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Wu L, Zhang X, Moos M, Krummenacher I, Dietz M, Jayaraman A, Bertermann R, Ye Q, Finze M, Wenzel M, Mitric R, Lambert C, Braunschweig H, Ji L. Full Electron Delocalization across the Cluster in 1,12-bisBMes 2- p-carborane Radical Anion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17956-17963. [PMID: 38850552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Conjugation between three-dimensional (3D) carboranes and the attached substituents is commonly believed to be very weak. In this paper, we report that reducing 1,12-bis(BMes2)-p-carborane (B2pCab) with one electron gives a radical anion with a centrosymmetric semiquinoidal structure. This radical anion shows extensive electron delocalization between the two boron centers over the p-carborane bridge due to the overlap of carborane lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the BMes2 LUMO. Unlike dianions of other C2B10H12 carboranes, which rearrange to a nido-form, two-electron reduction of B2pCab leads to a rearrangement into a basket-shaped intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xinning Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Qing Ye
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wenzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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2
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Tanaka Y. Organometallics in molecular junctions: conductance, functions, and reactions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8512-8523. [PMID: 38712999 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Molecular junctions, which involve sandwiching molecular structures between electrodes, play a crucial role in molecular electronics. Recent advances in this field have revealed the vital role of organometallic chemistry in the investigation of molecular junctions, which has added to their well-known contributions to catalysis and materials chemistry. This review summarizes the recent examples of organometallic chemistry applications in molecular junctions, which can be categorized into three types, i.e., class I encompassing molecular junctions with bridging organometallic complexes, class II involving molecular junctions with covalent and noncovalent metal electrode-carbon bonds, and class III comprising organometallic reactions within molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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3
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Mao ZD, Fu JH, He Y, Song Y, Tan BC, Chen LT, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Azo-Cyanamide Bridged Dinuclear Iron Complexes Exhibiting no Electronic Coupling but Moderate Magnetic Coupling between the two Iron Centers. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400009. [PMID: 38282142 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of long-distance organic ligand on electronic coupling between metallic atoms, the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes [Cp(dppe)Fe(apc)] (1), [{Cp(dppe)Fe}2(μ-adpc)] (2), [{CpMe5(dppe)Fe}2(μ-adpc) (3) and their oxidized complexes [Cp(dppe)Fe(apc)][PF6] (1[PF6]), [{Cp(dppe)Fe}2(μ-adpc)][PF6] (2[PF6]2), [{CpMe5(dppe)Fe}2(μ-adpc)][PF6]2 (3[PF6]2) (Cp=1,3-cyclopentadiene, CpMe5=1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene, dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), apc-=4-azo(phenylcyanamido)benzene and adpc2-=4,4'-azodi(phenylcyanamido)) were synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectra. Electrochemical measurements showed no electronic coupling between the two terminal Fe units, However, the investigation results of the magnetic properties of the two-electron oxidized complexes indicate the presence of moderate antiferromagnetic coupling across 18 Å distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Dong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Chang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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4
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Li TY, Su SD, He Y, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Syntheses, crystal structures and MMCT properties of diruthenium-based cyanido-bridged RuV/VI2-NC-Ru II complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5010-5019. [PMID: 38226679 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate how the electron-donating capability around the lower valent metal ion and the electron-accepting capability of the higher valent metal ion influence metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) properties in mixed-valence complexes. A series of trinuclear ruthenium complexes represented as [Ru2(ap-4-Me)3(CH3COO)NCRuCpMex(dppe)][PF6] (CpMex = polymethylcyclopentadienyl, x = 0, 1, and 5; and dppe = 1, 2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, ap-4-Me = 2-anilino-4-methylpyridine) and their one-electron oxidized products were synthesized and fully characterized. The UV-vis-NIR spectra confirmed that as the electron donor character of the CpMex(dppe)RuCN fragment enhanced or the electron-accepting capability of the higher valent diruthenium cluster increased, the RuII → RuV2 or RuVI2 Ru2 MMCT bands shifted to lower energies, which was supported by TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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5
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Burgert BB, Sun X, Hauser A, Wingering PMR, Breher F, Roesky PW. Bi- and tridentate coordination behaviour of a novel bis(phosphinimino)methanide ligand. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301084. [PMID: 38197668 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel ferrocenyl-functionalized bis(phosphinimino)methane ligand (CH2 (PPh2 NFc)2 ). Deprotonation of CH2 (PPh2 NFc)2 with KN(SiMe3 )2 gave the dimeric species [K{CH(PPh2 NFc)2 }]2 , which was further reacted with ECl2 (E=Ge, Sn) to yield the tetrylene compounds [{CH(PPh2 NFc)2 }ECl]. The ligand and the resulting tetrylenes were examined for their electrochemical properties with the aid of cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the reaction of the tetrylenes [{CH(PPh2 NFc)2 }ECl] with [AuC6 F5 (tht)] resulted in the bimetallic complexes [{(AuC6 F5 )CH(PPh2 NFc)2 }ECl] with an unusual Au coordination on the ligand backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian B Burgert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Perrine M R Wingering
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Cherkasova AV, Cherkasov AV, Martyanov KA, Bogomyakov AS, Khrustalev VN, Kissel AA, Kozhanov KA, Kuropatov VA, Cherkasov VK. Self-assembly of a metal-organic cage-like structure bearing cofacial redox-active bis-( o-semiquinone) copper(II) units. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15107-15114. [PMID: 37814785 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02855k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ditopic di-o-quinone with a resorcinol bridge exhibits the ability to self-assemble in a reaction with copper, giving a cage-like binuclear complex that, due to the cofacially placed metal ions, is capable of encapsulation of different solvent molecules as guest ligands. Notably, the geometry of the internal cavity of this complex adjusts depending on the coordinating properties of the encapsulated molecule (mono- or bidentate). A feature of this species is that the cage-forming units are copper(II) bis-semiquinonate moieties, capable of undergoing ligand-centered redox transformations. Electrochemical and EPR spectroscopy studies showed that there is a channel for intramolecular electronic exchange interactions between the redox centres of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Cherkasova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49, Tropinina str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 BOX-445, Russia.
