1
|
Pan S, Zhang Y, Ye T, Kong Y, Cui X, Yuan S, Liu J, Zhang Y. A High-Tryptophan Diet Alleviated Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Mice through Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor via the Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300601. [PMID: 38031265 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of the regulation of gut microbiota by dietary components on AD remains unknown. Thus, the study explored that a high-tryptophan (Trp) diet alleviates cognitive impairment by regulating microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Male APP/PS1 mice are fed 0.5% Trp diet for 4 weeks, and then cognitive function, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines production, and gut microbiota are detected. Moreover, the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and NF-κB pathway related protein are determined. The results show that high-Trp diet significantly alleviates cognitive impairment and Aβ deposits. Moreover, high-Trp diet significantly inhibits activation of microglia, decreases the level of cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), and restrains the activation markers of microglia, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Notably, high-Trp diet significantly activates AhR, inhibits the phosphorylation of p65, and improves microbiota dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that high-Trp diet exerts anti-inflammatory effects via upregulating AhR and suppressing NF-κB pathway, and its mechanisms may be mediated by regulating gut microbiota, suggesting that Trp diet may be a potential strategy for AD intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sipei Pan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaorui Cui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shushu Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva Beraldo IJ, Prates Rodrigues M, Polanczyk RS, Verano-Braga T, Lopes-Aguiar C. Proteomic-Based Studies on Memory Formation in Normal and Neurodegenerative Disease-Affected Brains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:129-158. [PMID: 38409419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A critical aspect of cognition is the ability to acquire, consolidate, and evoke memories, which is considerably impaired by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These mnemonic processes are dependent on signaling cascades, which involve protein expression and degradation. Recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has opened a range of possibilities for the study of memory formation and impairment, making it possible to research protein systems not studied before. However, in the context of synaptic proteome related to learning processes and memory formation, a deeper understanding of the synaptic proteome temporal dynamics after induction of synaptic plasticity and the molecular changes underlying the cognitive deficits seen in neurodegenerative diseases is needed. This review analyzes the applications of proteomics for understanding memory processes in both normal and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the most critical experimental studies have been summarized using the PANTHER overrepresentation test. Finally, limitations associated with investigations of memory studies in physiological and neurodegenerative disorders have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikaro Jesus da Silva Beraldo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus Prates Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Schuttenberg Polanczyk
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Núcleo de Proteômica Funcional (NPF), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Acute toxic effects of new synthetic cannabinoid on brain: Neurobehavioral and Histological: Preclinical studies. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 370:110306. [PMID: 36528081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The psychoactive effects of new synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), MDMB-4en-PINACA, are being marketed as a blend of herbs and spices. This study aims to determine the behavioral, neurochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical alterations associated with the acute toxicity of MDMB-4en-PINACA compounds. METHODS Adult male albino rats were administered various toxic doses of the drug (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg), and behavioral studies were conducted 2 and 24 h later; animals were then sacrificed. Histopathological and neurochemical examinations were performed. Two hours after intraperitoneal. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of MDMB-4en-PINACA, horizontal movement, the number of stops, and mobility ratio were significantly impaired, along with coordination and balance. In addition, it led to a decline in spatial learning and memory, and neurotransmitter concentrations decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Further examination of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus histopathology revealed pathological degeneration of small pyramidal cells. CONCLUSION Thus, these findings revealed that MDMB-4en-PINACA interferes with hippocampal function and impairs cognitive performance, highlighting the cognitive risk associated with SC abuse.
