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Theobald S, Vesth TC, Geib E, Nybo JL, Frisvad JC, Larsen TO, Kuo A, LaButti K, Lyhne EK, Kjærbølling I, Ledsgaard L, Barry K, Clum A, Chen C, Nolan M, Sandor L, Lipzen A, Mondo S, Pangilinan J, Salamov A, Riley R, Wiebenga A, Müller A, Kun RS, dos Santos Gomes AC, Henrissat B, Magnuson JK, Simmons BA, Mäkelä MR, Mortensen UH, Grigoriev IV, Brock M, Baker SE, de Vries RP, Andersen MR. Genomic Analysis of Aspergillus Section Terrei Reveals a High Potential in Secondary Metabolite Production and Plant Biomass Degradation. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:507. [PMID: 39057392 PMCID: PMC11278011 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus has attracted interest due to its application in industrial biotechnology, particularly for the production of itaconic acid and bioactive secondary metabolites. As related species also seem to possess a prosperous secondary metabolism, they are of high interest for genome mining and exploitation. Here, we present draft genome sequences for six species from Aspergillus section Terrei and one species from Aspergillus section Nidulantes. Whole-genome phylogeny confirmed that section Terrei is monophyletic. Genome analyses identified between 70 and 108 key secondary metabolism genes in each of the genomes of section Terrei, the highest rate found in the genus Aspergillus so far. The respective enzymes fall into 167 distinct families with most of them corresponding to potentially unique compounds or compound families. Moreover, 53% of the families were only found in a single species, which supports the suitability of species from section Terrei for further genome mining. Intriguingly, this analysis, combined with heterologous gene expression and metabolite identification, suggested that species from section Terrei use a strategy for UV protection different to other species from the genus Aspergillus. Section Terrei contains a complete plant polysaccharide degrading potential and an even higher cellulolytic potential than other Aspergilli, possibly facilitating additional applications for these species in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Theobald
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Tammi C. Vesth
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Elena Geib
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (E.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Jane L. Nybo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Thomas O. Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Alan Kuo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Ellen K. Lyhne
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Inge Kjærbølling
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Line Ledsgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Kerrie Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Alicia Clum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Cindy Chen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Matt Nolan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Laura Sandor
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Stephen Mondo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Asaf Salamov
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Robert Riley
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Ad Wiebenga
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (A.M.); (R.S.K.); (A.C.d.S.G.)
| | - Astrid Müller
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (A.M.); (R.S.K.); (A.C.d.S.G.)
| | - Roland S. Kun
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (A.M.); (R.S.K.); (A.C.d.S.G.)
| | - Ana Carolina dos Santos Gomes
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (A.M.); (R.S.K.); (A.C.d.S.G.)
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jon K. Magnuson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (J.K.M.); (B.A.S.)
- US Department of Energy Joint Bioenergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (J.K.M.); (B.A.S.)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miia R. Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Uffe H. Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.K.); (K.L.); (K.B.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.N.); (L.S.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (I.V.G.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthias Brock
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (E.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Scott E. Baker
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (J.K.M.); (B.A.S.)
- US Department of Energy Joint Bioenergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (A.M.); (R.S.K.); (A.C.d.S.G.)
| | - Mikael R. Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (S.T.); (T.C.V.); (J.L.N.); (J.C.F.); (T.O.L.); (E.K.L.); (I.K.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (U.H.M.)
