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Cordeiro LM, Soares MV, da Silva AF, Dos Santos LV, de Souza LI, da Silveira TL, Baptista FBO, de Oliveira GV, Pappis C, Dressler VL, Arantes LP, Zheng F, Soares FAA. Toxicity of Copper and Zinc alone and in combination in Caenorhabditis elegans model of Huntington's disease and protective effects of rutin. Neurotoxicology 2023:S0161-813X(23)00085-2. [PMID: 37302585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) are required in small concentrations for metabolic functions, but are also toxic. There is a great concern about soil pollution by heavy metals, which may exposure the population to these toxicants, either by inhalation of dust or exposure to toxicants through ingestion of food derived from contaminated soils. In addition, the toxicity of metals in combination is questionable, as soil quality guidelines only assess them separately. It is well known that metal accumulation is often found in the pathologically affected regions of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). HD is caused by an autosomal dominantly inherited CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. This results in the formation of a mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein with an abnormally long polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat. The pathology of HD results in loss of neuronal cells, motor changes, and dementia. Rutin is a flavonoid found in various food sources, and previous studies indicate it has protective effects in HD models and acts as a metal chelator. However, further studies are needed to unravel its effects on metal dyshomeostasis and to discern the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects of long-term exposure to copper, zinc, and their mixture, and the relationship with the progression of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in a C. elegans-based HD model. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of rutin post metal exposure. Overall, we demonstrate that chronic exposure to the metals and their mixture altered body parameters, locomotion, and developmental delay, in addition to increasing polyQ protein aggregates in muscles and neurons causing neurodegeneration. We also propose that rutin has protective effects acting through mechanisms involving antioxidant and chelating properties. Altogether, our data provides new indications about the higher toxicity of metals in combination, the chelating potential of rutin in the C. elegans model of HD and possible strategies for future treatments of neurodegenerative diseases caused by the aggregation of proteins related to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Venturini Dos Santos
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ilha de Souza
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Vitória de Oliveira
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Pappis
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Valderi Luiz Dressler
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia Priscilla Arantes
- State University of Minas Gerais, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Zip code 37900-106, Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Camobi, Zip code 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Kamitsuka PJ, Ghanem MM, Ziar R, McDonald SE, Thomas MG, Kwakye GF. Defective Mitochondrial Dynamics and Protein Degradation Pathways Underlie Cadmium-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cell Death in Huntington's Disease Striatal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087178. [PMID: 37108341 PMCID: PMC10139096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), can induce neurotoxicity and cell death. Cd is abundant in the environment and accumulates in the striatum, the primary brain region selectively affected by Huntington's disease (HD). We have previously reported that mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) combined with chronic Cd exposure induces oxidative stress and promotes metal dyshomeostasis, resulting in cell death in a striatal cell model of HD. To understand the effect of acute Cd exposure on mitochondrial health and protein degradation pathways, we hypothesized that expression of mHTT coupled with acute Cd exposure would cooperatively alter mitochondrial bioenergetics and protein degradation mechanisms in striatal STHdh cells to reveal novel pathways that augment Cd cytotoxicity and HD pathogenicity. We report that mHTT cells are significantly more susceptible to acute Cd-induced cell death as early as 6 h after 40 µM CdCl2 exposure compared with wild-type (WT). Confocal microscopy, biochemical assays, and immunoblotting analysis revealed that mHTT and acute Cd exposure synergistically impair mitochondrial bioenergetics by reducing mitochondrial potential and cellular ATP levels and down-regulating the essential pro-fusion proteins MFN1 and MFN2. These pathogenic effects triggered cell death. Furthermore, Cd exposure increases the expression of autophagic markers, such as p62, LC3, and ATG5, and reduces the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to promote neurodegeneration in HD striatal cells. Overall, these results reveal a novel mechanism to further establish Cd as a pathogenic neuromodulator in striatal HD cells via Cd-triggered neurotoxicity and cell death mediated by an impairment in mitochondrial bioenergetics and autophagy with subsequent alteration in protein degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kamitsuka
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Marwan M Ghanem
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Rania Ziar
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Sarah E McDonald
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Morgan G Thomas
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Gunnar F Kwakye
