1
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Yeom S, Ohmori K. One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Benzotropones via a Phthalide Ring-Opening/Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Cascade. Org Lett 2024; 26:5120-5124. [PMID: 38855901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A one-pot protocol was developed for the synthesis of functionalized benzotropone derivatives via a nucleophilic phthalide ring opening by a 5-lithiated dioxinone derivative, followed by an intramolecular aldol condensation. The method demonstrates exceptional versatility with diverse substrates, yielding a variety of functionalized benzotropones. Subsequent transformations of the obtained benzotropone derivatives were explored for their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeun Yeom
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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2
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Liu J, Lu J, Zhang C, Zhou Q, Jamieson CS, Shang C, Houk KN, Zhou J, Hu Y. Tandem intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions are catalysed by glycosylated enzymes for natural product biosynthesis. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01260-8. [PMID: 37365335 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Tandem Diels-Alder reactions are frequently used in the construction of polycyclic ring systems in complex organic compounds. Unlike the many Diels-Alderases (DAases) that catalyse a single cycloaddition, enzymes for multiple Diels-Alder reactions are rare. Here we demonstrate that two calcium-ion-dependent glycosylated enzymes, EupfF and PycR1, independently catalyse sequential, intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions in the biosynthesis of bistropolone-sesquiterpenes. We elucidate the origins of catalysis and stereoselectivity within these DAases through analysis of enzyme co-crystal structures, together with computational and mutational studies. These enzymes are secreted as glycoproteins with diverse N-glycans. The N-glycan at N211 in PycR1 significantly increases the affinity to the calcium ion, which in turn regulates the active cavity, making it specifically interact with substrates to accelerate the tandem [4 + 2] cycloaddition. The synergistic effect of the calcium ion and N-glycan on the catalytic centre of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism, especially for complex tandem reactions, can extend our understanding of protein evolution and improve the artificial design of biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cooper S Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Changhui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Catalysis of Natural Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Murelli RP, Berkowitz AJ, Zuschlag DW. Carbocycloaddition Strategies for Troponoid Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2023; 130:133175. [PMID: 36777111 PMCID: PMC9910567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tropone is the prototypical aromatic 7-membered ring, and can be found in virtually any undergraduate textbook as a key example of non-benzenoid aromaticity. Aside from this important historical role, tropone is also of high interest as a uniquely reactive synthon in complex chemical synthesis as well as a valuable chemotype in drug design. More recently, there has been growing interest in the utility of tropones for catalysis and material science. Thus, synthetic strategies capable of synthesizing functional tropones are key to fully exploiting the potential of this aromatic ring system. Cycloaddition reactions are particularly powerful methods for constructing carbocycles, and these strategies in turn have proven to be powerful for generating troponoids. The following review article provides an overview of strategies for troponoids wherein the 7-membered carbocycle is generated through a cycloaddition reaction. Representative examples of each strategy are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Alex J Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Daniel W Zuschlag
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
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4
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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5
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Purdy TN, Moore BS, Lukowski AL. Harnessing ortho-Quinone Methides in Natural Product Biosynthesis and Biocatalysis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:688-701. [PMID: 35108487 PMCID: PMC9006567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediates in complex molecule assembly represents a remarkably efficient strategy designed by Nature and utilized by synthetic chemists. o-QMs have been taken advantage of in biomimetic syntheses for decades, yet relatively few examples of o-QM-generating enzymes in natural product biosynthetic pathways have been reported. The biosynthetic enzymes that have been discovered thus far exhibit tremendous potential for biocatalytic applications, enabling the selective production of desirable compounds that are otherwise intractable or inherently difficult to achieve by traditional synthetic methods. Characterization of this biosynthetic machinery has the potential to shine a light on new enzymes capable of similar chemistry on diverse substrates, thus expanding our knowledge of Nature's catalytic repertoire. The presently known o-QM-generating enzymes include flavin-dependent oxidases, hetero-Diels-Alderases, S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent pericyclases, and α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes. In this review, we discuss their diverse enzymatic mechanisms and potential as biocatalysts in constructing natural product molecules such as cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor N Purdy