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Kong K, Huang Z, Shi S, Pan W, Zhang Y. Diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36707757 PMCID: PMC9883868 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, as special microorganisms, are important sources of antibacterial compounds. However, the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Pinellia Tenore have not been systematically studied. RESULTS A total of 77 fungi were isolated from roots, stems, leaves, and tubers of Pinellia ternata and P. pedatisecta. All fungi were belonged to five classes and twenty-five different genera. Biological activities tests indicated that 21 extracts of endophytic fungi exhibited antibacterial activities against at least one of the tested bacteria, and 22 fermentation broth of endophytic fungi showed strong phytotoxic activity against Echinochloa crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 100%. Furthermore, four compounds, including alternariol monomethyl ether (1), alternariol (2), dehydroaltenusin (3) and altertoxin II (4), and three compounds, including terreic acid (5), terremutin (6), citrinin (7), were isolated from Alternaria angustiovoidea PT09 of P. ternata and Aspergillus floccosus PP39 of P. pedatisecta, respectively. Compound 5 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae with the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 36.0, 31.0, 33.7, 40.2 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56, 3.13, 1.56, 1.56 μg/mL respectively, which were better than or equal to those of positive gentamicin sulfate. The metabolite 7 also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against P. syringae pv. actinidiae with the IZD of 26.0 mm and MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. In addition, the compound 7 had potent phytotoxic activity against E. crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 73.4% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Hence, this study showed that endophytic fungi of P. ternata and P. pedatisecta held promise for the development of new antibiotic and herbicide resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Kong
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Zhongdi Huang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Shuping Shi
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Weidong Pan
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
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Itaconic acid production is regulated by LaeA in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 15:e00203. [PMID: 36065328 PMCID: PMC9440423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global regulator LaeA controls secondary metabolism in diverse Aspergillus species. Here we explored its role in regulation of itaconic acid production in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. To understand its role in regulating metabolism, we deleted and overexpressed laeA, and assessed the transcriptome, proteome, and secreted metabolome prior to and during initiation of phosphate limitation induced itaconic acid production. We found that secondary metabolite clusters, including the itaconic acid biosynthetic gene cluster, are regulated by laeA and that laeA is required for high yield production of itaconic acid. Overexpression of LaeA improves itaconic acid yield at the expense of biomass by increasing the expression of key biosynthetic pathway enzymes and attenuating the expression of genes involved in phosphate acquisition and scavenging. Increased yield was observed in optimized conditions as well as conditions containing excess nutrients that may be present in inexpensive sugar containing feedstocks such as excess phosphate or complex nutrient sources. This suggests that global regulators of metabolism may be useful targets for engineering metabolic flux that is robust to environmental heterogeneity. The Itaconic acid biosynthetic gene cluster is regulated by laeA. LaeA is required for production of itaconic acid. Overexpression of laeA attenuates genes involved in phosphate acquisition. Global regulator engineering increases robustness of itaconic acid production.
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Christiansen JV, Larsen TO, Frisvad JC. Production of Fungal Quinones: Problems and Prospects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081041. [PMID: 36008938 PMCID: PMC9405642 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal quinones can be used for a variety of applications, such as pharmaceuticals, food colorants, textile dyes, and battery electrolytes. However, when producing quinones by fungal cultivation, many considerations arise regarding the feasibility of a production system, such as the quinone yield, purity, ease of extraction, and the co-production of mycotoxins. In this work, we display the initial screening of filamentous fungi for quinone production and evaluate their potential for future optimization. We investigated toluquinone (TQ) potentially produced by Penicillium cf. griseofulvum, terreic acid (TA) produced by Aspergillus parvulus and A. christenseniae, and anthraquinone (AQ) monomers and dimers produced by Talaromyces islandicus. The strains grew on various agar and/or liquid media and were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF MS). In the case of AQs, feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) was used for the identification of AQ analogs. TQ was not observed in the production strains. TA constituted one of the major chromatogram peaks and was secreted into the growth medium by A. parvulus. The AQs constituted many major chromatogram peaks in the mycelium extracts and endocrocin and citreorosein were observed extracellularly in small amounts.
