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Arafath MA, Adam F, Ahamed MBK, Karim MR, Uddin MN, Yamin BM, Abdou A. Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with SNO-group thiosemicarbazone and DMSO: Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, Molecular Docking and cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dahham SS, Tabana Y, Asif M, Ahmed M, Babu D, Hassan LE, Ahamed MBK, Sandai D, Barakat K, Siraki A, Majid AMSA. β-Caryophyllene Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10550. [PMID: 34638895 PMCID: PMC8508804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene abundantly found in cloves, hops, and cannabis, is the active candidate of a relatively new group of vascular-inhibiting compounds that aim to block existing tumor blood vessels. Previously, we have reported the anti-cancer properties of BCP by utilizing a series of in-vitro anti-tumor-related assays using human colorectal carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BCP on in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo models of anti-angiogenic assays and evaluate its anti-cancer activity in xenograft tumor (both ectopic and orthotopic) mice models of human colorectal cancer. Computational structural analysis and an apoptosis antibody array were also performed to understand the molecular players underlying this effect. BCP exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity by blocking the migration of endothelial cells, tube-like network formation, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and sprouting of rat aorta microvessels. BCP has a probable binding at Site#0 on the surface of VEGFR2. Moreover, BCP significantly deformed the vascularization architecture compared to the negative control in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. BCP showed a remarkable reduction in tumor size and fluorescence molecular tomography signal intensity in all the mice treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent relationship, in ectopic and orthotopic tumor xenograft models, respectively. The histological analysis of the tumor from BCP-treated mice revealed a clear reduction of the density of vascularization. In addition, BCP induced apoptosis through downregulation of HSP60, HTRA, survivin, and XIAP, along with the upregulation of p21 expressions. These results suggest that BCP acts at multiple stages of angiogenesis and could be used as a promising therapeutic candidate to halt the growth of colorectal tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S. Dahham
- Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Rustaq 10 P.C:329, Oman
| | - Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Marawan Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Loiy E. Hassan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science & Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman 14415, Sudan;
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.B.K.A.); (A.M.S.A.M.)
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Amin M. S. A. Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.B.K.A.); (A.M.S.A.M.)
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Hayat K, Tariq U, Wong QA, Quah CK, Majid ASA, Nazari V M, Ahamed MBK, Iqbal MA, Tirmizi SA. Green synthesis of selenium based N-heterocyclic carbene compounds; structural, in-vitro anticancer and molecular docking studies. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 94:107567. [PMID: 34500323 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazolium salts (3-6) were synthesized as stable N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) precursors and their selenium-NHC compounds/Selenones (7-10) were prepared using water as a solvent. Characterization of each of the synthesized compounds was carried out by various analytical and spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H-, 13C NMR) methods. X-ray crystallographic analyses of single crystals obtained for salts 3 and 5 were carried out. Synthesized salts and their Se-NHCs were tested in-vitro for their anticancer potential against Cervical Cancer Cell line from Henrietta Lacks (HeLa), Breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), Adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and human normal endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). MTT assay was used for analysis and compared with standard drug 5-flourouracil. Benzimidazolium salts (3-6) and their selenium counter parts (7-10) were found potent anticancer agents. Salt 3-5 were found to be potent anticancer against HeLa with IC50 values 0.072, 0.017 and 0.241 μM, respectively, which are less than standard drug (4.9 μM). The Se-NHCs (7-10) had also shown significant anticancer potential against HeLa with IC50 values less than standard drug. Salts 3, 4 against EA.hy926, compounds 3,5,6, and 10 against MDA-MB-321, and compounds 4, 10 against A-549 cell line were found more potent anticancer agents with IC50 values less than standard drug. Molecular docking for (7-10) showed their good anti-angiogenic potential having low binding energy and significant inhibition constant values with VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor), EGF (human epidermal growth factor), COX1 (cyclooxygenase-1) and HIF (hypoxia inducible factor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khizar Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Government P/G College of Science, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umaira Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, The Minhaj University, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Qin Ai Wong
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Mansoureh Nazari V
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, University August 17, 1945 14350 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., A1-4, Lot 5, Persiaran 2/1, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sungai Petani, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ahmed Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Al-Dulaimi DW, Shah Abdul Majid A, M Baharetha H, Ahamed MBK, Faisal SF, Al Zarzour RH, Ein Oon C, Abdul Majid AMS, Ahmed Hassan LE. Anticlastogenic, antimutagenic, and cytoprotective properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic leaves extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:641-650. [PMID: 32321321 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1749652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus (O.S) is widely consumed for its medidcinal value including anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and diuretic properties. The present study evaluates the cytoprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies of standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus. Normal liver cell line (WRL68) exposed to hydrogen peroxide and serum-deprived media as insults to evaluate cytoprotective and glutathione activation activities of (Et. O. s). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 exposed to different concentrations of (Et. O. s). The influence of Et. O. s on mitotic, replicative indices as well as chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitomycin C (MMC). The Et. O.s proved to be a potent scavenger for hydrogen peroxide and other free radicals in serum-depraved media, which showed to stimulate glutathione production in liver cells line. Moreover, it did not induce mutations in S. typhimurium subspecies TA98 and TA100. The standardized extract exhibited powerful antimutagenic activities as verified against both 2-nitrofluorene and sodium azide in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 cells, respectively. Cytogenetic tests showed high concentrations of Et. O. s to reduce the values of mitotic and replicative indices without any accompanying side effects, such as chromosomal abnormalities or SCE. To ameliorate MMC effects, pretreatment with the extract proofed to be efficient protocol. These data suggests that O. stamineus extract could be useful as cytoprotective, antimutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies, which owes to its potent chemoprevention, antioxidant, and glutathione activation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhamraa W Al-Dulaimi
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq.,EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hussein M Baharetha
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Furqan Faisal
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University
| | - Loiy E Ahmed Hassan