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu L, Zhou Y, Hu L, Jiang H, Dong Y, Shen H, Lou Z, Yang S, Ji Y, Ruan L, Zhang X. Deficits in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Function and Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal CA1 in APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772980. [PMID: 34916926 PMCID: PMC8669806 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a critical molecule for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Impaired synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the neuropathophysiological alterations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 in transgenic rodent models of AD are still unclear. In the present study, APP/PS1 mice were utilized as a transgenic model of AD, which exhibited progressive cognitive impairment including defective working memory, recognition memory, and spatial memory starting at 6 months of age and more severe by 8 months of age. We found an impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and reduced NMDAR-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in the hippocampal CA1 of APP/PS1 mice with 8 months of age. Golgi staining revealed that dendrites of pyramidal neurons had shorter length, fewer intersections, and lower spine density in APP/PS1 mice compared to control mice. Further, the reduced expression levels of NMDAR subunits, PSD95 and SNAP25 were observed in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. These results suggest that NMDAR dysfunction, impaired synaptic plasticity, and disrupted neuronal morphology constitute an important part of the neuropathophysiological alterations associated with cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Linbo Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongde Jiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibei Dong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongze Lou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunxin Ji
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liemin Ruan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bai N, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu B, Yang F, Brann D, Wang R. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor activation upregulates interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia: implications for neuronal self-defense. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:45. [PMID: 32007102 PMCID: PMC6995076 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) is a novel membrane-associated estrogen receptor that can induce rapid kinase signaling in various cells. Activation of GPER can prevent hippocampal neuronal cell death following transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI), although the mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we sought to address whether GPER activation exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in the rat hippocampus after GCI as a potential mechanism to limit neuronal cell death. METHODS GCI was induced by four-vessel occlusion in ovariectomized female SD rats. Specific agonist G1 or antagonist G36 of GPER was administrated using minipump, and antisense oligonucleotide (AS) of interleukin-1β receptor antagonist (IL1RA) was administrated using brain infusion kit. Protein expression of IL1RA, NF-κB-P65, phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB), Bcl2, cleaved caspase 3, and microglial markers Iba1, CD11b, as well as inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase 1, and Cle-IL1β in the hippocampal CA1 region were investigated by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis. The Duolink II in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed to detect the interaction between NLRP3 and ASC. Immunofluorescent staining for NeuN and TUNEL analysis were used to analyze neuronal survival and apoptosis, respectively. We performed Barnes maze and Novel object tests to compare the cognitive function of the rats. RESULTS The results showed that G1 attenuated GCI-induced elevation of Iba1 and CD11b in the hippocampal CA1 region at 14 days of reperfusion, and this effect was blocked by G36. G1 treatment also markedly decreased expression of the NLRP3-ASC-caspase 1 inflammasome and IL1β activation, as well as downstream NF-κB signaling, the effects reversed by G36 administration. Intriguingly, G1 caused a robust elevation in neurons of a well-known endogenous anti-inflammatory factor IL1RA, which was reversed by G36 treatment. G1 also enhanced p-CREB level in the hippocampus, a transcription factor known to enhance expression of IL1RA. Finally, in vivo IL1RA-AS abolished the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects of G1 after GCI and reversed the cognitive-enhancing effects of G1 at 14 days after GCI. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the current results suggest that GPER preserves cognitive function following GCI in part by exerting anti-inflammatory effects and enhancing the defense mechanism of neurons by upregulating IL1RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bai
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Bin Liu
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei China
| | - Fang Yang
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Darrell Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
- Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Disorder in Tangshan, North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mukilan M, Rajathei DM, Jeyaraj E, Kayalvizhi N, Rajan KE. MiR-132 regulated olfactory bulb proteins linked to olfactory learning in greater short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. Gene 2018; 671:10-20. [PMID: 29859284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we showed that micro RNA-132 (miR-132) regulate the immediate early genes (IEGs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) of fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx during olfactory learning. This study was designed to examine whether the miR-132 regulate other proteins in OB during olfactory learning. To test this, miR-132 anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) was delivered to the OB and then trained to novel odor. The 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that inhibition of miR-132 altered olfactory training induced expression of 321 proteins. Further, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis reveals the identity of differently expressed proteins such as phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing protein (PRTFDC 1), Sorting nexin-8 (SNX8), Creatine kinase B-type (CKB) and Annexin A11 (ANX A11). Among them PRTFDC 1 showing 189 matching peptides with highest sequence coverage (67.0%) and protein-protein interaction analysis showed that PRTFDC 1 is a homolog of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (HPRT-1). Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) showed that inhibition of miR-132 down-regulated HPRT expression in OB of C. sphinx. In addition, western blot analysis depicts that HPRT, serotonin transporter (SERT), N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptors (2A,B) were down-regulated, but not altered in OB of non-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (NS-ODN) infused groups. These analyses suggest that miR-132 regulates the process of olfactory learning and memory formation through SERT and NMDA receptors signalling, which is possibly associated with the PRTFDC1-HPRT interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Mukilan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - David Mary Rajathei
