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Manda V, Pavelka J, Lau E. Proteomics applications in next generation induced pluripotent stem cell models. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:217-228. [PMID: 38511670 PMCID: PMC11065590 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2334033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology has transformed biomedical research. New opportunities now exist to create new organoids, microtissues, and body-on-a-chip systems for basic biology investigations and clinical translations. AREAS COVERED We discuss the utility of proteomics for attaining an unbiased view into protein expression changes during iPS cell differentiation, cell maturation, and tissue generation. The ability to discover cell-type specific protein markers during the differentiation and maturation of iPS-derived cells has led to new strategies to improve cell production yield and fidelity. In parallel, proteomic characterization of iPS-derived organoids is helping to realize the goal of bridging in vitro and in vivo systems. EXPERT OPINIONS We discuss some current challenges of proteomics in iPS cell research and future directions, including the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data for systems-level analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Manda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay Pavelka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Berg Luecke L, Waas M, Littrell J, Wojtkiewicz M, Castro C, Burkovetskaya M, Schuette EN, Buchberger AR, Churko JM, Chalise U, Waknitz M, Konfrst S, Teuben R, Morrissette-McAlmon J, Mahr C, Anderson DR, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. Surfaceome mapping of primary human heart cells with CellSurfer uncovers cardiomyocyte surface protein LSMEM2 and proteome dynamics in failing hearts. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:76-95. [PMID: 36950336 PMCID: PMC10030153 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cell surface proteins are drug targets and useful biomarkers for discriminating among cellular phenotypes and disease states. Here we developed an analytical platform, CellSurfer, that enables quantitative cell surface proteome (surfaceome) profiling of cells present in limited quantities, and we apply it to isolated primary human heart cells. We report experimental evidence of surface localization and extracellular domains for 1,144 N-glycoproteins, including cell-type-restricted and region-restricted glycoproteins. We identified a surface protein specific for healthy cardiomyocytes, LSMEM2, and validated an anti-LSMEM2 monoclonal antibody for flow cytometry and imaging. Surfaceome comparisons among pluripotent stem cell derivatives and their primary counterparts highlighted important differences with direct implications for drug screening and disease modeling. Finally, 20% of cell surface proteins, including LSMEM2, were differentially abundant between failing and non-failing cardiomyocytes. These results represent a rich resource to advance development of cell type and organ-specific targets for drug delivery, disease modeling, immunophenotyping and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Present Address: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jack Littrell
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Erin N. Schuette
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jared M. Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Upendra Chalise
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Michelle Waknitz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Shelby Konfrst
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Roald Teuben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Claudius Mahr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Daniel R. Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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Proteomic and Glyco(proteo)mic tools in the profiling of cardiac progenitors and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes: Accelerating translation into therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107755. [PMID: 33895330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in stem cells paved the way to an enormous amount of knowledge, increasing expectations on cardio regenerative therapeutic approaches in clinic. While the first generation of clinical trials using cell-based therapies in the heart were performed with bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, second generation cell therapies moved towards the use of cardiac-committed cell populations, including cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Despite all these progresses, translating the aptitudes of R&D and pre-clinical data into effective clinical treatments is still highly challenging, partially due to the demanding regulatory and safety concerns but also because of the lack of knowledge on the regenerative mechanisms of action of these therapeutic products. Thus, the need of analytical methodologies that enable a complete characterization of such complex products and a deep understanding of their therapeutic effects, at the cell and molecular level, is imperative to overcome the hurdles of these advanced therapies. Omics technologies, such as proteomics and glyco(proteo)mics workflows based on state of the art mass-spectrometry, have prompted some major breakthroughs, providing novel data on cell biology and a detailed assessment of cell based-products applied in cardiac regeneration strategies. These advanced 'omics approaches, focused on the profiling of protein and glycan signatures are excelling the identification and characterization of cell populations under study, namely unveiling pluripotency and differentiation markers, as well as paracrine mechanisms and signaling cascades involved in cardiac repair. The leading knowledge generated is supporting a more rational therapy design and the rethinking of challenges in Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products development. Herein, we review the most recent methodologies used in the fields of proteomics, glycoproteomics and glycomics and discuss their impact on the study of cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes biology. How these discoveries will impact the speed up of novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases is also addressed.
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Meyfour A, Pahlavan S, Mirzaei M, Krijgsveld J, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. The quest of cell surface markers for stem cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:469-495. [PMID: 32710154 PMCID: PMC11073434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their derivatives are novel pharmaceutics that have the potential for use as tissue replacement therapies. However, the heterogeneous characteristics of stem cell cultures have hindered their biomedical applications. In theory and practice, when cell type-specific or stage-specific cell surface proteins are targeted by unique antibodies, they become highly efficient in detecting and isolating specific cell populations. There is a growing demand to identify reliable and actionable cell surface markers that facilitate purification of particular cell types at specific developmental stages for use in research and clinical applications. The identification of these markers as very important members of plasma membrane proteins, ion channels, transporters, and signaling molecules has directly benefited from proteomics and tools for proteomics-derived data analyses. Here, we review the methodologies that have played a role in the discovery of cell surface markers and introduce cutting edge single cell proteomics as an advanced tool. We also discuss currently available specific cell surface markers for stem cells and their lineages, with emphasis on the nervous system, heart, pancreas, and liver. The remaining gaps that pertain to the discovery of these markers and how single cell proteomics and identification of surface markers associated with the progenitor stages of certain terminally differentiated cells may pave the way for their use in regenerative medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem St, P.O. Box: 16635-148, 1665659911, Tehran, Iran.