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49, Tropinina str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 BOX-445, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Martyanov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49, Tropinina str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 BOX-445, Russia.
| | - Artem S Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, 3a Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- Institute of Organoelement compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kissel
- Institute of Organoelement compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Kozhanov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49, Tropinina str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 BOX-445, Russia.
| | - Viacheslav A Kuropatov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49, Tropinina str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 BOX-445, Russia.
| | - Vladimir K Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49, Tropinina str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 BOX-445, Russia.
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7
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Quiroz M, Lockart MM, Xue S, Jones D, Guo Y, Pierce BS, Dunbar KR, Hall MB, Darensbourg MY. Magnetic coupling between Fe(NO) spin probe ligands through diamagnetic Ni II, Pd II and Pt II tetrathiolate bridges. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9167-9174. [PMID: 37655023 PMCID: PMC10466285 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01546g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction of the nitrosylated-iron metallodithiolate ligand, paramagnetic (NO)Fe(N2S2), with [M(CH3CN)n][BF4]2 salts (M = NiII, PdII, and PtII; n = 4 or 6) affords di-radical tri-metallic complexes in a stairstep type arrangement ([FeMFe]2+, M = Ni, Pd, and Pt), with the central group 10 metal held in a MS4 square plane. These isostructural compounds have nearly identical ν(NO) stretching values, isomer shifts, and electrochemical properties, but vary in their magnetic properties. Despite the intramolecular Fe⋯Fe distances of ca. 6 Å, antiferromagnetic coupling is observed between {Fe(NO)}7 units as established by magnetic susceptibility, EPR, and DFT studies. The superexchange interaction through the thiolate sulfur and central metal atoms is on the order of NiII < PdII ≪ PtII with exchange coupling constants (J) of -3, -23, and -124 cm-1, consistent with increased covalency of the M-S bonds (3d < 4d < 5d). This trend is reproduced by DFT calculations with molecular orbital analysis providing insight into the origin of the enhancement in the exchange interaction. Specifically, the magnitude of the exchange interaction correlates surprisingly well with the energy difference between the HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals of the triplet states, which is reflected in the central metal's contribution to these orbitals. These results demonstrate the ability of sulfur-dense metallodithiolate ligands to engender strong magnetic communication by virtue of their enhanced covalency and polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Molly M Lockart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Samford University Birmingham Alabama 35229 USA
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Dakota Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Brad S Pierce
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487 USA
| | - Kim R Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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Clendening RA, Delancey SS, Poore AT, Xue S, Guo Y, Tian S, Ren T. Enabling Valence Delocalization in Iron(III) Macrocyclic Complexes through Ring Unsaturation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11121-11133. [PMID: 37390479 PMCID: PMC10688613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The complexes [FeIII(HMC)(C2DMA)2]CF3SO3 ([2]OTf) and [FeIII(HMTI)(C2Y)2]CF3SO3 ([3a-c]OTf) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized (HMC = 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane; HMTI = 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene; Y = Fc (ferrocenyl, [3a]OTf), 4-(N,N-dimethyl)anilino (DMA, [3b]OTf), or 4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)anilino (TPA, [3c]OTf); OTf- = CF3SO3-)). Vibrational and electronic absorption spectroelectrochemical analyses following one-electron oxidation of the ethynyl substituent Y revealed evidence of strong coupling in the resultant mixed valent species for all HMTI-based complexes. However, the analogous mixed valent ion based on [2]OTf appeared to be more localized. Thus, the tetra-imino macrocycle HMTI has enabled significant valence delocalization along the -C2-FeIII-C2- bridge. Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of [3b]OTf reveal that the π-acidity of HMTI lowers the energy of the FeIII dπ orbitals compared to the purely σ-donating HMC. This observation provides a basis for the interpretation of the macrocycle-dependent valence (de)localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reese A. Clendening
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Delancey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew T. Poore
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Prudlik A, Mohebbati N, Hildebrandt L, Heck A, Nuhn L, Francke R. TEMPO-Modified Polymethacrylates as Mediators in Electrosynthesis: Influence of the Molecular Weight on Redox Properties and Electrocatalytic Activity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202730. [PMID: 36426862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysts ("mediators") are frequently employed in organic electrosynthesis to control selectivity. Despite their advantages, they can have a negative influence on the overall energy and mass balance if used only once or recycled inefficiently. Polymediators are soluble redox-active polymers applicable as electrocatalysts, enabling recovery by dialysis or membrane filtration. Using anodic alcohol oxidation as an example, we have demonstrated that TEMPO-modified polymethacrylates (TPMA) can act as efficient and recyclable catalysts. In the present work, the influence of the molecular size on the redox properties and the catalytic activity was carefully elaborated using a series of TPMAs with well-defined molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry studies show that the polymer chain length has a pronounced impact on the key-properties. Together with preparative-scale electrolysis experiments, an optimum size range was identified for polymediator-guided sustainable reaction control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Prudlik
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrandt
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alina Heck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Janoušek J, Rybáček J, Buděšínský M, Pospíšil L, Stará IG, Starý I. Electrochemistry of Tetrathiafulvalene Ligands Assembled on the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217639. [PMID: 36364465 PMCID: PMC9659269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative, S-[4-({4-[(2,2′-bi-1,3-dithiol-4-ylmethoxy)methyl] phenyl}ethynyl)phenyl] ethanethioate, suitable for the modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), is described in this article. The TTF ligand was self-assembled on the AuNP surface through ligand exchange, starting from dodecanethiol-stabilized AuNPs. The resulting modified AuNPs were characterized by TEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. The most suitable electrochemical method was the phase-sensitive AC voltammetry at very low frequencies of the sine-wave perturbation. The results indicate a diminishing electronic communication between the two equivalent redox centers of TTF and also intermolecular donor–acceptor interactions manifested by an additional oxidation wave upon attachment of the ligand to AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Irena G. Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (I.S.)
