The structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by an X-ray crystallographic analysis. It is the first time to establish the absolute configuration of lyconadin-type Lycopodium alkaloid by an X-ray diffraction experiment. In addition, these findings may provide more information for the biosynthesis of lyconadins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang Y, Xiong J, Zou Y, Zhang HY, Hu JF. Palhicerines A-F, Lycopodium alkaloids from the club moss Palhinhaea cernua. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 131:130-139. [PMID: 27576047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Four fawcettimine-type (palhicerines A-D, resp.) and two lycopodine-type (palhicerines E and F) Lycopodium alkaloids together with twenty known ones were isolated from the whole plant of Palhinhaea cernua. The structures and absolute configurations of the palhicerines A-F were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, chemical transformation, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations or induced electronic circular dichroism (IECD) spectra. Among the isolates, the new C/D-ring of the palhicerines A-C (trans-fused fawcettimine-type alkaloids) are rare, and each possesses a β-oriented C-16 methyl group and a distinctive tertiary methoxy group at C-13. Chemotaxonomy for differentiating species in the genus Palhinhaea is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lycoclavatumide and 8β,11α-dihydroxylycopodine, a new fawcettimine and lycopodine-type alkaloid from Lycopodium clavatum. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
26
|
Dong LB, Wu XD, Shi X, Zhang ZJ, Yang J, Zhao QS. Phleghenrines A–D and Neophleghenrine A, Bioactive and Structurally Rigid Lycopodium Alkaloids from Phlegmariurus henryi. Org Lett 2016; 18:4498-501. [PMID: 27583693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liao-Bin Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang FX, Zhang PL, Wang HB, Zhang GB, Fan CA. A strategic study towards constructing the nine-membered azonane ring system of palhinine A via an azidoketol fragmentation reaction. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Palcernuine, the first [5/6/6/6]-cernuane-type alkaloid from Palhinhaea cernua f. sikkimensis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
29
|
Ishiuchi K, Jiang WP, Fujiwara Y, Wu JB, Kitanaka S. Serralongamines B-D, three new Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum, and their inhibitory effects on foam cell formation in macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2636-40. [PMID: 27086123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, serralongamines B-D (1-3), have been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum, and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical transformation. 1 and 3 significantly exhibited the inhibitory activity against foam cell formation in human macrophages, one of characteristic features of early atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya-City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gorunova ON, Novitskiy IM, Grishin YK, Gloriozov IP, Roznyatovsky VA, Khrustalev VN, Kochetkov KA, Dunina VV. Determination of the Absolute Configuration of CN-Palladacycles by 31P{1H} NMR Spectroscopy Using (1R,2S,5R)-Menthyloxydiphenylphosphine as the Chiral Derivatizing Agent: Efficient Chirality Transfer in Phosphinite Adducts. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga N. Gorunova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan M. Novitskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor P. Gloriozov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly A. Roznyatovsky
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklay Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Kochetkov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V. Dunina
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duan S, Long D, Zhao C, Zhao G, Yuan Z, Xie X, Fang J, She X. Efficient construction of the A/C/D tricyclic skeleton of palhinine A. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach for the synthesis of the 9/6/6 tricyclic structure ofLycopodiumalkaloid palhinine A has been accomplished. This protocol can undergo ring constriction to rapidly construct the highly strained nine-membered azonane ring of palhinine A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Dan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Ziyun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lupoae P, Cristea V, Borda D, Lupoae M, Gurau G, Dinica RM. Phytochemical Screening: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Potamogeton Species in Order to Obtain Valuable Feed Additives. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:1111-23. [PMID: 26369590 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The alcoholic extracts from three submerged perennial plants Potamogeton crispus L., P. pusillus L. and P. pectinatus L. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME-GC/MS) and by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and their volatile fingerprint and polyphenols composition was mutually compared. Twenty-nine chemical compounds were detected and identified in ethanolic and methanolic extracts; the highest abundance (over 5%) in descending order, was detected for 9,9-dimethyl-8,10- dioxapentacyclo (5,3,0(2,5) 0(3,5,)0 (3,6) decane (21.65%), phenol 2,6 bis (1,1 dimethyletyl) 4-1-methylpropil (20.8%), pentadecanoic acid (14.3%), 2-(5-chloro-2-Methoxyphenyl) pyrrole (8.66%), propanedioic (malonic) acid 2-(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl ethylidene (5.77%), 2 hydroxy-3 tert butyl-5-isopropyl-6 methyl phenyl ketone (5.76%). The highest total polyphenols and flavonoids content was found in the methanolic extract of P. crispus (112.5±0.5 mg tannic acid/g dry extract; 64.2±1.2 mg quercitin/g dry extract). Antioxidant activities (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil, hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assays) of obtained extracts are comparable with the standard compounds, butylated hydroxytoluene, rutin and ascorbic acid. Antibacterial efficiency of methanolic extracts was notably demonstrated against Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter hormaechei) and Gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus casseliflavus). The data reported for the first time for Romanian Potamogeton species, provides extensive support for the chemical investigations of these plants of the aquatic anthropogene ecosystems in order to obtain valuable bioadditives for animal feed and/or pharmaceutical/food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lupoae
