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Marques HM. The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids - an update. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112154. [PMID: 36871417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids, derivatives of vitamin B12, is reviewed, with particular emphasis on equilibrium constants for, and kinetics of, their axial ligand substitution reactions. The role the corrin ligand plays in controlling and modifying the properties of the metal ion is emphasised. Other aspects of the chemistry of these compounds, including their structure, corrinoid complexes with metals other than cobalt, the redox chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids and their chemical redox reactions, and their photochemistry are discussed. Their role as catalysts in non-biological reactions and aspects of their organometallic chemistry are briefly mentioned. Particular mention is made of the role that computational methods - and especially DFT calculations - have played in developing our understanding of the inorganic chemistry of these compounds. A brief overview of the biological chemistry of the B12-dependent enzymes is also given for the reader's convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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2
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Tang S, Shen Q, He P, Li J, Yang J, Si X, Xia J, Han Y, Li Z, Liu C, Gui QW. Synthesis of esters from 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using visible light. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Brenig C, Mestizo PD, Zelder F. Functionalisation of vitamin B 12 derivatives with a cobalt β-phenyl ligand boosters antimetabolite activity in bacteria. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28553-28559. [PMID: 36320527 PMCID: PMC9541496 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the syntheses of four singly- and two doubly-modified vitamin B12 derivatives for generating antimetabolites of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L. delbrueckii). The two most potent antagonists, a Coβ-phenyl-cobalamin-c,8-lactam and a 10-bromo-Coβ-phenylcobalamin combine a c-lactam or 10-bromo modification at the "eastern" site of the corrin ring with an artificial organometallic phenyl group instead of a cyano ligand at the β-site of the cobalt center. These two doubly-modified B12 antagonists (10 nM) inhibit fully B12-dependent (0.1 nM) growth of L. delbrueckii. In contrast to potent 10-bromo-Coβ-phenylcobalamin, single modified 10-bromo-Coβ-cyanocobalamin lacking the artificial organometallic phenyl ligand does not show any inhibitory effect. These results suggest, that the organometallic β-phenyl ligand at the Co center ultimately steers the metabolic effect of the 10-bromo-analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH 8057 Zurich Switzerland https://www.felix-zelder.net +41 44 635 6803
| | - Paula Daniela Mestizo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH 8057 Zurich Switzerland https://www.felix-zelder.net +41 44 635 6803
| | - Felix Zelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH 8057 Zurich Switzerland https://www.felix-zelder.net +41 44 635 6803
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Xie D, Xu X, Long S, Tang XY, Wang L. Synthesis of (2-(Quinolin-2-yl)phenyl)carbamates by a One-Pot Friedel-Crafts Reaction/Oxidative Umpolung Aza-Grob Fragmentation Sequence. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7852-7863. [PMID: 35611951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing the easily available isatin-based propargyl amines prepared from isatins, terminal alkynes, and anilines, (2-(quinolin-2-yl)phenyl)carbamates were prepared by a one-pot reaction in sequence, combining the gold-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts cyclization, oxidative umpolung aza-Grob fragmentation, and nucleophilic addition. In this process, gold-catalyzed cyclization of isatin-based propargyl amines gave 1'H-spiro[indoline-3,2'-quinolin]-2-ones, which were oxidized in situ by hypervalent iodine via the aza-Grob fragmentation to afford isocyano intermediates 2-(2-isocyanatophenyl)quinolines. Followed by the nucleophilic addition with alcohol solvents, (2-(quinolin-2-yl)phenyl)carbamates were synthesized. This procedure features easy operation, a wide substrate scope, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 216 1st Road Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Sihui Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 216 1st Road Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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Prieto L, Rossier J, Derszniak K, Dybas J, Oetterli RM, Kottelat E, Chlopicki S, Zelder F, Zobi F. Modified biovectors for the tuneable activation of anti-platelet carbon monoxide release. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:6840-6843. [PMID: 28603801 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03642f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the anti-platelet effects of a new class of cis-rhenium(ii)-dicarbonyl-vitamin B12 complexes (B12-ReCORMs) with tuneable CO releasing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Prieto