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
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Dietary Plant Polyphenols as the Potential Drugs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Evidence, Advances, and Opportunities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5288698. [PMID: 35237381 PMCID: PMC8885204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5288698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD), are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases have been studied intensively, the mechanism is still in its infancy. In general, most neurodegenerative diseases share common molecular mechanisms, and multiple risks interact and promote the pathologic process of neurogenerative diseases. At present, most of the approved drugs only alleviate the clinical symptoms but fail to cure neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that dietary plant polyphenols are safe and exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, low bioavailability is the biggest obstacle for polyphenol that largely limits its adoption from evidence into clinical practice. In this review, we summarized the widely recognized mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as misfolded proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the neuroprotective effect of the most widely reported dietary plant polyphenols. Moreover, we discussed the current clinical study and application of polyphenols and the factors that result in low bioavailability, such as poor stability and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the future, the improvement of absorption and stability, modification of structure and formulation, and the combination therapy will provide more opportunities from the laboratory into the clinic for polyphenols. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches on natural dietary polyphenols in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Martins AC, Gubert P, Villas Boas GR, Paes MM, Santamaría A, Lee E, Tinkov AA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese-induced neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1109-1121. [PMID: 32799578 PMCID: PMC7657997 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1807330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion disease represent important public health concerns. Exposure to high levels of heavy metals such as manganese (Mn) may contribute to their development. AREAS COVERED In this critical review, we address the role of Mn in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases and discuss emerging treatments of Mn overload, such as chelation therapy. In addition, we discuss natural and synthetic compounds under development as prospective therapeutics. Moreover, bioinformatic approaches to identify new potential targets and therapeutic substances to reverse the neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Here, the authors highlight the importance of better understanding the molecular mechanisms of toxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of Mn in these diseases. Additional emphasis should be directed to the discovery of new agents to treat Mn-induced diseases, since present day chelator therapies have limited bioavailability. Furthermore, the authors encourage the scientific community to develop research using libraries of compounds to screen those compounds that show efficacy in regulating brain Mn levels. In addition, bioinformatics may provide novel insight for pathways and clinical treatments associated with Mn-induced neurodegeneration, leading to a new direction in Mn toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, LIKA, Federal, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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A Progressive Loss of phosphoSer138-Profilin Aligns with Symptomatic Course in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease: Possible Sex-Dependent Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:871-888. [PMID: 33108594 PMCID: PMC8891113 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease (HD) carries several copies of exon1 of the huntingtin gene that contains a highly pathogenic 120 CAG-repeat expansion. We used kinome analysis to screen for kinase activity patterns in neural tissues from wildtype (WT) and R6/2 mice at a pre-symptomatic (e.g., embryonic) and symptomatic (e.g., between 3 and 10 weeks postnatal) time points. We identified changes in several signaling cascades, for example, the Akt/FoxO3/CDK2, mTOR/ULK1, and RAF/MEK/CREB pathways. We also identified the Rho-Rac GTPase cascade that contributes to cytoskeleton organization through modulation of the actin-binding proteins, cofilin and profilin. Immunoblotting revealed higher levels of phosphoSer138-profilin in embryonic R6/2 mouse samples (cf. WT mice) that diminish progressively and significantly over the postnatal, symptomatic course of the disease. We detected sex- and genotype-dependent patterns in the phosphorylation of actin-regulators such a ROCK2, PAK, LIMK1, cofilin, and SSH1L, yet none of these aligned consistently with the changing levels of phosphoSer138-profilin. This could be reflecting an imbalance in the sequential influences these regulators are known to exert on actin signaling. The translational potential of these observations was inferred from preliminary observations of changes in LIMK-cofilin signaling and loss of neurite integrity in neural stem cells derived from an HD patient (versus a healthy control). Our observations suggest that a pre-symptomatic, neurodevelopmental onset of change in the phosphorylation of Ser138-profilin, potentially downstream of distinct signaling changes in male and female mice, could be contributing to cytoskeletal phenotypes in the R6/2 mouse model of HD pathology.
