1
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West MS, Rousseaux SAL. Safe, selective, and scalable carbenes. Science 2022; 377:580-581. [PMID: 35926030 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq8253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of reactive carbene intermediates is made simpler and safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S West
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Donnelly K, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Technology as an Enabler for Innovative Transformations Exploiting Carbenes, Nitrenes, and Benzynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8279-8288. [PMID: 35700424 PMCID: PMC9251729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Miniaturization offered
by microreactors provides for superb reaction
control as well as excellent heat and mass transfer. By performing
chemical reactions in microreactors or tubular systems under continuous
flow conditions, increased safety can be harnessed which allows exploitation
of these technologies for the generation and immediate consumption
of high-energy intermediates. This Synopsis demonstrates the use of
flow technology to effectively exploit benzynes, carbenes, and nitrenes
in synthetic chemistry programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, D04 N2E2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, D04 N2E2 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Synthesis of Novel C/D Ring Modified Bile Acids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072364. [PMID: 35408759 PMCID: PMC9000252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bile acid receptors have been identified as important targets for the development of new therapeutics to treat various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The synthesis of new bile acid analogues can help elucidate structure–activity relationships and define compounds that activate these receptors selectively. Towards this, access to large quantities of a chenodeoxycholic acid derivative bearing a C-12 methyl and a C-13 to C-14 double bond provided an interesting scaffold to investigate the chemical manipulation of the C/D ring junction in bile acids. The reactivity of this alkene substrate with various zinc carbenoid species showed that those generated using the Furukawa methodology achieved selective α-cyclopropanation, whereas those generated using the Shi methodology reacted in an unexpected manner giving rise to a rearranged skeleton whereby the C ring has undergone contraction to form a novel spiro–furan ring system. Further derivatization of the cyclopropanated steroid included O-7 oxidation and epimerization to afford new bile acid derivatives for biological evaluation.
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4
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Taillemaud S, Charette AB. Spectroscopic Characterization of Heterohalogenic Dihalomethylzinc Carbenoids: Application to a More Efficient Chlorocyclopropanation Reaction. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Taillemaud
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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5
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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6
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s-Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure-activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl-substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at -10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF-solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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7
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Ielo L, Pillari V, Miele M, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive C1‐Homologation / Displacement Strategy for Converting Thiosulfonates into
O,S‐
Oxothioacetals. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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8
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Dilchert K, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. Carbenoid‐Mediated Formation and Activation of Element‐Element and Element–Hydrogen Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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9
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Miele M, Citarella A, Langer T, Urban E, Zehl M, Holzer W, Ielo L, Pace V. Chemoselective Homologation-Deoxygenation Strategy Enabling the Direct Conversion of Carbonyls into ( n+1)-Halomethyl-Alkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7629-7634. [PMID: 32910659 PMCID: PMC8011987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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The sequential installation
of a carbenoid and a hydride into a
carbonyl, furnishing halomethyl alkyl derivatives, is reported. Despite
the employment of carbenoids as nucleophiles in reactions with carbon-centered
electrophiles, sp3-type alkyl halides remain elusive materials
for selective one-carbon homologations. Our tactic levers on using
carbonyls as starting materials and enables uniformly high yields
and chemocontrol. The tactic is flexible and is not limited to carbenoids.
