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Krämer F. Aluminum in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405207. [PMID: 38826040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This review article describes the development of the use of aluminum compounds in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) over the last 14 years. It also discusses the synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications of intermolecular, intramolecular and so-called hidden FLPs with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon Lewis bases. The intrinsically higher acidity of aluminum compounds compared to their boron analogs opens up different reaction pathways. The results are presented in a more or less chronological order. It is shown that Al FLPs react with a variety of polar and non-polar substrates and form both stable adducts and reversibly activate bonds. Consequently, some catalytic applications of the title compounds were presented such as dimerization of alkynes, hydrogenation of tert-butyl ethylene and imines, C-F bond activation, reduction of CO2, dehydrogenation of amine borane and transfer of ammonia. In addition, various Al FLPs were used as initiators in polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- C1 Green Chemicals AG, Am Studio 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Guo Y, Lian X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen C, Lan X, Shao Y. Systematic Assessment of the Catalytic Reactivity of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in C-H Bond Activation. Molecules 2023; 29:24. [PMID: 38202607 PMCID: PMC10780200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unreactive C-H bond activation is a new horizon for frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. This study provides a systematic assessment of the catalytic reactivity of recently reported intra-molecular FLPs on the activation of typical inert C-H bonds, including 1-methylpyrrole, methane, benzyl, propylene, and benzene, in terms of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reactivity of FLPs is evaluated according to the calculated reaction thermodynamic and energy barriers of C-H bond activation processes in the framework of concerted C-H activation mechanisms. As for 1-methylpyrrole, 14 types of N-B-based and 15 types of P-B-based FLPs are proposed to be active. Although none of the evaluated FLPs are able to catalyze the C-H activation of methane, benzyl, or propylene, four types of N-B-based FLPs are suggested to be capable of catalyzing the activation of benzene. Moreover, the influence of the strength of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB), and the differences between the influences of LA and LB on the catalytic reactivity of FLPs, are also discussed briefly. This systematic assessment of the catalytic activity of FLPs should provide valuable guidelines to aid the development of efficient FLP-based metal-free catalysts for C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xueqi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xueling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Changzhong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Youxiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
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Wickemeyer L, Hartmann L, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Differences in the Reactivity of Geminal Si-O-P and Al-O-P Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202842. [PMID: 36349870 PMCID: PMC10107522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The new oxygen-bridged geminal Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) is able to reversibly bind carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. We compared its reactivity towards benzil, but-3-en-2-one, nitriles and phenylacetylene to that of the Al/P FLP tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=-CH(SiMe3 )2 ) (1). When reacted with benzil, both, 1 and 2, form the 1,2-addition product, but in the Si/P FLP 2, the second carbonyl function additionally binds to the silicon atom. With but-3-en-2-one 2 forms the 1,2-addition product, while 1 binds in 1,4-position. The reaction with acetonitrile yielded an unexpected etheneimine adduct for both systems, while only 1 reacted with tert-butylnitrile. With benzonitrile and acrylonitrile, 2 showed reversible addition to the C≡N bond and 1 forms a stable adduct with benzonitrile. Solely 1 shows reactivity towards phenylacetylene affording a mixture of the CH deprotonation adduct tBu2 P(H)-O-AlBis2 (CCPh) and the FLP -C≡C 1,2-addition adduct under ring formation. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, XRD and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Lukas Hartmann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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4
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Wickemeyer L, Trapp PC, Aders N, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Reactivity of Oxygen-Bridged Geminal Al/P and Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pairs towards Heterocumulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203685. [PMID: 36734185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The two oxygen-bridged geminal frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=CH(SiMe3 )2 ; 1) and tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) were reacted with the heterocumulenes PhNCO, PhOCN, PhNCS, CS2 and PhNSO as well as SO2 . With isocyanate and cyanate, both 1 and 2, form addition products under formation of five-membered rings. With CS2 , isothiocyanate and sulfinylaniline, only 1 forms stable adducts, whereas 2 shows reactivity towards sulfinylaniline, but the product decomposed after a few minutes. The reaction of 1 with SO2 led to partial cleavage of the P-O-Al and Al-C units, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies of a complex aggregate. The reaction of 2 with SO2 affords the 1,2-addition product. All adducts were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and CHN analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pia C Trapp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Aders
