1
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Shiri F, Ho CC, Bissember AC, Ariafard A. Advancing Gold Redox Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights, Nucleophilicity-Guided Transmetalation, and Predictive Frameworks for the Oxidation of Aryl Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302990. [PMID: 37967304 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold redox catalysis, often facilitated by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents, offers unique reactivity but its progress is mainly hindered by an incomplete mechanistic understanding. In this study, we investigated the reaction between the gold(I) complexes [(aryl)Au(PR3 )] and the hypervalent iodine(III) reagent PhICl2 , both experimentally and computationally and provided an explanation for the formation of divergent products as the ligands bonded to the gold(I) center change. We tackled this essential question by uncovering an intriguing transmetalation mechanism that takes place between gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. We found that the ease of transmetalation is governed by the nucleophilicity of the gold(I) complex, [(aryl)Au(PR3 )], with greater nucleophilicity leading to a lower activation energy barrier. Remarkably, transmetalation is mainly controlled by a single orbital - the gold dx 2 -y 2 orbital. This orbital also has a profound influence on the reactivity of the oxidative addition step. In this way, the fundamental mechanistic basis of divergent outcomes in reactions of aryl gold(I) complexes with PhICl2 was established and these observations are reconciled from first principles. The theoretical model developed in this study provides a conceptual framework for anticipating the outcomes of reactions involving [(aryl)Au(PR3 )] with PhICl2 , thereby establishing a solid foundation for further advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Curtis C Ho
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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2
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Huynh HV, Leung JN, Lam TT. Donor Strength Determination of Anionic Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13902-13909. [PMID: 37572060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
14 new gold(I) NHC complexes of the type [AuX(iPr2-bimy)] (iPr2-bimy = 1,3-diisopropylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene) have been prepared and fully characterized. These complexes and their reported analogues were used to systematically compare and rank the donating abilities of overall 34 anionic X-type donors by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, the carbene chemical shift of the iPr2-bimy ligand was found to be responsive to the ligand X spanning an overall range Δδ > 37 ppm between the strongest and weakest donor in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia Nuo Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Truc Tien Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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3
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Kapitza P, Scherfler A, Salcher S, Sopper S, Cziferszky M, Wurst K, Gust R. Reaction Behavior of [1,3-Diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-ylidene] Containing Gold(I/III) Complexes against Ingredients of the Cell Culture Medium and the Meaning on the Potential Use for Cancer Eradication Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reactivities of halido[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (chlorido (5), bromido (6), iodido (7)), bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (8), and bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]dihalidogold(III) (chlorido (9), bromido (10), iodido (11)) complexes against ingredients of the cell culture medium were analyzed by HPLC. The degradation in the RPMI 1640 medium was studied, too. Complex 6 quantitatively reacted with chloride to 5, while 7 showed additionally ligand scrambling to 8. Interactions with non-thiol containing amino acids could not be detected. However, glutathione (GSH) reacted immediately with 5 and 6 yielding the (NHC)gold(I)-GSH complex 12. The most active complex 8 was stable under in vitro conditions and strongly participated on the biological effects of 7. The gold(III) species 9-11 were completely reduced by GSH to 8 and are prodrugs. All complexes were tested for inhibitory effects in Cisplatin-resistant cells, as well as against cancer stem cell-enriched cell lines and showed excellent activity. Such compounds are of utmost interest for the therapy of drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapitza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Amelie Scherfler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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4
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Sahu P, Jena AB, Barik S, Kisan HK, Isab AA, Dandapat J, Dinda J. Gold(III) assisted C-N bond dissociation; Synthesis, structure, photoluminescence, and pharmacokinetic studies of 1,10/- phenanthroline-gold(III)-N-heterocyclic carbene. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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5
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Shiri F, Ariafard A. Mechanistic details for oxidative addition of PhICl 2 to gold( i) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4668-4671. [PMID: 36994794 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Our study discovered a new stepwise mechanism for the oxidative addition of PhICl2 to LAuAr. Fewer electron-withdrawing substituents on the Ar ligand increase the energy of Au(i) dx2−y2 orbital, making the reaction easier to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
- School of Natural Science (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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6
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Maity L, Barik S, Biswas R, Natarajan R, Dinda J. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Boosted Photoluminescence; Synthesis, Structures and Photophysical Properties of bpy/phen‐Au (III)‐NHC Complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahadev Barik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Raju Biswas
- CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata West Bengal India
| | | | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Bhubaneswar Odisha India
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7
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Yhobu Z, Geetha BM, Małecki JG, Srinivasa HT, Keri RS, Nagaraju DH, Azam M, Al‐Resayes SI, Budagumpi S. Pyridine–functionalized N–heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Binuclear Complexes as Molecular Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoveta Yhobu
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore India
| | - B. M. Geetha
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore India
| | | | - H. T. Srinivasa
- Soft Condensed Matter Group Raman Research Institute Bengaluru India
| | - Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore India
| | - D. H. Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences, REVA University Bangalore India
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I. Al‐Resayes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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8
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Aggarwal K, Li S, Ivry E, Dekel DR, Diesendruck CE. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands’ Electronic Effects on Metallopolymer Anion Exchange Membranes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Aggarwal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Songlin Li
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa Ivry
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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9
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Lummis PA, Osten KM, Levchenko TI, Sabooni Asre Hazer M, Malola S, Owens-Baird B, Veinot AJ, Albright EL, Schatte G, Takano S, Kovnir K, Stamplecoskie KG, Tsukuda T, Häkkinen H, Nambo M, Crudden CM. NHC-Stabilized Au 10 Nanoclusters and Their Conversion to Au 25 Nanoclusters. JACS AU 2022; 2:875-885. [PMID: 35557749 PMCID: PMC9088291 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of a toroidal Au10 cluster stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene and halide ligands via reduction of the corresponding NHC-Au-X complexes (X = Cl, Br, I). The significant effect of the halide ligands on the formation, stability, and further conversions of these clusters is presented. While solutions of the chloride derivatives of Au10 show no change even upon heating, the bromide derivative readily undergoes conversion to form a biicosahedral Au25 cluster at room temperature. For the iodide derivative, the formation of a significant amount of Au25 was observed even upon the reduction of NHC-Au-I. The isolated bromide derivative of the Au25 cluster displays a relatively high (ca. 15%) photoluminescence quantum yield, attributed to the high rigidity of the cluster, which is enforced by multiple CH-π interactions within the molecular structure. Density functional theory computations are used to characterize the electronic structure and optical absorption of the Au10 cluster. 13C-Labeling is employed to assist with characterization of the products and to observe their conversions by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Lummis
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Kimberly M. Osten
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetyana I. Levchenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Maryam Sabooni Asre Hazer
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- U.S.
Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alex J. Veinot
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Emily L. Albright
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Gabriele Schatte
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- U.S.
Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kevin G. Stamplecoskie
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Masakazu Nambo
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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10
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Synthesis and coordination chemistry of silver(I), gold(I) and gold(III) complexes with picoline-functionalized benzimidazolin-2-ylidene ligands. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The reactions of N-alkyl-N′-picolyl-benzimidazolium bromides or N,N′-dipicolyl-benzimidazolium bromide with silver oxide yielded the silver dicarbene complexes of the type [Ag(NHC)2][AgBr2] 1–4 (NHC = picoline-functionalized benzimidazolin-2-ylidene). The silver complexes 1–4 have been used in carbene transfer reactions to yield the gold(I) complexes of the type [AuCl(NHC)] 5–8 in good yields. A halide exchange at the metal center of complexes 5–8 with lithium bromide yielded the gold bromide complexes 9–12. Finally, the oxidation of the gold(I) centers in complexes 9–12 with elemental bromine gave the gold(III) complexes of the type [AuBr3(NHC)] 13–16. Molecular structures of selected Au(I) and Au(III) complexes have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
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11
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Sheikh KUN, Amin H, Haque RA, Abdul Majid AS, Yaseen M, Iqbal MA. An overview of synthetic methodologies of organometallic and coordination compounds of gold. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1866176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hira Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
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12
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Behera PK, Maity L, Kisan HK, Dutta B, Isab AA, Chandra SK, Dinda J. Gold(I) and gold(III) complexes supported by a pyrazine / pyrimidine wingtip N-heterocyclic carbene: Synthesis, structure and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Goetzfried SK, Gallati CM, Cziferszky M, Talmazan RA, Wurst K, Liedl KR, Podewitz M, Gust R. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes: Mechanism of the Ligand Scrambling Reaction and Their Oxidation to Gold(III) in Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15312-15323. [PMID: 33006470 PMCID: PMC7581288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) complexes offer great
prospects in medicinal chemistry as antiproliferative, anticancer,
and antibacterial agents. However, further development requires a
thorough understanding of their reaction behavior in aqueous media.
