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A Green Approach to 2-Substituted Benzo- and Naphthothiazoles via N-bromosuccinimide/Bromide-Mediated C(aryl)-S Bond Formation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227876. [PMID: 36431980 PMCID: PMC9697867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Substituted benzo- and naphthothiazoles have been conveniently prepared from the intramolecular cyclization of phenylthioureas and activated thiobenzanilides or the coupling of isothiocyanates with amines under mild conditions using N-bromosuccinimide/tetrabutylammonium bromide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) under ambient conditions. The reactions produce moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance and avoid the use of harsh thermal conditions, corrosive reagents, halogenated solvents, toxic metal salts, and expensive metal catalysts, and are amenable to preparations on a gram-scale.
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Mor S, Mohil R, Nagoria S, Kumar A, Lal K, Kumar D, Singh V. Regioselective Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and QSAR Studies of Some 3-Aryl-1-heteroarylindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Mor
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology; Hisar-125001 Haryana India
| | - Rajni Mohil
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology; Hisar-125001 Haryana India
| | - Savita Nagoria
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology; Hisar-125001 Haryana India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology; Hisar-125001 Haryana India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology; Hisar-125001 Haryana India
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology; Hisar-125001 Haryana India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT); Jalandhar-144011 Punjab India
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Dunetz JR, Magano J, Weisenburger GA. Large-Scale Applications of Amide Coupling Reagents for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/op500305s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Dunetz
- Process
Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerald A. Weisenburger
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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4
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Teoh SK, Sa-ei K, Noorulameen MS, Toh QY, Ng YL, Sharratt PN. Sustainability benefits of a continuous phase transfer catalyzed process for a model pharmaceutical intermediate. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gill RK, Rawal RK, Bariwal J. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of benzothiazoles. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:155-78. [PMID: 25682746 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold having a benzene ring fused with a five-membered thiazole ring. This moiety has attracted considerable attention because of its wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitubercular, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor activity, etc. In the last few years, some novel benzothiazoles have been developed with varied biological activities. To access this scaffold in high yield and to introduce diversity, a variety of new synthetic methods have been invented. In this review, we highlight the development of novel benzothiazoles for various biological activities along with the best synthetic protocols for their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder K Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India; Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bonnert R, Cadogan E, Christie J, Dixon J, Connolly S, Cook A, Fisher A, Flaherty A, Humphries A, Ingall A, Jordan S, Lawson M, Mullen A, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Young A. Discovery of AZD3199, An Inhaled Ultralong Acting β2 Receptor Agonist with Rapid Onset of Action. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:416-21. [PMID: 24900851 DOI: 10.1021/ml4005232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dibasic des-hydroxy β2 receptor agonists has been prepared and evaluated for potential as inhaled ultralong acting bronchodilators. Determination of activities at the human β-adrenoreceptors demonstrated a series of highly potent and selective β2 receptor agonists that were progressed to further study in a guinea pig histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model. Following further assessment by onset studies in guinea pig tracheal rings and human bronchial rings contracted with methacholine (guinea pigs) or carbachol (humans), duration of action studies in guinea pigs after intratracheal (i.t.) administration and further selectivity and safety profiling AZD3199 was shown to have an excellent over all profile and was progressed into clinical evaluation as a new ultralong acting inhaled β2 receptor agonist with rapid onset of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Stocks
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Bailey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Roger Bonnert
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Elaine Cadogan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Jadeen Christie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - John Dixon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Connolly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alice Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alexander Humphries
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Ingall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Jordan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Mandy Lawson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alex Mullen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - David Nicholls
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stuart Paine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Garry Pairaudeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alan Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
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8
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Elmore CS, Powell ME, Xiong H, Wu Y, Wang L, Saunders D, Urbanek RA. Preparation of two D2 partial agonists in C-14 and stable isotope labeled forms. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark E. Powell
- CNS-Chemistry; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Wilmington; DE; 19850; USA
| | | | | | - Lijuan Wang
- IsoSciences, LLC; King of Prussia; PA; 19406; USA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Urbanek
- CNS-Chemistry; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Wilmington; DE; 19850; USA
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9
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Bradley JP, Pickard CJ, Burley JC, Martin DR, Hughes LP, Cosgrove SD, Brown SP. Probing Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Sibenadet Hydrochloride Polymorphs by High-Resolution 1H Double-Quantum Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1821-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Patel B, Firkin CR, Snape EW, Jenkin SL, Brown D, Chaffey JGK, Hopes PA, Reens CD, Butters M, Moseley JD. Process Development and Scale-Up of AZD7545, a PDK Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op2003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Patel
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine R. Firkin
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Evan W. Snape
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley L. Jenkin
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - David Brown
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Julian G. K. Chaffey
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A. Hopes
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Carl D. Reens
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Butters
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Moseley
- Process Research
and Development, Avlon Works, AstraZeneca, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Development Manufacture, R&DCharnwood, AstraZeneca, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
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11
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A perspective on synthetic and solid-form enablement of inhalation candidates. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1679-701. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of compounds by a dry-powder inhaler presents significant challenges to the development and discovery chemist, owing to the stringent requirements placed upon the physical characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the high complexity of the molecules concerned. The current state of synthetic chemistry technology is such that commercial syntheses of these compounds are demanding but achievable. While synthetic chemistry will remain a major component of the development of inhaled therapies, the main challenge facing practitioners in this area is the early identification of a suitable solid form. Further advances in the prediction of solid-form properties would significantly enable this field and may allow triage of molecules to be carried out at the design stage of projects.