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Robert AW, Pereira IT, Dallagiovanna B, Stimamiglio MA. Secretome Analysis Performed During in vitro Cardiac Differentiation: Discovering the Cardiac Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 32117977 PMCID: PMC7025591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are an important tool for the study of developmental processes, such as cardiomyogenic differentiation. Despite the advances made in this field, the molecular and cellular signals involved in the commitment of embryonic stem cells to the cardiac phenotype are still under investigation. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the extracellular signals involved in in vitro cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Using a three-dimensional cardiomyogenic differentiation protocol, the conditioned medium and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of embryoid body cultures were collected and characterized at four specific time points. Mass spectrometry (MS) and antibody array analysis of the secretome identified a number of secreted proteins related to signaling pathways, such as Wnt and TGFβ, as well as many ECM proteins. When comparing the proteins identified at selected time points, our data pointed out protein interactions and biological process related to cardiac differentiation. Interestingly, the great changes in secretome profile occurred during the cardiac progenitor specification. The secretome results were also compared with our previous RNAseq data, indicating that the secreted proteins undergo some level of gene regulation. During cardiac commitment it was observed an increase in complexity of the ECM, and some proteins as IGFBP7, FN1, HSPG2, as well as other members of the basal lamina could be highlighted. Thus, these findings contribute valuable information about essential microenvironmental signals working on cardiomyogenic differentiation that may be used in future strategies for cardiac differentiation, cardiomyocyte maturation, and in advances for future acellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Waloski Robert
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tiemy Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Leitolis A, Robert AW, Pereira IT, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA. Cardiomyogenesis Modeling Using Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Role of Microenvironmental Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31448277 PMCID: PMC6695570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be used as a model to study cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vitro modeling can reproduce cardiac development through modulation of some key signaling pathways. Therefore, many studies make use of this strategy to better understand cardiomyogenesis complexity and to determine possible ways to modulate cell fate. However, challenges remain regarding efficiency of differentiation protocols, cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation and therapeutic applications. Considering that the extracellular milieu is crucial for cellular behavior control, cardiac niche studies, such as those identifying secreted molecules from adult or neonatal tissues, allow the identification of extracellular factors that may contribute to CM differentiation and maturation. This review will focus on cardiomyogenesis modeling using PSC and the elements involved in cardiac microenvironmental signaling (the secretome - extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix and soluble factors) that may contribute to CM specification and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leitolis
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anny W Robert
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Pereira
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Stimamiglio
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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Capture and Analysis of Cell Surface N-Glycans by Hydrazide-Modified Magnetic Beads and CE-LIF. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rossdam C, Konze SA, Oberbeck A, Rapp E, Gerardy-Schahn R, von Itzstein M, Buettner FFR. Approach for Profiling of Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation by Multiplexed Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection To Identify Cell-Surface Markers of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Derived Cardiomyocytes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6413-6418. [PMID: 31058489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Application of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as tissue transplants in regenerative medicine depends on cell-surface marker-based characterization and/or purification. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a family of highly diverse surface-exposed biomolecules that have been neglected as potential surface markers for hiPSC-CMs due to significant analytical challenges. Here, we describe the development of a novel and high-throughput-compatible workflow for the analysis of GSL-derived glycans based on ceramide glycanase digestion, 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) labeling, and multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF). GSL glycans were detected with highly reproducible migration times after repeated analysis by xCGE-LIF. We built up a migration time database comprising 38 different glycan species, and we showed exemplarily that as few as 10 pg of fucosyl lactotetra was detectable. GSL glycan profiling could be performed with 105 human induced pluripotent stem cells, and we quantitatively dissected global alterations of GSL glycosylation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSC-CMs by employing xCGE-LIF. In our study, we observed a general switch from complex GSLs with lacto- and globo-series core structures comprising the well-known human pluripotent stem cell marker stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3) and SSEA4 in hiPSCs toward the simple gangliosides GM3 and GD3 in hiPSC-CMs. This is the first description of GM3 and GD3 being highly abundant GSLs on the cell surface of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rossdam
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany
| | - Sarah A Konze
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany
| | - Astrid Oberbeck
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems , Magdeburg 39106 , Germany.,glyXera GmbH , Magdeburg 39120 , Germany
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Gold Coast , Queensland 4222 , Australia
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence , Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 , Germany
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Specific Cell (Re-)Programming: Approaches and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:71-115. [PMID: 29071403 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many disorders are manifested by dysfunction of key cell types or their disturbed integration in complex organs. Thereby, adult organ systems often bear restricted self-renewal potential and are incapable of achieving functional regeneration. This underlies the need for novel strategies in the field of cell (re-)programming-based regenerative medicine as well as for drug development in vitro. The regenerative field has been hampered by restricted availability of adult stem cells and the potentially hazardous features of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, ethical concerns and legal restrictions regarding the generation and use of ESCs still exist. The establishment of direct reprogramming protocols for various therapeutically valuable somatic cell types has overcome some of these limitations. Meanwhile, new perspectives for safe and efficient generation of different specified somatic cell types have emerged from numerous approaches relying on exogenous expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, coding and noncoding RNAs, and chemical compounds.It should be of highest priority to develop protocols for the production of mature and physiologically functional cells with properties ideally matching those of their endogenous counterparts. Their availability can bring together basic research, drug screening, safety testing, and ultimately clinical trials. Here, we highlight the remarkable successes in cellular (re-)programming, which have greatly advanced the field of regenerative medicine in recent years. In particular, we review recent progress on the generation of cardiomyocyte subtypes, with a focus on cardiac pacemaker cells. Graphical Abstract.