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Sun WW, Li CY, Chiang YM, Lin TS, Warren S, Chang FR, Wang CCC. Characterization of a silent azaphilone biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus terreus NIH 2624. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 160:103694. [PMID: 35398258 PMCID: PMC9701353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungal secondary metabolites are an important source of bioactive components. Genome sequencing ofAspergillus terreusrevealed many silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters presumed to be involved in producing secondary metabolites. Activation of silent gene clusters through overexpressing a pathway-specific regulator is an effective avenue for discovering novel fungal secondary metabolites. Replacement of the native promoter of the pathway-specific activator with the inducible Tet-on system to activate thetazpathway led to the discovery of a series of azaphilone secondary metabolites, among which azaterrilone A (1) was purified and identified for the first time. Genetic deletion of core PKS genes and transcriptional analysis further characterized thetazgene cluster to consist of 16 genes with the NR-PKS and the HR-PKS collaborating in a convergent mode. Based on the putative gene functions and the characterized compounds structural information, a biosynthetic pathway of azaterrilone A (1) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chi-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shauna Warren
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Diversity of Neofusicoccum parvum for the Production of the Phytotoxic Metabolites (-)-Terremutin and (R)-Mellein. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030319. [PMID: 35330321 PMCID: PMC8948911 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Neofusicoccumparvum isolates and a UV mutant were characterized for their phytotoxin production in vitro, their pathogenicity on grapevine, and their genome sequenced. The isolate Np-Bt67 produced high level of (-)-terremutin, but almost no (R)-mellein, and it was the most aggressive on grapevine, triggering apoplexy. Similar symptoms were not induced by purified (-)-terremutin. The isolate Bourgogne S-116 (Np-B) produced 3-fold less (-)-terremutin and high amounts of (R)-mellein, but it was less aggressive on grapevine than Np-Bt67. The UV9 mutant obtained from Np-B (NpB-UV9) no longer produced (-)-terremutin but overproduced (R)-mellein by 2.5-fold, and it was as pathogenic as its parent. NpB-UV9 differed from its parent by simple mutations in two genes (transcription factor UCR-NP2_6692, regulatory protein UCR-NP2_9007), not located neither near (R)-mellein, nor (-)-terremutin biosynthetic genes, but likely involved in the control of (-)-terremutin biosynthesis. Grapevine immunity was disturbed upon challenge with these pathogens or purified phytotoxins, leading to an upregulation of SA-dependent defenses, while (-)-terremutin interfered with host JA/ET-dependent defenses. Our results suggest that neither (-)-terremutin nor (R)-mellein alone is essential for the pathogenicity of N. parvum on grapevine, since isolate/mutant non-producing these toxins in vitro is pathogenic. However, these phytotoxins could play a quantitative role in the infection process.
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El‐Hawary S, Mohammed R, Bahr H, Attia E, El‐Katatny M, Abelyan N, Al‐Sanea M, Moawad A, Abdelmohsen U. Soybean-associated endophytic fungi as potential source for anti-COVID-19 metabolites supported by docking analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1193-1211. [PMID: 33559270 PMCID: PMC8013715 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus, Aspergillus terreus and to explore the anti-viral activity of the identified metabolites against the pandemic disease COVID-19 in-silico. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we reported the isolation of A. terreus, the endophytic fungus associated with soybean roots, which is then subcultured using OSMAC approach in five different culture media. Analytical analysis of media ethylacetate extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was carried out. Furthermore, the obtained LC-MS data were statistically processed with MetaboAnalyst 4.0. Molecular docking studies were performed for the dereplicated metabolites against COVID-19 main protease (Mpro ). Metabolomic profiling revealed the presence of 18 compounds belonging to different chemical classes. Quinones, polyketides and isocoumarins were the most abundant classes. Multivariate analysis revealed that potato dextrose broth and modified potato dextrose broth are the optimal media for metabolites production. Molecular docking studies declared that the metabolites, Aspergillide B1 and 3a-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L showed the highest binding energy scores towards COVID-19 main protease (Mpro ) (-9·473) and (-9·386), respectively, and they interact strongly with the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) amino acid residues of Mpro . CONCLUSIONS A combination of metabolomics and in-silico approaches have allowed a shorter route to search for anti-COVID-19 natural products in a shorter time. The dereplicated metabolites, aspergillide B1 and 3α-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L were found to be potent anti-COVID-19 drug candidates in the molecular docking study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study revealed that the endophytic fungus, A. terreus can be considered as a potential source of natural bioactive products. In addition to, the possibility of developing the metabolites, aspergillide B1 and 3α-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L to be used as phytopharmaceuticals for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.S. El‐Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - R. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - H.S. Bahr
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Nahda University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - E.Z. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - M.H. El‐Katatny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - N. Abelyan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy Russian‐Armenian University Yerevan Armenia
- Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology Yerevan Armenia
| | - M.M. Al‐Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
| | - A.S. Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - U.R. Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Minia University Minia Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Deraya University New Minia City Minia Egypt
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Chang CC, Li CY, Tsai YH, El-Shazly M, Wei CK, Yang ZJ, Chen SL, Wu CC, Wu YC, Chang FR. Bioactive polyketides from the pathogenic fungus of Epicoccum sorghinum. PLANTA 2021; 253:116. [PMID: 33956231 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We discovered and identified a series of characteristic substances, including one new polyketide, epicorepoxydon B, of the important pathogenic fungus, Epicoccum sorghinum, of sorghum. The fungal extract and some isolated polyketides are sensitive to a malignant triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Sorghum (Kaoliang) grain is an important crop with high economic value and several applications. In Taiwan, sorghum has been used in the wine industry, and "Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor" is a well-known Asian brand. Fungal contamination is one of the major threats affecting the production of sorghum grain resulting in economic losses as well as human and animal health problems. Several fungal species can infect sorghum grain and generate some toxic secondary metabolites. Epicoccum sorghinum is one of the major fungal contaminants of sorghum grains and a potent producer of mycotoxins such as tenuazonic acid (TeA). However, except for TeA, few studies focused on chemical compounds produced by this fungus. To explore the potential biological and toxic effects of E. sorghinum, a chemical investigation was carried out on the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus because it showed cytotoxic activity against a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 (54.82% inhibition at 20 µg/mL). One new polyketide, epicorepoxydon B (1), along with six known compounds including 4,5-dihydroxy-6-(6'-methylsalicyloxy)-2-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexenl-one (2), epicorepoxydon A (3), 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4), 6-methylsalicylic acid (5), gentisyl alcohol (6), and 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (7) were obtained, and their structures were established by the interpretation of their MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activity of all isolated polyketides 1-7 was evaluated, and compounds 2, 6, and 7 exhibited potent activities against A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines with IC50 value ranging from 1.86 to 18.31 μM. The structure-activity relationship of the isolated compounds was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Chien-Kei Wei
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
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9
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Rokas A, Mead ME, Steenwyk JL, Raja HA, Oberlies NH. Biosynthetic gene clusters and the evolution of fungal chemodiversity. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:868-878. [PMID: 31898704 PMCID: PMC7332410 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019Fungi produce a remarkable diversity of secondary metabolites: small, bioactive molecules not required for growth but which are essential to their ecological interactions with other organisms. Genes that participate in the same secondary metabolic pathway typically reside next to each other in fungal genomes and form biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). By synthesizing state-of-the-art knowledge on the evolution of BGCs in fungi, we propose that fungal chemodiversity stems from three molecular evolutionary processes involving BGCs: functional divergence, horizontal transfer, and de novo assembly. We provide examples of how these processes have contributed to the generation of fungal chemodiversity, discuss their relative importance, and outline major, outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Li CY, Chang CC, Tsai YH, El-Shazly M, Wu CC, Wang SW, Hwang TL, Wei CK, Hohmann J, Yang ZJ, Cheng YB, Wu YC, Chang FR. Anti-inflammatory, Antiplatelet Aggregation, and Antiangiogenesis Polyketides from Epicoccum sorghinum: Toward an Understating of Its Biological Activities and Potential Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11092-11099. [PMID: 32455230 PMCID: PMC7241018 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of an endophyte Epicoccum sorghinum exhibited anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration of <10 μg/mL. By bioassay-guided fractionation, one new compound, named epicorepoxydon A (1), and one unusual bioactive compound, 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (6), together with six known compounds, were isolated from E. sorghinum. The structures of all isolates were established by spectroscopic analyses. The relative configuration of 1 was deduced by the NOESY spectrum and its absolute configuration was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The biological activities of all isolates were evaluated using four types of bioassays including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, and antiangiogenesis activities. Compounds 4 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity, compound 2 possessed potent antiplatelet aggregation and antiangiogenesis activities, and compound 6 demonstrated antiangiogenesis activity. This fungal species can cause a human hemorrhagic disorder known as onyalai. In this study, we identified the active components with antiplatelet aggregation and antiangiogenesis activities, which may be related to the hemorrhagic disorder caused by this fungus. Moreover, we proposed a biosynthetic pathway of the isolated polyketide secondary metabolites and investigated their structure-activity relationship (SAR). Our results suggested that E. sorghinum is a potent source of biologically active compounds that can be developed as antiplatelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying Li