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Yang MC, Zhang ZF, Su MD. Understanding the Reactivity of Combination Reactions of Intramolecular Geminal Group 13 Element/Phosphorus and Gallium/Group 15 Element Frustrated Lewis Pairs with CS 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12959-12976. [PMID: 35930703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of CS2 captured by intramolecular geminal G13/P-based (G13 = group 13 elements) and Ga/G15-based (G15 = group 15 elements) frustrated Lewis pairs have been theoretically examined by using density functional theory (DFT) computations. With regard to the nine FLP-related compounds, our DFT calculated results reveal that only Al/P-Rea and Ga/P-Rea can kinetically and thermodynamically precede the energetically feasible combination reactions with CS2 to form the five-membered heterocyclic adducts. Our activation strain model analyses on the nine aforementioned model molecules indicate that the atomic radius of the Lewis acceptor (G13) and the Lewis donor (G15) plays a role in controlling their barrier heights to obtain good orbital overlaps among G13/P-Rea, Ga/G15-Rea, and CS2. Our theoretical observations based on the energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) approach strongly indicate that the donor-acceptor bonding (i.e., singlet-singlet bonding) rather than the electron-sharing bonding (i.e., triplet-triplet bonding) plays a central role in determining the bonding conditions of the transition states, G13/P-TS and Ga/G15-TS. In addition, the theoretical evidence obtained by the frontier molecular orbital theory and EDA-NOCV analyses reveals that the best description for the bonding natures of the combination reactions of intramolecular geminal G13/P-Rea and Ga/G15-Rea with CS2 is the lone pair(G15) → p-π*(C) interaction rather than the p-π*(G13) ← p-π(S) interaction. Moreover, our present DFT computations concerning the calculated structures and corresponding relative energetics of the stationary points connected with the aforementioned sophisticated approaches are in accordance with the Hammond postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Federmann P, Müller R, Beckmann F, Lau C, Cula B, Kaupp M, Limberg C. Synthesis of Intramolecular P/Al‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs via Aluminum‐Tin‐Exchange and their Reactivity toward CO
2. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200404. [PMID: 35213074 PMCID: PMC9314872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) composed of acidic alane and basic phosphane functions, separated by a xanthene linker, can be prepared through the corresponding Me3Sn derivative and methyl aluminum compounds with elimination of Me4Sn. This way MeClAl‐, Cl2Al‐ and (C6F5)2Al‐ moieties could be introduced and the resulting FLPs are stabilized by a further equivalent of the alane precursors. In contact with the FLPs CO2 is bound via the C atom at the phosphane functions and the two O atoms at the Al centers. The residues at the latter determine the binding strength. Hence, in case of MeClAl CO2 capture occurs at higher pressure and under ambient conditions CO2 is released again, while for Cl2Al and (C6F5)2Al CO2 binding becomes irreversible. The results of DFT calculations rationalize these findings by the high thermodynamic stabilization in case of more electronegative residues, which concomitantly lead to higher barriers, and in case of (C6F5)2Al further stabilization is achieved through a low reorganization energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Federmann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Fabian Beckmann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Caroline Lau
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
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7
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Wickemeyer L, Aders N, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I, Mitzel NW. Carbon Dioxide Reduction by an Al–O–P Frustrated Lewis Pair. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8088-8094. [PMID: 35919415 PMCID: PMC9278507 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of tBu2P(O)H with Bis2AlH (Bis = CH(SiMe3)2) afforded the adduct tBu2P(H)–O–Al(H)Bis2 (3). It slowly releases H2 to form the first oxygen-bridged geminal Al/P frustrated Lewis pair tBu2P–O–AlBis2. It is capable of reversibly binding molecular hydrogen to afford 3, shown by NMR and H/D scrambling experiments, and forms a 1,2-adduct with CO2. Importantly, the H2 adduct 3 reduces CO2 in a stoichiometric reaction leading to the formic acid adduct tBu2P(H)–O–Al(CO2H)Bis2. The formation of the different species was explored by density functional theory calculations which provide support for the experimental results. All products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction experiments and elemental analyses. Addition vs. reduction: the geminal FLP Bis2Al–O–PtBu2 can reversibly bind molecular hydrogen, it reacts with CO2 to give an adduct, and its hydrogen adduct reduces CO2 to an adduct of formic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Niklas Aders
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Jorge J Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Wübker A, Koppe J, Bradtmüller H, Keweloh L, Pleschka D, Uhl W, Hansen MR, Eckert H. Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques for the Structural Characterization of Geminal Alane-Phosphane Frustrated Lewis Pairs and Secondary Adducts. Chemistry 2021; 27:13249-13257. [PMID: 34270155 PMCID: PMC8518393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The first comprehensive solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of geminal alane-phosphane frustrated Lewis pairs (Al/P FLPs) is reported. Their relevant NMR parameters (isotropic chemical shifts, direct and indirect 27 Al-31 P spin-spin coupling constants, and 27 Al nuclear electric quadrupole coupling tensor components) have been determined by numerical analysis of the experimental NMR line shapes and compared with values computed from the known crystal structures by using density functional theory (DFT) methods. Our work demonstrates that the 31 P NMR chemical shifts for the studied Al/P FLPs are very sensitive to slight structural inequivalences. The 27 Al NMR central transition signals are spread out over a broad frequency range (>200 kHz), owing to the presence of strong nuclear electric quadrupolar interactions that can be well-reproduced by the static 27 Al wideband uniform rate smooth truncation (WURST) Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (WCPMG) NMR experiment. 27 Al chemical shifts and quadrupole tensor components offer a facile and clear distinction between three- and four-coordinate aluminum environments. For measuring internuclear Al⋅⋅⋅P distances a new resonance-echo saturation-pulse double-resonance (RESPDOR) experiment was developed by using efficient saturation via frequency-swept WURST pulses. The successful implementation of this widely applicable technique indicates that internuclear Al⋅⋅⋅P distances in these compounds can be measured within a precision of ±0.1 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Lena Wübker
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Jonas Koppe
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Henrik Bradtmüller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- Department of Materials EngineeringVitreous Materials LaboratoryFederal University of São CarlosCP 67613565-905São CarlosSPBrazil
| | - Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie WWU MünsterCorrensstraße 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- Instituto de Física de São CarlosUniversidade de São PauloSão CarlosSP13566-590Brazil
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10