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Edwin Jeyaraj
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brain STAT5 signaling modulates learning and memory formation. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2229-2241. [PMID: 29460051 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a transcription factor recruited by numerous cytokines. STAT5 is important for several physiological functions, including body and tissue growth, mammary gland development, immune system and lipid metabolism. However, the role of STAT5 signaling for brain functions is still poorly investigated, especially regarding cognitive aspects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether brain STAT5 signaling modulates learning and memory formation. For this purpose, brain-specific STAT5 knockout (STAT5 KO) mice were studied in well-established memory tests. Initially, we confirmed a robust reduction in STAT5a and STAT5b mRNA levels in different brain structures of STAT5 KO mice. STAT5 KO mice showed no significant alterations in metabolism, growth, somatotropic axis and spontaneous locomotor activity. In contrast, brain-specific STAT5 ablation impaired learning and memory formation in the novel object recognition, Barnes maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. To unravel possible mechanisms that might underlie the memory deficits of STAT5 KO mice, we assessed neurogenesis in the hippocampus, but no significant differences were observed between groups. On the other hand, reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression was found in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of STAT5 KO mice. These findings collectively indicate that brain STAT5 signaling is required to attain normal learning and memory. Therefore, STAT5 is an important downstream cellular mechanism shared by several cytokines to regulate cognitive functions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Wu F, Wen M, Yanagita T, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. The Protective Effect of Antarctic Krill Oil on Cognitive Function by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mouse Strain 8 (SAMP8) Mice. J Food Sci 2018; 83:543-551. [PMID: 29350764 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and oxidative stress plays a vital role in its progression. Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which has various biological activities, such as improving insulin sensitivity, alleviating inflammation and ameliorating oxidative stress. In this study, the protective effect of AKO against AD were investigated in senescence-accelerated prone mouse strain 8 (SAMP8) mice. Results showed that treatment with AKO could effectively ameliorate learning and memory deficits and ease the anxiety in SAMP8 mice by Morris water maze, Barnes maze test and open-field test. Further analysis indicated that AKO might reduce β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in hippocampus through decreasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G), increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the brain of SAMP8 mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The results of Morris water maze, Barnes maze test and open-field test indicated that Antarctic krill oil (AKO) improved the cognitive function and anxiety of SAMP8 mice. AKO reduced the Aβ42 level in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. AKO ameliorated oxidative stress in brain rather than in serum and liver of SAMP8 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Coll. of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Wu
- Coll. of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Min Wen
- Coll. of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.,Inst. of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng Univ., Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Dept. of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu Univ., Kanzaki, Japan
| | - Changhu Xue
- Coll. of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.,Qingdao National Lab. for Marine Science and Technology, Lab. of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Coll. of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Coll. of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.,Qingdao National Lab. for Marine Science and Technology, Lab. of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pontes AH, de Sousa MV. Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches to Understand the Molecular Basis of Memory. Front Chem 2016; 4:40. [PMID: 27790611 PMCID: PMC5064248 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is responsible for an array of cognitive functions such as memory, learning, language, and attention. These processes tend to take place in distinct brain regions; yet, they need to be integrated to give rise to adaptive or meaningful behavior. Since cognitive processes result from underlying cellular and molecular changes, genomics and transcriptomics assays have been applied to human and animal models to understand such events. Nevertheless, genes and RNAs are not the end products of most biological functions. In order to gain further insights toward the understanding of brain processes, the field of proteomics has been of increasing importance in the past years. Advancements in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have enabled the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins with high accuracy and sensitivity, fostering a revolution in the neurosciences. Herein, we review the molecular bases of explicit memory in the hippocampus. We outline the principles of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, highlighting the use of this analytical tool to study memory formation. In addition, we discuss MS-based targeted approaches as the future of protein analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H Pontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kähne T, Richter S, Kolodziej A, Smalla KH, Pielot R, Engler A, Ohl FW, Dieterich DC, Seidenbecher C, Tischmeyer W, Naumann M, Gundelfinger ED. Proteome rearrangements after auditory learning: high-resolution profiling of synapse-enriched protein fractions from mouse brain. J Neurochem 2016; 138:124-38. [PMID: 27062398 PMCID: PMC5089584 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory processes are accompanied by rearrangements of synaptic protein networks. While various studies have demonstrated the regulation of individual synaptic proteins during these processes, much less is known about the complex regulation of synaptic proteomes. Recently, we reported that auditory discrimination learning in mice is associated with a relative down-regulation of proteins involved in the structural organization of synapses in various brain regions. Aiming at the identification of biological processes and signaling pathways involved in auditory memory formation, here, a label-free quantification approach was utilized to identify regulated synaptic junctional proteins and phosphoproteins in the auditory cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of mice 24 h after the learning experiment. Twenty