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Nievergelt PP, Spingler B. Growing single crystals of small molecules by thermal recrystallization, a viable option even for minute amounts of material? CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Prieto L, Neuburger M, Spingler B, Zelder F. Inorganic Cyanide as Protecting Group in the Stereospecific Reconstitution of Vitamin B12 from an Artificial Green Secocorrinoid. Org Lett 2016; 18:5292-5295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Prieto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstr. 51, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Zelder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Choudhury S, Ahmad S, Khan FA. Effect of bridgehead substitution in the Grob fragmentation of norbornyl ketones: a new route to substituted halophenols. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9686-96. [PMID: 26264290 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grob fragmentation of suitably designed bicyclic species often generates novel organic skeletons in a facile manner. Herein, we report a comprehensive account of an effective acid-catalyzed Grob fragmentation of trihalonorbornyl ketones to dihalophenol derivatives in good yields. The transformation entails tri-n-butyltin hydride (TBTH) mediated regioselective reduction of one of the two bridgehead halogens of readily available Diels-Alder adducts resulting from 1,2,3,4-tetrahalo-5,5-dimethoxycyclopentadiene and vinyl acetate derivatives, followed by its conversion to substituted halophenol species via a three-step hydrolysis-oxidation-rearrangement/aromatization strategy. Both alkyl and aryl substituted norbornyl ketones were studied. A detailed mechanistic analysis employing an isotope labeling experiment revealed plausible mechanistic pathways. Among the two bridgehead substituents, when halogen (X = Cl, Br) stays at C-1 and hydrogen (H, or deuterium, D) at C-4, then product formation takes place via exclusive protonation (supplied by an external acid) at β carbon (i.e. C-1) of a dienol moiety formed in situ during the Grob-fragmentation, followed by the removal of acidic 4-H (or 4-D) and halide ion (X(-)) from the resulting cyclohexenone intermediate prior to nucleophilic attack on the oxocarbenium ion by X(-) and final enolisation of cyclohexadienone species. A sharp deviation was observed with the regioisomeric bicyclic ketone, wherein the 4-X triggers a facile removal of X(-) and forms the end products without necessitating the involvement of the C-1 substituent (i.e. 1-H/D), thereby retaining it in the final halophenols. It clearly demonstrates how the bridgehead substituents in the two regioisomeric trihalo-norbornyl ketones steer the bicyclic systems to follow entirely different reaction pathways thus suggesting their crucial yet distinct roles in the overall reaction. The present transformation thus manifests the relevance of bridgehead substituents in the Grob fragmentation of such norbornyl systems. Our current strategy also allows one to access ortho-deuterated halophenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur-208016, India
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Zelder F, Sonnay M, Prieto L. Antivitamins for Medicinal Applications. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1264-78. [PMID: 26013037 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antivitamins represent a broad class of compounds that counteract the essential effects of vitamins. The symptoms triggered by such antinutritional factors resemble those of vitamin deficiencies, but can be successfully reversed by treating patients with the intact vitamin. Despite being undesirable for healthy organisms, the toxicities of these compounds present considerable interest for biological and medicinal purposes. Indeed, antivitamins played fundamental roles in the development of pioneering antibiotic and antiproliferative drugs, such as prontosil and aminopterin. Their development and optimisation were made possible by the study, throughout the 20th century, of the vitamins' and antivitamins' functions in metabolic processes. However, even with this thorough knowledge, commercialised antivitamin-based drugs are still nowadays limited to antagonists of vitamins B9 and K. The antivitamin field thus still needs to be explored more intensely, in view of the outstanding therapeutic success exhibited by several antivitamin-based medicines. Here we summarise historical achievements and discuss critically recent developments, opportunities and potential limitations of the antivitamin approach, with a special focus on antivitamins K, B9 and B12 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zelder
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland).
| | - Marjorie Sonnay
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Lucas Prieto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
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Dupper NJ, Kwon O. Functionalized α,α-dibromo esters through Claisen rearrangements of dibromoketene acetals. Org Lett 2015; 17:1054-7. [PMID: 25671693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allylic alcohols can be transformed into γ,δ-unsaturated α,α-dibromo esters through a two-step process: formation of a bromal-derived mixed acetal, followed by tandem dehydrobromination/Claisen rearrangement. The scope and selectivity of both steps have been investigated. The product α,α-dibromo esters were subjected to various carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, oxidations, and lactonizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Dupper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Giedyk M, ó Proinsias K, Kurcoń S, Sharina I, Martin E, Gryko D. Small alterations in cobinamide structure considerably influence sGC activation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2344-50. [PMID: 25044578 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Specially designed B-ring-modified cobalamin derivatives were synthesized and tested as potential activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Herein, we disclose the influence of substituents at the c- and d-positions in hydrophilic and hydrophobic cobyrinic acid derivatives on their capacities to activate sGC. The presence of the amide group at c-/d-position in cobyrinic acid derivatives strongly influence the level of sGC activation. Removal of the d-position altogether has a profound effect for hydrophobic compounds. In contrast, little differences were observed in hydrophilic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Giedyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland), Fax: (+48) 22-632-6681
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