Also, diverse carbanion-like species can act as nucleophiles, thus
making it of general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Faculty of Chemistry - Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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10
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Huang J, Marek I. Construction of Acyclic Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters via a Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Stereodefined Polysubstituted Ketene Aminals. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Huang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Technion City 3200009 Haifa Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Technion City 3200009 Haifa Israel
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11
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Künzi SA, Gershoni-Poranne R, Chen P. Mechanistic Studies on the Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation with Lithiomethyltrimethylammonium Triflate. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Künzi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Zhang D, Kang Z, Liu J, Hu W. Metal-Dependent Umpolung Reactivity of Carbenes Derived from Cyclopropenes. iScience 2019; 14:292-300. [PMID: 31015074 PMCID: PMC6479018 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal carbenes, divalent carbon species, are versatile intermediates that enable novel synthetic pathways. These species exhibit either electrophilic or nucleophilic character, depending on the carbene and metal fragments. Although the metal carbene reactivity is regulated by the metal, the umpolung of carbene reactivity by changing metal remains challenging. Here, we report a unique metal-induced de novo umpolung of carbene reactivity, wherein a carbene precursor can be transformed into either an electrophilic carbene or a nucleophilic carbenoid, depending on the metal promoters. Thus, a chemodivergent reaction of isatins and cyclopropenes is developed. Under the promotion of Zn2+ halides, a nucleophilic zinc carbenoid is formed and trapped by isatins to produce oxindole derivatives containing an alkenyl halide moiety. Using Rh2(esp)2 as a catalyst, the reaction delivers oxindoles carrying a dihydrofuran unit. This work provides a facile approach to harness the metal carbene reactivity and is critical for the development of diversity-oriented synthesis. Metals reverse the reactivity of carbenes Nucleophilic zinc carbenoids Reactive carbenoid and ylide intermediates are trapped by electrophiles Chemodivergent synthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenghui Kang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Castoldi L, Monticelli S, Senatore R, Ielo L, Pace V. Homologation chemistry with nucleophilic α-substituted organometallic reagents: chemocontrol, new concepts and (solved) challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6692-6704. [PMID: 29850663 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of a reactive nucleophilic CH2X unit into a preformed bond enables the introduction of a fragment featuring the exact and desired degree of functionalization through a single synthetic operation. The instability of metallated α-organometallic species often poses serious questions regarding the practicability of using this conceptually intuitive and simple approach for forming C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. A deep understanding of processes regulating the formation of these nucleophiles is a precious source of inspiration not only for successfully applying theoretically feasible transformations (i.e. determining how to employ a given reagent), but also for designing new reactions which ultimately lead to the introduction of molecular complexity via short experimental sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Bauer H, Orzechowski L, Escalona A, Jansen G, Harder S. Synthesis and Structure of a Dimeric Iminophosphorane Stabilized Zinc Carbene: (ZnCR2)2. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Orzechowski
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Fakultät für
Chemie, Universitätsstrasse
5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Escalona
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Jansen
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Fakultät für
Chemie, Universitätsstrasse
5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Abstract
The current use of the term carbenoid is discussed, particularly in the context of carbene transfer reactions from diazo compounds, in which intermediates of type Ln M=CR1 R2 , or one of its resonance forms, are tagged which such a name. We discuss this issue, on the basis of the data evidencing the metal-carbene nature of those intermediates, as well as the existence of carbenoids of type (N2 )(M)CR1 R2 en route to the formation to Ln M=CR1 R2' from diazo reagents. We propose the exclusive use of the carbenoid term to species of type (X)(M)CR1 R2 with a tetrasubstituted carbon center that upon loss of X afford an effective carbene transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química, Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química, Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
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16
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Chlorine and Bromine Carbenoids: Their Thermal Stability and Structural Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:12372-12379. [PMID: 28597985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structures of a series of M/X carbenoids of the type [Ph2 P(S)]2 CMX with M=Li, Na, and K and X=Cl and Br are reported, amongst the first isolated Na/Br and K/Br carbenoids. NMR spectroscopic as well as crystallographic studies showed distinct differences between the lithium carbenoids and their heavier congeners. In the solid state, all carbenoids showed no direct metal-carbon interaction, but an interaction between the metal and the halogen atom. This contact is only very weak in the case of the Li/Br carbenoid, but much more pronounced in the corresponding potassium and sodium compounds. Nevertheless, these interactions did not significantly influence the stability of the carbenoids by weakening the C-X bond and facilitating the MX elimination. As such all compounds were found to be stable up to approximately 60 °C in solution. Hence, M-X interactions-albeit being an essential feature for the structure formation of carbenoids-are not the only criterion determining the stability of such compounds. In the present systems, the stabilization by the thiophosphinoyl moieties is more important than the metal/halogen combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Synthesis, structure and thermal stability of a crown ether complexed K/Cl carbenoid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Taming Metal/Fluorine Carbenoids. Chemistry 2017; 23:2527-2531. [PMID: 27906492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Li/Cl carbenoids are versatile reagents in organic synthesis, the controlled handling of the extremely reactive and labile M/F carbenoids remains a challenge. We now show that even these compounds can be stabilized and isolated in solid state, as well as in solution. Particularly the sodium and potassium compounds exhibit a remarkable stability, thus allowing the first isolation of a room-temperature-stable fluorine carbenoid. Spectroscopic, as well as DFT studies confirmed the pronounced carbenoid character, showing M-F-C interactions with elongated C-F bonds. The different stabilities of the carbenoids was found to originate from the different strength of the M-F interaction. Hence, the lithium compounds are considerably more reactive than their heavier congeners. Reactivity studies showed that the nature of the metal also influences the reactivity, resulting in different selectivity in the addition to thioketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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19
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Nairoukh Z, Kumar GGKSN, Minko Y, Marek I. Enantioselective allylic alkylation of stereodefined polysubstituted copper enolates as an entry to acyclic quaternary carbon stereocentres. Chem Sci 2016; 8:627-630. [PMID: 28451210 PMCID: PMC5358538 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A sequence of regio- and stereoselective carbometalation followed by oxidation of ynamides leads to stereodefined fully substituted enolates that subsequently react with various functionalized allyl bromide reagents to provide the enantiomerically pure quaternary carbon stereocentre in the α-position to the carbonyl group.