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Elsen H, Langer J, Pahl J, Wiesinger M, Harder S. Cationic Aluminium Complexes as Catalysts for Imine Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2021; 27:7756-7763. [PMID: 33780071 PMCID: PMC8252007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strongly Lewis acidic cationic aluminium complexes, stabilized by β–diketiminate (BDI) ligands and free of Lewis bases, have been prepared as their B(C6F5)4− salts and were investigated for catalytic activity in imine hydrogenation. The backbone (R1) and N (R2) substituents on the R1,R2BDI ligand (R1,R2BDI=HC[C(R1)N(R2)]2) influence sterics and Lewis acidity. Ligand bulk increases along the row Me,DIPPBDI<Me,DIPePBDI≈tBu,DIPPBDI<tBu,DIPePBDI; DIPP=2,6‐C(H)Me2‐phenyl, DIPeP=2,6‐C(H)Et2‐phenyl. The Gutmann‐Beckett test showed acceptor numbers of: (tBu,DIPPBDI)AlMe+ 85.6, (tBu,DIPePBDI)AlMe+ 85.9, (Me,DIPPBDI)AlMe+ 89.7, (Me,DIPePBDI)AlMe+ 90.8, (Me,DIPPBDI)AlH+ 95.3. Steric and electronic factors need to be balanced for catalytic activity in imine hydrogenation. Open, highly Lewis acidic, cations strongly coordinate imine rendering it inactive as a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP). The bulkiest cations do not coordinate imine but its combination is also not an active catalyst. The cation (tBu,DIPPBDI)AlMe+ shows the best catalytic activity for various imines and is also an active catalyst for the Tishchenko reaction of benzaldehyde to benzylbenzoate. DFT calculations on the mechanism of imine hydrogenation catalysed by cationic Al complexes reveal two interconnected catalytic cycles operating in concert. Hydrogen is activated either by FLP reactivity of an Al⋅⋅⋅imine couple or, after formation of significant quantities of amine, by reaction with an Al⋅⋅⋅amine couple. The latter autocatalytic Al⋅⋅⋅amine cycle is energetically favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Cabrera‐Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Understanding the C−F Bond Activation Mediated by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Crucial Role of Non‐covalent Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:3823-3831. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera‐Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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12
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Tendyck JC, Hepp A, Würthwein E, Uhl W. New Reactivity Patterns in 3H‐Phosphaallene Chemistry [Aryl‐P=C=C(H)‐
t
Bu]: Hydroboration of the C=C Bond, Deprotonation and Trimerisation. Chemistry 2020; 26:15977-15988. [PMID: 32618025 PMCID: PMC7756809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
3H‐Phosphaallenes, R−P=C=C(H)C−R’ (3), are accessible in a multigram scale on a new and facile route and show a fascinating chemical reactivity. BH3(SMe2) and 3 a (R=Mes*, R’=tBu) afforded by hydroboration of the C=C bonds of two phosphaallene molecules an unprecedented borane (7) with the B atom bound to two P=C double bonds. This compound represents a new FLP based on a B and two P atoms. The increased Lewis acidity of the B atom led to a different reaction course upon treatment of 3 a with H2B‐C6F5(SMe2). Hydroboration of a C=C bond of a first phosphaallene is followed in a typical FLP reaction by the coordination of a second phosphaallene molecule via B−C and P−B bond formation to yield a BP2C2 heterocycle (8). Its B−P bond is short and the B‐bound P atom has a planar surrounding. Treatment of 3 a with tBuLi resulted in deprotonation of the β‐C atom of the phosphaallene (9). The Li atom is bound to the P atom as demonstrated by crystal structure determination, quantum chemical calculations and reactions with HCl, Cl‐SiMe3 or Cl‐PtBu2. The thermally unstable phosphaallene Ph−P=C=C(H)‐tBu gave a unique trimeric secondary product by P−P, P−C and C−C bond formation. It contains a P2C4 heterocycle and was isolated as a W(CO)4 complex with two P atoms coordinated to W (15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Tendyck
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
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13
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Uebing M, Hepp A, Uhl W. MCl 2 Molecules (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) Coordinated by Trifunctional E/P 2-Based FLPs (E = Ga, In): Chelating Coordination of the Metal Atoms and Activation of M–Cl Bonds by E–Cl Interactions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marten Uebing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Boudjelel M, Declercq R, Mallet‐Ladeira S, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Synthesis of a C(sp
2
)‐bridged Phosphine‐Borane by Ionic Coupling. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boudjelel
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS / Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Richard Declercq
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS / Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Sonia Mallet‐Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS / Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS / Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
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15
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Yanagisawa T, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N. Additive-Free Conversion of Internal Alkynes by Phosphanylalumanes: Production of Phosphorus/Aluminum Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chempluschem 2020; 85:933-942. [PMID: 32401435 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Internal and terminal alkynes react with phosphanylalumanes, i. e., P-Al single-bond species, through heating but without any additional additives. The reactions with internal alkynes afforded the corresponding adducts with cis-1,2-form in moderate yields (54-80 %). In addition, alkyne adducts thus obtained function as P/Al-based C2 -vicinal FLPs, and the FLP addition reactions with benzaldehyde and CO2 were demonstrated. Furthermore, in the reaction of 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-substituted alkyne adducts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, an unexpected CAr -CMe bond cleavage characteristic of this system was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yanagisawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Li J, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Using the Secondary PH/BH Functional Groups of an Active Geminal Frustrated Lewis Pair for Carbon Monoxide Reduction and Reactions with Nitriles and Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12477-12483. [PMID: 31994804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the secondary alkynyl(Mes*)PH phosphane 2 with (Fmes)BH2 ⋅SMe2 gives the geminal PH/BH frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) 3. The PH and the BH functions are jointly used in the reduction of carbon monoxide under mild reaction conditions to give the [P]-CH2 -O-[B] product. A subsequent cycloaddition sequence results in the liberation of formaldehyde. The FLP 3 reacts with benzonitrile to give a P-benzamidine, and it couples two isonitriles at the FLP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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17
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Li J, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Using the Secondary PH/BH Functional Groups of an Active Geminal Frustrated Lewis Pair for Carbon Monoxide Reduction and Reactions with Nitriles and Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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18