- EMAN Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Slaihim MM, Al-Suede FSR, Khairuddean M, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Shah Abdul Majid AM. Synthesis, characterisation of new derivatives with mono ring system of 1,2,4-triazole scaffold and their anticancer activities. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Arafath MA, Al-Suede FSR, Adam F, Al-Juaid S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Majid AMSA. Schiff base-nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes derived from N-cyclohexyl hydrazine carbothioamide and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde: Selective antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects against colorectal carcinoma. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:778-790. [PMID: 31215682 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bidentate N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide Schiff base ligand (HL) was coordinated to divalent nickel, palladium and platinum ions to form square planar complexes. The nickel and palladium complexes, [NiL2 ], [PdL2 ] form square planar complexes with 2:1 ligand to metal ratio. The platinum complex, [PtL(dmso)Cl] formed a square planar complex with 1:1 ligand to metal ratio. Platinum undergoes in situ reaction with DMSO before complexing with the ligand in solution. The cytotoxicity of HL, [NiL2 ], [PdL2 ], and [PtL(dmso)Cl] were evaluated against human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116), human cervical cancer (Hela) cell line, melanoma (B16F10) cells, and human normal endothelial cell lines (Eahy926) by MTT assay. The [NiL2 ] complex displayed selective cytotoxic effect against the HCT 116 cancer cell line with IC50 of 7.9 ± 0.2 μM. However, HL, [PdL2 ], and [PtL(dmso)Cl] only exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 75.9 ± 2.4, 100.0 ± 1.8, and 101.0 ± 3.6 μM, respectively. The potent cytotoxicity of [NiL2 ] was characterized using Hoechst and Rhodamine assays. The nickel complex, [NiL2 ], caused remarkable nuclear condensation and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, molecular docking studies confirms that [NiL2 ] possesses significant binding efficiency with Tyrosine kinase. Altogether, the results revealed that [NiL2 ] exhibits cytotoxicity against the cancer cells via Tyrosine kinase-induced proapoptosis pathway. This study demonstrates that the [NiL2 ] complex could be a promising therapeutic agent against colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azharul Arafath
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Fouad S R Al-Suede
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Farook Adam
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Salih Al-Juaid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., EUREKA Complex, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amin M S A Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Kamal A, Nazari V M, Yaseen M, Iqbal MA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, Bhatti HN. Green synthesis of selenium-N-heterocyclic carbene compounds: Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103042. [PMID: 31226469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three benzimidazolium salts (III-V) and respective selenium adducts (VI-VIII) were designed, synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques (FT-IR and NMR 1H, 13C). Selected salts and respective selenium N-Heterocyclic carbenes (selenium-NHC) adducts were tested in vitro against Cervical Cancer Cell line (Hela), Breast Adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), Retinal Ganglion Cell line (RGC-5) and Mouse Melanoma Cell line (B16F10) using MTT assay and the results were compared with standard drug 5-Fluorouracil. Se-NHC compounds and azolium salts showed significant anticancer potential. Molecular docking studies of compounds (VI, VII and VIII) showed strong binding energies and ligand affinity toward following angiogenic factors: VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), EGF (human epidermal growth factor), HIF (Hypoxia-inducible factor) and COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) suggesting that the anticancer activity of adducts (VI, VII and VIII) may be due to their strong anti-angiogenic effect. In addition, compounds III-VIII were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. Adduct VI was found to be potent anti-fungal agent against A. Niger with zone of inhibition (ZI) value 27.01 ± 0.251 mm which is better than standard drug Clotrimazole tested in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mansoureh Nazari V
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education (Lahore), Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., A1-4, Lot 5, Persiaran 2/1, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sungai Petani, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
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Umar MI, Iqbal MA, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Altaf R, Hassan LEA, Haque RA, Abdul Majeed AMS, Asmawi MZ. Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Properties of Ethyl-p-Methoxycinnamate and Its Hydrophilic Derivative Potassium-p-Methoxycinnamate. Chemistry Africa 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-018-0010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fatima T, Haque RA, Iqbal MA, Ahmad A, Hassan LEA, Taleb-Agha M, Ahamed MBK, Majid AA, Razali MR. Tetra N -heterocyclic carbene dinuclear silver(I) complexes as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis and in vitro anticancer studies. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hassan LEA, Iqbal MA, Dahham SS, Tabana YM, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMSA. Colorectal, Prostate and Pancreas Human Cancers Targeted Bioassay-guided Isolations and Characterization of Chemical Constituents from Tephrosia apollinea. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 17:590-598. [PMID: 27671298 DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666160926113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division caused by dysregulation of cell proliferation. Therefore, agents that impair cancer cell proliferation could have potential therapeutic value. Higher plants are considered to be a good source of anticancer agents, and several clinically tested chemotherapeutic agents have been isolated from plants or derived from constituents of plant origin. METHODS In the present study, a prenylated flavone (isoglabratephrin) was isolated from aerial parts of Tephrosia apollinea using a bioassay-guided technique. Chemical structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (NMR, IR, and LC-MC), elemental analysis and confirmed by using single crystal X-ray analysis. The antiproliferative effect of isoglabratephrin was tested using three human cancer cell lines (prostate (PC3), pancreatic (PANC-1), and colon (HCT-116) and one normal cell line (human fibroblast). RESULTS Isoglabratephrin displayed selective inhibitory activity against proliferation of PC3 and PANC-1 cells with median inhibitory concentration values of 20.4 and 26.6 μg/ml, respectively. Isoglabratephrin demonstrated proapoptotic features, as it induced chromatin dissolution, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation. It also disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated cancer cells. CONCLUSION Isoglabratephrin could be a new lead to treat human prostate (PC3) and pancreatic (PANC-1) malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiy Elsir A Hassan
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Penang. Malaysia
| | | | - Saad S Dahham
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Penang. Malaysia
| | - Yasser M Tabana
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Penang. Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Penang. Malaysia
| | - Amin M S Abdul Majid
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Penang. Malaysia
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Asif M, Shafaei A, Abdul Majid AS, Ezzat MO, Dahham SS, Ahamed MBK, Oon CE, Abdul Majid AMS. Mesua ferrea stem bark extract induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in human colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 cells, through modulation of multiple cell signalling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:505-514. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ali AQ, Teoh SG, Eltayeb NE, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid A, Almutaleb AA. Synthesis, structure and in vitro
anticancer, DNA binding and cleavage activity of palladium (II) complexes based on isatin thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Qasem Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Sebha University; Sebha Libya
| | - Siang Guan Teoh
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Minden-11800 Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Naser Eltaher Eltayeb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts; King Abdullaziz University; Rabigh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Minden-11800 Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - A.M.S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Minden-11800 Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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Fatima T, Haque RA, Razali MR, Ahmad A, Asif M, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS. Effect of lipophilicity of wingtip groups on the anticancer potential of mono N-heterocyclic carbene silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures and in vitro
anticancer study. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Fatima