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Chang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department
of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research
Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic
Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College
of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University
of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kei Wei
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary
Centre for Natural Products, University
of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zih-Jie Yang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Integrated Medicine, China
Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung
Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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11
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Romsdahl J, Wang CCC. Recent advances in the genome mining of Aspergillus secondary metabolites (covering 2012-2018). MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:840-866. [PMID: 31303983 PMCID: PMC6590338 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by filamentous fungi possess diverse bioactivities that make them excellent drug candidates. Whole genome sequencing has revealed that fungi have the capacity to produce a far greater number of SMs than have been isolated, since many of the genes involved in SM biosynthesis are either silent or expressed at very low levels in standard laboratory conditions. There has been significant effort to activate SM biosynthetic genes and link them to their downstream products, as the SMs produced by these "cryptic" pathways offer a promising source for new drug discovery. Further, an understanding of the genes involved in SM biosynthesis facilitates product yield optimization of first-generation molecules and genetic engineering of second-generation analogs. This review covers advances made in genome mining SMs produced by Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus in the past six years (2012-2018). Genetic identification and molecular characterization of SM biosynthetic gene clusters, along with proposed biosynthetic pathways, will be discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Romsdahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Avenue , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA . ; Tel: (323) 442 1670
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Avenue , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA . ; Tel: (323) 442 1670
- Department of Chemistry , Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences , University of Southern California , 3551 Trousdale Pkwy , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
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12
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Trotel-Aziz P, Abou-Mansour E, Courteaux B, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, Fontaine F, Aziz A. Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 Counteracts Botryosphaeria Dieback in Grapevine, Triggering Immune Responses and Detoxification of Fungal Phytotoxins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30733727 PMCID: PMC6354549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens have evolved various strategies to enter hosts and cause diseases. Particularly Neofusicoccum parvum, a member of Botryosphaeria dieback consortium, can secrete the phytotoxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein during grapevine colonization. The contribution of phytotoxins to Botryosphaeria dieback symptoms still remains unknown. Moreover, there are currently no efficient control strategies of this disease, and agro-environmental concerns have raised increasing interest in biocontrol strategies to limit disease spread in vineyards, especially by using some promising beneficial bacteria. Here, we first examined in planta the biocontrol capacity of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 against N. parvum Np-Bt67 strain producing both (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein. We then focused on the direct effects of PTA-271 on pathogen growth and the fate of pure phytotoxins, and explored the capacity of PTA-271 to induce or prime grapevine immunity upon pathogen infection or phytotoxin exposure. Results provided evidence that PTA-271 significantly protects grapevine cuttings against N. parvum and significantly primes the expression of PR2 (encoding a β-1,3-glucanase) and NCED2 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis) genes upon pathogen challenge. Using in vitro plantlets, we also showed that PTA-271 triggers the expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive genes, including GST1 (encoding a glutathione-S-transferase) involved in detoxification process. However, in PTA-271-pretreated plantlets, exogenous (-)-terremutin strongly lowered the expression of most of upregulated genes, except GST1. Data also indicated that PTA-271 can detoxify both (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein and antagonize N. parvum under in vitro conditions. Our findings highlight (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein as key aggressive molecules produced by N. parvum that may weaken grapevine immunity to promote Botryosphaeria dieback symptoms. However, PTA-271 can efficiently attenuate Botryosphaeria dieback by enhancing some host immune responses and detoxifying both phytotoxins produced by N. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Barbara Courteaux
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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13