A sequence of regio- and stereoselective carbometalation followed by oxidation of ynamides leads to stereodefined fully substituted enolates that subsequently react with various functionalized allyl bromide reagents to provide the expected products possessing an enantiomerically pure quaternary carbon stereocentre in the α-position to the carbonyl group in excellent yields and enantiomeric ratios after cleavage of the oxazolidinone moiety. Three new bonds are formed in a single-pot operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Gunda G K S Narayana Kumar
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Yury Minko
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
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20
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Roy SR, Didier D, Kleiner A, Marek I. Diastereodivergent combined carbometalation/zinc homologation/C-C fragmentation reaction as an efficient tool to prepare acyclic allylic quaternary carbon stereocenters. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5989-5994. [PMID: 30034740 PMCID: PMC6022242 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy has been developed to construct enantiomerically enriched acyclic allylic quaternary carbon stereocenters in a single-pot operation through a combined carbometalation/zinc homologation/fragmentation sequence. Proper tuning of the reaction conditions enables the synthesis of the two enantiomers starting from a single enantiomer of the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Raha Roy
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Dorian Didier
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Amir Kleiner
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
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21
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Moerdyk JP, Schilter D, Bielawski CW. N,N'-Diamidocarbenes: Isolable Divalent Carbons with Bona Fide Carbene Reactivity. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1458-68. [PMID: 27409520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the first reported isolation of a carbene just over a quarter century ago, the study of such compounds-including stable derivatives-has flourished. Indeed, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), of which imidazolylidenes and their derivatives are the most pervasive subclass, feature prominently in organocatalysis, as ligands for transition metal catalysts, and as stabilizers of reactive species. However, imidazolylidenes (and many other NHCs) typically lack the reactivity characteristic of electrophilic carbenes, including insertion into unactivated C-H bonds, participation in [2 + 1] cycloadditions, and reaction with carbon monoxide. This has led to debates over whether NHCs are truly carbenic in nature or perhaps better regarded as ylides. The fundamental and synthetic utility of transformations that involve electrophilic carbenes has motivated our group and others to expand the reactivity of NHCs and other stable carbenes to encompass electrophilic carbene chemistry. These efforts have led to the development of the diamidocarbenes (DACs), a stable and unique subset of the NHCs that feature carbonyl groups inserted into the N-heterocyclic scaffold. To date, crystalline five-, six-, and seven-membered DACs have been prepared and studied. Unlike imidazolylidenes, which are often designated as prototypical NHCs, the DACs exhibit a reactivity profile similar to that of bona fide carbenes, reactive species that are less "tamed" by heteroatom π conjugation. The DACs engage in [2 + 1] cycloadditions with electron-rich or -poor alkenes, aldehydes, alkynes, and nitriles, and doing so in a reversible manner in some cases. They also react with isonitriles, reversibly couple to CO, and mediate the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. Such rich chemistry may be rationalized in terms of their ambiphilicity: DACs are nucleophilic, as required for some of the reactions above, yet also have electrophilic character, as evidenced by their insertions into unactivated N-H and C-H bonds, including nonacidic derivatives. As will become clear, such reactivity is unique among isolable carbenes. DAC chemistry is expected to find applications in synthesis, dynamic covalent chemistry, and catalysis. For example, the hydrolysis of DAC-derived diamidocyclopropanes and -propenes affords carboxylic acids and cyclopropenones, respectively. These new hydrocarboxylation and carbonylation methodologies are significant in that they represent alternatives to processes that typically involve precious metals and gaseous carbon monoxide. Future efforts in this area may involve modifications that transform the stoichiometric conversions facilitated by DACs into catalytic variants. In this context, the reversible binding of CO to DACs is an indication that the latter may serve as a blueprint for the development of more electrophilic, stable carbenes with the capacity to activate other challenging small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Moerdyk
- Department