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohd R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory; School of Pharmacy; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd; Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex; Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM); Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - A. M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory; School of Pharmacy; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
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Arafath MA, Adam F, Razali MR, Ahmed Hassan LE, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMS. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with Schiff base derived from N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Tabana YM, Al-Suede FSR, Ahamed MBK, Dahham SS, Hassan LEA, Khalilpour S, Taleb-Agha M, Sandai D, Majid ASA, Majid AMSA. Cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) tea modulates arthritis pathogenesis via the angiogenesis and inflammatory cascade. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:480. [PMID: 27881135 PMCID: PMC5122152 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Orthosiphon stamineus is used traditionally to treat gout, arthritis, and inflammatory related conditions. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the plant have been scientifically investigated. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the 50% ethanol extract of O. stamineus (EOS) to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Anti-arthritic activity was assessed using the in vitro heat denaturation test and the (FCA)-induced arthritis model. Efficacy was assessed by measurements of paw edema and granulation, X-ray radiography, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), and histological evaluation. Levels of (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and (COX-1 and COX-2) were analyzed in vitro in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophage (U937). TNF-α and IL-1 levels in the serum samples of arthritic rats were also measured using an ELISA kit. Results Treatment with EOS resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema in acute and chronic models of inflammation. It also inhibited significantly the production of TNF-α, IL-1 COX-1, and COX-2 in the LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages. EOS significantly suppressed FCA-induced paw edema as well as the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1. X-rays of the synovial joint of the hind leg showed considerable improvement in joint integrity and recovery of tibia-talus bones from degeneration and osteoporotic lesions. Histology of proximal interphalangeal joints of EOS-treated animals showed obvious protection of cartilage and soft tissue. Finally, FMT analysis strongly supported the anti-arthritic effect of EOS. EOS had high phenolic and total flavonoid content as well as strong antioxidant activity. Conclusions Results illustrated that the anti-arthritic properties of O. stamineus could be beneficial for prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Graphical abstract Illustration of the Anti- arthritis efficacy of Orthosiphon Stamineus standardized extract. ![]()
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Fatima T, Haque RA, Razali MR, Ahmad A, Iqbal MA, Asif M, Ahamed MBK, Abdul Majid AMS. Synthesis, crystal structure, in vitro anticancer and in vivo acute oral toxicity studies of tetramethylene linked bis-benzimidazolium salts and their respective dinuclear Ag(I)–NHC complexes. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1230670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Fatima
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Asif
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - A. M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Tabana YM, Hassan LEA, Ahamed MBK, Dahham SS, Iqbal MA, Saeed MAA, Khan MSS, Sandai D, Majid ASA, Oon CE, Majid AMSA. Scopoletin, an active principle of tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) inhibits human tumor vascularization in xenograft models and modulates ERK1, VEGF-A, and FGF-2 in computer model. Microvasc Res 2016; 107:17-33. [PMID: 27133199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the antineovascularization effect of scopoletin on rat aorta and identified its potential anti-angiogenic activity. Scopoletin could be useful as a systemic chemotherapeutic agent against angiogenesis-dependent malignancies if its antitumorigenic activity is investigated and scientifically proven using a suitable human tumor xenograft model. In the present study, bioassay-guided (anti-angiogenesis) phytochemical investigation was conducted on Nicotiana glauca extract which led to the isolation of scopoletin. Further, anti-angiogenic activity of scopoletin was characterized using ex vivo, in vivo and in silico angiogenesis models. Finally, the antitumorigenic efficacy of scopoletin was studied in human colorectal tumor xenograft model using athymic nude mice. For the first time, an in vivo anticancer activity of scopoletin was reported and characterized using xenograft models. Scopoletin caused significant suppression of sprouting of microvessels in rat aortic explants with IC50 (median inhibitory concentration) 0.06μM. Scopoletin (100 and 200mg/kg) strongly inhibited (59.72 and 89.4%, respectively) vascularization in matrigel plugs implanted in nude mice. In the tumor xenograft model, scopoletin showed remarkable inhibition on tumor growth (34.2 and 94.7% at 100 and 200mg/kg, respectively). Tumor histology revealed drastic reduction of the extent of vascularization. Further, immunostaining of CD31 and NG2 receptors in the histological sections confirmed the antivascular effect of scopoletin in tumor vasculature. In computer modeling, scopoletin showed strong ligand affinity and binding energies toward the following angiogenic factors: protein kinase (ERK1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). These results suggest that the antitumor activity of scopoletin may be due to its strong anti-angiogenic effect, which may be mediated by its effective inhibition of ERK1, VEGF-A, and FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Tabana
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Loiy Elsir A Hassan
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd. Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Campus, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Saad S Dahham
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd. Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Campus, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A A Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Md Shamsuddin S Khan
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aman S Abdul Majid
- Department of Pharmacology, Quest International University, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik S A Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Dahham SS, Hassan LEA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, Majid AMSA, Zulkepli NN. In vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of essential oils extract from agarwood (Aquilaria crassna). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:236. [PMID: 27450078 PMCID: PMC4957886 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquilaria crassna has been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat vomiting, rheumatism, asthma, and cough. Furthermore, earlier studies from our laboratory have revealed that the essential oil extract from agarwood inhibited colorectal carcinoma cells. Despite of the wide range of ethno-pharmacological uses of agarwood, its toxicity has not been previously evaluated through systematic toxicological studies. Therefore, the potential safety of essential oil extract and its in vivo anti-tumor activity had been investigated. METHODS In the acute toxicity study, Swiss female mice were given a single dose of the essential oil extract at 2000 mg/kg/day orally and screened for two weeks after administration. Meanwhile, in the sub-chronic study, two different doses of the extract were administered for 28 days. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, and histological parameters were monitored during the study. Other than that, in vivo anti-tumor study was assessed by using subcutaneous tumors model established in nude mice. RESULTS The acute toxicity study showed that the LD50 of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose for 28-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of essential oil per body weight revealed insignificant difference in food and water intakes, bodyweight change, hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, gross findings or histopathology compared to the control group. Nevertheless, the essential oil extract, when supplemented to nude mice, caused significant growth inhibition of the subcutaneous tumor of HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data obtained indicated that essential oil extract from agarwood might be a safe material, and this essential oil is suggested as a potential anti-colon cancer candidate.