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - April L Lukowski
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Mu Y, Yao Q, Yin L, Fu S, Wang M, Yuan Y, Kong L, Li Y. Atom-Economic Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bridged Ring Systems Initiated by Ring Expansion of Indene-1,3-dione. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6755-6764. [PMID: 33847128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An atom economic procedure for the regioselective synthesis of bridged seven-membered-ring compounds from simple reactants such as ynones and indene-1,3-dione has been developed. This process was realized through the one-pot reactions of ring-expansion of indene-1,3-dione with alkynyl ketones and successive formal [4+2] cycloaddition. The Michael addition reaction is the key for the regioselectivity of the formal [4+2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiyi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liqiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Siyi Fu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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7
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Bemis CY, Ungarean CN, Shved AS, Jamieson CS, Hwang T, Lee KS, Houk KN, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis and Computational Investigations of Sesquiterpene-Tropolones Ameliorate Stereochemical Inconsistencies and Resolve an Ambiguous Biosynthetic Relationship. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6006-6017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y. Bemis
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chad N. Ungarean
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander S. Shved
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cooper S. Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Taehwan Hwang
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ken S. Lee
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Schiavone DV, Kapkayeva DM, Murelli RP. Investigations into a Stoichiometrically Equivalent Intermolecular Oxidopyrylium [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Leveraging 3-Hydroxy-4-pyrone-Based Oxidopyrylium Dimers. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3826-3835. [PMID: 33586990 PMCID: PMC8061303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidopyrylium [5 + 2] cycloaddition reactions are powerful strategies for constructing complex bicyclic architectures. However, intermolecular cycloadditions of oxidopyrylium ylides are limited due to competing dimerization processes; consequently, high equivalents of dipolarophiles are often used to help intercept the ylide prior to dimerization. Recent studies by our lab have revealed that oxidopyrylium dimers derived from 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones are capable of reverting back to ylides in situ and as a result can be used as clean oxidopyrylium ylide sources. The following manuscript investigates intermolecular cycloaddition reactions between 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone-derived oxidopyrylium dimers and stoichiometrically equivalent ratios of alkyne dipolarophiles under thermal conditions. With certain reactive alkynes, pure cycloadducts can be obtained following a simple evaporation of the solvent, which is a benefit of the completely atom-economical reaction conditions. However, when less reactive alkynes are used the yields suffer due to a competing dimer rearrangement. Finally, when reactive-yet-volatile alkynes are used, such as methyl propiolate, competing 2:1 ylide/alkyne cycloadducts are observed. Intriguingly, these complex cycloadducts, which can be obtained in good yields from the pure cycloadducts, form with high regio- and stereoselectivities; however, both the regio-and stereoselectivities differ remarkably based on the source of the oxidopyrylium ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana M. Kapkayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Kahlert L, Schotte C, Cox RJ. Total Mycosynthesis: Rational Bioconstruction and Bioengineering of Fungal Natural Products. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1401-2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTotal biosynthesis in fungi is beginning to compete with traditional chemical total synthesis campaigns. Herein, the advantages, disadvantages and future opportunities are discussed within the scope of several recent examples.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Examples2.1 2-Pyridones2.2 Cytochalasans2.3 Sorbicillinoids2.4 Decalins: Solanapyrone2.5 α-Pyrone Polyenes: Citreoviridin and Aurovertin2.6 Anditomin and Related Meroterpenoids2.7 Tropolone Sesquiterpenoids3 Conclusion
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10
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Schotte C, Li L, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Cox RJ. Synthetic Biology Driven Biosynthesis of Unnatural Tropolone Sesquiterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23870-23878. [PMID: 32929811 PMCID: PMC7814671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tropolone sesquiterpenoids (TS) are an intriguing family of biologically active fungal meroterpenoids that arise through a unique intermolecular hetero Diels-Alder (hDA) reaction between humulene and tropolones. Here, we report on the combinatorial biosynthesis of a series of unprecedented analogs of the TS pycnidione 1 and xenovulene A 2. In a systematic synthetic biology driven approach, we recombined genes from three TS biosynthetic gene clusters (pycnidione 1, xenovulene A 2 and eupenifeldin 3) in the fungal host Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1. Rational design of the reconstituted pathways granted control over the number of hDA reactions taking place, the chemical nature of the fused polyketide moiety (tropolono- vs. monobenzo-pyranyl) and the degree of hydroxylation. Formation of unexpected monobenzopyranyl sesquiterpenoids was investigated using isotope-feeding studies to reveal a new and highly unusual oxidative ring contraction rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schotte