of Chemistry, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, Pennsylvania 15601, United States
| | - David Schilter
- Center
for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center
for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Gessner VH. Stability and reactivity control of carbenoids: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12011-12023. [PMID: 27498609 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal carbenoids such as lithium or Simmons-Smith-type reagents are widely used in organic synthesis, particularly in cyclopropanation and homologation reactions. These reagents are often highly reactive and thermally labile, thus limiting their isolation and hampering the development of new synthetic applications. Recent years however, have shown that by means of systematic stabilization a control of reactivity and the development of new applications is possible. This feature article documents recent developments in the control of carbenoid reactivity and stability and highlights structural and electronic properties as well as applications in main group element and transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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23
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7712-6. [PMID: 27100278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the increased polarity of the metal-carbon bond when going down the group of the periodic table, the heavier alkali metal organyl compounds are generally more reactive and less stable than their lithium congeners. We now report a reverse trend for alkali metal carbenoids. Simple substitution of lithium by the heavier metals (Na, K) results in a significant stabilization of these usually highly reactive compounds. This allows their isolation and handling at room temperature and the first structure elucidation of sodium and potassium carbenoids. The control of stability was used to control reactivity and selectivity. Hence, the Na and K carbenoids act as selective carbene-transfer reagents, whereas the more labile lithium systems give rise to product mixtures. Additional fine tuning of the M-C interaction by means of crown ether addition further allows for control of the stability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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24
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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25
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Nguyen KD, Herkommer D, Krische MJ. Ruthenium-BINAP Catalyzed Alcohol C-H tert-Prenylation via 1,3-Enyne Transfer Hydrogenation: Beyond Stoichiometric Carbanions in Enantioselective Carbonyl Propargylation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5238-41. [PMID: 27079149 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The chiral ruthenium complex formed in situ from (TFA)2Ru(CO)(PPh3)2 and (R)-BINAP is found to catalyze the enantioselective C-C coupling of diverse primary alcohols with the 1,3-enyne, TMSC≡CC(Me)═CH2, to form secondary homopropargyl alcohols bearing gem-dimethyl groups. All reagents for this byproduct-free coupling are inexpensive and commercially available, making this protocol a practical alternative to stoichiometric carbanions in enantioselective carbonyl reverse prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa D Nguyen
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Daniel Herkommer
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin , Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Haimov E, Nairoukh Z, Shterenberg A, Berkovitz T, Jamison TF, Marek I. Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Haimov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Alexander Shterenberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Tiran Berkovitz
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg 18–590 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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27
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Haimov E, Nairoukh Z, Shterenberg A, Berkovitz T, Jamison TF, Marek I. Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5517-20. [PMID: 27027778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of stereochemically defined acyclic fully substituted enolates of ketones to the enantioselective synthesis of quaternary carbon stereocenters would be highly valuable. Herein, we describe an approach leading to the formation of several new stereogenic centers through a combined metalation-addition of a carbonyl-carbamoyl transfer to reveal in situ stereodefined α,α-disubstituted enolates of ketone as a single stereoisomer. This approach could produce a series of aldol and Mannich products from enol carbamate with excellent diastereomeric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Haimov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Alexander Shterenberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Tiran Berkovitz
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg 18-590, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel.