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Kong C, Huang H, Xue Y, Liu Y, Peng Q, Liu Q, Xu Q, Zhu Q, Yin Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Cai M. Heterologous pathway assembly reveals molecular steps of fungal terreic acid biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2116. [PMID: 29391515 PMCID: PMC5794859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Terreic acid is a potential anticancer drug as it inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase; however, its biosynthetic molecular steps remain unclear. In this work, the individual reactions of terreic acid biosynthesis were determined by stepwise pathway assembly in a heterologous host, Pichia pastoris, on the basis of previous knockout studies in a native host, Aspergillus terreus. Polyketide synthase AtX was found to catalyze the formation of partially reduced polyketide 6-methylsalicylic acid, followed by 3-methylcatechol synthesis by salicylate 1-monooxygenase AtA-mediated decarboxylative hydroxylation of 6-methylsalicylic acid. Our results show that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase AtE hydroxylates 3-methylcatechol, thus producing the next product, 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriol. A smaller putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, AtG, assists with this step. Then, AtD causes epoxidation and hydroxyl oxidation of 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriol and produces a compound terremutin, via which the previously unknown function of AtD was identified as cyclooxygenation. The final step involves an oxidation reaction of a hydroxyl group by a glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, AtC, which leads to the final product: terreic acid. Functions of AtD and AtG were determined for the first time. All the genes were reanalyzed and all intermediates and final products were isolated and identified. Our model fully defines the molecular steps and corrects previous results from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuixing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hezhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiangqiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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14
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Tannous J, Keller NP, Atoui A, El Khoury A, Lteif R, Oswald IP, Puel O. Secondary metabolism in Penicillium expansum: Emphasis on recent advances in patulin research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2082-2098. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1305945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tannous
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Technologie et Valorisation Alimentaire, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission-CNRS, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Technologie et Valorisation Alimentaire, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roger Lteif
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Technologie et Valorisation Alimentaire, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle P. Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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15
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Global analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters reveals vast potential of secondary metabolite production in Penicillium species. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17044. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Antioxidant compounds produced by Pseudocercospora sp. ESL 02, an endophytic fungus isolated from Elaeocarpus sylvestris. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Oakley CE, Ahuja M, Sun WW, Entwistle R, Akashi T, Yaegashi J, Guo CJ, Cerqueira GC, Russo Wortman J, Wang CCC, Chiang YM, Oakley BR. Discovery of McrA, a master regulator of Aspergillus secondary metabolism. Mol Microbiol 2016; 103:347-365. [PMID: 27775185 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are extremely important in medicine and agriculture, but regulation of their biosynthesis is incompletely understood. We have developed a genetic screen in Aspergillus nidulans for negative regulators of fungal SM gene clusters and we have used this screen to isolate mutations that upregulate transcription of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene required for nidulanin A biosynthesis. Several of these mutations are allelic and we have identified the mutant gene by genome sequencing. The gene, which we designate mcrA, is conserved but uncharacterized, and it encodes a putative transcription factor. Metabolite profiles of mcrA deletant, mcrA overexpressing, and parental strains reveal that mcrA regulates at least ten SM gene clusters. Deletion of mcrA stimulates SM production even in strains carrying a deletion of the SM regulator laeA, and deletion of mcrA homologs in Aspergillus terreus and Penicillum canescens alters the secondary metabolite profile of these organisms. Deleting mcrA in a genetic dereplication strain has allowed us to discover two novel compounds as well as an antibiotic not known to be produced by A. nidulans. Deletion of mcrA upregulates transcription of hundreds of genes including many that are involved in secondary metabolism, while downregulating a smaller number of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Manmeet Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Wei-Wen Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Ruth Entwistle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Tomohiro Akashi
- Division of OMICS analysis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junko Yaegashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Gustavo C Cerqueira
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Russo Wortman
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Dornsife Colleges of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan, 71710, Republic of China
| | - Berl R Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
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18
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Abstract
Species belonging to Aspergillus section Cervini are characterised by radiate or short columnar, fawn coloured, uniseriate conidial heads. The morphology of the taxa in this section is very similar and isolates assigned to these species are frequently misidentified. In this study, a polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data, temperature profiles and partial BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences to examine the relationships within this section. Based on this taxonomic approach the section Cervini is resolved in ten species including six new species: A. acidohumus, A. christenseniae, A. novoguineensis, A. subnutans, A. transcarpathicus and A. wisconsinensis. A dichotomous key for the identification is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - X Z Jiang