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12
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Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bonnert R, Cadogan E, Christie J, Connolly S, Cook A, Fisher A, Flaherty A, Hill S, Humphries A, Ingall A, Jordan S, Lawson M, Mullen A, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, St-Gallay S, Young A. Design driven HtL: The discovery and synthesis of new high efficacy β 2 -agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4027-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Anderson NG, Burdick DC, Reeve MM. Current Practices of Process Validation for Drug Substances and Intermediates. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op1002825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Anderson
- Anderson’s Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, United States, Creative Innovation Partners, 1971 Western Avenue, Albany, New York 12203, United States, and Rib-X Pharmaceuticals Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - David C. Burdick
- Anderson’s Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, United States, Creative Innovation Partners, 1971 Western Avenue, Albany, New York 12203, United States, and Rib-X Pharmaceuticals Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Maxwell M. Reeve
- Anderson’s Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, United States, Creative Innovation Partners, 1971 Western Avenue, Albany, New York 12203, United States, and Rib-X Pharmaceuticals Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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14
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Caron S, Dugger RW, Ruggeri SG, Ragan JA, Ripin DHB. Large-Scale Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Chem Rev 2006; 106:2943-89. [PMID: 16836305 DOI: 10.1021/cr040679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Caron
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
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15
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Carey JS, Laffan D, Thomson C, Williams MT. Analysis of the reactions used for the preparation of drug candidate molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2337-47. [PMID: 16763676 DOI: 10.1039/b602413k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1379] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this perspective is to indicate the range of chemistries used in the manufacture of drug candidate molecules and to highlight certain gaps in current technologies. To do this a survey was carried out of chemical syntheses within the Process Chemistry R&D departments of GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca and Pfizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Carey
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, UK.
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16
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Buchholz M, Heiser U, Schilling S, Niestroj AJ, Zunkel K, Demuth HU. The First Potent Inhibitors for Human Glutaminyl Cyclase: Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2005; 49:664-77. [PMID: 16420052 DOI: 10.1021/jm050756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first effective inhibitors for human glutaminyl cyclase (QC) are described. The structures are developed by applying a ligand-based optimization approach starting from imidazole. Screening of derivatives of that heterocycle led to compounds of the imidazol-1-yl-alkyl thiourea type as a lead scaffold. A library of thiourea derivatives was synthesized, resulting in an inhibitory improvement by 2 orders of magnitude, leading to 1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiourea as a potent inhibitor. Systematic exploitation of the scaffold revealed a strong impact on the inhibitory efficacy and resulted in the development of imidazole-propyl-thioamides as another new class of potent inhibitors. A flexible alignment of the most potent compounds of the thioamide and thiourea class and a QC substrate revealed a good match of characteristic features of the molecules, which suggests a similar binding mode of both inhibitors and the substrate to the active site of QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Buchholz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Probiodrug AG, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
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17
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Martin C, Sandrinelli F, Perrio C, Perrio S, Lasne MC. Oxidation of Aromatic Lithium Thiolates into Sulfinate Salts: An Attractive Entry to Aryl Sulfones Labeled with Carbon-11. J Org Chem 2005; 71:210-4. [PMID: 16388637 DOI: 10.1021/jo051942v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Aromatic 11C-sulfones were synthesized by S alkylation of lithium arenesulfinates, which are readily available from the corresponding thiols by an oxaziridine-mediated oxidation reaction with [11C]alkyl iodides in THF/H2O (4:1) at 150 degrees C. The radiosyntheses, including purification by HPLC, were completed in an average of 35 min from the end of the bombardment with 55-76% overall radiochemical yields (decay corrected). The described procedure extends the range of accessible labeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Martin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (UMR CNRS 6507), ENSICAEN, Université de Caen-Basse Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
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18
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Cosgrove SD, Steele G, Austin TK, Plumb AP, Stensland B, Ferrari E, Roberts KJ. Understanding the Polymorphic Behavior of Sibenadet Hydrochloride through Detailed Studies Integrating Structural and Dynamical Assessment. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2403-15. [PMID: 16200581 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three polymorphs of sibenadet hydrochloride (AR-C68397AA, Viozan) have been shown to exist at ambient temperature and have been characterized. Each undergoes a solid-state transition to a common high temperature form, which melts at approximately 220 degrees C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) indicates that Polymorphs I and II share a similar layered structure not exhibited by Polymorph III. All three ambient temperature polymorphs show evidence of varying degrees of dynamic disorder of the terminal phenyl group as shown by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the carbons alpha to the ether link also undergo different rates of mobility in Polymorphs I and II. This variation in the extent of dynamic disorder results in an alteration in the short-range structure resulting in distinct polymorphs. Polymorph I is the thermodynamically stable form at room temperature as indicated by solution calorimetry and assessment by thermodynamically driven solution mediated phase transition studies. The present study aims to address the types of discriminatory data required to make a clear distinction between physical forms and define, unequivocally, the presence of polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Cosgrove
- Preformulation and Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Research and Development, AstraZeneca R and D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, United Kingdom.
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