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167HannoverGermany
| | - Lei Li
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology—CeBiTecUniversitätsstraße 2733615BielefeldGermany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology—CeBiTecUniversitätsstraße 2733615BielefeldGermany
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167HannoverGermany
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11
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Wang Q, May JA. Formation of β-Oxo- N-vinylimidates via Intermolecular Ester Incorporation in Huisgen Cyclization/Carbene Cascade Reactions. Org Lett 2020; 22:9579-9584. [PMID: 33300803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unusual intermolecular trapping of esters by carbenes generated via a Huisgen cyclization/retroelectrocyclization/dediazotization cascade reaction is presented. β-Oxo-N-vinylimidates could be obtained in one step from propargyl carbonazidates. Mechanistic control experiments suggested reversible dipole formation by ester addition to the carbene, and nitrogen attack to the ester carbonyl was irreversibly followed by stereoselective decarboxylative elimination to give the Z-vinyl imidate. The cross-conjugated enone, imidate, and enamine functional groups in the β-oxo-N-vinylimidates offer novel syntheses of functionalized oxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Jeremy A May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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12
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Schotte C, Li L, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Cox RJ. Synthetisch biologisch getriebene Biosynthese von unnatürlichen Tropolon‐Sesquiterpenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schotte
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BMWZ Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Lei Li
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BMWZ Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Centrum für Biotechnologie – CeBiTec Universitätsstraße 27 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Centrum für Biotechnologie – CeBiTec Universitätsstraße 27 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BMWZ Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Deutschland
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13
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Vieira de Castro T, Yahiaoui O, Peralta RA, Fallon T, Lee V, George JH. Biomimetic Synthesis Enables the Structure Revision of Littordials E and F and Drychampone B. Org Lett 2020; 22:8161-8166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oussama Yahiaoui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ricardo A. Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Victor Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jonathan H. George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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14
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Chen Q, Gao J, Jamieson C, Liu J, Ohashi M, Bai J, Yan D, Liu B, Che Y, Wang Y, Houk KN, Hu Y. Enzymatic Intermolecular Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction in the Biosynthesis of Tropolonic Sesquiterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14052-14056. [PMID: 31461283 PMCID: PMC6944466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diels-Alder reactions are among the most powerful synthetic transformations to construct complex natural products. Despite that increasing of enzymatic intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions have been discovered, natural intermolecular Diels-Alderases are rarely described. Here, we report an intermolecular hetero-Diels-Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of tropolonic sesquiterpenes and functionally characterize EupfF as the first fungal intermolecular hetero-Diels-Alderase. We demonstrate that EupfF catalyzed the dehydration of a hydroxymethyl-containing tropolone (5) to generate a reactive tropolone o-quinone methide (6) and might further stereoselectively control the subsequent intermolecular hetero-Diels-Alder reaction with (1E,4E,8Z)-humulenol (8) to produce enantiomerically pure neosetophomone B (1). Our results reveal the biosynthetic pathway of 1 and expand the repertoire of activities of Diels-Alder cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Cooper Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Daojian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Catalysis of Natural Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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15
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Zhai Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Ren F, Zhang X, Liu G, Liu X, Che Y. Identification of the gene cluster for bistropolone-humulene meroterpenoid biosynthesis in Phoma sp. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 129:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Zhang J, Li Y, Ren F, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu L, Che Y. Phomanolides C-F from a Phoma sp.: Meroterpenoids Generated via Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1678-1685. [PMID: 31120749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phomanolides C-F (1-4), four new meroterpenoids, were isolated from a Phoma sp., together with the known phomanolides A (5) and B (6); their structures were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism calculations, and that of 4 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. Compounds 1-3 incorporate an unprecedented trioxa[4.4.3]propellane subunit in their skeletons. Compounds 2 and 4 were weakly cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Li PJ, Dräger G, Kirschning A. A General Biomimetic Hetero-Diels-Alder Approach to the Core Skeletons of Xenovulene A and the Sterhirsutins A and B. Org Lett 2019; 21:998-1001. [PMID: 30694066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic, regio- and stereoselective approach to the 5,6,11-tricyclic core skeleton of xenovulene A, as well as sterhirsutins A and B, is described. The key steps are a biomimetic inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition of α-humulene and a ribose-derived vinyl ketone, followed by acid-catalyzed rearrangement of the 1,3-dioxolane that neighbors the resultant cyclic enol ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jun Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1 B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1 B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1 B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
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18
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Bejcek LP, Murelli RP. Oxidopyrylium [5+2] Cycloaddition Chemistry: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances (2008-2018). Tetrahedron 2018; 74:2501-2521. [PMID: 30455508 PMCID: PMC6238658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Bejcek
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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19
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Three previously unrecognised classes of biosynthetic enzymes revealed during the production of xenovulene A. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1963. [PMID: 29773797 PMCID: PMC5958101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenovulene A is a complex fungal meroterpenoid, produced by the organism hitherto known as Acremonium strictum IMI 501407, for which limited biosynthetic evidence exists. Here, we generate a draft genome and show that the producing organism is previously unknown and should be renamed as Sarocladium schorii. A biosynthetic gene cluster is discovered which bears resemblance to those involved in the biosynthesis of fungal tropolones, with additional genes of unknown function. Heterologous reconstruction of the entire pathway in Aspergillus oryzae allows the chemical steps of biosynthesis to be dissected. The pathway shows very limited similarity to the biosynthesis of other fungal meroterpenoids. The pathway features: the initial formation of tropolone intermediates; the likely involvement of a hetero Diels–Alder enzyme; a terpene cyclase with no significant sequence homology to any known terpene cyclase and two enzymes catalysing oxidative-ring contractions. Xenovulene A is a fungal compound that has the potential to be used as an antidepressant. Here, the authors unravel the pathway leading to its formation in fungi and discover a new class of enzymes, which accounts for some unusual chemistry in the synthesis of xenovulene.
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20
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D’Erasmo MP, Meck C, Lewis CA, Murelli RP. Discovery and Development of a Three-Component Oxidopyrylium [5 + 2] Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3744-51. [PMID: 27018974 PMCID: PMC5095581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Hydroxy-γ-pyrone-based oxidopyrylium cycloaddition reactions are useful methods for accessing a highly diverse range of oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane products. Intermolecular variants of the reaction require the formation of a methyl triflate-based pre-ylide salt that upon treatment with base in the presence of alkenes or alkynes leads to α-methoxyenone-containing bicyclic products. Herein, we describe our discovery that the use of ethanol-stabilized chloroform as solvent leads to the generation of α-ethoxyenone-containing bicyclic byproducts. This three-component process was further optimized by gently heating a mixture of a purified version of the oxidopyrylium dimer in the presence of an alcohol prior to addition of a dipolarophile. Using this convenient procedure, several new oxidopyrylium cycloaddition products can be generated in moderate yields. We also highlight the method in a tandem ring-opening/debenzylation method for the generation of α-hydroxytropolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. D’Erasmo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Meck
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chad A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Reddy BVS, Reddy EP, Sridhar B, Rao YJ. Rhodium-catalyzed cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides for the synthesis of spiro[furo[2,3-a]xanthene-2,3′-indolin]-2′-one scaffolds. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05661j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rh(ii)-catalyzed cycloaddition of 3-diazooxindoles with 2-methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes has been developed to produce tetrahydro-3H,4H-spiro[furo[2,3-a]xanthene-2,3′-indolin]-2′-ones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Subba Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - E. Pravardhan Reddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - B. Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Y. Jayaprakash Rao
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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22