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Skotte NH, Andersen JV, Santos A, Aldana BI, Willert CW, Nørremølle A, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen ML. Integrative Characterization of the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease Reveals Dysfunctional Astrocyte Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2211-2224. [PMID: 29768217 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, where dysfunction and loss of striatal and cortical neurons are central to the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we integrated quantitative studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind HD pathology in a systems-wide manner. To this end, we used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry to establish a spatial brain proteome from late-stage R6/2 mice and compared this with wild-type littermates. We observed altered expression of proteins in pathways related to energy metabolism, synapse function, and neurotransmitter homeostasis. To support these findings, metabolic 13C labeling studies confirmed a compromised astrocytic metabolism and regulation of glutamate-GABA-glutamine cycling, resulting in impaired release of glutamine and GABA synthesis. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the role of astrocytes in HD, and our data support that therapeutic strategies to improve astrocytic glutamine homeostasis may help ameliorate symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels H Skotte
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie W Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Creus-Muncunill J, Ehrlich ME. Cell-Autonomous and Non-cell-Autonomous Pathogenic Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:957-978. [PMID: 31529216 PMCID: PMC6985401 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expansion in the trinucleotide CAG repeat in exon-1 in the huntingtin gene, located on chromosome 4. When the number of trinucleotide CAG exceeds 40 repeats, disease invariably is manifested, characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The huntingtin (Htt) protein and its mutant form (mutant huntingtin, mHtt) are ubiquitously expressed but although multiple brain regions are affected, the most vulnerable brain region is the striatum. Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) preferentially degenerate, followed by the cortical pyramidal neurons located in layers V and VI. Proposed HD pathogenic mechanisms include, but are not restricted to, excitotoxicity, neurotrophic support deficits, collapse of the protein degradation mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional alterations, and disorders of myelin. Studies performed in cell type-specific and regionally selective HD mouse models implicate both MSN cell-autonomous properties and cell-cell interactions, particularly corticostriatal but also with non-neuronal cell types. Here, we review the intrinsic properties of MSNs that contribute to their selective vulnerability and in addition, we discuss how astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, together with aberrant corticostriatal connectivity, contribute to HD pathophysiology. In addition, mHtt causes cell-autonomous dysfunction in cell types other than MSNs. These findings have implications in terms of therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing neuronal dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Dominah GA, McMinimy RA, Kallon S, Kwakye GF. Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos caused NADPH oxidase mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in a striatal cell model of Huntington's disease. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:54-69. [PMID: 28300621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that expression of mutant Huntingtin (HTT) would modulate the neurotoxicity of the commonly used organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), revealing cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Using a mouse striatal cell model of HD, we report that mutant HD cells are more susceptible to CPF-induced cytotoxicity as compared to wild-type. This CPF-induced cytotoxicity caused increased production of reactive oxygen species, reduced glutathione levels, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, and increased malondialdehyde levels in mutant HD cells relative to wild-type. Furthermore, we show that co-treatment with antioxidant agents attenuated the CPF-induced ROS levels and cytotoxicity. Co-treatment with a NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, apocynin, also attenuated the CPF-induced ROS production and neurotoxicity. CPF caused increased NOX activity in mutant HD lines that was ameliorated following co-treatment with apocynin. Finally, CPF-induced neurotoxicity significantly increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in mutant HD cells as compared to wild-type. This study is the first report of CPF-induced toxicity in HD pathophysiology and suggests that mutant HTT and CPF exhibit a disease-toxicant interaction wherein expression of mutant HTT enhances CPF-induced neurotoxicity via a NOX-mediated oxidative stress mechanism to cause neuronal loss in the full length HTT expressing striatal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sallay Kallon
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
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9
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Bichell TJV, Wegrzynowicz M, Tipps KG, Bradley EM, Uhouse MA, Bryan M, Horning K, Fisher N, Dudek K, Halbesma T, Umashanker P, Stubbs AD, Holt HK, Kwakye GF, Tidball AM, Colbran RJ, Aschner M, Neely MD, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Osmand A, Bowman AB. Reduced bioavailable manganese causes striatal urea cycle pathology in Huntington's disease mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1596-1604. [PMID: 28213125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT), resulting in profound striatal neurodegeneration through an unknown mechanism. Perturbations in the urea cycle have been reported in HD models and in HD patient blood and brain. In neurons, arginase is a central urea cycle enzyme, and the metal manganese (Mn) is an essential cofactor. Deficient biological responses to Mn, and reduced Mn accumulation have been observed in HD striatal mouse and cell models. Here we report in vivo and ex vivo evidence of a urea cycle metabolic phenotype in a prodromal HD mouse model. Further, either in vivo or in vitro Mn supplementation reverses the urea-cycle pathology by restoring arginase activity. We show that Arginase 2 (ARG2) is the arginase enzyme present in these mouse brain models, with ARG2 protein levels directly increased by Mn exposure. ARG2 protein is not reduced in the prodromal stage, though enzyme activity is reduced, indicating that altered Mn bioavailability as a cofactor leads to the deficient enzymatic activity. These data support a hypothesis that mutant HTT leads to a selective deficiency of neuronal Mn at an early disease stage, contributing to HD striatal urea-cycle pathophysiology through an effect on arginase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Jo V Bichell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, VU
| | - Michal Wegrzynowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K Grace Tipps
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma M Bradley
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael A Uhouse
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miles Bryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, VU
| | - Kyle Horning
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, VU
| | - Nicole Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karrie Dudek
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Halbesma
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Preethi Umashanker
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew D Stubbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hunter K Holt
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gunnar F Kwakye
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew M Tidball
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, VU
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vittorio Maglione
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Alexander Osmand
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University (VU), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, VU.