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11
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Harrison DP, Grotjahn R, Naher M, Ghazvini SMBH, Mazzucato DM, Korb M, Moggach SA, Lambert C, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Quantum Interference in Mixed-Valence Complexes: Tuning Electronic Coupling Through Substituent Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211000. [PMID: 36031588 PMCID: PMC9828041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst 2- or 5-OMe groups on the bridging phenylene ring in [{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H4 )]+ have little influence on the electronic structure of this weakly coupled mixed-valence complex, a 4-OMe substituent enhances ground state electron delocalization, and increases the intensity of the IVCT transition. Vibrational frequency and TDDFT calculations (LH20t-D3(BJ), def2-SVP, COSMO (CH2 Cl2 )) on ([{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H3 -n-OMe)]+ (n=2, 4, 5) models are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The stronger ground state coupling is attributed to the change in composition of the β-HOSO brought about by the 4-OMe group, which is ortho or para to each of the metal fragments. The intensity of the IVCT transition increases with the greater overlap of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO, whilst the relative phases of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO in the 4-OMe substituted complex are consistent with predictions of constructive quantum interference from molecular circuit rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Harrison
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany,Present address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Irvine1102 Natural Science IIIrvineCA 92697-2025USA
| | - Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Seyed M. B. H. Ghazvini
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Daniel M. Mazzucato
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of LancasterLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
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12
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Ramírez‐Wierzbicki I, Cotic A, Cadranel A. Photoinduced Intervalence Charge Transfers: Spectroscopic Tools to Study Fundamental Phenomena and Applications. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200384. [PMID: 35785464 PMCID: PMC9805035 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of excited state chemistry for solar energy conversion or photocatalysis has been continuously increasing, and the needs of a transition to a sustainable human development indicate this trend will continue. In this scenario, the study of mixed valence systems in the excited state offers a unique opportunity to explore excited state electron transfer reactivity, and, in a broader sense, excited state chemistry. This Concept article analyzes recent contributions in the field of photoinduced mixed valence systems, i. e. those where the mixed valence core is absent in the ground state but created upon light absorption. The focus is on the utilization of photoinduced intervalence charge transfer bands, detected via transient absorption spectroscopy, as key tools to study fundamental phenomena like donor/acceptor inversion, hole delocalization, coexistence of excited states and excited state nature, together with applications in molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ramírez‐Wierzbicki
- Instituto de Química Física de MaterialesMedio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresPabellón 2, Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EHABuenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaAnalítica y Química FísicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPabellón 2, Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EHABuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Agustina Cotic
- Instituto de Química Física de MaterialesMedio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresPabellón 2, Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EHABuenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaAnalítica y Química FísicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPabellón 2, Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EHABuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Instituto de Química Física de MaterialesMedio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresPabellón 2, Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EHABuenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaAnalítica y Química FísicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPabellón 2, Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EHABuenos AiresArgentina
- Department Chemie und PharmaziePhysikalische ChemieFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
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13
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Bastien G, Nováková Lachmanová Š, Tarábek J, Rončević I, Hromadová M, Kaleta J, Pospíšil L. Electrochemical test of flexibility of pyridine terminated molecular rods. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Biegański P, Kovalski E, Israel N, Dmitrieva E, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Vrček V, Godel M, Riganti C, Kopecka J, Lang H, Kowalski K. Electronic Coupling in 1,2,3-Triazole Bridged Ferrocenes and Its Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Deleterious Activity in Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9650-9666. [PMID: 35699521 PMCID: PMC9490837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mixed-valence (MV)
binuclear ferrocenyl compounds have long been
studied as models for testing theories of electron transfer and in
attempts to design molecular-scale electronic devices (e.g., molecular wires). In contrary to that, far less attention has
been paid to MV binuclear ferrocenes as anticancer agents. Herein,
we discuss the synthesis of six 1,2,3-triazole ferrocenyl compounds
for combined (spectro)electrochemical, electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR), computational, and anticancer activity studies. Our synthetic
approach was based on the copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne
cycloaddition reaction and enabled us to obtain in one step compounds
bearing either one, two, or three ferrocenyl entities linked to the
common 1,2,3-triazole core. Thus, two series of complexes were obtained,
which pertain to derivatives of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine
(AZT) and 3-azidopropionylferrocene, respectively. Based on the experimental
and theoretical data, the two mono-oxidized species corresponding
to binuclear AZT and trinuclear 3-azidopropionylferrocene complexes
have been categorized as class II mixed-valence according to the classification
proposed by Robin and Day. Of importance is the observation that these
two compounds are more active against human A549 and H1975 non-small-cell
lung cancer cells than their congeners, which do not show MV characteristics.
Moreover, the anticancer activity of MV species competes or surpasses,
dependent on the cell line, the activity of reference anticancer drugs
such as cisplatin, tamoxifen, and 5-fluorouracil. The most active
from the entire series of compounds was the binuclear thymidine derivative
with the lowest IC50 value of 5 ± 2 μM against
lung H1975 cancer cells. The major mechanism of antiproliferative
activity for the investigated MV compounds is based on reactive oxygen
species generation in cancer cells. This hypothesis was substantiated
by EPR spin-trapping experiments and the observation of decreased
anticancer activity in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine
(NAC) free-radical scavenger. The
1,2,3-triazole bridged bi- and triferrocenyl compounds
were prepared via a “click” reaction.