Herein, we report the conversion of the bromido[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propylimidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I)
((NHC)AuIBr, 1) complex in acetonitrile/water
mixtures to the bis[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propylimidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I)
([(NHC)2AuI]+, 7), which
is subsequently oxidized to the dibromidobis[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propylimidazol-2-ylidene]gold(III)
([(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+, 9). By combining experimental data from HPLC, NMR, and (LC-)/HR-MS
with computational results from DFT calculations, we outline a detailed
ligand scrambling reaction mechanism. The key step is the formation
of the stacked ((NHC)AuIBr)2 dimer (2) that rearranges to the T-shaped intermediate Br(NHC)2AuI–AuIBr (3). The dissociation
of Br– from 3 and recombination lead
to (NHC)2AuI–AuIBr2 (5) followed by the separation into [(NHC)2AuI]+ (7) and [AuIBr2]− (8). [AuIBr2]− is not stable in an aqueous environment
and degrades in an internal redox reaction to Au0 and Br2. The latter in turn oxidizes 7 to the gold(III)
species 9. The reported ligand rearrangement of the (NHC)AuIBr complex differs from that found for related silver(I) analogous.
A detailed understanding of this scrambling mechanism is of utmost
importance for the interpretation of their biological activity and
will help to further optimize them for biomedical and other applications. By means of experimental data from HPLC
and (LC-)MS in combination with DFT calculations, we present a detailed
mechanism for the ligand scrambling reaction of (NHC)AuIBr to the corresponding [(NHC)2AuI]+ complex and the oxidation to the [(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+ species in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina K Goetzfried
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Caroline M Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Radu A Talmazan
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
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14
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A. C. A. Bayrakdar T, Nahra F, Davis JV, Gamage MM, Captain B, Temprado M, Marazzi M, Saab M, Hecke KV, Ormerod D, Hoff CD, Nolan SP. Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes Bearing Alkyl-Bridged Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Ligands as Catalysts for Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylamine: Synthesis, Structure, and Kinetic and Mechanistic Comparison to the Mononuclear Complex [Au(IPr)Cl]. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A. C. A. Bayrakdar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jack V. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Mohan M. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Burjor Captain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingenieŕa Química; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingenieŕa Química; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominic Ormerod
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Carl D. Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Guarra F, Busto N, Guerri A, Marchetti L, Marzo T, García B, Biver T, Gabbiani C. Cytotoxic Ag(I) and Au(I) NHC-carbenes bind DNA and show TrxR inhibition. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zeng L, Sun S, Wei ZW, Xin Y, Liu L, Zhang J. Confinement of a Au–N-heterocyclic carbene in a Pd6L12 metal–organic cage. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39323-39327. [PMID: 35518404 PMCID: PMC9057365 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07509d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Au(i)–N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC)-edged Pd6L12 molecular metal–organic cage is assembled from a Au(i)–NHC-based bipyridyl bent ligand and Pd2+. The octahedral cage structure is unambiguously established by NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The electrochemical behaviour was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. The octahedral cage has a central cavity for guest binding, and is capable of encapsulating PF6− and BF4− anions within the cavity. A Au(i)–NHC-edged Pd6L12 molecular cage is assembled from a Au(i)–NHC-based bipyridyl bent ligand and Pd2+.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zeng
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Shujian Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Zhang-Wen Wei
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yu Xin
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Liping Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
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17
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Kumar A, Singh C, Tinnermann H, Huynh HV. Gold(I) and Gold(III) Complexes of Expanded-Ring N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Structure, Reactivity, and Catalytic Applications. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Chandan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hendrik Tinnermann
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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18
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Shen H, Deng G, Kaappa S, Tan T, Han Y, Malola S, Lin S, Teo BK, Häkkinen H, Zheng N. Highly Robust but Surface‐Active: An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Au
25
Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17731-17735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guocheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Sami Kaappa