- R&D Centre, Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Road, Shangdi Zone, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yin Y, Cai M, Zhou X, Li Z, Zhang Y. Polyketides in Aspergillus terreus: biosynthesis pathway discovery and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7787-98. [PMID: 27455860 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of biosynthesis gene clusters, production improving methods, and bioactivity mechanisms is very important for the development of filamentous fungi metabolites. Metabolic engineering and heterologous expression methods can be applied to improve desired metabolite production, when their biosynthesis pathways have been revealed. And, stable supplement is a necessary basis of bioactivity mechanism discovery and following clinical trial. Aspergillus terreus is an outstanding producer of many bioactive agents, and a large part of them are polyketides. In this review, we took polyketides from A. terreus as examples, focusing on 13 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in A. terreus NIH 2624 genome. The biosynthesis pathways of nine PKS genes have been reported, and their downstream metabolites are lovastatin, terreic acid, terrein, geodin, terretonin, citreoviridin, and asperfuranone, respectively. Among them, lovastatin is a well-known hypolipidemic agent. Terreic acid, terrein, citreoviridin, and asperfuranone show good bioactivities, especially anticancer activities. On the other hand, geodin and terretonin are mycotoxins. So, biosynthesis gene cluster information is important for the production or elimination of them. We also predicted three possible gene clusters that contain four PKS genes by homologous gene alignment with other Aspergillus strains. We think that this is an effective way to mine secondary metabolic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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20
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Characterization of the product of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like (NRPS-like) gene using the doxycycline dependent Tet-on system in Aspergillus terreus. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 89:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Cheng C, MacIntyre L, Abdelmohsen UR, Horn H, Polymenakou PN, Edrada-Ebel R, Hentschel U. Biodiversity, Anti-Trypanosomal Activity Screening, and Metabolomic Profiling of Actinomycetes Isolated from Mediterranean Sponges. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138528. [PMID: 26407167 PMCID: PMC4583450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponge–associated actinomycetes are considered as promising sources for the discovery of novel biologically active compounds. In the present study, a total of 64 actinomycetes were isolated from 12 different marine sponge species that had been collected offshore the islands of Milos and Crete, Greece, eastern Mediterranean. The isolates were affiliated to 23 genera representing 8 different suborders based on nearly full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four putatively novel species belonging to genera Geodermatophilus, Microlunatus, Rhodococcus and Actinomycetospora were identified based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of < 98.5% to currently described strains. Eight actinomycete isolates showed bioactivities against Trypanosma brucei brucei TC221 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values <20 μg/mL. Thirty four isolates from the Milos collection and 12 isolates from the Crete collection were subjected to metabolomic analysis using high resolution LC-MS and NMR for dereplication purposes. Two isolates belonging to the genera Streptomyces (SBT348) and Micromonospora (SBT687) were prioritized based on their distinct chemistry profiles as well as their anti-trypanosomal activities. These findings demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of utilizing metabolomics tools to prioritize chemically unique strains from microorganism collections and further highlight sponges as rich source for novel and bioactive actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Dept. of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lynsey MacIntyre
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Dept. of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Horn
- Dept. of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paraskevi N. Polymenakou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Gournes Pediados, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RE-E); (UH)
| | - Ute Hentschel
- Dept. of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (RE-E); (UH)
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22
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Arroyo-Manzanares N, Diana Di Mavungu J, Uka V, Malysheva SV, Cary JW, Ehrlich KC, Vanhaecke L, Bhatnagar D, De Saeger S. Use of UHPLC high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry to investigate the genes involved in the production of secondary metabolites inAspergillus flavus. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1656-73. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Frisvad JC, Larsen TO. Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7859-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Klitgaard A, Frandsen RJN, Holm DK, Knudsen PB, Frisvad JC, Nielsen KF. Combining UHPLC-High Resolution MS and Feeding of Stable Isotope Labeled Polyketide Intermediates for Linking Precursors to End Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1518-1525. [PMID: 26132344 DOI: 10.1021/np500979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the results from stable isotope labeled precursor feeding studies combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of labeled polyketide (PK) end-products. Feeding experiments were performed with (13)C8-6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MSA) and (13)C14-YWA1, both produced in-house, as well as commercial (13)C7-benzoic acid and (2)H7-cinnamic acid, in species of Fusarium, Byssochlamys, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Incorporation of 6-MSA into terreic acid or patulin was not observed in any of six evaluated species covering three genera, because the 6-MSA was shunted into (2Z,4E)-2-methyl-2,4-hexadienedioic acid. This indicates that patulin and terreic acid may be produced in a closed compartment of the cell and that (2Z,4E)-2-methyl-2,4-hexadienedioic acid is a detoxification product toward terreic acid and patulin. In Fusarium spp., YWA1 was shown to be incorporated into aurofusarin, rubrofusarin, and antibiotic Y. In A. niger, benzoic acid was shown to be incorporated into asperrubrol. Incorporation levels of 0.7-20% into the end-products were detected in wild-type strains. Thus, stable isotope labeling is a promising technique for investigation of polyketide biosynthesis and possible compartmentalization of toxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klitgaard