Their corresponding mono-oxidized forms have been categorized as class
II MV species. The biferrocenyl thymidine derivative showed remarkable
anticancer activity against human A549 and H1975 cancer cells and
negligible activity against nonmalignant human BEAS-2B cells. The
anticancer activity mechanism is mainly due to ROS generation, and
it originates from the combination of electronic coupling and the
thymidine moiety, combined all together in one molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Biegański
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Eduard Kovalski
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Noel Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,MAIN Research Center, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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15
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Cotic A, Cerfontaine S, Slep LD, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L, Cadranel A. A photoinduced mixed valence photoswitch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15121-15128. [PMID: 35699139 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ground state and photoinduced mixed valence states (GSMV and PIMV, respectively) of a dinuclear (Dp4+) ruthenium(II) complex bearing 2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligands and a 2,2':4',4'':2'',2'''-quaterpyridine (Lp) bridging ligand were investigated using femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry and density functional theory. It was shown that the electronic coupling between the transiently light-generated Ru(II) and Ru(III) centers is HDA ∼ 450 cm-1 in the PIMV state, whereas the electrochemically generated GSMV state showed HDA ∼ 0 cm-1, despite virtually identical Ru-Ru distances. This stemmed from the changes in dihedral angles between the two bpy moieties of Lp, estimated at 30° and 4° for the GSMV and PIMV states, respectively, consistent with a through-bond rather than a through-space mechanism. Electronic coupling can be turned on by using visible light excitation, making Dp4+ a competitive candidate for photoswitching applications. A novel strategy to design photoinduced charge transfer molecular switches is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Cotic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Simon Cerfontaine
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Leonardo D Slep
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Physical Chemistry I, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Tanaka Y, Takahashi H, Akita M. Estimation of Electron Distribution over Dinuclear Organometallic Molecular Wires by "IR Tag" Analysis of Ancillary Acyl-Cp Ligands. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:327-342. [PMID: 36855590 PMCID: PMC9955175 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the details of electronic properties of mixed-valence (MV) states of organometallic molecular wires is essential to gain insights into electron transfer phenomena. Although the field of MV chemistry is matured, there remain issues to be solved, which cannot be accessed by the conventional analytical methods. Here, we describe the synthesis and properties of diruthenium bridging (diethynylbenzene)diyl wires, (μ-p and m-C≡C-C6H4-C≡C){RuCpR(dppe)}2 1, with the acyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl rings [CpR: Cpe; η5-C5H4COOMe (a-series: ester derivatives), Cpa; η5-C5H4COMe (b-series: acetyl derivatives)], which are installed as IR-tags to estimate electron densities at the metal centers in the MV species. The electrochemical and IR/near IR-spectroelectrochemical studies reveal that the two metal centers in the para-isomers p-1a,b + interact with each other more strongly than those in the meta-isomers m-1a,b + . Electron-spin resonance study also supports the radicals being delocalized over the Ru-(p-C≡C-C6H4-C≡C)-Ru moieties in p-1a,b + . The spectroelectrochemical IR study shows significant higher-energy shifts of the ν(C=O) vibrations brought about upon 1e-oxidation. Spectral simulation on the basis of the Bloch equations allows us to determine the electron transfer rate constants (k et) between the two metal centers being in the orders of 1012 s-1 ( p-1 + ) and 109 s-1 ( m-1 + ). The shifts of the ν(C=O) bands reveal that the charge densities on the para-isomers p-1a,b + are widely delocalized over the Ru-(p-C≡C-C6H4-C≡C)-Ru linkages in contrast to the meta-isomers m-1a,b + , where the electron densities are mainly localized on the metal fragments, as supported by the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory studies as well as comparison with the reference mononuclear acetylide complexes, C6H5-C≡C-RuCpR(dppe) 2. We have successfully demonstrated that the carbonyl groups (>C=O) in the ancillary Cp ligands also work as IR-tags to report detailed information on the electron densities at the metal centers and the electron distribution over MV complexes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan,
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan,
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17
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O'Mari O, Vullev VI. Electrochemical analysis in charge-transfer science: The devil in the details. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022; 31:100862. [PMID: 35059527 PMCID: PMC8765593 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It is easy to carry out electrochemical analysis. It is demanding, however, to do it right, as inherent challenges, emerging from details in the data collection and the result interpretation, frequently present themselves. In pertinence to electron-donor-acceptor interactions, herein, we focus on voltammetrically obtained electrochemical potentials and their immense utility for extracting important characteristics of molecular analytes. Recommendations how to address key pending challenges, based on recent developments in electroanalysis and charge-transfer science, accompany the discussions on undesired impacts from irreversibility of oxidation and reduction, supporting electrolytes, choices of reference, liquid junctions, and 'nonideality' of molecular shapes. As the wide implications of charge transfer are indisputable, using the tools at our disposal for improving the reliability of electroanalysis is crucial for advancing modern science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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18
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Arnaboldi S, Grecchi S, Vaghi L, Penoni A, Scapinello L, Buzzi IF, Cirilli R, Pierini M, Benincori T, Mussini PR. Trópos
and
Átropos
Biindole Chiral Electroactive Monomers: A Voltammetry and HPLC Comparative Insight. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Penoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Luca Scapinello
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Ivo Franco Buzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci Istituto Superiore di Sanita' Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
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19
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Liu X, Feng H, Li Y, Ma X, Yan Q. Effects of high‐energy multicore ferrocene‐based catalysts on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Haitao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Qilong Yan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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20
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Breimaier S, Fröhlich N, Herberger J, Linseis M, Kivala M, Winter RF. Charge and Spin Delocalization in Mixed-Valent Vinylruthenium–Triarylamine-Conjugates with Planarized Triarylamines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Breimaier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich−Alexander-Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Herberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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21
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Sk B, Sarkar M, Singh K, Sengupta A, Patra A. UV to NIR multistate electrochromism and electrofluorochromism in dibenzophenazine-arylamine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13590-13593. [PMID: 34847210 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing case of intramolecular and intervalence charge transfer-driven multistate electrochromism and electrofluorochromism in dibenzophenazin-(phenyl)methanone and arylamine-based redox-active donor-acceptor-donor molecules was elucidated. Tunable absorption from UV to NIR and on-off switching of fluorescence in a single-component all-organic molecular material by a subtle variation of electric potentials were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadur Sk
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
| | - Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
| | - Arunava Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