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Weinhart MAK, Lisovenko AS, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Nur durch eine Lewis‐Base stabilisierte Phosphanylalane und ‐gallane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna S. Lisovenko
- Institut für Chemie Staatliche Universität St. Petersburg Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russland
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institut für Chemie Staatliche Universität St. Petersburg Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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19
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Weinhart MAK, Lisovenko AS, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Phosphanylalanes and Phosphanylgallanes Stabilized only by a Lewis Base. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5541-5545. [PMID: 31815355 PMCID: PMC7155101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the first parent phosphanylalane and phosphanylgallane stabilized only by a Lewis base (LB) are reported. The corresponding substituted compounds, such as IDipp⋅GaH2 PCy2 (1) (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene) were obtained by the reaction of LiPCy2 with IDipp⋅GaH2 Cl. However, the LB-stabilized parent compounds IDipp⋅GaH2 PH2 (3) and IDipp⋅AlH2 PH2 (4) were prepared via a salt metathesis of LiPH2 ⋅DME with IDipp⋅E'H2 Cl (E'=Ga, Al) or by H2 -elimination reactions of IDipp⋅E'H3 (E'=Ga, Al) and PH3 , respectively. The compounds could be isolated as crystalline solids and completely characterized. Supporting DFT computations gave insight into the reaction pathways as well as into the stability of these compounds with respect to their decomposition behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna S. Lisovenko
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskaya emb. 7/9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskaya emb. 7/9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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20
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LaFortune JHW, Trofimova A, Cummings H, Westcott SA, Stephan DW. Phosphinoboration of Diazobenzene: Intramolecular FLP Synthon for PN
2
B‐Derived Heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:12521-12525. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H. W. LaFortune
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Alina Trofimova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Haley Cummings
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMount Alison University Sackville New Brunswick E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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21
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Pleschka D, Uebing M, Lange M, Hepp A, Wübker AL, Hansen MR, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. Al/P- and Ga/P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs and Electronically Unsaturated Substrates: Ring Cleavage and Ring Closure, C-C and C-N Bond Formation. Chemistry 2019; 25:9315-9325. [PMID: 31081975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Al/P- and Ga/P-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) reacted with an azirine under mild conditions under cleavage of the heterocycle on two different positions. Opening of the C-C bond yielded an unusual nitrile-ylide adduct in which a C-N moiety coordinated to the FLP backbone. Cleavage of a C-N bond afforded the thermodynamically favored enamine adduct with the N atom bound to P and Al or Ga atoms. Ring closure was observed upon treatment of an Al/P FLP with electronically unsaturated substrates (4-(1-cyclohexenyl)-1-aza-but-1-en-3-ynes) and yielded by C-N bond formation hexahydroquinoline derivatives, which coordinated to the FLP through P-C and Al-C bonds. Diphenylcyclopropenone showed a diverse reactivity, which depending on steric shielding and the polarizing effect of Al or Ga atoms afforded different products. An AltBu2 /P FLP yielded an adduct with the C=O group coordinated to P and Al. The dineopentyl derivative gave an equilibrium mixture consisting of a similar product and a simple adduct with O bound to Al and a three-coordinate P atom. Both compounds co-crystallize. The Ga/P FLP only formed the simple adduct with the same substrate. Rearrangement resulted in all cases in C3 -ring cleavage and migration of a mesityl group from P to a former ring C atom by C-C bond formation. Diphenylthiocyclopropenone (evidence for the presence of P=C bonds) and an imine derivative afforded similar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marten Uebing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Merten Lange
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Wübker
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory, and Computation (CMTC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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22
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Aders N, Keweloh L, Pleschka D, Hepp A, Layh M, Rogel F, Uhl W. P–H Functionalized Al/P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Dipolar Activation and Hydrophosphination: Reactions with CO2 and SO2. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Aders
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Rogel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Jaladi AK, Kim H, Lee JH, Shin WK, Hwang H, An DK. Lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (LDBBA) catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes and imines with pinacolborane. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03931g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (LDBBA) catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes and imines with pinacolborane (HBpin) was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jaladi
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbi Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyu Shin
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Keun An
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
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24
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Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Aromaticity can enhance the reactivity of P-donor/borole frustrated Lewis pairs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:675-678. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we introduce a novel concept in FLP chemistry: aromaticity as the key factor enhancing the reactivity of FLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
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25