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28
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Nakano T, Endo K, Ukaji Y. Silver-Catalyzed Allylation of Ketones and Intramolecular Cyclization through Carbene Intermediates from Cyclopropenes Under Ambient Conditions. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:713-21. [PMID: 26611195 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Division of Material Sciences; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kohei Endo
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku; 162-8601 Tokyo Japan
- PRESTO; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Sciences; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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29
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Pace V, Pelosi A, Antermite D, Rosati O, Curini M, Holzer W. Bromomethyllithium-mediated chemoselective homologation of disulfides to dithioacetals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2639-42. [PMID: 26750866 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, chemoselective homologation of disulfides and diselenides to the corresponding dithio- and diselenoacetals has been developed via the addition of bromomethyllithium. Chemoselectivity is fully preserved in the presence of concomitant electrophilic sites decorating the substrates. The synthetic potential of selected dithioacetals has been evaluated in Feringa-Fañanas-Mastral-type Pd-catalyzed coupling with an organolithium and in the unusual 1,4-addition to a Weinreb amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14. A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Liang T, Zhang W, Krische MJ. Iridium-Catalyzed C-C Coupling of a Simple Propargyl Ether with Primary Alcohols: Enantioselective Homoaldol Addition via Redox-Triggered (Z)-Siloxyallylation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16024-7. [PMID: 26671223 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A chiral iridium complex formed in situ from [Ir(cod)Cl]2 and (R)-H8-BINAP is found to catalyze the direct enantioselective C-C coupling of a simple propargyl ether, TIPSOCH2C≡CH, with primary alcohols to form γ-hydroxy (Z)-enol silanes with uniformly high enantioselectivity and complete alkene (Z)-stereoselectivity. As corroborated by deuterium labeling studies, these studies represent the first examples of 1,2-hydride shift-enabled π-allyl formation in the context of iridium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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31
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Zhang FG, Eppe G, Marek I. Brook Rearrangement as a Trigger for the Ring Opening of Strained Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Zhang FG, Eppe G, Marek I. Brook Rearrangement as a Trigger for the Ring Opening of Strained Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:714-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Song C, Dang Y, Tao Y, Wang ZX. DFT Mechanistic Study of Functionalizations of ω-Ene-Cyclopropanes and Alkylidenecyclopropanes via Allylic C–H and C–C Bond Cleavage Facilitated by a Zirconocene Complex. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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34
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Künzi SA, Sarria Toro JM, den Hartog T, Chen P. Nickel-katalysierte Cyclopropanierung mit NMe4
OTf und n
BuLi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Künzi SA, Sarria Toro JM, den Hartog T, Chen P. Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation with NMe4
OTf and n
BuLi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Vasseur A, Perrin L, Eisenstein O, Marek I. Remote functionalization of hydrocarbons with reversibility enhanced stereocontrol. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2770-2776. [PMID: 29142680 PMCID: PMC5654413 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote functionalization of hydrocarbons could be achieved through successive zirconocene-mediated allylic C-H bond activations followed by a selective C-C bond cleavage. Determination of the reaction mechanism by density functional theory (DFT) calculations shows that the high stereocontrol observed in this process results from a large number of energetically accessible equilibria feeding a preferred reactive channel that leads to the major product. A distinctive consequence of this pattern is that stereoselectivity is enhanced upon heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vasseur
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Lionel Perrin
- ICBMS UMR 5246 , Université de Lyon , Bat Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 , 69622 Villeurbanne cedex , France .
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Institut Charles Gerhardt , CNRS UMR 5253 , Université de Montpellier , cc 1501, Place E. Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
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37
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Ludwig G, Ströhl D, Schmidt H, Steinborn D. [Li2{CH2S(O)Ph}2(TMEDA)2] – An α-sulfinyl-functionalized methyllithium carbenoid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Simaan M, Delaye PO, Shi M, Marek I. Cyclopropene Derivatives as Precursors to Enantioenriched Cyclopropanols andn-Butenals Possessing Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12345-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Simaan M, Delaye PO, Shi M, Marek I. Cyclopropene Derivatives as Precursors to Enantioenriched Cyclopropanols andn-Butenals Possessing Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Starkov P, Jamison TF, Marek I. Electrophilic Amination: The Case of Nitrenoids. Chemistry 2015; 21:5278-300. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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Smirnov P, Katan E, Mathew J, Kostenko A, Karni M, Nijs A, Bolm C, Apeloig Y, Marek I. Formation of Three New Bonds and Two Stereocenters in Acyclic Systems by Zinc-Mediated Enantioselective Alkynylation of Acylsilanes, Brook Rearrangement, and Ene-Allene Carbocyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12122-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501977r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Smirnov
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Einat Katan
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jomon Mathew
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Miriam Karni