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22
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Cancela L, Esteruelas MA, Oliván M, Oñate E. Azolium Control of the Osmium-Promoted Aromatic C-H Bond Activation in 1,3-Disubstituted Substrates. Organometallics 2021; 40:3979-3991. [PMID: 34924674 PMCID: PMC8672810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hexahydride complex OsH6(PiPr3)2 promotes the C-H bond activation of the 1,3-disubstituted phenyl group of the [BF4]- and [BPh4]- salts of the cations 1-(3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylimidazolium and 1-(3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbenzimidazolium. The reactions selectively afford neutral and cationic trihydride-osmium(IV) derivatives bearing κ2-C,N- or κ2-C,C-chelating ligands, a cationic dihydride-osmium(IV) complex stabilized by a κ3-C,C,N-pincer group, and a bimetallic hexahydride formed by two trihydride-osmium(IV) fragments. The metal centers of the hexahydride are separated by a bridging ligand, composed of κ2-C,N- and κ2-C,C-chelating moieties, which allows electronic communication between the metal centers. The wide variety of obtained compounds and the high selectivity observed in their formation is a consequence of the main role of the azolium group during the activation and of the existence of significant differences in behavior between the azolium groups. The azolium role is governed by the anion of the salt, whereas the azolium behavior depends upon its imidazolium or benzimidazolium nature. While [BF4]- inhibits the azolium reactions, [BPh4]- favors the azolium participation in the activation process. In contrast to benzimidazolylidene, the imidazolylidene resulting from the deprotonation of the imidazolium substituent coordinates in an abnormal fashion to direct the phenyl C-H bond activation to the 2-position. The hydride ligands of the cationic dihydride-osmium(IV) pincer complex display intense quantum mechanical exchange coupling. Furthermore, this salt is a red phosphorescent emitter upon photoexcitation and displays a noticeable catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone and of 1,2-phenylenedimethanol to 1-isobenzofuranone. The bimetallic hexahydride shows catalytic synergism between the metals, in the dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cancela
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Casper LA, Ebel V, Linseis M, Winter RF. Five shades of green: substituent influence on the (spectro-) electrochemical properties of diferrocenyl(phenyl)methylium dyes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15336-15351. [PMID: 34636831 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new, intensely green diferrocenylphenylmethylium complexes 1+-5+ with electron donating (EDG: 4-MeO, 4-Me, 4-Br) or withdrawing (EWG: 3,5-CF3, 4-nC6F13) substituents were synthesized and fully characterized. The substituent influence on their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and T-dependent EPR spectroscopy of the cationic as well as the oxidized (12+-52+) and reduced (1˙-5˙) species. The reduced forms equilibrate with their corresponding dimers (65-83%) with a clear substituent influence as expressed by their Hammett parameters in an ordering 4+ > 5+ > 3+ > 2+ > 1+. The structures of all five precursor carbinols 1-OH-5-OH and those of three of the diferrocenylphenylmethylium cations (1+, 4+-5+) were established by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Casper
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Viktoria Ebel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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24
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Zhang F, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Lambert C, Ravat P. Zinc‐[7]helicenocyanin und sein diskretes π‐gestapeltes homochirales Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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25
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Mohebbati N, Prudlik A, Scherkus A, Gudkova A, Francke R. TEMPO‐Modified Polymethacrylates as Mediators in Electrosynthesis – Redox Behavior and Electrocatalytic Activity toward Alcohol Substrates. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Adrian Prudlik
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anton Scherkus
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Aija Gudkova
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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26
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Rotthowe N, Linseis M, Vogelsang L, Orth N, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Winter RF. A "Pretender" Croconate-Bridged Macrocyclic Tetraruthenium Complex: Sizable Redox Potential Splittings despite Electronically Insulated Divinylphenylene Diruthenium Entities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175232. [PMID: 34500666 PMCID: PMC8433806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful optimization of the reaction conditions provided access to the particularly small tetraruthenium macrocycle 2Ru2Ph-Croc, which is composed out of two redox-active divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium entities {Ru}-1,4-CH=CH-C6H4-CH=CH-{Ru} (Ru2Ph; {Ru} = Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2) and two likewise redox-active and potentially non-innocent croconate linkers. According to single X-ray diffraction analysis, the central cavity of 2Ru2Ph-Croc is shielded by the bulky PiPr3 ligands, which come into close contact. Cyclic voltammetry revealed two pairs of split anodic waves in the weakly ion pairing CH2Cl2/NBu4BArF24 (BArF24 = [B{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}4]− electrolyte, while the third and fourth waves fall together in CH2Cl2/NBu4PF6. The various oxidized forms were electrogenerated and scrutinized by IR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. This allowed us to assign the individual oxidations to the metal-organic Ru2Ph entities within 2Ru2Ph-Croc, while the croconate ligands remain largely uninvolved. The lack of specific NIR bands that could be assigned to intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) in the mono- and trications indicates that these mixed-valent species are strictly charge-localized. 2Ru2Ph-Croc is hence an exemplary case, where stepwise IR band shifts and quite sizable redox splittings between consecutive one-electron oxidations would, on first sight, point to electronic coupling, but are exclusively due to electrostatic and inductive effects. This makes 2Ru2Ph-Croc a true “pretender”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rotthowe
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, LJS 251, 840 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Lars Vogelsang
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Nicole Orth
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (N.O.); (I.I.-B.)
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (N.O.); (I.I.-B.)
- Department Chemie, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(7531)-88-5355
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27
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Ravat P, Zhang F, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Lambert C. Zinc-[7]helicenocyanine and Its Discrete π-Stacked Homochiral Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23656-23660. [PMID: 34403564 PMCID: PMC8597050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we demonstrate a novel approach to prepare a discrete dimer of chiral phthalocyanine (Pc) by exploiting the flexible molecular geometry of helicenes, which enables structural interlocking and strong aggregation tendency of Pcs. Synthesized [7]helicene‐Pc hybrid molecular structure, zinc‐[7]helicenocyanine (Zn‐7HPc), exclusively forms a stable dimeric pair consisting of two homochiral molecules. The dimerization constants were estimated to be as high as 8.96×106 M−1 and 3.42×107 M−1 in THF and DMSO, respectively, indicating remarkable stability of dimer. In addition, Zn‐7HPc exhibited chiral self‐sorting behavior, which resulted in preferential formation of a homochiral dimer also in the racemic sample. Two phthalocyanine subunits in the dimeric form strongly communicate with each other as revealed by a large comproportionation constant and observation of an IV‐CT band for the thermodynamically stable mixed‐valence state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Ravat
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, GERMANY
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
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28
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Speiser B, Zitzer G. Interactions Between Two Cobalt Salen Centers Bridged by Non‐Conjugated Linkers**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Speiser
- Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Georg Zitzer
- Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