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Jaladi AK, Shin WK, An DK. Alkene hydroboration with pinacolborane catalysed by lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26483-26486. [PMID: 35530999 PMCID: PMC9070384 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we developed a highly efficient alkene hydroboration protocol, showing that various alkyl boronates can be smoothly obtained in good yields by reacting alkenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of 5 mol% lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride. The coordination of aluminate ions with lithium cations allowed for effective hydride transfer during hydroboration, and the obtained boronate ester was further used for C–C coupling, trifluoroboronate salt formation, and oxidation to alcohol. Here we developed a highly efficient alkene hydroboration protocol, showing that various alkyl boronates can be smoothly obtained in good yields by reacting alkenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of 5 mol% lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jaladi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Chunchon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyu Shin
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Chunchon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Keun An
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Chunchon 24341
- Republic of Korea
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26
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Uhl W, Lange M, Hepp A, Layh M. Supramolecular Chemistry Based on Frustrated Lewis Pairs - Reactions of an Al/P FLP with Potassium Formate and Cesium Fluoride. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Merten Lange
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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27
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Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Influence of the Lewis Acid/Base Pairs on the Reactivity of Geminal E-CH2
-E′ Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2018; 24:17823-17831. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and; Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and; Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040- Madrid Spain
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28
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Lange M, Tendyck JC, Wegener P, Hepp A, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. Reactions of an Aluminium/Phosphorus Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: FLPs as Efficient Two-Electron Reductants with the Formation of Enolates, a cis-Enediolate, and an Allene. Chemistry 2018; 24:12856-12868. [PMID: 29337388 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2 P-C(AltBu)2 =C(H)Ph (1; Mes=mesityl) reacted as an efficient two-electron reductant with benzil to afford a cis-enediolate that was coordinated to the FLP through P-O and Al-O bonds and the formation of a seven-membered heterocycle (2). The phosphorus atom is oxidised from +III to +V. Similar heterocycles (3 a to 3 f) were formed if 1 was treated with various enones (acrolein, acrylate, acrylamide). The resulting enolates are bound to the FLP through P-C and Al-O bonds. Cyclopropenone gave an adduct (4) with the C=O bond coordinated by P and Al. Ynones gave a fascinating variety of different structures. 1,3-Diphenylprop-2-yn-1-one afforded a remarkable allene-type moiety with two cumulated C=C bonds (5); 3-hexyn-2-one yielded a ligand with two conjugated C=C bonds by C-H bond activation at the carbonyl methyl group (7); and 4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-one reacted by C-H bond cleavage, formation of an enolate group with a terminal C=C bond, and shift of the proton to the P atom (8). The C≡C bond was not affected. Allene compound 5 rearranged at elevated temperature and in daylight through the formation of a tricyclic compound by C-H bond activation and C-C bond formation. DFT calculations on this unusual rearrangement suggest insertion of the central allene C atom into the C-H bond of a methyl group and the intermediate formation of a C3 ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merten Lange
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas C Tendyck
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Wegener
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-chemisches Institut and Center for, Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Keweloh L, Aders N, Hepp A, Pleschka D, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. A P-H functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair - hydrophosphination of nitriles, ring opening with cyclopropenones and evidence of P[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond formation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8402-8417. [PMID: 29893387 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroalumination of R-P(H)-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-tBu with bulky H-Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2 afforded the new P-H functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair R-P(H)-C[[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)-tBu]-AlR2 [R = CH(SiMe3)2; FLP 7]. A weak adduct of 7 with benzonitrile (8) was detected by NMR spectroscopy, but could not be isolated. tert-Butyl isocyanide afforded a similar, but isolable adduct (9), in which the isocyanide C atom was coordinated to aluminium. The unique reactivity of 7 became evident from its reactions with the heteroatom substituted nitriles PhO-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N, PhCH2S-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and H8C4N-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N. Hydrophosphination of the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N triple bonds afforded imines at room temperature which were coordinated to the FLP by Al-N and P-C bonds to yield AlCPCN heterocycles (10 to 12). These processes depend on substrate activation by the FLP. Diphenylcyclopropenone and its sulphur derivative reacted with 7 by addition of the P-H bond to a C-C bond of the strained C3 ring and ring opening to afford the fragment (Z)-Ph-C(H)[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Ph)-C-X-Al (X = O, S). The C-O or C-S groups were coordinated to the FLP to yield AlCPCX heterocycles (13 and 14). The thiocarbonyl derived compound 14 contains an internally stabilized phosphenium cation with a localized P[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond, a trigonal planar coordinated P atom and a short P[double bond, length as m-dash]C distance (168.9 pm). Insight into formation mechanisms, the structural and energetic properties of FLP 7 and compounds 13 and 14 was gained by quantum chemical DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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30
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Fan L, Jupp AR, Stephan DW. Remote Stereochemistry of a Frustrated Lewis Pair Provides Thermal and Photochemical Control of Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8119-8123. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louie Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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31