- Departments of Physics and ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Tongde Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ying‐Zi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Shui‐Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Boon K. Teo
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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19
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Mageed AH. Chemistry of macrocyclic tetracarbene complexes: Synthesis, structure, reactivity and catalytic application. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Yan X, Wang H, Guo S. Employing Aryl‐Linked Bis‐mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer‐Type Platform to Access Ambient‐Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yan
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
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21
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Gupta A, Nigam S, Avasthi I, Sharma B, Ateeq B, Verma S. Caspase-3 mediated programmed cell death by a gold-stabilised peptide carbene. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126672. [PMID: 31570209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from a tripeptide ligand (L), containing non-natural amino acid, thiazolylalanine is described here. The peptide ligand was reacted with suitable precursors to generate gold and mercury carbene complexes. The plausible structures of both complexes were predicted by spectroscopic data and DFT calculations. The binding energy data was also analyzed to predict their stability. The gold carbene complex (1A), showed activity against MCF7 breast cancer cell line due to mitochondrial triggered caspase-3 mediated programmed cell death. Its internalization inside cells could be observed due to autofluorescence. This study affords a methodology for successful generation of peptide carbene complexes for their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shivansh Nigam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ilesha Avasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Bikramjit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
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22
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Shen H, Deng G, Kaappa S, Tan T, Han Y, Malola S, Lin S, Teo BK, Häkkinen H, Zheng N. Highly Robust but Surface‐Active: An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Au
25
Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guocheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Sami Kaappa
- Departments of Physics and ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Tongde Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ying‐Zi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Shui‐Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Boon K. Teo
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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23
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Yan X, Wang H, Guo S. Employing Aryl-Linked Bis-mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer-Type Platform to Access Ambient-Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16907-16911. [PMID: 31502744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of palladium(IV) species has great implications for PdII /PdIV -mediated catalysis. However, most of the PdIV complexes rapidly decompose under ambient conditions, which makes the isolation, characterization and further reactivity study very challenging. The reported ancillary ligand platforms to stabilize PdIV species are dominated by chelating N-donors such as bipyridines. In this work, we present two PdIV complexes with scarcely used C-donors as the supporting platform. The anionic aryl donor and MIC (MIC=mesoionic carbene) are combined in a [CC'C]-type pincer framework to access a series of ambient-stable PdIV tris(halido) complexes. Their synthesis, solid-state structures, stability, and reactivity are presented. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented herein reports the first isolated PdIV -MIC as well as the first PdIV carbene-based aryl pincer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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24
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Corbo R, Dutton JL. Weiss’ Reagents: A synthetically useful class of iodine(III) coordination compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Mageed AH, Skelton BW, Sobolev AN, Baker MV. Formation of Dinuclear AuII
and AuI
/AuIII
Mixed-Valence Complexes is Directed by Structural Constraints Imposed by Cyclophane-NHC Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Mageed
- School of Molecular Sciences; Chemistry M310; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth WA Australia
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; University of Kufa; P.O. Box 21 54001 An-Najaf Iraq
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences; Chemistry M310; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth WA Australia
- Centre for Microscopy; Characterisation and Analysis M310; The University of Western Australia; 6009 Perth WA Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- Centre for Microscopy; Characterisation and Analysis M310; The University of Western Australia; 6009 Perth WA Australia
| | - Murray V. Baker
- School of Molecular Sciences; Chemistry M310; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth WA Australia
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26
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Kinzhalov MA, Legkodukh AS, Anisimova TB, Novikov AS, Suslonov VV, Luzyanin KV, Kukushkin VY. Tetrazol-5-ylidene Gold(III) Complexes from Sequential [2 + 3] Cycloaddition of Azide to Metal-Bound Isocyanides and N4 Alkylation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alina S. Legkodukh