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Zhang J, Liu L, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu X, Che Y. Phomanolides A and B from the Fungus Phoma sp.: Meroterpenoids Derived from a Putative Tropolonic Sesquiterpene via Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:3058-3066. [PMID: 26651221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phomanolides A (1) and B (2), unique meroterpenoids with new pentacyclic and tetracyclic skeletons, respectively, and phomanoxide (3), the double-epoxidation product of a putative biosynthetic precursor of 1 and 2, were isolated from the solid substrate fermentation cultures of the fungus Phoma sp., along with the known compound eupenifeldin (4). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism calculations and further secured by X-ray crystallography. Biogenetically, compounds 1 and 2 could be derived from a hypothetical monotropolonic sesquiterpene intermediate via hetero-Diels-Alder reactions. Compound 4 showed potent antiproliferative effects against three human glioma cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.08-0.13 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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23
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Ford A, Miel H, Ring A, Slattery CN, Maguire AR, McKervey MA. Modern Organic Synthesis with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9981-10080. [PMID: 26284754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1071] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugues Miel
- Almac Discovery Ltd. , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - M Anthony McKervey
- Almac Sciences Ltd. , Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
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24
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Liu N, Song W, Schienebeck CM, Zhang M, Tang W. Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Tropones and Tropolones. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:9281-9305. [PMID: 25400298 PMCID: PMC4228802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tropones and tropolones are an important class of seven-membered non-benzenoid aromatic compounds. They can be prepared directly by oxidation of seven-membered rings. They can also be derived from cyclization or cycloaddition of appropriate precursors followed by elimination or rearrangement. This review discusses the types of naturally occurring tropones and tropolones and outlines important methods developed for the synthesis of tropone and tropolone natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Wangze Song
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Casi M. Schienebeck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Min Zhang
- Innovative Drug Discovery Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Rd, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
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25
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Meck C, D'Erasmo MP, Hirsch DR, Murelli RP. The biology and synthesis of α-hydroxytropolones. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:842-852. [PMID: 25089179 PMCID: PMC4114738 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
α-Hydroxytropolones are a subclass of the troponoid family of natural products that are of high interest due to their broad biological activity and potential as treatment options for several diseases. Despite this promise, there have been scarce synthetic chemistry-driven optimization studies on the molecules. The following review highlights key developments in the biological studies conducted on α-hydroxytropolones to date, including the few synthetic chemistry-driven optimization studies. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods currently available to access these molecules. This review is intended to serve as a resource for those interested in biological activity of α-hydroxytropolones, and inspire the development of new synthetic methods and strategies that could aid in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meck
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael P D'Erasmo
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Danielle R Hirsch
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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26
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Williams YD, Meck C, Mohd N, Murelli RP. Triflic acid-mediated rearrangements of 3-methoxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-ones: synthesis of methoxytropolones and furans. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11707-13. [PMID: 24171600 PMCID: PMC3909939 DOI: 10.1021/jo401617r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methoxytropolones are useful scaffolds for therapeutic development because of their known biological activity and established value in the synthesis of α-hydroxytropolones. Upon treatment with triflic acid, a series of 3-methoxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-ones rearrange rapidly and cleanly to form methoxytropolones. Interestingly, bicycles that are derived from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (R(2) = R(3) = CO2Me) instead form furans as the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bed-ford Avenue, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Christine Meck
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bed-ford Avenue, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Noushad Mohd
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bed-ford Avenue, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bed-ford Avenue, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
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27
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Abstract
Ortho-lithiated styrenes or ortho-lithiated benzaldehyde dimethyl acetals were added to 2,2-dimethoxypent-4-enals 7. The resulting alcohols were carried on to the aromatic dienones 10. These were ring-closed by olefin metathesis. Hydrolysis of the dimethyl ketal moiety and enolization provided the 3,4-benzotropolones 5. Overall, this access comprises 4-6 steps and totaled a 22-81% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Arican