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10
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Ratovitski T, Chaerkady R, Kammers K, Stewart JC, Zavala A, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Rudnicki DD, Margolis RL, Cole RN, Ross CA. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Similarities between Huntington's Disease (HD) and Huntington's Disease-Like 2 (HDL2) Human Brains. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3266-83. [PMID: 27486686 PMCID: PMC5555151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of HD and HDL2, similar progressive neurodegenerative disorders caused by expansion mutations, remains incompletely understood. No systematic quantitative proteomics studies, assessing global changes in HD or HDL2 human brain, were reported. To address this deficit, we used a stable isotope labeling-based approach to quantify the changes in protein abundances in the cortex of 12 HD and 12 control cases and, separately, of 6 HDL2 and 6 control cases. The quality of the tissues was assessed to minimize variability due to post mortem autolysis. We applied a robust median sweep algorithm to quantify protein abundance and performed statistical inference using moderated test statistics. 1211 proteins showed statistically significant fold changes between HD and control tissues; the differences in selected proteins were verified by Western blotting. Differentially abundant proteins were enriched in cellular pathways previously implicated in HD, including Rho-mediated, actin cytoskeleton and integrin signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, endocytosis, axonal guidance, DNA/RNA processing, and protein transport. The abundance of 717 proteins significantly differed between control and HDL2 brain. Comparative analysis of the disease-associated changes in the HD and HDL2 proteomes revealed that similar pathways were altered, suggesting the commonality of pathogenesis between the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ratovitski
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway Street, Suite 371 BRB, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kai Kammers
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jacqueline C. Stewart
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anialak Zavala
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Dobrila D. Rudnicki
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Russell L. Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway Street, Suite 371 BRB, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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11
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Abstract
The understanding of manganese (Mn) biology, in particular its cellular regulation and role in neurological disease, is an area of expanding interest. Mn is an essential micronutrient that is required for the activity of a diverse set of enzymatic proteins (e.g., arginase and glutamine synthase). Although necessary for life, Mn is toxic in excess. Thus, maintaining appropriate levels of intracellular Mn is critical. Unlike other essential metals, cell-level homeostatic mechanisms of Mn have not been identified. In this review, we discuss common forms of Mn exposure, absorption, and transport via regulated uptake/exchange at the gut and blood-brain barrier and via biliary excretion. We present the current understanding of cellular uptake and efflux as well as subcellular storage and transport of Mn. In addition, we highlight the Mn-dependent and Mn-responsive pathways implicated in the growing evidence of its role in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. We conclude with suggestions for future focuses of Mn health-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Horning
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; , ,
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12
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Wegrzynowicz M, Bichell TJ, Soares BD, Loth MK, McGlothan JL, Alikhan FS, Hua K, Coughlin JM, Holt HK, Jetter CS, Mori S, Pomper MG, Osmand AP, Guilarte TR, Bowman AB. Novel BAC Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease with 225 CAG Repeats Exhibits an Early Widespread and Stable Degenerative Phenotype. J Huntingtons Dis 2015; 4:17-36. [PMID: 26333255 PMCID: PMC4657874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unusually large CAG repeat expansions (>60) in exon one of Huntingtin (HTT) are invariably associated with a juvenile-onset form of Huntington's disease (HD), characterized by a more extensive and rapidly progressing neuropathology than the more prevalent adult-onset form. However, existing mouse models of HD that express the full-length Htt gene with CAG repeat lengths associated with juvenile HD (ranging between ~75 to ~150 repeats in published models) exhibit selective neurodegenerative phenotypes more consistent with adult-onset HD. Objective: To determine if a very large CAG repeat (>200) in full-length Htt elicits neurodegenerative phenotypes consistent with juvenile HD. METHODS Using a …bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system, we generated mice expressing full-length mouse Htt with ~225 CAG repeats under control of the mouse Htt promoter. Mice were characterized using behavioral, neuropathological, biochemical and brain imaging methods. RESULTS BAC-225Q mice exhibit phenotypes consistent with a subset of features seen in juvenile-onset HD: very early motor behavior abnormalities, reduced body weight, widespread and progressive increase in Htt aggregates, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Early striatal pathology was observed, including reactive gliosis and loss of dopamine receptors, prior to detectable volume loss. HD-related blood markers of impaired energy metabolism and systemic inflammation were also increased. Aside from an age-dependent progression of diffuse nuclear aggregates at 6 months of age to abundant neuropil aggregates at 12 months of age, other pathological and motor phenotypes showed little to no progression. CONCLUSIONS The HD phenotypes present in animals 3 to 12 months of age make the BAC-225Q mice a unique and stable model of full-length mutant Htt associated phenotypes, including body weight loss, behavioral impairment and HD-like neurodegenerative phenotypes characteristic of juvenile-onset HD and/or late-stage adult-onset HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wegrzynowicz
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt University Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Terry Jo Bichell
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt University Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Barbara D. Soares