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana B. Anisimova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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27
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Teci M, Hueber D, Pale P, Toupet L, Blanc A, Brenner E, Matt D. Metal Confinement through N-(9-Alkyl)fluorenyl-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Its Consequences in Gold-Catalysed Reactions Involving Enynes. Chemistry 2017; 23:7809-7818. [PMID: 28523648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes containing bulky bis-N,N'-(9-alkylfluorenyl) heterocyclic carbene (R F-NHC) ligands have been prepared in high yields from appropriate imidazolinium, imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts. In all complexes, the carbene ligand provides high steric protection of the Au-X bond trans to the carbenic C atom. Irrespective of the metal oxidation state, the complexes showed high efficiency in a tandem 3,3-rearrangement/Nazarov reaction of an enynyl acetate. One of the AuIII complexes, [AuCl3 (R F-NHC)], was further found to be suitable for the efficient cyclisation of a propargylcarboxamide. Furthermore, unlike related NHC-gold(I) complexes based on conventional bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes (notably, 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr), 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) and 1,3-(bis-tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (ItBu)), the studied [AuI Cl(R F-NHC)] complexes catalysed the conversion of a 1,6-enyne in the presence of indole into a single product; this arises from the embracing character of the ligand, which prevents indole addition on one of the catalytic intermediates. A structure/selectivity relationship was established for all carbenes tested that took into account percent buried volumes and topographic steric maps. The results illustrate the high potential of confining NHCs in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Teci
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Hueber
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Aurélien Blanc
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Brenner
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Matt
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in High Valent Transition Metal Chemistry. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050780. [PMID: 28498333 PMCID: PMC6154742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, high valent metal complexes have evolved from mere curiosities to being at the forefront of modern catalytic method development. This approach has enabled transformations complimentary to those possible via traditional manifolds, most prominently carbon-heteroatom bond formation. Key to the advancement of this chemistry has been the identification of oxidants that are capable of accessing these high oxidation state complexes. The oxidant has to be both powerful enough to achieve the desired oxidation as well as provide heteroatom ligands for transfer to the metal center; these heteroatoms are often subsequently transferred to the substrate via reductive elimination. Herein we will review the central role that hypervalent iodine reagents have played in this aspect, providing an ideal balance of versatile reactivity, heteroatom ligands, and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, these reagents are environmentally benign, non-toxic, and relatively inexpensive compared to other inorganic oxidants. We will cover advancements in both catalysis and high valent complex isolation with a key focus on the subtle effects that oxidant choice can have on reaction outcome, as well as limitations of current reagents.
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29
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Anisimova TB, Kinzhalov MA, Guedes da Silva MFC, Novikov AS, Kukushkin VY, Pombeiro AJL, Luzyanin KV. Addition of N-nucleophiles to gold(iii)-bound isocyanides leading to short-lived gold(iii) acyclic diaminocarbene complexes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of hydrazone to gold(iii)–isocyanides led to the generation of rare short-lived gold(iii) acyclic diaminocarbene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana B. Anisimova
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
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30
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Mageed AH, Skelton BW, Baker MV. Stable AuIII complexes with four N-heterocyclic carbene groups can be prepared in high yield directly from KAuCl4. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7844-7856. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AuIII complexes bearing four N-heterocyclic carbene groups are surprisingly stable and can be synthesized directly from KAuCl4 and azolium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Mageed
- School of Molecular Sciences M310
- The University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences M310
- The University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
- Centre for Microscopy
| | - Murray V. Baker
- School of Molecular Sciences M310
- The University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
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31
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Teng Q, Huynh HV. A unified ligand electronic parameter based on 13C NMR spectroscopy of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:614-627. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04222h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The donor strengths of various mono- and bidentate ligands can be easily compared on a unified 13C NMR spectroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Teng