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Farsi E, Esmailli K, Shafaei A, Moradi Khaniabadi P, Al Hindi B, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Sandai D, Abdul Sattar M, Ismail Z, Abdul Majid AMS, Abdul Majid AS. Mutagenicity and preclinical safety assessment of the aqueous extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 39:461-73. [PMID: 27033971 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2016.1157810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinacanthus nutans (CN) is used traditionally for treating various illnesses. Robust safety data to support its use is lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adverse effects of aqueous extract of CN leaves (AECNL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The oral toxicity of the AECNL was tested following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Mutagenicity (Ames test) of AECNL was evaluated using TA98 and TA100 Salmonella typhimurium strains. RESULTS No mortality or morbidity was found in the animals upon single and repeated dose administration. However, significant body weight loss was observed at 2000 mg/kg during sub-chronic (90 d) exposure. In addition, increased eosinophil at 500 mg/kg and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase levels at 2000 mg/kg were observed in male rats. Variations in glucose and lipid profiles in treated groups were also observed compared to control. Ames test revealed no evidence of mutagenic or carcinogenic effects at 500 μg/well of AECNL. CONCLUSION The median lethal dose (LD50) of the AECNL is >5000 mg/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level is identified to be greater than 2000 mg/kg/day in 90-d study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Farsi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Kameh Esmailli
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Bassel Al Hindi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Doblin Sandai
- b Advanced Medical and Dental Institute , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Zhari Ismail
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
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Haque RA, Ghdhayeb MZ, Budagumpi S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS. Correction: Synthesis, crystal structures, and in vitro anticancer properties of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver( i)- and gold( i)/( iii)-complexes: a rare example of silver( i)–NHC complex involved in redox transmetallation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra90060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Synthesis, crystal structures, and in vitro anticancer properties of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(i)- and gold(i)/(iii)-complexes: a rare example of silver(i)–NHC complex involved in redox transmetallation’ by Rosenani A. Haque et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 60407–60421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosenani A. Haque
- The School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Z. Ghdhayeb
- The School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Jain Global Campus
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
| | - Amin M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
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Haque RA, Ghdhayeb MZ, Budagumpi S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS. Synthesis, crystal structures, and in vitro anticancer properties of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(i)- and gold(i)/(iii)-complexes: a rare example of silver(i)–NHC complex involved in redox transmetallation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cationic, linearly coordinated silver(i)– and gold(i/iii)–NHC complexes of (benz)imidazol-2-ylidene ligands was prepared and successfully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Z. Ghdhayeb
- The School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
| | | | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
| | - Amin M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 USM
- Malaysia
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Asif M, Iqbal MA, Hussein MA, Oon CE, Haque RA, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AS, Abdul Majid AMS. Human colon cancer targeted pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and cytostatic effects of binuclear Silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:177-187. [PMID: 26649905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current mechanistic study was conducted to explore the effects of increased lipophilicity of binuclear silver(I)-NHC complexes on cytotoxicity. Two new silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) complexes (3 and 4), having lypophilic terminal alkyl chains (Octyl and Decyl), were derived from meta-xylyl linked bis-benzimidazolium salts (1 and 2). Each of the synthesized compounds was characterized by microanalysis and spectroscopic techniques. The complexes were tested for their cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer c as well normal cell lines using MTT assay. Based on MTT assay results, complex 4 was found to be selectively toxic towards human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116). Complex 4 was further studied in detail to explore the mechanism of cell death and findings of the study revealed that complex 4 has promising pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic activities against HCT 116 cells. Furthermore, it showed pronounced cytostatic effects in HCT 116 multicellular spheroid model. Hence, binuclear silver(I)-NHC complexes with longer terminal aliphatic chains have worth to be further studied against human colon cancer for the purpose of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Community College, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mouayed A Hussein
- University of Basrah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Basra 61004, Iraq
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aman Shah Abdul Majid
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia.