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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28
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Meck C, Mohd N, Murelli RP. An oxidopyrylium cyclization/ring-opening route to polysubstituted α-hydroxytropolones. Org Lett 2012; 14:5988-91. [PMID: 23167954 PMCID: PMC3518617 DOI: 10.1021/ol302892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Hydroxytropolones are a class of molecules with therapeutic potential against several human diseases. However, structure-activity relationship studies on these molecules have been limited due to a scarcity of efficient synthetic methods to access them. It is demonstrated herein that α-hydroxytropolones can be generated through a BCl(3)-mediated ring-opening/aromatization/demethylation process on 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes. Used in conjunction with an improved method based on established oxidopyrylium dipolar cycloadditions, several polysubstituted α-hydroxytropolones can be accessed in three steps from readily available α-hydroxy-γ-pyrones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meck
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn College 11210
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Noushad Mohd
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn College 11210
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn College 11210
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016
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29
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Hsiao CJ, Hsiao SH, Chen WL, Guh JH, Hsiao G, Chan YJ, Lee TH, Chung CL. Pycnidione, a fungus-derived agent, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 197:23-30. [PMID: 22450442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pycnidione, a small tropolone first isolated from the fermented broth of Theissenia rogersii 92031201, exhibits antitumor activities through an undefined mechanism. The present study evaluated the effects and mechanisms of pycnidione on the growth and death of A549 human lung cancer cells. Pycnidione significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a 50% growth inhibition (GI(50)) value of approximately 9.3nM at 48h. Pycnidione significantly decreased the expression of cyclins D1 and E and induced G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest and a subsequent increase in the sub-G(1) phase population. Pycnidione also markedly reduced the expression of survivin and activated caspase-8 and -3, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caused the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and enhanced PAI-1 production, thus triggering apoptosis in the A549 cells. Taken together, pycnidione exerts anti-proliferative effects on human lung cancer cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, testing of its effects in vivo is warranted to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic agent against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Hsiao
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Xing S, Li Y, Li Z, Liu C, Ren J, Wang Z. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular [3+2] Cross-Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Carbonyls: A General Strategy for the Construction of Acetal[n.2.1] Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Xing S, Li Y, Li Z, Liu C, Ren J, Wang Z. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular [3+2] Cross-Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Carbonyls: A General Strategy for the Construction of Acetal[n.2.1] Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12605-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Ferreira SB, da Silva FDC, Pinto AC, Gonzaga DTG, Ferreira VF. Syntheses of chromenes and chromanesvia o-quinone methide intermediates. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Kaloko JJ, Teng YHG, Ojima I. One-step formation of fused tetracyclic skeletons from cyclohexene-diynes and carbon monoxide through Rh(i)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4569-71. [DOI: 10.1039/b909781c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Singh V, Murali Krishna U, Vikrant, Trivedi GK. Cycloaddition of oxidopyrylium species in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Bulger PG, Bagal SK, Marquez R. Recent advances in biomimetic natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:254-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b705909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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37
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Nikolaev V, Linden A, Heimgartner H. Thermolysis of Imidates: A New Method for the Generation of Carbonyl Ylides. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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39
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Sugimoto H, Nakamura S, Ohwada T. Generation and Application ofo-Quinone Methides Bearing Various Substituents on the Benzene Ring. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Bailey AM, Cox RJ, Harley K, Lazarus CM, Simpson TJ, Skellam E. Characterisation of 3-methylorcinaldehyde synthase (MOS) in Acremonium strictum: first observation of a reductive release mechanism during polyketide biosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4053-5. [PMID: 17912413 DOI: 10.1039/b708614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and sequencing of a PKS gene isolated from xenovulene-producing cultures of Acremonium strictum indicated the presence of NT-, KS-, AT-, PT-, C-MeT- and R-domains; heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the production of 3-methylorcinaldehyde, demonstrating the role of the terminal reductase domain in product release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, UK BS8 1UG