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Meredith K. Loth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jennifer L. McGlothan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Fatima S. Alikhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kegang Hua
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Hunter K. Holt
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Christopher S. Jetter
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Alexander P. Osmand
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Tomás R. Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt University Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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13
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Fernández-Irigoyen J, Zelaya MV, Tuñon T, Santamaría E. Anatomo-proteomic characterization of human basal ganglia: focus on striatum and globus pallidus. Mol Brain 2014; 7:83. [PMID: 25406675 PMCID: PMC4236423 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basal ganglia (BG) are a complex network of subcortical nuclei involved in the coordination and integration of the motor activity. Although these independent anatomical structures are functionally related, the proteome present in each isolated nucleus remains largely unexplored. In order to analyse the BG proteome in a large-scale format, we used a multi-dimensional fractionation approach which combines isolation of anatomically-defined nuclei, and protein/peptide chromatographic fractionation strategies coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using this workflow, we have obtained a proteomic expression profile across striatum and globus pallidus structures among which 1681 proteins were located in caudate nucleus (CN), 1329 in putamen, 1419 in medial globus pallidus (GPi), and 1480 in lateral globus pallidus (GPe), establishing a BG reference proteome to a depth of 2979 unique proteins. Protein interactome mapping highlighted significant clustering of common proteins in striatal and pallidal structures, contributing to oxidative phosphorylation, protein degradation and neurotrophin signalling pathways. In silico analyses emphasized specific pathways represented in striatal and pallidal structures highlighting 5-hydroxytryptamine degradation, synaptic vesicle trafficking, and dopamine, metabotropic glutamate and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor pathways. Additional bioinformatic analyses also revealed that: i) nearly 4% of identified proteins have been previously associated to neurodegenerative syndromes, ii) 11% of protein set tends to localize to synaptic terminal, and iii) 20% of identified proteins were also localized in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the anatomo-proteomic profiling of BG complements the anatomical atlas of the human brain transcriptome, increasing our knowledge about the molecular basis of the BG and the etiology of the movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- />Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Proteomics Unit, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Victoria Zelaya
- />Neurological Tissue Bank, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Tuñon
- />Pathological Anatomy Department, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- />Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Proteomics Unit, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Stansfield KH, Bichell TJ, Bowman AB, Guilarte TR. BDNF and Huntingtin protein modifications by manganese: implications for striatal medium spiny neuron pathology in manganese neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2014; 131:655-66. [PMID: 25099302 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High levels of manganese (Mn) exposure decrease striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) dendritic length and spine density, but the mechanism(s) are not known. The Huntingtin (HTT) gene has been functionally linked to cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) support of striatal MSNs via phosphorylation at serine 421. In Huntington's disease, pathogenic CAG repeat expansions of HTT decrease synthesis and disrupt transport of cortical-striatal BDNF, which may contribute to disease, and Mn is a putative environmental modifier of Huntington's disease pathology. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that changes in MSN dendritic morphology Mn due to exposure are associated with decreased BDNF levels and alterations in Htt protein. We report that BDNF levels are decreased in the striatum of Mn-exposed non-human primates and in the cerebral cortex and striatum of mice exposed to Mn. Furthermore, proBDNF and mature BDNF concentrations in primary cortical and hippocampal neuron cultures were decreased by exposure to Mn confirming the in vivo findings. Mn exposure decreased serine 421 phosphorylation of Htt in cortical and hippocampal neurons and increased total Htt levels. These data strongly support the hypothesis that Mn-exposure-related MSN pathology is associated with decreased BDNF trophic support via alterations in Htt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie H Stansfield
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Huntington disease arises from a combinatory toxicity of polyglutamine and copper binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:14995-5000. [PMID: 23980182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308535110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by dominant polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion within the N terminus of huntingtin (Htt) protein. Abnormal metal accumulation in the striatum of HD patients has been reported for many years, but a causative relationship has not yet been established. Furthermore, if metal is indeed involved in HD, the underlying mechanism needs to be explored. Here using a Drosophila model of HD, wherein Htt exon1 with expanded polyQ (Htt exon1-polyQ) is introduced, we show that altered expression of genes involved in copper metabolism significantly modulates the HD progression. Intervention of dietary copper levels also modifies HD phenotypes in the fly. Copper reduction to a large extent decreases the level of oligomerized and aggregated Htt. Strikingly, substitution of two potential copper-binding residues of Htt, Met8 and His82, completely dissociates the copper-intensifying toxicity of Htt exon1-polyQ. Our results therefore indicate HD entails two levels of toxicity: the copper-facilitated protein aggregation as conferred by a direct copper binding in the exon1 and the copper-independent polyQ toxicity. The existence of these two parallel pathways converging into Htt toxicity also suggests that an ideal HD therapy would be a multipronged approach that takes both these actions into consideration.