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Elhadi AA, Osman H, Iqbal MA, Rajeswari SK, Ahamed MBK, Abdul Majid AM, Rosli MM, Razak IA, Majid ASA. Synthesis and structural elucidation of two new series of aurone derivatives as potent inhibitors against the proliferation of human cancer cells. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Haque RA, Choo SY, Budagumpi S, Abdullah AAA, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AM. Synthesis, crystal structures, characterization and biological studies of nitrile-functionalized silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Iqbal MA, Umar MI, Haque RA, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Asmawi MZB, Majid AMSA. Macrophage and colon tumor cells as targets for a binuclear silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex, an anti-inflammatory and apoptosis mediator. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 146:1-13. [PMID: 25699476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation intensifies the risk for malignant neoplasm, indicating that curbing inflammation could be a valid strategy to prevent or cure cancer. Cancer and inflammation are inter-related diseases and many anti-inflammatory agents are also used in chemotherapy. Earlier, we have reported a series of novel ligands and respective binuclear Ag(I)-NHC complexes (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) with potential anticancer activity. In the present study, a newly synthesized salt (II) and respective Ag(I)-NHC complex (III) of comparable molecular framework were prepared for a further detailed study. Preliminarily, II and III were screened against HCT-116 and PC-3 cells, wherein III showed better results than II. Both the compounds showed negligible toxicity against normal CCD-18Co cells. In FAM-FLICA caspase assay, III remarkably induced caspase-3/7 in HCT-116 cells most probably by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) independent intrinsic pathway and significantly inhibited in vitro synthesis of cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF-α in human macrophages (U937 cells). In a cell-free system, both the compounds inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX) activities, with III being more selective towards COX-2. The results revealed that III has strong antiproliferative property selectively against colorectal tumor cells which could be attributed to its pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaini Bin Asmawi
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
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Hussein MA, Guan TS, Haque RA, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS. Mononuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) thiosemicarbazonato complexes: Synthesis, characterization, structural illustration, in vitro DNA binding, cleavage, and antitumor properties. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 136 Pt C:1335-1348. [PMID: 25456676 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes were synthesized by reacting [MoO2(acac)2] with N-ethyl-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (1), N-ethyl-2-(5-allyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (2), N-methyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (3), and N-ethyl-2-(3-methyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (4). The molecular structures of 1, 2, and all the synthesized complexes were determined using single crystal X-ray crystallography. The binding properties of the ligand and complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated via UV, fluorescence titrations, and viscosity measurement. Gel electrophoresis revealed that all the complexes cleave pBR 322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxicity of the complexes were studied against the HCT 116 human colorectal cell line. All the complexes exhibited more pronounced activity than the standard reference drug 5-fluorouracil (IC50 7.3μM). These studies show that dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes could be potentially useful in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouayed A Hussein
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Teoh S Guan
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Amin M S Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Win YF, Choong CS, Dang JC, Iqbal MA, Quah CK, Kanuparth SR, Haque RA, Ahamed MBK, Teoh SG. Synthesis, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties of two new organotin (IV) complexes and their antiproliferative effect against cancerous and non-cancerous cells. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hussein MA, Guan TS, Haque RA, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMA. Synthesis and characterization of thiosemicarbazonato molybdenum(VI) complexes: In vitro DNA binding, cleavage, and antitumor activities. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Abdul Majid AMS, Atangwho IJ, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Altaf R, Ahmad A. Multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:1411-1422. [PMID: 25026347 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.895017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceaes) leaves have been used traditionally to treat swelling and rheumatism in Indian cultures. OBJECTIVE To fractionate A. indica leaf extracts using bioactivity guided manner for identification of the active anti-inflammatory principles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polarity-gradient sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water) of A. indica leaves were screened for their anti-inflammatory potential using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model (1 g/kg). The chloroform extract was sequentially fractionated to obtain n-hexane (F-1), n-hexane-chloroform (F-2), and chloroform (F-3) fractions and their inhibitory effect on rat paw edema was evaluated (500 mg/kg). Inhibitory effect of F-2 on granuloma formation, plasma interleukin (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was assessed at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg using the cotton pellet assay in rats. Three sub-fractions (SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3) were obtained upon chromatography of F-2, and their inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase was assessed at 200 µg/mL concentration. The sub-fractions were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS All the extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory effect; however, chloroform extract was the most effective against paw edema (53.25% inhibition). The three fractions of chloroform extract showed significant effect, while F-2 being the most potent (51.02%). F-2 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of granuloma and cytokines. Interestingly, all the sub-fractions of F-2 inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 with almost equal potential. GC-MS revealed that chemically the sub-fractions were totally different from each other. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Anti-inflammatory effect of A. indica is a result of cumulative and synergistic effects of diversified constituents with varying polarities that collectively exert the effect via suppression of cyclo-oxygenases and cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
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Hassan LEA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, Baharetha HM, Muslim NS, Nassar ZD, Majid AMSA. Correlation of antiangiogenic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some Sudanese medicinal plants with phenolic and flavonoid contents. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:406. [PMID: 25331269 PMCID: PMC4210631 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of medicinal plants to overcome diseases is traditionally belongs to the characteristics of most cultures on this earth. Sudan has been a host and cradle to various ancient civilizations and developed a vast knowledge on traditional medicinal plants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities of six Sudanese medicinal plants which have been traditionally used to treat neoplasia. Further the biological activities were correlated with phytochemical contents of the plant extracts. METHODS Different parts of the plants were subjected to sequential extraction method. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined by dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on 2 human cancer (colon and breast) and normal (endothelial and colon fibroblast) cells. Anti-angiogenic potential was tested using ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay was conducted to screen the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts. Finally, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in the extracts using colorimetric assays. RESULTS The results indicated that out of 6 plants tested, 4 plants (Nicotiana glauca, Tephrosia apollinea, Combretum hartmannianum and Tamarix nilotica) exhibited remarkable anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting the sprouting of microvessels more than 60%. However, the most potent antiangiogenic effect was recorded by ethanol extract of T. apollinea (94.62%). In addition, the plants exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against human breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT 116) cancer cells while being non-cytotoxic to the tested normal cells. The IC50 values determined for C. hartmannianum, N. gluaca and T. apollinea against MCF-7 cells were 8.48, 10.78 and 29.36 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas, the IC50 values estimated for N. gluaca, T. apollinea and C. hartmannianum against HCT 116 cells were 5.4, 20.2 and 27.2 μg/ml, respectively. These results were more or less equal to the standard reference drugs, tamoxifen (IC50 = 6.67 μg/ml) and 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 3.9 μg/ml) tested against MCF-7 and HCT 116, respectively. Extracts of C. hartmannianum bark and N. glauca leaves demonstrated potent antioxidant effect with IC50s range from 9.4-22.4 and 13.4-30 μg/ml, respectively. Extracts of N. glauca leaves and T apollinea aerial parts demonstrated high amount of flavonoids range from 57.6-88.1 and 10.7-78 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results are in good agreement with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants (N. glauca, T. apollinea, C. hartmannianum and T. nilotica) to cure the oxidative stress and paraneoplastic symptoms caused by the cancer. These findings endorse further investigations on these plants to determine the active principles and their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiy Elsir A Hassan
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
- />Department of Botany, Faculty of Science& Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 383, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
| | - Aman S Abdul Majid
- />Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
| | - Hussein M Baharetha
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
- />Department of Pharmacy, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Fuluk, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen
| | - Nahdzatul S Muslim
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Amin MS Abdul Majid
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
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Ali AQ, Teoh SG, Eltayeb NE, Ahamed MBK, Majid AA. Synthesis of nickel(II) complexes of isatin thiosemicarbazone derivatives: in vitro anti-cancer, DNA binding, and cleavage activities. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.959943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Qasem Ali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Siang Guan Teoh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Naser Eltaher Eltayeb
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences & Arts College – Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ams Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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Baharetha HM, Nassar ZD, Aisha AF, Ahamed MBK, Al-Suede FSR, Abd Kadir MO, Ismail Z, Majid AMSA. Proapoptotic and antimetastatic properties of supercritical CO2 extract of Nigella sativa Linn. against breast cancer cells. J Med Food 2014; 16:1121-30. [PMID: 24328702 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa, commonly referred as black cumin, is a popular spice that has been used since the ancient Egyptians. It has traditionally been used for treatment of various human ailments ranging from fever to intestinal disturbances to cancer. This study investigated the apoptotic, antimetastatic, and anticancer activities of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts of the seeds of N. sativa Linn. against estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Twelve extracts were prepared from N. sativa seeds using the SC-CO2 extraction method by varying pressure and temperature. Extracts were analyzed using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated on various human cancer and normal cell lines. Of the 12 extracts, 1 extract (A3) that was prepared at 60°C and 2500 psi (~17.24 MPa) showed selective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 53.34±2.15 μg/mL. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by evaluating caspases activities and observing the cells under a scanning electron microscope. In vitro antimetastatic properties of A3 were investigated by colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion assays. The elevated levels of caspases in A3 treated MCF-7 cells suggest that A3 is proapoptotic. Further nuclear condensation and fragmentation studies confirmed that A3 induces cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway. A3 also demonstrated remarkable inhibition in migration and invasion assays of MCF-7 cells at subcytotoxic concentrations. Thus, this study highlights the therapeutic potentials of SC-CO2 extract of N. sativa in targeting breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M Baharetha
- 1 EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, Malaysia
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Jafari SF, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Iqbal MA, Al Suede FSR, Khalid SH, Haque RA, Nassar ZD, Umar MI, Abdul Majid AMS. Increased aqueous solubility and proapoptotic activity of potassium koetjapate against human colorectal cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1394-409. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Recently, we have isolated koetjapic acid (KA) from Sandoricum koetjape and identified its selective anticancer potentiality against colorectal carcinoma. KA is quite likely to be useful as a systemic anticancer agent against colorectal malignancy. However, with extremely low solubility, KA has to be converted into a biocompatible solubilized form without compromising the bioefficacy. Objective of this study is to enhance solubility of KA and to evaluate anticancer efficacy of potassium koetjapate in human colorectal cancer cells.
Methods
(2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and solid dispersions (carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium lauryl sulphate) of KA were prepared. In addition, a salt of KA, potassium koetjapate was synthesized.
Key findings
Potassium koetjapate demonstrated higher solubility than the other tested formulations with enhanced cytotoxicity against HCT 116 cells. The enhanced efficacy of potassium koetjapate is attributed to apoptotic induction of nuclear condensation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells. Interestingly, potassium koetjapate was found to be safe in rats after oral administration (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg).
Conclusions
The salt formulation of KA appears to modulate the capability of the parent compound by enhancing its solubility and improves its bioefficacy against colon cancer cells, suggesting attractive roles for its applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Jafari
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Saleih R Al Suede
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Farsi E, Ahmad M, Hor SY, Ahamed MBK, Yam MF, Asmawi MZ. Standardized extract of Ficus deltoidea stimulates insulin secretion and blocks hepatic glucose production by regulating the expression of glucose-metabolic genes in streptozitocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:220. [PMID: 24993916 PMCID: PMC4094436 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been increasing interest in Ficus deltoidea Jack. (Moraceae) due to its chemical composition and the potential health benefits. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of extracts of F. deltoidea leaves on diabetes. METHODS The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of F. deltoidea were prepared and subjected to standardization using preliminary phytochemical and HPLC analysis. Dose selection was made on the basis of acute oral toxicity study (50-5000 mg/kg b. w.) as per OECD guidelines. Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin and rats found diabetic were orally administered with the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 14 days. Levels of blood glucose and insulin were measured in control as well as diabetic rats on 0, 7 and 14th day. In addition, glucose metabolism regulating gene expression was assessed using RT-PCR. RESULTS HPLC analysis revealed that the methanol extract is enriched with C-glycosylflavones particularly, vitexin and isovitexin. In oral glucose tolerance test, oral administration of the methanol extract increased the glucose tolerance. The methanol extract showed significant (P < 0.01) antidiabetic activity. The extract treatment caused significant reduction (p < 0.01) in elevated fasting blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The streptozotocin-related weight loss in rats was noticeably reversed by the extract treatment. Finally, RT-PCR analysis revealed a novel mechanisms for the anti-diabetic action of methanol extract of F. deltoidea. The extract exerted its effect via an increase of insulin secretion which impeded the hepatic glucose production, via down-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase genes expression on one hand, and up-regulation of hepatic GK and PPARγ genes expression on the other hand. The extract caused an increased expression of GLUT-4 gene expression in skeletal muscles which leads to normalize the hyperglycemia. The extract also nullified the toxic effects of streptozitocin by blocking its entry into the islet β-cells through reducing the expression of GLUT-2 gene. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that, F. deltoidea could potentially inhibits the streptozitocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats. Further the herb can be utilized as useful remedy for alleviation of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Farsi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Hor