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29
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Hildebrandt A, Kovalski E, Korb M. (Spectro)electrochemical Properties of Anthracene Containing Triarylamine Platinum(II) Acetylides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Eduard Kovalski
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- The University of Western Australia Faculty of Science, School of Molecular Sciences Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia
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30
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Mondal R, Braun JD, Sidhu BK, Nevonen DE, Nemykin VN, Herbert DE. Catalytic Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) and Donor-Acceptor-Acceptor (D-A-A) Pyrimidine-Ferrocenes via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling: Synthesis, Structures, and Electronic Communication. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason D. Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Baldeep K. Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dustin E. Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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32
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Wang H, Shao JY, Duan R, Wang KZ, Zhong YW. Synthesis and electronic coupling studies of cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-biphenyl. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4219-4230. [PMID: 33687405 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(benzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (H-tbibp) and capped with different terminal ligands have been synthesized and examined. In addition, two monoruthenium complexes with H-tbibp have been prepared for the purpose of comparison studies. The degree of Ru-Ru electronic coupling of these diruthenium complexes has been investigated by electrochemical and intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) analyses. These results suggest that when the same or similar terminal ligands are used, the strength of H-tbibp in mediating the Ru-Ru coupling is enhanced with respect to that of the previously reported bridging ligand 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl, but it is slightly inferior to that of the classical bridging ligand 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(pyrid-2-yl)biphenyl. This trend is also supported by CNS analyses based on the hole-superexchange mechanism. In addition, DFT calculations have been performed to probe the spin density distributions of the singly-oxidized diruthenium complexes with H-tbibp and TDDFT calculations are used to reproduce the IVCT transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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33
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Cancela L, Esteruelas MA, Galbán J, Oliván M, Oñate E, Vélez A, Vidal JC. Electronic Communication in Binuclear Osmium- and Iridium-Polyhydrides. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2783-2796. [PMID: 33543934 PMCID: PMC9179948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reactions of polyhydrides OsH6(PiPr3)2 (1)
and IrH5(PiPr3)2 (2) with rollover cyclometalated
hydride complexes have been investigated in order to explore the influence
of a metal center on the MHn unit of the
other in mixed valence binuclear polyhydrides. Hexahydride 1 activates an ortho-CH bond of the heterocyclic
moiety of the trihydride metal–ligand compounds OsH3{κ2-C,N-[C5RH2N-py]}(PiPr3)2 (R = H (3), Me (4), Ph (5)). Reactions of 3 and 4 lead to the hexahydrides
(PiPr3)2H3Os{μ-[κ2-C,N-[C5RH2N-C5H3N]-N,C-κ2]}OsH3(PiPr3)2 (R = H (6), Me (7)),
whereas 5 gives the pentahydride (PiPr3)2H3Os{μ-[κ2-C,N-[C5H3N-C5(C6H4)H2N]-C,N,C-κ3]}OsH2(PiPr3)2 (8).
Pentahydride 2 promotes C—H bond activation of 3 and the iridium-dihydride IrH2{κ2-C,N-[C5H3N-py]}(PiPr3)2 (9)
to afford the heterobinuclear pentahydride (PiPr3)2H3Os{μ-[κ2-C,N-[C5H3N-C5H3N]-N,C-κ2]}IrH2(PiPr3)2 (10) and the homobinuclear tetrahydride (PiPr3)2H2Ir{μ-[κ2-C,N-[C5H3N-C5H3N]-N,C-κ2]}IrH2(PiPr3)2 (11), respectively. Complexes 6–8 and 11 display HOMO delocalization
throughout the metal–heterocycle-metal skeleton. Their sequential
oxidation generates mono- and diradicals, which exhibit intervalence
charge transfer transitions. This notable ability allows the tuning
of the strength of the hydrogen–hydrogen and metal–hydrogen
interactions within the MHn units. The influence of a metal center on the
MHn unit of the other in binuclear osmium-
and iridium-polyhydride
complexes bearing rollover cyclometalated bipyridines as a bridging
ligand has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cancela
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Galbán
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias - Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA-ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Vélez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan C Vidal
- Grupo de Espectroscopia Analítica y Sensores (GEAS) - Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Gückel S, Safari P, Bagher Hosseini Ghazvini SM, Hall MR, Gluyas JBG, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Iron Versus Ruthenium: Evidence for the Distinct Differences in the Electronic Structures of Hexa-1,3,5-triyn-1,6-diyl-bridged Complexes [Cp*(dppe)M}{μ-(C≡C)3}{M(dppe)Cp*}]+ (M = Fe, Ru). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gückel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Parvin Safari
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - Michael R. Hall
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Josef B. G. Gluyas
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Launay J, Hong C, Su S, Wen Y, Wu X, Sheng T. The Electron Transfer Process in Mixed Valence Compounds with a Low‐lying Energy Bridge in Different Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- Department of Criminal Investigation Fujian Police College Fuzhou 350007 Fujian China
| | - Jean‐Pierre Launay
- Université de Toulouse CEMES-CNRS 29 rue Jeanne Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
| | - Cheng‐Bin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Shao‐Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Yue‐Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xin‐Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Tian‐Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Launay J, Hong C, Su S, Wen Y, Wu X, Sheng T. The Electron Transfer Process in Mixed Valence Compounds with a Low‐lying Energy Bridge in Different Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4804-4814. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- Department of Criminal Investigation Fujian Police College Fuzhou 350007 Fujian China
| | - Jean‐Pierre Launay
- Université de Toulouse CEMES-CNRS 29 rue Jeanne Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
| | - Cheng‐Bin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Shao‐Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Yue‐Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xin‐Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Tian‐Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
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Korb M, Moggach SA, Low PJ. Synthesis of a diferrocenylvinylidene complex by migration of a ferrocenyl substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4251-4254. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00605c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first diferrocenyl vinylidene complex is reported via migration of a ferrocenyl group along an unsaturated CC bond. Bis(alkynes) with phenyl and ferrocenyl groups in various positions gave bimetallic bis(vinylidene) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- The University of Western Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- The University of Western Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Paul J. Low
- The University of Western Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Perth
- Australia
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Saal F, Zhang F, Holzapfel M, Stolte M, Michail E, Moos M, Schmiedel A, Krause AM, Lambert C, Würthner F, Ravat P. [n]Helicene Diimides (n = 5, 6, and 7): Through-Bond versus Through-Space Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21298-21303. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fridolin Saal
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Billups JR, Fokakis ZN, Creutz SE. Octahedral Iron Complexes of Pyrazine(diimine) Pincers: Ligand Electronic Effects and Protonation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15228-15239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaylan R. Billups
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Zoe N. Fokakis
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Sidney E. Creutz
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville Mississippi 39762, United States