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Jian Z, Kehr G, Daniliuc CG, Wibbeling B, Erker G. A hydroboration route to geminal P/B frustrated Lewis pairs with a bulky secondary phosphane component and their reaction with carbon dioxide. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:11715-11721. [PMID: 28828440 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The secondary aryl-P(H) phosphanyl substituted tert-butylacetylenes 7a,b (aryl: Mes or Mes*) undergo hydroboration with [HB(C6F5)2] to give the geminal vinylidene-bridged P/B Lewis pairs 8a,b. The treatment of 8a,b with benzonitrile, N-sulfinylaniline, and phenyl isothiocyanate, respectively, gives the addition products 12a,b, 13a,b, and 14 with proton transfer from the phosphorus to the more basic nitrogen site. The reaction of the FLPs 8a,b with carbon dioxide yields a doubly boron bonded addition product. The reaction of 8b with a conjugated ynone formally proceeded by trans-1,2-hydrophosphination of the alkyne at the geminal FLP framework to give the seven-membered heterocycle 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Jian
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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32
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LaFortune JHW, Szkop KM, Farinha FE, Johnstone TC, Postle S, Stephan DW. Probing steric influences on electrophilic phosphonium cations: a comparison of [(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3PF]+ and [(C6F5)3PF]+. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11411-11419. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic phosphonium cation (EPC) salt [(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3PF][B(C6F5)4] (2) can display catalytic activity greater than its thermodynamic acidity would suggest. The role of steric factors is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M. Szkop
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Farah E. Farinha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Shawn Postle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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33
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Uhl W, Keweloh L, Hepp A, Stegemann F, Layh M, Bergander K. Reactivity of a P-H Functionalized Al/P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pair - Hydrophosphination versus Classic Adduct Formation. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Stegemann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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34
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Uhl W, Backs J, Hepp A, Keweloh L, Layh M, Pleschka D, Possart J, Wollschläger A. Reactions of Al/P, Ga/P and P–H functionalized frustrated Lewis pairs with azides and a diazomethane – formation of adducts and capture of nitrenes. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Al- and Ga-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) Mes2P–C(MR2)=CH-R′ (1, M=Al, R=
t
Bu; 2, M=Al, R=CH2
t
Bu; 3, M=Ga, R=
t
Bu) and the unique P–H functionalized FLP Mes(H)P–CH(AlR2)=C(H)-
t
Bu [4, R=CH(SiMe3)2] were treated with a variety of azides R′-N=N=N [R′=
t
Bu, SiMe3, Ph, CH2Ph, C6H4(4-Cl), C6H4(4-CF3), C6H4(4-Me), CH2C6H4(4-Cl), CH2C6H4(4-
t
Bu), C6H4(2-CH=CHPh)] in order to study systematically the influence of the substituents at nitrogen, phosphorus and the metal atoms on the reaction courses and the thermal stability of the products. Azide adducts (5–8) were isolated in which the terminal nitrogen atoms of the azides (Nγ
γ) were bound to the phosphorus and the respective metal atoms resulting in four-membered PCMN heterocycles as the sole structural motif despite the wide range of substituents and the variation in the metal atoms of the FLPs. Thermal activation of selected azide adducts led to the elimination of N2 and the formation of the nitrene adducts 9–11 in which formally a transient, highly reactive nitrene N–R with an electron sextet nitrogen atom is trapped by the FLPs. For the first time FLPs were treated with a diazomethane, Me3Si–C(H)=N=N. Reactions with 1 and 2 afforded the adducts [Mes2P–C(AlR2)=CH-Ph](μ-N2CH–SiMe3) 12 (R=
t
Bu, CH2
t
Bu) which had structures and spectroscopic properties similar to those of the corresponding azides. These compounds are thermally stable and do not eliminate dinitrogen upon warming or irradiation. Protonation of 12a with HCl in Et2O resulted in cleavage of the Al–N bond and formation of the zwitterionic phosphonium salt Mes2P[NH–N=C(H)–SiMe3]–C(AlCl
t
Bu2)=C(H)-Ph 13 with an intramolecular N–H···Cl hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Jana Backs
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Josephine Possart
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Agnes Wollschläger
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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35
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Pleschka D, Layh M, Rogel F, Uhl W. Structure and reactivity of an Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair bearing relatively small substituents at aluminium. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2017.0011. [PMID: 28739968 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of Mes2P─C≡C─Ph (Mes = mesityl) with dineopentylaluminium hydride afforded by hydroalumination a geminal Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP; 4). Its steric shielding is relatively low, and its reactivity in various secondary reactions is less hindered by steric repulsion than observed for related compounds having bulkier groups attached to aluminium. FLP 4 yielded adducts with Me3C─NCO or benzaldehyde via the formation of Al-O and P-C bonds. Trimethylsilyl azide reacted with 4 under surprisingly mild conditions to afford a nitrene complex by spontaneous N2 elimination below room temperature. A carbodiimide molecule was coordinated via one of the C=N bonds to form a five-membered AlCPNC heterocycle with an intact C=N bond in an exocyclic position. A very large molecule was obtained by the reaction of two equivalents of 4 with a bifunctional methylene-bridged phenylene isocyanate precursor.This article is part of the themed issue 'Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Rogel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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36
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Xu M, Possart J, Waked AE, Roy J, Uhl W, Stephan DW. Halogenated triphenylgallium and -indium in frustrated Lewis pair activations and hydrogenation catalysis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2017.0014. [PMID: 28739969 PMCID: PMC5540843 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis acids Ga(C6F5)3, In(C6F5)3 and Ga(C6Cl5)3 are prepared and their Lewis acidity has been probed experimentally and computationally. The species Ga(C6F5)3 and In(C6F5)3 in conjunction with phosphine donors are shown to heterolytically split H2 and catalyse the hydrogenation of an imine. In addition, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) derived from Ga(C6F5)3 and In(C6F5)3 and phosphines react with diphenyldisulfide to phosphoniumgallates or indates of the form [tBu3PSPh][PhSE(C6F5)3] and [tBu3PSPh][(μ-SPh)(E(C6F5)3)2] (E = Ga, In). The potential of the FLPs based on Ga(C6F5)3, In(C6F5)3 and Ga(C6Cl5)3 and phosphines is also shown in reactions with phenylacetylene to give pure or mixtures of the products [tBu3PH][PhCCE(C6X5)3] and R3P(Ph)C=C(H)E(C6X5)3 A number of these species are crystallographically characterized. The implications for the use of these species in FLP chemistry are considered.This article is part of the themed issue 'Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3H6