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Haque RA, Budagumpi S, Zetty Zulikha H, Hasanudin N, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AM. Silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of nitrile-functionalized imidazol-2-ylidene ligands as anticancer agents. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ali AQ, Teoh SG, Salhin A, Eltayeb NE, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS. Synthesis of isatin thiosemicarbazones derivatives: in vitro anti-cancer, DNA binding and cleavage activities. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 125:440-448. [PMID: 24607427 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
New derivatives of thiosemicarbazone Schiff base with isatin moiety were synthesized L1-L6. The structures of these compounds were characterized based on the spectroscopic techniques. Compound L6 was further characterized by XRD single crystal. The interaction of these compounds with calf thymus (CT-DNA) exhibited high intrinsic binding constant (k(b)=5.03-33.00×10(5) M(-1)) for L1-L3 and L5 and (6.14-9.47×10(4) M(-1)) for L4 and L6 which reflect intercalative activity of these compounds toward CT-DNA. This result was also confirmed by the viscosity data. The electrophoresis studies reveal the higher cleavage activity of L1-L3 than L4-L6. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of these compounds against human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) revealed that the synthesized compounds (L3, L6 and L2) exhibited good anticancer potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Qasem Ali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Siang Guan Teoh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Abdussalam Salhin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Naser Eltaher Eltayeb
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences & Arts College - Rabigh, King AbdullAziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - A M S Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Ali AQ, Teoh SG, Salhin A, Eltayeb NE, Ahamed MBK, Majid AA. Synthesis of platinum(II) complexes of isatin thiosemicarbazones derivatives: In vitro anti-cancer and deoxyribose nucleic acid binding activities. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hussein MA, Guan TS, Haque RA, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMA. Structures, DNA binding, DNA cleavage, and antitumor investigations of a series of molybdenum(VI) complexes with some N(4) methyl and ethyl thiosemicarbazone ligands. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.893430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teoh S. Guan
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Amin M.S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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Ahmed Hassan LE, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AS, Iqbal MA, Al Suede FSR, Haque RA, Ismail Z, Ein OC, Majid AMSA. Crystal structure elucidation and anticancer studies of (-)-pseudosemiglabrin: a flavanone isolated from the aerial parts of Tephrosia apollinea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90806. [PMID: 24608571 PMCID: PMC3946547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tephrosia apollinea is a perennial shrublet widely distributed in Africa and is known to have medicinal properties. The current study describes the bio-assay (cytotoxicity) guided isolation of (-)-pseudosemiglabrin from the aerial parts of T. apollinea. The structural and stereochemical features have been described using spectral and x-ray crystallographic techniques. The cytotoxicity of isolated compound was evaluated against nine cancer cell lines. In addition, human fibroblast was used as a model cell line for normal cells. The results showed that (-)-pseudosemiglabrin exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on most of the tested cancer cell lines. Selectively, the compound showed significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of leukemia, prostate and breast cancer cell lines. Further studies revealed that, the compound exhibited proapoptotic phenomenon of cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the compound did not display toxicity against the normal human fibroblast. It can be concluded that (-)-pseudosemiglabrin is worthy for further investigation as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiy Elsir Ahmed Hassan
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aman Shah Abdul Majid
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Fouad Saleih R. Al Suede
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhari Ismail
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Oon Chern Ein
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Majid AMSA, Al-Suede FSR, Hassan LEA, Altaf R, Ahamed MBK. Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga inhibits inflammation by suppressing interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and angiogenesis by blocking endothelial functions. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:134-44. [PMID: 24519205 PMCID: PMC3912339 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(02)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate were assessed using the cotton pellet granuloma assay in rats, whereby the levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in the animals' blood. In addition, the levels of interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and nitric oxide were measured in vitro using the human macrophage cell line (U937). The analgesic effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate were assessed by the tail flick assay in rats. The anti-angiogenic effects were evaluated first by the rat aortic ring assay and, subsequently, by assessing the inhibitory effects of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate on vascular endothelial growth factor, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RESULTS Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate strongly inhibited granuloma tissue formation in rats. It prolonged the tail flick time in rats by more than two-fold compared with the control animals. The inhibition of interleukin and tumor necrosis factor by ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate was significant in both in vivo and in vitro models; however, only a moderate inhibition of nitric oxide was observed in macrophages. Furthermore, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate considerably inhibited microvessel sprouting from the rat aorta. These mechanistic studies showed that ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate strongly inhibited the differentiation and migration of endothelial cells, which was further confirmed by the reduced level of vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSION Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate exhibits significant anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis, thus inhibiting the main functions of endothelial cells. Thus, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amirin Sadikun
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Fouad Saleih R Al-Suede
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Loiy Elsir Ahmed Hassan
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rabia Altaf
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
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Haque RA, Hasanudin N, Iqbal MA, Ahmad A, Hashim S, Abdul Majid A, Ahamed MBK. Synthesis, crystal structures, in vitro anticancer, and in vivo acute oral toxicity studies of bis-imidazolium/benzimidazolium salts and respective dinuclear Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.831406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosenani A. Haque
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Hashim
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ams Abdul Majid