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16
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Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M, Aschner M. Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle. J Intern Med 2013; 273:466-77. [PMID: 23360507 PMCID: PMC3633698 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is required for maintaining proper function and regulation of numerous biochemical and cellular reactions. Despite its essentiality, at excessive levels Mn is toxic to the central nervous system (CNS). Increased accumulation of Mn in specific brain regions, such as the substantia nigra, globus pallidus and striatum, triggers neurotoxicity resulting in a neurological brain disorder, termed manganism. Mn has been also implicated in the pathophysiology of several other neurodegenerative diseases. Its toxicity is associated with disruption of the glutamine (Gln)/glutamate (Glu)-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cycle (GGC) between astrocytes and neurons, thus leading to changes in Glu-ergic and/or GABAergic transmission and Gln metabolism. Here we discuss the common mechanisms underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity and their relationship to CNS pathology and GGC impairment.
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17
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Abstract
Manganese is an important metal for human health, being absolutely necessary for development, metabolism, and the antioxidant system. Nevertheless, excessive exposure or intake may lead to a condition known as manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder that causes dopaminergic neuronal death and parkinsonian-like symptoms. Hence, Mn has a paradoxal effect in animals, a Janus-faced metal. Extensive work has been carried out to understand Mn-induced neurotoxicity and to find an effective treatment. This review focuses on the requirement for Mn in human health as well as the diseases associated with excessive exposure to this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Silva Avila
- Biochemistry Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
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18
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Jellinger KA. The relevance of metals in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, pathological considerations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 110:1-47. [PMID: 24209432 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410502-7.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are featured by a variety of pathological conditions that share similar critical processes, such as oxidative stress, free radical activity, proteinaceous aggregations, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and energy failure. They are mediated or triggered by an imbalance of metal ions leading to changes of critical biological systems and initiating a cascade of events finally leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. Their causes are multifactorial, and although the source of the shift in oxidative homeostasis is still unclear, current evidence points to changes in the balance of redox transition metals, especially iron, copper, and other trace metals. They are present at elevated levels in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multisystem atrophy, etc., while in other neurodegenerative disorders, copper, zinc, aluminum, and manganese are involved. This chapter will review the recent advances of the role of metals in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the use of chelating agents as potential therapies for metal-related disorders.
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19
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Deshmukh RS, Chaudhary RK, Roy I. Effect of pesticides on the aggregation of mutant huntingtin protein. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:405-14. [PMID: 22415443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The classical reports on neurodegeneration concentrate on studying disruption of signalling cascades. Although it is now well recognized that misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins are associated with a majority of these diseases, their role in aggravating the symptoms is not so well understood. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from damage to complex II of mitochondria. In this work, we have studied the effect of mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, viz. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and rotenone, and complex II inhibitor, viz. 3-nitropropionic acid, on the aggregation of mutant huntingtin (mthtt) protein, whose misfolding and aggregation results in cellular abnormalities characteristic of HD. All three inhibitors were found to accelerate the aggregation of mthtt in vitro, although the amounts of aggregates formed were different in all cases. Thus, apart from their effect on mitochondrial viability, these neurotoxins are capable of interfering with the protein aggregation process and thus, hastening the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi S Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
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