| | - Josephine Possart
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander E Waked
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3H6
| | - Julie Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3H6
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3H6
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37
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Trans-Metal-Trapping Meets Frustrated-Lewis-Pair Chemistry: Ga(CH 2SiMe 3) 3-Induced C-H Functionalizations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8615-8626. [PMID: 28485929 PMCID: PMC5549243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Merging two topical themes in main-group chemistry, namely, cooperative bimetallics and frustrated-Lewis-pair (FLP) activity, this Forum Article focuses on the cooperativity-induced outcomes observed when the tris(alkyl)gallium compound GaR3 (R = CH2SiMe3) is paired with the lithium amide LiTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) or the sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-bis(tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (ItBu). When some previously published work are drawn together with new results, unique tandem reactivities are presented that are driven by the steric mismatch between the individual reagents of these multicomponent reagents. Thus, the LiTMP/GaR3 combination, which on its own fails to form a cocomplex, functions as a highly regioselective base (LiTMP)/trap (GaR3) partnership for the metalation of N-heterocycles such as diazines, 1,3-benzoazoles, and 2-picolines in a trans-metal-trapping (TMT) process that stabilizes the emerging sensitive carbanions. Taking advantage of related steric incompatibility, a novel monometallic FLP system pairing GaR3 with ItBu has been developed for the activation of carbonyl compounds (via C═O insertion) and other molecules with acidic hydrogen atoms such as phenol and phenylacetylene. Shedding new light on how these non-cocomplexing partnerships operate and showcasing the potential of gallium reagents to engage in metalation reactions or FLP activations, areas where the use of this group 13 metal is scant, this Forum Article aims to stimulate more interest and activity toward the advancement of organogallium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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38
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Ding S, Li J, Liu R, Fu G, Zhu H, Liu W, Ye Q. N-Geminal P/Al Lewis Pair-Alkyne Dipolar Cycloaddition to the Zwitterionic C 2PNAl-Heterocyclopentene. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2405-2414. [PMID: 31457589 PMCID: PMC6682165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The N-geminal P/Al Lewis pair [Ph2PN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)AlEt2]2 (1) has been prepared and studied for reaction with a series of alkynes. The reaction of 1 with RC≡CR yielded zwitterionic C2PNAl-heterocyclopentene [Ph2 ⌜PN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)AlEt2](CR=⌝CR) (R = Me (2), Ph (3)); with PhC≡CEt produced two isomers, [Ph2 ⌜PN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)AlEt2](CPh=⌝CEt) (4a) and [Ph2 ⌜PN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)AlEt2](CEt=⌝CPh) (4b); and with other alkynes generated [Ph2 ⌜PN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)AlEt2](CR1=⌝CR2) (R1, R2 = CO2Et, Ph (5); SiMe3, Ph (6); PPh2, Ph (7); SiMe3,H (8); H, EtO (9)). Natural bond orbital analysis of the charge separation of the C≡C bond of alkynes was carried out, and then, the electronic matching interaction mode between the combined Lewis acid (AlEt2) and base (PPh2) groups of 1 and the C≡C bond of such alkynes was discussed. Reactions of 1 with alkene, nitrile, and carbodiimide molecules were also carried out, and cycloaddition compounds 10-12 were produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gang Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering
Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Platinum Group Metals, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- State
Key Laboratory for Platinum Group Metals, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, China
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39
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Zijlstra HS, Pahl J, Penafiel J, Harder S. "Masked" Lewis-acidity of an aluminum α-phosphinoamide complex. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3601-3610. [PMID: 28243643 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Ph2P(DIPP)NH with AlMe3 cleanly gives an aluminum amide complex that crystallizes as a centrosymmetric dimer with a six-membered Al-N-P-Al-N-P ring. In aromatic solvents the dimer remains intact but the Al-P bond is readily broken upon addition of THF to form Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2·THF. Efforts to use [Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2]2 as a "masked" Lewis acidic activator for olefin polymerization catalysts were unsuccessful but the complex showed a Frustrated Lewis pair reactivity instead. The P/Al complex reacts with isocyanates to give the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O inserted product that crystallizes as a five-membered ring system Al-O-C(NR)-P-N. The reaction of [Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2]2 with CO2, however, gave an insertion in the N-Al bond and the dimeric product [Ph2P(DIPP)NCO2AlMe2]2 was isolated. The dimer [Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2]2 is one of the few Al/P FLPs that can activate C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds irreversibly. A reaction with allyl methyl sulfide and 1-hexene led to the clean formation of the structurally similar activated alkene products [(DIPP)N-Ph2P-CH(CH2SMe)CH2]AlMe2 and [(DIPP)N-Ph2P-CH(C4H9)CH2]AlMe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmen S Zijlstra
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands and Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johanne Penafiel
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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40
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Uhl W, Willeke M, Hepp A, Pleschka D, Layh M. A Dimeric Gallium Hydrazide as an Active Lewis Pair - Complexation and Activation of Me2GaH and Various Heterocumulenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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41
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Zhao J, Liu X, Chen Z. Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts in Two Dimensions: B/Al-Doped Phosphorenes as Promising Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Small Unsaturated Molecules. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry
of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
| | - Xinying Liu
- Material
and Process Synthesis, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
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42