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- 117543 Singapore
- Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- 117543 Singapore
- Republic of Singapore
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32
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Jürgens E, Back O, Mayer JJ, Heinze K, Kunz D. Synthesis of copper(II) and gold(III) bis(NHC)-pincer complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CuII and AuIII chlorido complexes bearing the bis(NHC) carbazolide pincer ligand (bimca) were synthesized by transmetallation from the respective lithium complex [Li(bimca)] (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene). In the case of copper, two different molecular structures were obtained depending on the copper source. With Cu(II) chloride the paramagnetic mononuclear [Cu(bimca)Cl] complex is formed and has been characterized by EPR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis, while copper(I) chloride leads under oxidation to a dinuclear structure in which two cationic [CuII(bimca)] moieties are bridged by one chlorido ligand. The positive charge is compensated by the [CuCl2]− counter ion, as proven by X-ray structure analysis. Transmetallation of [Li(bimca)] with AuCl3 leads to the [Au(bimca)Cl]+ complex with a tetrachloridoaurate counter ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jürgens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Back
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes J. Mayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Collado A, Bohnenberger J, Oliva-Madrid MJ, Nun P, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. Synthesis of AuI- and AuIII-Bis(NHC) Complexes: Ligand Influence on Oxidative Addition to AuISpecies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Jan Bohnenberger
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - María-José Oliva-Madrid
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 - S3 9000 Gent Belgium
- Chemistry Department; College of Science; King Saud University; P. O. Box 2455 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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34
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Guo S, Bernhammer JC, Huynh HV. 1,2,4-triazole-derived carbene complexes of gold: characterization, solid-state aggregation and ligand disproportionation. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:15157-65. [PMID: 25630764 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand redistribution reactions are well documented for silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of the type [AgX(NHC)] (X = halido ligand), but only two reports have been described in the literature for gold analogues of the general formula [AuX(NHC)]. In both cases, the NHCs in question were exceptionally strong donors. To probe the dependence of ligand redistribution processes on NHC donor strength, a model study was conducted using a weakly donating 1,2,4-triazolin-5-ylidene (tazy) ligand and different halido coligands. For [AuX(tazy)] (X = Cl, Br, OAc, tazy = 4-benzyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5-ylidene), no ligand redistribution was found, while a reversible disproportionation between [AuI(tazy)] in solution and [Au(tazy)2][AuI2] in the solid state was observed and studied by means of X-ray crystallography, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore.
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35
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Baron M, Tubaro C, Basato M, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Cavallo L, Graiff C, Dolmella A, Falivene L, Caporaso L. Insights into the Halogen Oxidative Addition Reaction to Dinuclear Gold(I) Di(NHC) Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10211-24. [PMID: 27297191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) dicarbene complexes [Au2 (MeIm-Y-ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (Y=CH2 (1), (CH2 )2 (2), (CH2 )4 (4), MeIm=1-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) react with iodine to give the mixed-valence complex [Au(MeIm-CH2 -ImMe)2 AuI2 ](PF6 )2 (1 a(I) ) and the gold(III) complexes [Au2 I4 (MeIm-Y-ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (2 c(I) and 4 c(I) ). Reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with an excess of ICl allows the isolation of the tetrachloro gold(III) complexes [Au2 Cl4 (MeIm-CH2 -ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (1 c(Cl) ) and [Au2 Cl4 (MeIm-(CH2 )2 -ImMe)2 ](Cl)2 (2 c(Cl) -Cl) (as main product); remarkably in the case of complex 2, the X-ray molecular structure of the crystals also shows the presence of I-Au-Cl mixed-sphere coordination. The same type of coordination has been observed in the main product of the reaction of complexes 3 or 4 with ICl. The study of the reactivity towards the oxidative addition of halogens to a large series of dinuclear bis(dicarbene) gold(I) complexes has been extended and reviewed. The complexes react with Cl2 , Br2 and I2 to give the successive formation of the mixed-valence gold(I)/gold(III) n a(X) and gold(III) n c(X) (excluding compound 1 c(I) ) complexes. However, complex 3 affords with Cl2 and Br2 the gold(II) complex 3 b(X) [Au2 X2 (MeIm-(CH2 )3 -ImMe)2 ](PF6 )2 (X=Cl, Br), which is the predominant species over compound 3 c(X) even in the presence of free halogen. The observed different relative stabilities of the oxidised complexes of compounds 1 and 3 have also been confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Abdirisak Ahmed Isse