proteins, including postsynaptic scaffolds, actin-remodeling proteins, and RNA-binding proteins, were regulated in at least three brain regions pointing to common, cross-regional mechanisms. Most of the detected synaptic proteome changes were, however, restricted to individual brain regions. For example, several members of the Septin family of cytoskeletal proteins were up-regulated only in the hippocampus, while Septin-9 was down-regulated in the hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and the striatum. Meta analyses utilizing several databases were employed to identify underlying cellular functions and biological pathways. Data are available via ProteomeExchange with identifier PXD003089. How does the protein composition of synapses change in different brain areas upon auditory learning? We unravel discrete proteome changes in mouse auditory cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum functionally implicated in the learning process. We identify not only common but also area-specific biological pathways and cellular processes modulated 24 h after training, indicating individual contributions of the regions to memory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Richter
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angela Kolodziej
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Smalla
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pielot
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank W Ohl
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tischmeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dieterich DC, Kreutz MR. Proteomics of the Synapse--A Quantitative Approach to Neuronal Plasticity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:368-81. [PMID: 26307175 PMCID: PMC4739661 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r115.051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in mass spectrometry based proteomics in the past 15 years have contributed to a deeper appreciation of protein networks and the composition of functional synaptic protein complexes. However, research on protein dynamics underlying core mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in brain lag far behind. In this review, we provide a synopsis on proteomic research addressing various aspects of synaptic function. We discuss the major topics in the study of protein dynamics of the chemical synapse and the limitations of current methodology. We highlight recent developments and the future importance of multidimensional proteomics and metabolic labeling. Finally, emphasis is given on the conceptual framework of modern proteomics and its current shortcomings in the quest to gain a deeper understanding of synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Dieterich
- From the ‡Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group Neuralomics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany; ¶Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- §RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; ¶Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A comparison of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of quinuclidinyl benzilate-induced behavioural deficit in rats performing the multiple T-maze. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Li L, Csaszar E, Szodorai E, Patil S, Pollak A, Lubec G. The differential hippocampal phosphoproteome of Apodemus sylvaticus paralleling spatial memory retrieval in the Barnes maze. Behav Brain Res 2014; 264:126-34. [PMID: 24509310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a well-known and well-documented mechanism in memory processes. Although a large series of protein kinases involved in memory processes have been reported, information on phosphoproteins is limited. It was therefore the aim of the study to determine a partial and differential phosphoproteome along with the corresponding network in hippocampus of a wild caught mouse strain with excellent performance in several paradigms of spatial memory. Apodemus sylvaticus mice were trained in the Barnes maze, a non-invasive test system for spatial memory and untrained mice served as controls. Animals were sacrificed 6h following memory retrieval, hippocampi were taken, proteins extracted and in-solution digestion was carried out with subsequent iTRAQ double labelling. Phosphopeptides were enriched by a TiO2-based method and semi-quantified using two fragmentation principles on the LTQ-orbitrap Velos. In hippocampi of trained animals phosphopeptide levels representing signalling, neuronal, synaptosomal, cytoskeletal and metabolism proteins were at least twofold reduced or increased. Furthermore, a network revealing a link to pathways of ubiquitination, the androgen receptor, small GTPase Rab5 and MAPK signaling as well as synucleins was constructed. This work is relevant for interpretation of previous work and the design of future studies on protein phosphorylation in spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edina Csaszar
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ottis P, Topic B, Loos M, Li KW, de Souza A, Schulz D, Smit AB, Huston JP, Korth C. Aging-induced proteostatic changes in the rat hippocampus identify ARP3, NEB2 and BRAG2 as a molecular circuitry for cognitive impairment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75112. [PMID: 24069387 PMCID: PMC3777897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed proteostasis as a particular phenotype of the aging organism has been advanced in C. elegans experiments and is also conceived to underlie neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Here, we investigated whether particular changes in non-disease related proteostasis can be identified in the aged mammalian brain, and whether a particular signature of aberrant proteostasis is related to behavioral performance of learning and memory. Young (adult, n = 30) and aged (2 years, n = 50) Wistar rats were tested in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) to distinguish superior and inferior performers. For both young and old rats, the best and worst performers in the MWM were selected and the insoluble proteome, termed aggregome, was purified from the hippocampus as evidence for aberrant proteostasis. Quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ) was performed. The aged inferior performers were considered as a model for spontaneous, age-associated cognitive impairment. Whereas variability of the insoluble proteome increased with age, absolute changes in the levels of insoluble proteins were small compared to the findings in the whole C. elegans insoluble proteome. However, we identified proteins with aberrant proteostasis in aging. For the cognitively impaired rats, we identified a changed molecular circuitry of proteins selectively involved in F-actin remodeling, synapse building and long-term depression: actin related protein 3 (ARP3), neurabin II (NEB2) and IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 (BRAG2). We demonstrate that aberrant proteostasis is a specific phenotype of brain aging in mammals. We identify a distinct molecular circuitry where changes in proteostasis are characteristic for poor learning and memory performance in the wild type, aged rat. Our findings 1. establish the search for aberrant proteostasis as a successful strategy to identify neuronal dysfunction in deficient cognitive behavior, 2. reveal a previously unknown functional network of proteins (ARP3, NEB2, BRAG2) involved in age-associated cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ottis