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus J N Frandsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dorte K Holm
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter B Knudsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian F Nielsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Tannous J, Atoui A, El Khoury A, Kantar S, Chdid N, Oswald IP, Puel O, Lteif R. Development of a real-time PCR assay for Penicillium expansum quantification and patulin estimation in apples. Food Microbiol 2015; 50:28-37. [PMID: 25998812 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the occurrence and spread of the fungal contaminants in food and the difficulties to remove their resulting mycotoxins, rapid and accurate methods are needed for early detection of these mycotoxigenic fungi. The polymerase chain reaction and the real time PCR have been widely used for this purpose. Apples are suitable substrates for fungal colonization mostly caused by Penicillium expansum, which produces the mycotoxin patulin during fruit infection. This study describes the development of a real-time PCR assay incorporating an internal amplification control (IAC) to specifically detect and quantify P. expansum. A specific primer pair was designed from the patF gene, involved in patulin biosynthesis. The selected primer set showed a high specificity for P. expansum and was successfully employed in a standardized real-time PCR for the direct quantification of this fungus in apples. Using the developed system, twenty eight apples were analyzed for their DNA content. Apples were also analyzed for patulin content by HPLC. Interestingly, a positive correlation (R(2) = 0.701) was found between P. expansum DNA content and patulin concentration. This work offers an alternative to conventional methods of patulin quantification and mycological detection of P. expansum and could be very useful for the screening of patulin in fruits through the application of industrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tannous
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (Faculté des Sciences), Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, P.O Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, 1107 2050 Beirut, Lebanon; INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, Cedex, France; Université de Toulouse III, ENVT, INP, UMR 1331, Toxalim, F-31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission-CNRS, P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, 1107 2260 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - André El Khoury
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (Faculté des Sciences), Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, P.O Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, 1107 2050 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Kantar
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (Faculté des Sciences), Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, P.O Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, 1107 2050 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nader Chdid
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (Faculté des Sciences), Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, P.O Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, 1107 2050 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, Cedex, France; Université de Toulouse III, ENVT, INP, UMR 1331, Toxalim, F-31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Puel
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, Cedex, France; Université de Toulouse III, ENVT, INP, UMR 1331, Toxalim, F-31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Roger Lteif
- Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (Faculté des Sciences), Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, P.O Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, 1107 2050 Beirut, Lebanon
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26
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Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as forazoline A from an Actinomadura species.
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27
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Guo CJ, Wang CCC. Recent advances in genome mining of secondary metabolites in Aspergillus terreus. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:717. [PMID: 25566227 PMCID: PMC4274970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are rich resources of secondary metabolites (SMs) with a variety of interesting biological activities. Recent advances in genome sequencing and techniques in genetic manipulation have enabled researchers to study the biosynthetic genes of these SMs. Aspergillus terreus is the well-known producer of lovastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug. This fungus also produces other SMs, including acetylaranotin, butyrolactones, and territram, with interesting bioactivities. This review will cover recent progress in genome mining of SMs identified in this fungus. The identification and characterization of the gene cluster for these SMs, as well as the proposed biosynthetic pathways, will be discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Chemistry, College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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