- Dunărea de Jos University Galaţi, Faculty of Food Science and Engeneering
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kutateladze AG, Mukhina OA. Minimalist Relativistic Force Field: Prediction of Proton-Proton Coupling Constants in (1)H NMR Spectra Is Perfected with NBO Hybridization Parameters. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5218-25. [PMID: 25885091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed a reliable method for multiparametric scaling of Fermi contacts to achieve fast and accurate prediction of proton-proton spin-spin coupling constants (SSCC) in (1)H NMR. We now report that utilization of NBO hybridization coefficients for carbon atoms in the involved C-H bonds allows for a significant simplification of this parametric scheme, requiring only four general types of SSCCs: geminal, vicinal, 1,3-, and long-range constants. The method is optimized for inexpensive B3LYP/6-31G(d) molecular geometries. A new DU8 basis set, based on a training set of 475 experimental spin-spin coupling constants, is developed for hydrogen and common non-hydrogen atoms (Li, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, Se, Br, I) to calculate Fermi contacts. On a test set of 919 SSCCs from a diverse collection of natural products and complex synthetic molecules the method gave excellent accuracy of 0.29 Hz (rmsd) with the maximum unsigned error not exceeding 1 Hz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Olga A Mukhina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Heravi MM, Vavsari VF. Recent applications of intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diels–Alder (D–A) reaction is undoubtedly the most powerful [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in organic synthesis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu JC, Wang QY, Tao YJ, Jiang JH, Liu Y, Huang GL, Zhan R, Liu B, Chen YG. Two New Lycodine Alkaloids fromLycopodiastrum casuarinoides. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Long R, Huang J, Shao W, Liu S, Lan Y, Gong J, Yang Z. Asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-lingzhiol via a Rh-catalysed [3+2] cycloaddition. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5707. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
37
|
Jiang WW, Liu F, Gao X, He J, Cheng X, Peng LY, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Huperserines A–E, Lycopodium alkaloids from Huperzia serrata. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
38
|
Kutateladze AG, Mukhina OA. Relativistic Force Field: Parametric Computations of Proton–Proton Coupling Constants in 1H NMR Spectra. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8397-406. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Olga A. Mukhina
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He J, Wu XD, Liu F, Liu YC, Peng LY, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Luo HR, Zhao QS. Lycopodine-Type Alkaloids from Lycopodium japonicum. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:213-219. [PMID: 25089239 PMCID: PMC4111880 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three new lycopodine-type alkaloids, 4α-hydroxyanhydrolycodoline (1), 4α,6α-dihydroxyanhydrolycodoline (2), and 6-epi-8β-acetoxylycoclavine (3), and an artifact, lycoposerramine G nitrate (4), along with seventeen related known compounds, were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray (Lycopodiaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray analysis. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu F, Liu YC, Jiang WW, He J, Wu XD, Peng LY, Su J, Cheng X, Zhao QS. Carinatines A and B, Lycopodium Alkaloids from Phlegmariurus carinatus. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:221-5. [PMID: 25089240 PMCID: PMC4111872 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carinatine A (1), a C16N2-type Lycopodium alkaloid possessing a 5/6/6/6 ring system formed by a new C-4/C-12 bond, and carinatine B (2), the first derivative of lycojaponicumin C, along 16 known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of Phlegmariurus carinatus. Their structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data. The two new isolates were no inhibitory activity for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dong LB, Wu YN, Jiang SZ, Wu XD, He J, Yang YR, Zhao QS. Isolation and Complete Structural Assignment of Lycopodium Alkaloid Cernupalhine A: Theoretical Prediction and Total Synthesis Validation. Org Lett 2014; 16:2700-3. [PMID: 24779557 DOI: 10.1021/ol500978k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liao-Bin Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Zhi Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
| | - Juan He
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
| | - Yu-Rong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sizemore N, Rychnovsky SD. Studies toward the Synthesis of Palhinine Lycopodium Alkaloids: A Morita–Baylis–Hillman/Intramolecular Diels–Alder Approach. Org Lett 2014; 16:688-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4033495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sizemore
- Department of Chemistry,
1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry,
1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|