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Topic
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maarten Loos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Synaptologics B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelica de Souza
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph P. Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang J, Hu LL, Liu LY, Zhao LY, Hou N, Ni L, Li ZF, Wang AY, Song TS, Huang C. Proteomics reveals intersexual differences in the rat brain hippocampus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:462-9. [PMID: 23381953 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that intersexual differences occur in cognitive domains, e.g., in spatial learning and memory. The hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. However, it still remains unknown whether the hippocampal proteomic profiling differs between males and females. In this study, we investigated the intersexual differences in protein expression of hippocampi using the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis. In all, 33 differentially expressed proteins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and validated by Western-blotting analysis. In line with Western-blotting validation, the proteomic identification revealed the overexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in female rats' hippocampi, and the overexpression of both creatine kinase B-type and DRP-2 in male rats' hippocampi. The intersexual differences in hippocampal proteomic profiling are probably closely related to those in spatial learning and memory abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moritz AE, Foster JD, Gorentla BK, Mazei-Robison MS, Yang JW, Sitte HH, Blakely RD, Vaughan RA. Phosphorylation of dopamine transporter serine 7 modulates cocaine analog binding. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:20-32. [PMID: 23161550 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an approach to elucidating dopamine transporter (DAT) phosphorylation characteristics, we examined in vitro phosphorylation of a recombinant rat DAT N-terminal peptide (NDAT) using purified protein kinases. We found that NDAT becomes phosphorylated at single distinct sites by protein kinase A (Ser-7) and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ser-13) and at multiple sites (Ser-4, Ser-7, and Ser-13) by protein kinase C (PKC), implicating these residues as potential sites of DAT phosphorylation by these kinases. Mapping of rat striatal DAT phosphopeptides by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography revealed basal and PKC-stimulated phosphorylation of the same peptide fragments and comigration of PKC-stimulated phosphopeptide fragments with NDAT Ser-7 phosphopeptide markers. We further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry that Ser-7 is a site for PKC-stimulated phosphorylation in heterologously expressed rat and human DATs. Mutation of Ser-7 and nearby residues strongly reduced the affinity of rat DAT for the cocaine analog (-)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (CFT), whereas in rat striatal tissue, conditions that promote DAT phosphorylation caused increased CFT affinity. Ser-7 mutation also affected zinc modulation of CFT binding, with Ala and Asp substitutions inducing opposing effects. These results identify Ser-7 as a major site for basal and PKC-stimulated phosphorylation of native and expressed DAT and suggest that Ser-7 phosphorylation modulates transporter conformational equilibria, shifting the transporter between high and low affinity cocaine binding states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Foster JD, Yang JW, Moritz AE, Challasivakanaka S, Smith MA, Holy M, Wilebski K, Sitte HH, Vaughan RA. Dopamine transporter phosphorylation site threonine 53 regulates substrate reuptake and amphetamine-stimulated efflux. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29702-12. [PMID: 22722938 PMCID: PMC3436161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, levels of extraneuronal dopamine are controlled primarily by the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Multiple signaling pathways regulate transport activity, substrate efflux, and other DAT functions through currently unknown mechanisms. DAT is phosphorylated by protein kinase C within a serine cluster at the distal end of the cytoplasmic N terminus, whereas recent work in model cells revealed proline-directed phosphorylation of rat DAT at membrane-proximal residue Thr(53). In this report, we use mass spectrometry and a newly developed phospho-specific antibody to positively identify DAT phosphorylation at Thr(53) in rodent striatal tissue and heterologous expression systems. Basal phosphorylation of Thr(53) occurred with a stoichiometry of ~50% and was strongly increased by phorbol esters and protein phosphatase inhibitors, demonstrating modulation of the site by signaling pathways that impact DAT activity. Mutations of Thr(53) to prevent phosphorylation led to reduced dopamine transport V(max) and total apparent loss of amphetamine-stimulated substrate efflux, supporting a major role for this residue in the transport kinetic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Strain-independent global effect of hippocampal proteins in mice trained in the Morris water maze. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1739-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
Metformin attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in obese, leptin-resistant mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:564-74. [PMID: 22425595 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathological hallmarks for AD brains are extracellular amyloid plaques formed by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. This study was designed to determine AD-like brain changes in mice modeling for type 2 diabetes. The effects of metformin on these changes also were studied. Seven-week old male db/db mice received intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹ metformin for 18 weeks. They were subjected to Barnes maze at an age of 21 weeks and fear conditioning at an age of 24 weeks to assess their cognitive functions. Hippocampus was harvested after these tests for biochemical evaluation. The db/db mice had more tau phosphorylated at S396 and total tau in their hippocampi than their non-diabetic control db+mice. Activated/phosphorylated c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a tau kinase, was increased in the db/db mouse hippocampus. Metformin attenuated the increase of total tau, phospho-tau and activated JNK. The db/db mice had increased Aβ levels. Metformin attenuated the reduction of synaptophysin, a synaptic protein, in the db/db mouse hippocampus. Metformin did not attenuate the impairments of spatial learning and memory as well as long-term hyperglycemia in the db/db mice. Our results suggest that the db/db mice have multiple AD-like brain changes including impaired cognitive functions, increased phospho-tau and Aβ as well as decreased synaptic proteins. Activation of JNK may contribute to the increased phospho-tau in the db/db mice. Metformin attenuates AD-like biochemical changes in the brain of these mice.