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalyst Research Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dolmella
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalyst Research Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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36
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Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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37
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Haque RA, Ghdhayeb MZ, Budagumpi S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS. Synthesis, crystal structures, and in vitro anticancer properties of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(i)- and gold(i)/(iii)-complexes: a rare example of silver(i)–NHC complex involved in redox transmetallation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cationic, linearly coordinated silver(i)– and gold(i/iii)–NHC complexes of (benz)imidazol-2-ylidene ligands was prepared and successfully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Z. Ghdhayeb
- The School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
| | | | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
| | - Amin M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
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38
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Jin H, Tan TTY, Hahn FE. Synthesis of Complexes with Abnormal “Protic” N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13811-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Jin H, Tan TTY, Hahn FE. Synthese von Komplexen mit anomalen “protischen” N-heterocyclischen Carbenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Garner ME, Niu W, Chen X, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Tan W, Veige AS. N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) and silver(I) complexes bearing functional groups for bio-conjugation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1914-23. [PMID: 25490699 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes several synthetic approaches to append organic functional groups to gold and silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes suitable for applications in biomolecule conjugation. Carboxylate appended NHC ligands (3) lead to unstable Au(I) complexes that convert into bis-NHC species (4). A benzyl protected carboxylate NHC-Au(I) complex 2 was synthesized but deprotection to produce the carboxylic acid functionality could not be achieved. A small library of new alkyne functionalized NHC proligands were synthesized and used for subsequent silver and gold metalation reactions. The alkyne appended NHC gold complex 13 readily reacts with benzyl azide in a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to form the triazole appended NHC gold complex 14. Cell cytotoxicity studies were performed on DLD-1 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), Hep-G2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), CCRF-CEM (human T-Cell leukemia), and HEK (human embryonic kidney). Complete spectroscopic characterization of the ligands and complexes was achieved using (1)H and (13)C NMR, gHMBC, ESI-MS, and combustion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Garner
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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41
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MacLeod MJ, Johnson JA. PEGylated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Anchors Designed To Stabilize Gold Nanoparticles in Biologically Relevant Media. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7974-7. [PMID: 26081724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as versatile ligands for surface functionalization. Their ease of synthesis and ability to form strong bonds with a range of substrates provide a unique complement to traditional surface modification methods. Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are a particularly useful class of materials whose applications intimately depend on surface functionalization. Here we report the development of PEGylated-NHC ligands for Au-NP surfaces and the first example of NHC-functionalized NPs that are compatible with biologically relevant conditions. Our PEGylated-NHC-Au-NPs are stable toward aggregation in aqueous solutions in the pH range of 3-14, in <250 mM electrolyte solutions, at high and low temperatures (95 and -78 °C), in cell culture media, and in aqueous H2O2 solutions. This work demonstrates for the first time that NHCs can serve as anchors for water-soluble Au-NPs and opens the door to potential biomedical applications of NHC surface anchors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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42