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Uzelac M, Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Understanding the Subtleties of Frustrated Lewis Pair Activation of Carbonyl Compounds by N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Alkyl Gallium Pairings. Chemistry 2016; 22:15826-15833. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - David R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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43
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Uhl W, Wegener P, Layh M, Hepp A, Würthwein EU. Reaction of an Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair with benzophenone: formation of adducts and aluminium alcoholates via β-hydride elimination. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Treatment of the Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2P–C(Al
t
Bu2)=C(H)-Ph (1) with benzophenone afforded the simple 1:1 adduct (4) with a O=CPh2 molecule coordinated to the aluminum atom by an Al←O donor-acceptor bond. Steric repulsion may prevent an interaction between the electrophilic carbonyl carbon atom and the Lewis-basic phosphorus atom. 4 is unstable in solution at room temperature, the coordination to aluminium increases the polarisation of the carbonyl group and favours its reduction. As suggested by quantum chemical calculations, a C–H bond of a
t
Bu group approaches the electrophilic center and facilitates β-hydride elimination with the release of isobutene and the formation of an Al–OCHPh2 ligation. An intact O=CPh2 molecule completes the coordination sphere of the metal atom (5). The second
t
Bu group at aluminium reacts similarly by the selective formation of an Al(OCHPh2)2 moiety (6). The thermodynamics of adduct formation and the mechanism of the hydride shift have been evaluated by quantum chemical DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Wegener
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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44
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Nagata K, Murosaki T, Agou T, Sasamori T, Matsuo T, Tokitoh N. Activation of Dihydrogen by Masked Doubly Bonded Aluminum Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12877-80. [PMID: 27529165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of dihydrogen by masked dialumenes (Al=Al doubly bonded species) is reported. Reactions of barrelene-type dialumanes, which have the reactivity as masked equivalents of 1,2-diaryldialumenes ArAl=AlAr, with H2 afforded dihydroalumanes ArAlH2 at room temperature (Ar: bulky aryl groups). These dihydroalumanes form hydrogen-bridged dimers [ArHAl(μ-H)]2 in the crystalline state, while a monomer-dimer equilibrium was suggested in solution. The 1,2-diaryldialumenes generated from the barrelene-type dialumanes are the putative active species in the cleavage of H2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Murosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarisawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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45
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Nagata K, Murosaki T, Agou T, Sasamori T, Matsuo T, Tokitoh N. Activation of Dihydrogen by Masked Doubly Bonded Aluminum Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takahiro Murosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kindai University; 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering; College of Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarisawa, Hitachi Ibaraki 316-8511 Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kindai University; 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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46
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Styra S, Radius M, Moos E, Bihlmeier A, Breher F. Aluminium Diphosphamethanides: Hidden Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2016; 22:9508-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Styra
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Division Molecular Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Division Molecular Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Eric Moos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Division Molecular Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Angela Bihlmeier
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Division Theoretical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Division Molecular Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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47
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Uhl W, Bruchhage JS, Willeke M, Hepp A, Kösters J. Reactivity of a Monomeric Aluminium Hydrazide towards Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates: Active Lewis Pair Behaviour versus Classical Insertion Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Julia Silissa Bruchhage
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
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48
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Devillard M, Declercq R, Nicolas E, Ehlers AW, Backs J, Saffon-Merceron N, Bouhadir G, Slootweg JC, Uhl W, Bourissou D. A Significant but Constrained Geometry Pt→Al Interaction: Fixation of CO2 and CS2, Activation of H2 and PhCONH2. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4917-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Devillard
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de
Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LHFA, UMR
5069, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Richard Declercq
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de
Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LHFA, UMR
5069, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Nicolas
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Backs
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen, Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse
(FR 2599), 118 route de
Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de
Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LHFA, UMR
5069, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen, Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de
Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LHFA, UMR
5069, 31062 Toulouse, France
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49
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Keweloh L, Klöcker MSH, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. Ein P-H-funktionalisiertes Al/P-basiertes frustriertes Lewis-Paar: Substrataktivierung und selektiver Wasserstofftransfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - M Sc. Hans Klöcker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
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50
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Keweloh L, Klöcker H, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. A P−H Functionalized Al/P Frustrated Lewis Pair: Substrate Activation and Selective Hydrogen Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3212-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hans Klöcker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
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