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40
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Roy SS, Chowdhury SR, Mishra S, Patra SK. Role of Substituents at 3-position of Thienylethynyl Spacer on Electronic Properties in Diruthenium(II) Organometallic Wire-like Complexes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3304-3313. [PMID: 32790947 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of organometallic complexes [Cl(dppe)2 Ru-C≡C-(3-R-C4 H2 S)-C≡C-Ru(dppe)2 Cl] (3-R-C4 H2 S=3-substituted thienyl moiety; R=-H, -C2 H5 , -C3 H7 , -C4 H9 , -C6 H13 , -OMe, -CN in 5 a-5 g respectively) have been synthesized by systematic variation of 3-substituents at the thienylethynyl bridging unit. The diruthenum(II) wire-like complexes (5 a-5 g) have been achieved by the reaction of thienylethynyl bridging units, HC≡C-(3-R-C4 H2 S)-C≡CH (4 a-4 g) with cis-[Ru(dppe)2 Cl2 ]. The wire-like diruthenium(II) complexes undergo two consecutive electrochemical oxidation processes in the potential range of 0.0 - 0.8 V. Interestingly, the wave separation between the two redox waves is greatly influenced by the substituents at the 3-position of the thienylethynyl. Thus, the substitution on 3-position of the thienylethynyl bridging unit plays a pivotal role for tuning the electronic properties. To understand the electronic behavior, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the selected diruthenium wire-like complexes (5 a-5 e) with different alkyl appendages are performed. The theoretical data demonstrate that incorporation of alkyl groups to the thienylethynyl entity leaves unsymmetrical spin densities, thus affecting the electronic properties. The voltammetric features of the other two Ru(II) alkynyl complexes 5 f and 5 g (with -OMe and -CN group respectively) show an apparent dependence on the electronic properties. The electronic properties in the redox conjugate, (5 a+ ) with Kc of 3.9×106 are further examined by UV-Vis-NIR and FTIR studies, showing optical responses in NIR region along with changes in "-Ru-C≡C-" vibrational stretching frequency. The origin of the observed electronic transition has been assigned based on time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Saha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India
| | | | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India
| | - Sanjib K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India
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41
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Ou YP, Zhang J, Wang A, Yuan A, Yin C, Liu SH. Rutheniumethynyl-Triarylamine Organic-Inorganic Mixed-Valence Systems: Regulating Ru-N Electronic Coupling by Different Aryl Bridge Cores. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3338-3349. [PMID: 32840035 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four rutheniumethynyl-triarylamine complexes 1-4 with different aryl bridge cores were prepared. The solid structures of complexes 2-4 were fully confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Two consecutive one-electron oxidation processes of complexes 1-4 were attributed to the ruthenium and nitrogen centers, as revealed by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammogram. Results also showed decreasing potential difference ΔE of complexes 1, 3, and 4, with the largest value for 2. Upon chemical oxidation of complexes 1-4 by 1.0 eq oxidation reagents FcPF6 or AgSbF6 , the mixed-valence complexes, except for 2+ , show characteristic broad NIR absorptions in the UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic experiments. NIR multiple absorptions were assigned to NAr2 →RuCp*(dppe) intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions by TDDFT calculations. Coupling parameter (Hab ) from Hush theory revealed that increasing electronic communication in 1+ , 3+ , and 4+ . Electron density distribution of the HOMO for neutral molecules (1, 3, and 4) and spin density distribution of the corresponding single-oxidized states (1+ , 3+ , and 4+ ) increases progressively on the bridge as the size of the aromatic system increases, proving incremental contributions from bridge cores during oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Ande Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
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42
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Carter C, Kratish Y, Jurca T, Gao Y, Marks TJ. Bis-Ferrocenyl-Pyridinediimine Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes with Metal-Binding Dependent Electronic Coupling: Synthesis, Structures, and Redox-Spectroscopic Characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18715-18729. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cole Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
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43
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Rauch F, Endres P, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Hähnel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Ji L, Marder TB. An Iterative Divergent Approach to Conjugated Starburst Borane Dendrimers. Chemistry 2020; 26:12951-12963. [PMID: 32428359 PMCID: PMC7590090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a new divergent approach, conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps: 1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C-H borylation; 2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF2 ] or [N(nBu4 )][HF2 ]; and 3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents. The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators. Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. However, the conjugation does not increase further upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane subunits, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Endres
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Hähnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youryi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Wagner HE, Di Martino‐Fumo P, Boden P, Zimmer M, Klopper W, Breher F, Gerhards M. Structural Characterization and Lifetimes of Triple-Stranded Helical Coinage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chemistry 2020; 26:10743-10751. [PMID: 32428347 PMCID: PMC7496093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a series of polynuclear complexes containing a trinuclear Cu, Ag, or Au core in combination with the fac-isomer of the metalloligand [Ru(pypzH)3 ](PF6 )2 (pypzH=3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazole). These (in case of the Ag and Au containing species) newly synthesized compounds of the general formula [{Ru(pypz)3 }2 M3 ](PF6 ) (2: M=Cu; 3: M=Ag; 4: M=Au) contain triple-stranded helical structures in which two ruthenium moieties are connected by three N-M-N (M=Cu, Ag, Au) bridges. In order to obtain a detailed description of the structure both in the electronic ground and excited states, extensive spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculations are applied. The equilateral coinage metal core triangle in the electronic ground state of 2-4 is distorted in the triplet state. Furthermore, the analyses offer a detailed description of electronic excitations. By using time-resolved IR spectroscopy from the microsecond down to the nanosecond regime, both the vibrational spectra and the lifetime of the lowest lying electronically excited triplet state can be determined. The lifetimes of these almost only non-radiative triplet states of 2-4 show an unusual effect in a way that the Au-containing complex 4 has a lifetime which is by more than a factor of five longer than in case of the Cu complex 2. Thus, the coinage metals have a significant effect on the electronically excited state, which is localized on a pypz ligand coordinated to the Ru atom indicating an unusual cooperative effect between two moieties of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patrick Di Martino‐Fumo
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Pit Boden
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Willem Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