Collapse
|
20
|
Falsafi SK, Deli A, Höger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. Scopolamine administration modulates muscarinic, nicotinic and NMDA receptor systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32082. [PMID: 22384146 PMCID: PMC3285663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effect of scopolamine on memory are abundant but so far only regulation of the muscarinic receptor (M1) has been reported. We hypothesized that levels of other cholinergic brain receptors as the nicotinic receptors and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, known to be involved in memory formation, would be modified by scopolamine administration. C57BL/6J mice were used for the experiments and divided into four groups. Two groups were given scopolamine 1 mg/kg i.p. (the first group was trained and the second group untrained) in the multiple T-maze (MTM), a paradigm for evaluation of spatial memory. Likewise, vehicle-treated mice were trained or untrained thus serving as controls. Hippocampal levels of M1, nicotinic receptor alpha 4 (Nic4) and 7 (Nic7) and subunit NR1containing complexes were determined by immunoblotting on blue native gel electrophoresis. Vehicle-treated trained mice learned the task and showed memory retrieval on day 8, while scopolamine-treatment led to significant impairment of performance in the MTM. At the day of retrieval, hippocampal levels for M1, Nic7 and NR1 were higher in the scopolamine treated groups than in vehicle-treated groups. The concerted action, i.e. the pattern of four brain receptor complexes regulated by the anticholinergic compound scopolamine, is shown. Insight into probable action mechanisms of scopolamine at the brain receptor complex level in the hippocampus is provided. Scopolamine treatment is a standard approach to test cognitive enhancers and other psychoactive compounds in pharmacological studies and therefore knowledge on mechanisms is of pivotal interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alev Deli
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monopoli MP, Raghnaill MN, Loscher JS, O'Sullivan NC, Pangalos MN, Ring RH, von Schack D, Dunn MJ, Regan CM, Pennington S, Murphy KJ. Temporal proteomic profile of memory consolidation in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Proteomics 2011; 11:4189-201. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Li L, Boddul SV, Patil SS, Zheng JF, An G, Höger H, Lubec G. Proteins linked to extinction in contextual fear conditioning in the C57BL/6J mouse. Proteomics 2011; 11:3706-24. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
23
|
Campagna R, Brunelli L, Airoldi L, Fanelli R, Hakansson H, Heimeier RA, De Boever P, Boix J, Llansola M, Felipo V, Pastorelli R. Cerebellum Proteomics Addressing the Cognitive Deficit of Rats Perinatally Exposed to the Food-Relevant Polychlorinated Biphenyl 138. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:170-9. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
24
|
Patil SS, Li K, Heo S, Höger H, Lubec G. Proteins linked to spatial memory formation of CD1 mice in the multiple T-maze. Hippocampus 2011; 22:1075-86. [PMID: 21618641 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In own previous work CD1 mice were tested in the Multiple T-maze (MTM), a robust land maze allowing determination of latency to reach the goal box with food reward and to evaluate correct decisions made on the way to the goal box. Herein, hippocampi of these animals were used for the current study with the aim to investigate differences in protein levels between trained and yoked mice and, moreover, to determine differences in protein levels between trained and yoked mice with and without memory formation in the MTM. Three training sessions were carried out for four training days each, followed by probe trials on Days 5 and 12. Good and no-performers in the MTM were separated based on means and median of latency to reach the goal box on probe trial Day 12. Six hours following the probe trial on Day 12, animals were sacrificed and hippocampi were taken. Proteins were extracted and run on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, spots were quantified and differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry using an ion trap. Levels of 17 proteins were significantly different in trained vs. yoked mice. Seven proteins were differentially expressed comparing trained vs. yoked mice from good and no-performers. A series of proteins were significantly correlated with latency and may link these proteins to spatial memory formation. Differential protein expression in trained vs. yoked mice and in good and no-performers may allow insight into spatial memory formation as well as represent tentative pharmacological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan S Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vanguilder HD, Freeman WM. The hippocampal neuroproteome with aging and cognitive decline: past progress and future directions. Front Aging Neurosci 2011; 3:8. [PMID: 21647399 PMCID: PMC3102218 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2011.