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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Al-Salahi OSA, Kit-Lam C, Majid AMSA, Al-Suede FSR, Mohammed Saghir SA, Abdullah WZ, Ahamed MBK, Yusoff NM. Anti-angiogenic quassinoid-rich fraction from Eurycoma longifolia modulates endothelial cell function. Microvasc Res 2013; 90:30-9. [PMID: 23899415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis could be an excellent strategy to combat angiogenesis-dependent pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, proliferative retinopathy and atherosclerosis. Recently a number of clinical investigations are being undertaken to assess the potential therapeutic application of various anti-angiogenic agents. Many of these angiogenesis inhibitors are directed against the functions of endothelial cells, which are considered as the building blocks of blood vessels. Similarly, roots of a traditional medicinal plant, Eurycoma longifolia, can be used as an alternative treatment to prevent and treat the angiogenesis-related diseases. In the present study, antiangiogenic potential of partially purified quassinoid-rich fraction (TAF273) of E. longifolia root extract was evaluated using ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis models and the anti-angiogenic efficacy of TAF273 was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). TAF273 caused significant suppression in sprouting of microvessels in rat aorta with IC50 11.5μg/ml. TAF273 (50μg/ml) showed remarkable inhibition (63.13%) of neovascularization in chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo. Tumor histology also revealed marked reduction in extent of vascularization. In vitro, TAF273 significantly inhibited the major angiogenesis steps such as proliferation, migration and differentiation of HUVECs. Phytochemical analysis revealed high content of quassinoids in TAF273. Specially, HPLC characterization showed that TAF273 is enriched with eurycomanone, 13α(21)-epoxyeurycomanone and eurycomanol. These results demonstrated that the antiangiogenic activity of TAF273 may be due to its inhibitory effect on endothelial cell proliferation, differentiation and migration which could be attributed to the high content of quassinoids in E. longifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Saeed Ali Al-Salahi
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Farsi E, Shafaei A, Hor SY, Ahamed MBK, Yam MF, Asmawi MZ, Ismail Z. Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:865-75. [PMID: 23778480 PMCID: PMC3674303 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(06)23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ficus deltoidea leaves have been used in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia to treat diabetes, inflammation, diarrhea, and infections. The present study was conducted to assess the genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity of a standardized methanol extract of F. deltoidea leaves. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were orally treated with five different single doses of the extract and screened for signs of toxicity for two weeks after administration. In the subchronic study, three different doses of the extract were administered for 28 days. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, and histological parameters were monitored during the study. Genotoxicity was assessed using the Ames test with the TA98 and TA100 Salmonella typhimurium strains. Phytochemical standardization was performed using a colorimeter and high-performance liquid chromatography. Heavy metal detection was performed using an atomic absorption spectrometer. RESULTS The acute toxicity study showed that the LD50 of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the subchronic toxicity study, there were no significant adverse effects on food consumption, body weight, organ weights, mortality, clinical chemistry, hematology, gross pathology, or histopathology. However, a dose-dependent increase in the serum urea level was observed. The Ames test revealed that the extract did not have any potential to induce gene mutations in S. typhimurium, either in the presence or absence of S9 activation. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed high contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed high levels of vitexin and isovitexin in the extract, and the levels of heavy metals were below the toxic levels. CONCLUSION The no-observed adverse effect level of F. deltoidea in rats was determined to be 2500 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Farsi
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Pulau Penang/Malaysia.
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Haque RA, Iqbal MA, Budagumpi S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AMS, Hasanudin N. Binuclearmeta-xylyl-linked Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes ofN-alkyl/aryl-alkyl-substituted bis-benzimidazolium salts: synthesis, crystal structures andin vitroanticancer studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800; USM; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800; USM; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800; USM; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800; USM; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Amin M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800; USM; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Noorhafizah Hasanudin
- School of Chemical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800; USM; Penang; Malaysia
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Iqbal MA, Haque RA, Nasri SF, Majid AA, Ahamed MBK, Farsi E, Fatima T. Potential of silver against human colon cancer: (synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of xylyl (Ortho, meta, &Para) linked bis-benzimidazolium salts and Ag(I)-NHC complexes: In vitro anticancer studies). Chem Cent J 2013; 7:27. [PMID: 23391345 PMCID: PMC3637141 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first successful synthesis of Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex in 1993, this class of compounds has been extensively used for transmetallation reactions where the direct synthesis using other metal ions was either difficult or impossible. Initially, silver(I)-NHC complexes were tested for their catalytic potential but could not get fame because of lower potential compare to other competent compounds in this field; however, these compounds proved to have vital antimicrobial activities. These encouraging biomedical applications further convinced researchers to test these compounds against cancer. The current work has been carried out with this aim. RESULTS N-ipropylbenzimidazole was synthesized by reaction of benzimidazole with ipropyl bromide. The subsequent treatment of the resulting N-alkylbenzimidazole with ortho/meta/para-(bromomethylene) benzene afforded corresponding bis-benzimidazolium bromides (5-7). The counter anion (Br-) of each salt was replaced by hexaflourophosphate (PF6-) for the ease of handling and further purification (8-10). Each salt (Ligand), in halide form, was further allowed to react with Ag2O with stirring at room temperature for a period of two days to synthesize dinuclear Ag(I)-NHC complexes (11-13). All synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and microanalysis. Molecular structures of compounds 5, 9 &10 were established through single crystal x-ray diffraction technique. All the compounds were assessed for their anti-proliferation test on human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT 116). Results showed that the ligands (5-10) showed mild to negligible cytotoxicity on HCT 116 cells whereas respective silver complexes (11-13) exhibited dose dependent cytotoxicity towards the colon cancer cells with IC50 ranges between 9.7 to 44.5 μM. Interestingly, the complex 13 having para-xylyl spacer was found the most active (IC50 9.7 μM) that verifies our previously reported results. CONCLUSIONS All the bis-benzimidazolium salts (8-10) were found inactive whereas after bonding with silver cations, the Ag(I)-NHC complexes (11-13) showed a dose dependent cytotoxic activity. This proved that silver practice an important role in death of cancer cells. Also, the N-alkyl/aryl substitutions and ortho/metal/para xylyl units regulate the cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
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Iqbal MA, Haque RA, Budagumpi S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AM. Short metal–metal separations and in vitro anticancer studies of a new dinuclear silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex of para-xylyl-linked bis-benzimidazolium salt. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Farag AM, Guan TS, Osman H, Majid AMSA, Iqbal MA, Ahamed MBK. Synthesis of metal(II) [M = Cu, Mn, Zn] Schiff base complexes and their Pro-apoptotic activity in liver tumor cells via caspase activation. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Haque RA, Ghdhayeb MZ, Budagumpi S, Salman AW, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMSA. Non-symmetrically substituted N-heterocyclic carbene–Ag(I) complexes of benzimidazol-2-ylidenes: Synthesis, crystal structures, anticancer activity and transmetallation studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Iqbal MA, Haque RA, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMSA, Al-Rawi SS. Synthesis and anticancer activity of para-xylyl linked bis-benzimidazolium salts and respective Ag(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Haque RA, Ghdhayeb MZ, Salman AW, Budagumpi S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AM. Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of N-allyl substituted imidazol-2-ylidenes with ortho-, meta- and para-xylyl spacers: Synthesis, crystal structures and in vitro anticancer studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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