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Yu CH, Yang X, Ji X, Wang CH, Lai Q, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Redox Communication between Two Diarylamido/Bis(phosphine) (PNP)M Moieties Bridged by Ynediyl Linkers (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10153-10162. [PMID: 32614176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of binuclear homo- and heterobimetallic complexes of the general type (PNP)M-[linker]-M(PNP) have been prepared (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; PNP = a diarylamido/bis(phosphine) pincer ligand; -[linker]- = -C≡C-, -C≡CC≡C-, -C≡CC6H4C≡C-). Each (PNP)M site can be oxidized by one electron, and this work reports the investigation of the mixed-valence behavior in terms of the communication between the two redox sites and the degree of the delocalization in the monooxidized cation. The compounds were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. The complex with the longest examined linker, (PNP)Ni-C≡CC6H4C≡C-Ni(PNP) (9Ni), exhibited no discernible communication between the redox sites. The homobimetallic complexes (PNP)M-C≡CC≡C-M(PNP) (6M) displayed a lower degree of communication in comparison to the -C≡C- linker analogues (PNP)M-C≡C-M(PNP) (3M). Within each of these two subsets, the relative degree of communication and delocalization was determined to be Pd < Ni ≤ Pt. On the Robin-Day scale, compounds 6M can be assigned class I for M = Pd and class II for M = Ni, Pt. Complex 3Pd also falls into class II, while 3Ni and 3Pt may be viewed as borderline class II/III cases. It is likely that the communication in the Ni systems has the advantage of the smaller size of Ni, resulting in a greater physical proximity of the redox sites, while the 5d metal Pt possesses the greatest ability for orbital interaction with the -C≡C- linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Chen-Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Qingheng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Chandra S, Weisser F, Klenk S, Beerhues J, Schweinfurth D, Sarkar B. Dinuclear Ru II complexes with quinonoid bridges: tuning the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of redox-switchable NIR dyes through judicious bridge design. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8354-8366. [PMID: 32519683 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bridging quinonoid ligands are important platforms for generating metal-based switchable optoelectronic and magnetic materials. A possible sound way of influencing the properties of the aforementioned materials is to modify the direct metal-ligand interface. We present herein a series of dinuclear RuII complexes where the set of donor atoms at the bridging quinonoid ligands range from [O,O,O,O], [O,O,O,N], [O,N,O,N] and [O,N,O,N']. Additionally, the substituents on the N-donors were varied as well (a total of eight different quinonoid bridges are compared). We also present a mononuclear RuII complex for comparison purposes. The dinuclear complexes act as switchable NIR dyes, absorbing in the NIR region in their mixed-valent RuII/RuIII form but not in the neighboring RuII/RuII and RuIII/RuIII states. The switching potentials (the potentials at which NIR absorptions appear) and the λmax of the NIR band can be fine-tuned by varying the donor atoms as well as the electron-donating ability of the substituents on the nitrogen atoms (tuning E by ca. 0.4 V and λmax by ca. 450 nm). Introducing more electron-rich substituents at the nitrogen atoms of the bridge results in higher band energies and more cathodic redox potentials. Unsymmetrical bridging ligands increase the thermodynamic stability of the mixed-valent state. Whereas almost all of the mixed-valent species presented here belong to the delocalised type III of the Robin-Day classification, the most unsymmetrical complex 2O,N(Mes) shows characteristic signs of a borderline Class-II-III compounds. This comprehensive study thus establishes the lesser used unsymmetrically substituted quinones as excellent bridges for generating and tuning a series of properties in their corresponding metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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47
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Su K, Sun N, Yan Z, Jin S, Li X, Wang D, Zhou H, Yao J, Chen C. Dual-Switching Electrochromism and Electrofluorochromism Derived from Diphenylamine-Based Polyamides with Spirobifluorene/Pyrene as Bridged Fluorescence Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22099-22107. [PMID: 32366091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC)/electrofluorochromic (EFC) bifunctional materials are receiving great attention because of their promising applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the development of ideal EC/EFC bifunctional materials is still a great challenge because of the poor integration of EC/EFC performances (optical contrast, response speed, and switching stability). Herein, we reported two novel diphenylamine-based mixed valence (MV) polyamides (S-HPA and P-HPA) with spirobifluorene (2,7-positions) and pyrene (1,6-positions) as bridged fluorescence units, respectively, showing impressive cyclability and fluorescence contrast with rapid switching. Through the formation of an effective electronic coupling between the two nitrogen centers using spirobifluorene/pyrene bridges, we demonstrated that different bridges have significant effects on the thermal and electrooptical characteristics of polyamides. In addition to lower fluorescence quantum yield and glass transition temperature, the S-HPA exhibited superior cyclability (contrast change <3.4%/14% over 500/300 cycles for EC/EFC switching), higher color/fluorescence contrast (64%/304%), and faster switching time (<2.6 s), mainly owing to the shorter conjugated length and more twisted configuration of the spirobifluorene bridge. The design principle of MV polymers with fluorophore bridges proposed here will be a promising way to realize high-performance EC/EFC devices and will also provide new insights into their future development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Su
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ningwei Sun
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Zhihua Yan
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sizhuo Jin
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jianan Yao
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
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48
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Tahara K, Abe M. Stimuli-responsive Mixed-valence Architectures: Synthetic Design and Interplay between Mobile and Introduced Charges. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Tahara
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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49
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Ou Y, Wang A, Yuan A, Yin C, Hu F. Phenyl‐Bridged Ferrocene/Ruthenium Alkynyl Heterobimetallic Complexes: Syntheses, Characterization, and Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Computational Investigation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Metal‐Organic Compounds of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Metal‐Organic Compounds of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Ande Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Metal‐Organic Compounds of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Metal‐Organic Compounds of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fang Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University 315211 Ningbo China
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50
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Naik S, Scottwell SØ, Li HL, Leong CF, D'Alessandro DM, Field LD. Dinuclear acetylide-bridged ruthenium(ii) complexes with rigid non-aromatic spacers. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2687-2695. [PMID: 32048664 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rigid dinuclear ruthenium complexes containing non-aromatic caged and polycyclic spacer groups were synthesised and characterised. The complexes, [trans,trans-{Ru(dmpe)2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)}2(μ-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-X-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)], where X = 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (C8H12) or 1,12-p-carborane (p-C2B10H10), were formed via the metathesis of terminal organic bisacetylenes with the methylruthenium complex, [trans-Ru(dmpe)2(CH3)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)], under mild conditions. Electrochemical studies demonstrated electronic interactions across the non-aromatic caged and polycyclic spacers was less than in the analogous complex with an aromatic spacer group, [trans,trans-{Ru(dmpe)2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)}2(μ-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-p-C6H4-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)]. Mononuclear complexes, [trans-Ru(dmpe)2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-X-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)], were also synthesised. [trans-Ru(dmpe)2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-C8H12-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)] and [trans,trans-{Ru(dmpe)2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)}2(μ-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-p-C2B10H10-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)] were structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Naik
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Hsiu L Li
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Chanel F Leong
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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