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although steady progress on understanding brain aging has been made over recent decades through standard anatomical, immunohistochemical, and biochemical techniques, the biological basis of non-neurodegenerative cognitive decline with aging remains to be determined. This is due in part to technical limitations of traditional approaches, in which only a small fraction of neurobiologically relevant proteins, mRNAs or metabolites can be assessed at a time. With the development and refinement of proteomic technologies that enable simultaneous quantitative assessment of hundreds to thousands of proteins, neuroproteomic studies of brain aging and cognitive decline are becoming more widespread. This review focuses on the contributions of neuroproteomic investigations to advances in our understanding of age-related deficits of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory. Accumulating neuroproteomic data demonstrate that hippocampal aging involves common themes of dysregulated metabolism, increased oxidative stress, altered protein processing, and decreased synaptic function. Additionally, growing evidence suggests that cognitive decline does not represent a "more aged" phenotype, but rather is associated with specific neuroproteomic changes that occur in addition to age-related alterations. Understanding if and how age-related changes in the hippocampal neuroproteome contribute to cognitive decline and elucidating the pathways and processes that lead to cognitive decline are critical objectives that remain to be achieved. Progress in the field and challenges that remain to be addressed with regard to animal models, behavioral testing, and proteomic reporting are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Vanguilder
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun Y, Dierssen M, Toran N, Pollak DD, Chen WQ, Lubec G. A gel-based proteomic method reveals several protein pathway abnormalities in fetal Down syndrome brain. J Proteomics 2011; 74:547-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Ghafari M, Patil SS, Höger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. NMDA-complexes linked to spatial memory performance in the Barnes maze in CD1 mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:142-8. [PMID: 21377497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a well-documented key element in the formation of several memories including spatial, olfactory and contextual memory. Although receptor subunits have been linked to memory formation, data on the involvement of the NMDAR complexes is limited. In previous work CD1 mice were trained in the Barnes maze, a low-stress landmaze, and yoked controls were serving as controls. Hippocampal samples from this behavioural study were taken for comparing NMDAR complexes. Hippocampi were taken and stored until analysis at -80 °C. Membrane proteins were extracted from hippocampi using an ultracentrifugation step and applied on Blue Native gels that in turn were used for immunoblotting with antibodies against subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B. The subunit content of the complexes was determined by denaturing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent immunoblotting. An NMDAR complex with an apparent molecular weight between between 146 and 242 kDa, probably representing an NR1 dimer was the only complex that was significantly different between trained and yoked animals. A series of NMDAR complexes containing modulatory subunits NR2A or NR2B or both were detected. All complexes contained the NR1 subunit. The NR1 dimer complex level, increased in memory formation, may be directly or indirectly involved in the process of spatial memory formation in the CD1 mouse. The results are enabling and challenging further NMDAR studies, both, at the pharmacological and molecular level. Moreover, several NMDAR complexes in the CD1 mouse were shown to be mainly heteropolymers of subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B, although other recently described subunits were not tested due to unavailability of specific antibodies. Determination of native receptor complexes rather than individual subunits is mandatory and provides the molecular basis for understanding mechanisms of spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafari
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Whittle N, Li L, Chen WQ, Yang JW, Sartori SB, Lubec G, Singewald N. Changes in brain protein expression are linked to magnesium restriction-induced depression-like behavior. Amino Acids 2011; 40:1231-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
29
|
de la Tremblaye PB, Plamondon H. Impaired conditioned emotional response and object recognition are concomitant to neuronal damage in the amygdala and perirhinal cortex in middle-aged ischemic rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:227-33. [PMID: 21238489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study characterizes fear conditioning responses following global ischemia and evaluates neuronal damage affecting discrete extra-hippocampal areas susceptible to contribute to post ischemic emotional and memory impairments. Conditioned emotional response, Barnes Maze and object recognition tests were used to assess emotional, spatial and recognition memory, respectively. Behavioural testing was initiated in middle-aged animals (10-12 month old) 1 week following sham (n=16) or 4VO occlusion (n=18). Post-mortem cellular assessment was performed in the hippocampal CA1 layer, the perirhinal cortex and basolateral amygdala. Middle-aged ischemic animals showed impaired spatial memory in the initial three testing days in the Barnes Maze and deficit in recognition memory. Of interest, ischemic rats demonstrated a significant reduction of freezing and increased locomotion during the contextual fear testing period, suggesting reduced fear in these animals. Assessment of neuronal density 40 days following global ischemia revealed that CA1 neuronal injury was accompanied by 20-25% neuronal loss in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala and perirhinal cortex in middle-aged ischemic compared to sham-operated animals. This study represents the first demonstration of altered conditioned fear responses following ischemia. Our findings also indicate a vulnerability of extra-hippocampal neurons to ischemic injury, possibly contributing to discrete emotional and/or memory impairments post ischemia.