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Romanov A, Bochmann M. Gold(I) and Gold(III) Complexes of Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Organometallics 2015; 34:2439-2454. [PMID: 26146436 PMCID: PMC4482412 DOI: 10.1021/om501211p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of Au(I) complexes with two types of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands has been explored, using the sterically less demanding dimethyl derivative Me2CAAC and the 2-adamantyl ligand AdCAAC. The conversion of (AdCAAC)AuCl into (AdCAAC)AuOH by treatment with KOH is significantly accelerated by the addition of tBuOH. (AdCAAC)AuOH is a convenient starting material for the high-yield syntheses of (AdCAAC)AuX complexes by acid/base and C-H activation reactions (X = OAryl, CF3CO2, N(Tf)2, C2Ph, C6F5, C6HF4, C6H2F3, CH2C(O)C6H4OMe, CH(Ph)C(O)Ph, CH2SO2Ph), while the cationic complexes [(AdCAAC)AuL]+ (L = CO, CN t Bu) and (AdCAAC)AuCN were obtained by chloride substitution from (AdCAAC)AuCl. The reactivity toward variously substituted fluoroarenes suggests that (AdCAAC)AuOH is able to react with C-H bonds with pKa values lower than about 31.5. This, together with the spectroscopic data, confirm the somewhat stronger electron-donor properties of CAAC ligands in comparison to imidazolylidene-type N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). In spite of this, the oxidation of Me2CAAC and AdCAAC gold compounds is much less facile. Oxidations proceed with C-Au cleavage by halogens unless light is strictly excluded. The oxidation of (AdCAAC)AuCl with PhICl2 in the dark gives near-quantitative yields of (AdCAAC)AuCl3, while [Au(Me2CAAC)2]Cl leads to trans-[AuCl2(Me2CAAC)2]Cl. In contrast to the chemistry of imidazolylidene-type gold NHC complexes, oxidation products containing Au-Br or Au-I bonds could not be obtained; whereas the reaction with CsBr3 cleaves the Au-C bond to give mixtures of [AdCAAC-Br]+[AuBr2]- and [(AdCAAC-Br)]+ [AuBr4]-, the oxidation of (AdCAAC)AuI with I2 leads to the adduct (AdCAAC)AuI·I2. Irrespective of the steric demands of the CAAC ligands, their gold complexes proved more resistant to oxidation and more prone to halogen cleavage of the Au-C bonds than gold(I) complexes of imidazole-based NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
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43
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Xu Q, Gu P, Wang F, Shi M. Selectfluor promoted NHC–oxazoline gold(i) complex catalyzed cycloaddition/oxidation reaction of enynones with alkenes. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of ortho- and meta-oxazoline substituted NHC–gold(i) complexes have been synthesized. These gold complexes could react with Selectfluor to give ionic chelated NHC–oxazoline gold(i) complexes which could smoothly catalyze the cycloaddition/oxidation reaction of enynones with alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Peng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Feijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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44
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Blaya M, Bautista D, Gil-Rubio J, Vicente J. Synthesis of Au(I) Trifluoromethyl Complexes. Oxidation to Au(III) and Reductive Elimination of Halotrifluoromethanes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Blaya
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30071 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Gil-Rubio
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Vicente
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30071 Murcia, Spain
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45
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Johnson MW, DiPasquale AG, Bergman RG, Toste FD. Synthesis of Stable Gold(III) Pincer Complexes with Anionic Heteroatom Donors. Organometallics 2014; 33:4169-4172. [PMID: 25180022 PMCID: PMC4146325 DOI: 10.1021/om500663m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A series of gold(III) complexes supported
by pyridine-based bis(amidate),
bis(carboxylate), and bis(iminothiolate) substituents is reported.
These compounds represent rare examples of pincer-ligated gold(III)
centers with multiple anionic heteroaom donors. Reactivity and electrochemical
studies demonstrate the stability of these compounds and the marked
difference in reduction potentials with varying ligand scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Antonio G DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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46
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Corbo R, Pell TP, Stringer BD, Hogan CF, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ, Dutton JL. Facile Formation of Homoleptic Au(III) Trications via Simultaneous Oxidation and Ligand Delivery from [PhI(pyridine)2]2+. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12415-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506365m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Corbo
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Pell
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Bradley D. Stringer
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department
of Chemistry,
La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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47
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Yim KC, Lam ESH, Wong KMC, Au VKM, Ko CC, Lam WH, Yam VWW. Synthesis, Characterization, Self-Assembly, Gelation, Morphology and Computational Studies of Alkynylgold(III) Complexes of 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine Derivatives. Chemistry 2014; 20:9930-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Hung FF, To WP, Zhang JJ, Ma C, Wong WY, Che CM. Water-Soluble Luminescent Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes withcis-Chelating Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:8604-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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49
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Hohloch S, Deibel N, Schweinfurth D, Frey W, Sarkar B. Structural Characterization, Solution Dynamics, and Reactivity of Palladium Complexes with Benzimidazolin- 2-ylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Gu P, Xu Q, Shi M. Development and outlook of chiral carbene–gold(I) complexes catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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