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41
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Hirata Y, Nakamura S, Watanabe N, Kataoka O, Kurosaki T, Anada M, Kitagaki S, Shiro M, Hashimoto S. Total Syntheses of Zaragozic Acids A and C by a Carbonyl Ylide Cycloaddition Strategy. Chemistry 2006; 12:8898-925. [PMID: 17106907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A carbonyl ylide cycloaddition approach to the squalene synthase inhibitors zaragozic acids A and C is described. The carbonyl ylide precursor 8 was synthesized starting from di-tert-butyl D-tartrate (47) via an eleven-step sequence involving the regioselective reduction of the mono-MPM (MPM=4-methoxybenzyl) ether 48 with LiBH4 and the diastereoselective addition of sodium tert-butyl diazoacetate to alpha-keto ester 10. The reaction of alpha-diazo ester 8 with 3-butyn-2-one (40) in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Rh2(OAc)4] gave the desired cycloadduct 59 as a single diastereomer. The dihydroxylation of enone 59 followed by sequential transformations permitted the construction of the fully functionalized 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core 5. Alkene 79 derived from 5 serves as a common precursor to zaragozic acids A (1) and C (2), since the elongation of the C1 alkyl side chain can be attained by olefin cross-metathesis, especially under the influence of Blechert's catalyst (85).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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42
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43
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Abstract
The design and implementation of cascade reactions is a challenging facet of organic chemistry, yet one that can impart striking novelty, elegance, and efficiency to synthetic strategies. The application of cascade reactions to natural products synthesis represents a particularly demanding task, but the results can be both stunning and instructive. This Review highlights selected examples of cascade reactions in total synthesis, with particular emphasis on recent applications therein. The examples discussed herein illustrate the power of these processes in the construction of complex molecules and underscore their future potential in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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44
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Tchabanenko K, Taylor MG, Adlington RM, Baldwin JE. Synthesis of substituted pyrano[3,2-c]pyridines via Diels–Alder reaction of 3-methylenepyridin-4-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Rodriguez R, Adlington RM, Moses JE, Cowley A, Baldwin JE. A new and efficient method for o-quinone methide intermediate generation: application to the biomimetic synthesis of (+/-)-Alboatrin. Org Lett 2005; 6:3617-9. [PMID: 15387562 DOI: 10.1021/ol048479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new and efficient method for o-quinone methide intermediate generation from o-methyleneacetoxy-phenols has been developed and applied to the biomimetic synthesis of (+/-)-Alboatrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rodriguez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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46
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Celanire S, Marlin F, Baldwin JE, Adlington RM. Base-assisted intramolecular 6-acetoxypyranone-acetylene [5+2] cycloaddition. Synthesis and reactivity of novel oxa-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecenones. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Rodriguez R, Moses JE, Adlington RM, Baldwin JE. A new and efficient method for o-quinone methide intermediate generation: application to the biomimetic synthesis of the benzopyran derived natural products (±)-lucidene and (±)-alboatrin. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3488-95. [PMID: 16172685 DOI: 10.1039/b508972g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lucidene and alboatrin are complex benzopyran derived natural products. A key step in their biogenesis may involve a hetero Diels-Alder cycloaddition between an o-quinone methide intermediate with a simple, or activated tri-substituted olefin. Experimental evidence is provided to support this hypothesis, with the biomimetic synthesis of both (+/-)-lucidene and (+/-)-alboatrin successfully achieved using a new and efficient method for o-quinone methide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rodriguez
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UKOX1 3TA
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48
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Baldwin JE, Mayweg AV, Pritchard GJ, Adlington RM. Expedient synthesis of a highly substituted tropolone via a 3-oxidopyrylium [5+2] cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Mehta G, Muthusamy S. Tandem cyclization–cycloaddition reactions of rhodium generated carbenoids from α-diazo carbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Adlington RM, Baldwin JE, Mayweg AVW, Pritchard GJ. Biomimetic cycloaddition approach to tropolone natural products via a tropolone ortho-quinone methide. Org Lett 2002; 4:3009-11. [PMID: 12182611 DOI: 10.1021/ol026467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A study toward a possible biomimetic hetero Diels-Alder reaction is reported between humulene and a novel tropolone ortho-quinone methide. A suitable tropolone ortho-quinone methide precursor has been prepared from 3-methyl-2-furoate. Heating the ortho-quinone methide precursor gave a tropolone ortho-quinone methide, which in the presence of humulene underwent a hetero Diels-Alder reaction to give a deoxy analogue of epolone B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Adlington
- Dyson Perrins Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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