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun Y, Monje FJ, Pollak DD, Lubec G. A first partial Aplysia californica proteome. Amino Acids 2010; 41:955-68. [PMID: 21069399 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aplysia proteins have not been studied systematically and it was therefore the aim of the study to carry out protein profiling in ganglia from Aplysia californica (AC). AC ganglia were extirpated, proteins extracted and run on 2DE with subsequent in-gel digestion, followed by identification of proteins by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap. Proteins were identified based upon a public Aplysia EST database. Out of 408 picked spots, 276 spots were identified corresponding to 172 ESTs and 118 individual proteins. The range of sequence coverage was between 14 and 80% and the average amount of peptides used for the identification of proteins was 9 (from 3 to 24). Mean score for protein identification was 516. Comparison of protein levels between cerebral, pleural, pedal and abdominal ganglia revealed a series of significant differences including: signaling, metabolism, cytoskeleton and structural, redox, chaperone, replication/transcription and electron/proton transport proteins. The generation of a protein map complements transcriptional studies carried out in AC ganglia. The findings provide the basis for investigation into post-translational modifications, splice variants and assist in the generation of antibodies against AC proteins. Moreover, differences in protein expression between ganglia may be valuable for the design of future studies in neurobiology of AC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Associative learning and CA3-CA1 synaptic plasticity are impaired in D1R null, Drd1a-/- mice and in hippocampal siRNA silenced Drd1a mice. J Neurosci 2010; 30:12288-300. [PMID: 20844125 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2655-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Associative learning depends on multiple cortical and subcortical structures, including striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala. Both glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in learning and memory consolidation. While the role of glutamate is well established, the role of dopamine and its receptors in these processes is less clear. In this study, we used two models of dopamine D(1) receptor (D(1)R, Drd1a) loss, D(1)R knock-out mice (Drd1a(-/-)) and mice with intrahippocampal injections of Drd1a-siRNA (small interfering RNA), to study the role of D(1)R in different models of learning, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and associated gene expression. D(1)R loss markedly reduced spatial learning, fear learning, and classical conditioning of the eyelid response, as well as the associated activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 synapse. These results provide the first experimental demonstration that D(1)R is required for trace eyeblink conditioning and associated changes in synaptic strength in hippocampus of behaving mice. Drd1a-siRNA mice were indistinguishable from Drd1a(-/-) mice in all experiments, indicating that hippocampal knockdown was as effective as global inactivation and that the observed effects are caused by loss of D(1)R and not by indirect developmental effects of Drd1a(-/-). Finally, in vivo LTP and LTP-induced expression of Egr1 in the hippocampus were significantly reduced in Drd1a(-/-) and Drd1a-siRNA, indicating an important role for D(1)R in these processes. Our data reveal a functional relationship between acquisition of associative learning, increase in synaptic strength at the CA3-CA1 synapse, and Egr1 induction in the hippocampus by demonstrating that all three are dramatically impaired when D(1)R is eliminated or reduced.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sharma S, Rakoczy S, Brown-Borg H. Assessment of spatial memory in mice. Life Sci 2010; 87:521-36. [PMID: 20837032 PMCID: PMC6457258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in health care have greatly increased life span in the United States. The focus is now shifting from physical well-being to improvement in mental well-being or maintenance of cognitive function in old age. It is known that elderly people suffer from cognitive impairment, even without neurodegeneration, as a part of 'normal aging'. This 'age-associated memory impairment' (AAMI), can have a devastating impact on the social and economic life of an individual as well as the society. Scientists have been experimenting to find methods to prevent the memory loss associated with aging. The major factor involved in these experiments is the use of animal models to assess hippocampal-based spatial memory. This review describes the different types of memory including hippocampal-based memory that is vulnerable to aging. A detailed overview of various behavioral paradigms used to assess spatial memory including the T-maze, radial maze, Morris water maze, Barnes maze and others is presented. The review also describes the molecular basis of memory in hippocampus called as 'long-term potentiation'. The advantages and limitations of the behavioral models in assessing memory and the link to the long-term potentiation are discussed. This review should assist investigators in choosing suitable methods to assess spatial memory in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
| | - Sharlene Rakoczy
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
| | - Holly Brown-Borg
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Patil SS, Boddul SV, Schlick K, Kang SU, Zehetmayer S, Höger H, Lubec G. Differences in hippocampal protein levels between C57Bl/6J, PWD/PhJ, and Apodemus sylvaticus are paralleled by differences in spatial memory. Hippocampus 2010; 21:714-23. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
34
|
Olfactory bulb proteins linked to olfactory memory in C57BL/6J mice. Amino Acids 2010; 39:871-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
35
|
Linkage of hippocampal proteins to spatial memory formation and strain-dependence in Apodemus sylvaticus, C57BL/6J and PWD/PhJ mice. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|