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Anne Nijs
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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42
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Molitor S, Becker J, Gessner VH. Selective dehydrocoupling of phosphines by lithium chloride carbenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15517-20. [PMID: 25322474 DOI: 10.1021/ja509381w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple, transition-metal-free approach for the formation of phosphorus-phosphorus bonds through dehydrocoupling of phosphines is presented. The reaction is mediated by electronically stabilized lithium chloride carbenoids and affords a variety of different diphosphines under mild reaction conditions. The developed protocol is simple and highly efficient and allows the isolation of novel functionalized diphosphines in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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43
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Biggs RA, Lambadaris M, Ogilvie WW. Highly diastereoselective generation of various 3,3-disubstituted allyl boronates for the stereospecific construction of quaternary centers. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Marek I, Masarwa A, Delaye PO, Leibeling M. Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Acyclic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:414-29. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Marek I, Masarwa A, Delaye PO, Leibeling M. Selektive C-C-Bindungsspaltung zur stereoselektiven Synthese acyclischer Systeme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Kupper C, Gessner VH. Substitution effects on the formation of T-shaped palladium carbene and thioketone complexes from Li/Cl carbenoids. Chemistry 2014; 20:10752-62. [PMID: 24664573 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of palladium thioketone and T-shaped carbene complexes by treatment of thiophosphoryl substituted Li/Cl carbenoids with a Pd(0) precursor is reported. Depending on the steric demand, the anion-stabilizing ability of the silyl moiety (by negative hyperconjugation effects) and the remaining negative charge at the carbenic carbon atom, isolation of a three-coordinate, T-shaped palladium carbene complex is possible. In contrast, insufficient charge stabilization results in the transfer of the sulfur of the thiophosphoryl moiety and thus in the formation of a thioketone complex. While the thioketones are stable compounds the carbene complexes are revealed to be highly reactive and decompose under elimination of Pd metal. Computational studies revealed that both complexes are formed by a substitution mechanism. While the ketone turned out to be the thermodynamically favored product, the carbene is kinetically favored and thus preferentially formed at low reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
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47
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Marek I, Minko Y, Pasco M, Mejuch T, Gilboa N, Chechik H, Das JP. All-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers in acyclic systems through the creation of several C-C bonds per chemical step. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2682-94. [PMID: 24512113 DOI: 10.1021/ja410424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, it has become clear that asymmetric catalysis is one of the most powerful methods for the construction of carbon-carbon as well as carbon-heteroatom bonds in a stereoselective manner. However, when structural complexity increases (i.e., all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center), the difficulty in reaching the desired adducts through asymmetric catalytic reactions leads to a single carbon-carbon bond-forming event per chemical step between two components. Issues of efficiency and convergence should therefore be addressed to avoid extraneous chemical steps. In this Perspective, we present approaches that tackle the stimulating problem of efficiency while answering interesting synthetic challenges. Ideally, if one could create all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers via the creation of several new carbon-carbon bonds in an acyclic system and in a single-pot operation from simple precursors, it would certainly open new horizons toward solving the synthetic problems. Even more important for any further design, the presence of polyreactive intermediates in synthesis (bismetalated, carbenoid, and oxenoids species) becomes now an indispensable tool, as it creates consecutively the same number of carbon-carbon bonds as in a multi-step process, but in a single-pot operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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48
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Hartog TD, Toro JMS, Chen P. A Palladium-Catalyzed Methylenation of Olefins Using Halomethylboronate Reagents. Org Lett 2014; 16:1100-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim den Hartog
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Manuel Sarria Toro
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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49
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Miersch A, Harms K, Hilt G. Zinc-mediated addition of diethyl bromomalonate to alkynes for the cascade reaction towards polysubstituted pyranones and tetracarbonyl derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:542-4. [PMID: 24266022 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46788k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The zinc-mediated regioselective addition reactions of diethyl bromomalonate and aromatic and aliphatic alkynes were investigated for the synthesis of vinyl malonates. When the vinyl organo-zinc intermediates were reacted with acid chlorides 2H-pyran-2-ones were obtained while the application of oxalyl chloride and an amine led to tetracarbonyl derivatives in a one-pot multi-step reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Miersch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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50
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Becker J, Gessner VH. On the structure and ambiphilicity of a sulfonyl substituted α-chloro lithium base. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4320-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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