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Abou-Saleh H, Zouein FA, El-Yazbi A, Sanoudou D, Raynaud C, Rao C, Pintus G, Dehaini H, Eid AH. The march of pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:201. [PMID: 30053890 PMCID: PMC6062943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Heart failure remains a major contributor to this mortality. Despite major therapeutic advances over the past decades, a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of CVD as well as improved therapeutic strategies for the management or treatment of heart failure are increasingly needed. Loss of myocardium is a major driver of heart failure. An attractive approach that appears to provide promising results in reducing cardiac degeneration is stem cell therapy (SCT). In this review, we describe different types of stem cells, including embryonic and adult stem cells, and we provide a detailed discussion of the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also present and critically discuss the key methods used for converting somatic cells to pluripotent cells and iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (CMs), along with their advantages and limitations. Integrating and non-integrating reprogramming methods as well as characterization of iPSCs and iPSC-derived CMs are discussed. Furthermore, we critically present various methods of differentiating iPSCs to CMs. The value of iPSC-CMs in regenerative medicine as well as myocardial disease modeling and cardiac regeneration are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, “Attikon” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christopher Rao
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, London, UK
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Dehaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Quantitative Secretomics Reveals Extrinsic Signals Involved in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyogenesis. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800102. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Chien Y, Chou SJ, Chang YL, Leu HB, Yang YP, Tsai PH, Lai YH, Chen KH, Chang WC, Sung SH, Yu WC. Inhibition of Arachidonate 12/15-Lipoxygenase Improves α-Galactosidase Efficacy in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes from Fabry Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051480. [PMID: 29772700 PMCID: PMC5983630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A high incidence of intervening sequence (IVS)4+919 G>A mutation with later-onset cardiac phenotype have been reported in a majority of Taiwan Fabry cohorts. Some evidence indicated that conventional biomarkers failed to predict the long-term progression and therapeutic outcome; (2) Methods: In this study, we constructed an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based platform from Fabry cardiomyopathy (FC) patients carrying IVS4+919 G>A mutation to screen for potential targets that may help the conventional treatment; (3) Results: The FC-patient-derived iPSC-differentiated cardiomyocytes (FC-iPSC-CMs) carried an expected IVS4+919 G>A genetic mutation and recapitulated several FC characteristics, including low α-galactosidase A enzyme activity and cellular hypertrophy. The proteomic analysis revealed that arachidonate 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox12/15) was the most highly upregulated marker in FC-iPSC-CMs, and the metabolites of Alox12/15, 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), were also elevated in the culture media. Late administration of Alox12/15 pharmacological inhibitor LOXBlock-1 combined with α-galactosidase, but not α-galactosidase alone, effectively reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, the secretion of 12(S)- and 15(S)-HETE and the upregulation of fibrotic markers at the late phase of FC; (4) Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that cardiac Alox12/15 and circulating 12(S)-HETE/15(S)-HETE are involved in the pathogenesis of FC with IVS4+919 G>A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Chien
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Heath Care and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsien Sung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
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13
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Haverland NA, Waas M, Ntai I, Keppel T, Gundry RL, Kelleher NL. Cell Surface Proteomics of N-Linked Glycoproteins for Typing of Human Lymphocytes. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 28834292 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are immune cells that are critical for the maintenance of adaptive immunity. Differentiation of lymphoid progenitors yields B-, T-, and NK-cell subtypes that individually correlate with specific forms of leukemia or lymphoma. Therefore, it is imperative a precise method of cell categorization is utilized to detect differences in distinct disease states present in patients. One viable means of classification involves evaluation of the cell surface proteome of lymphoid malignancies. Specifically, this manuscript details the use of an antibody independent approach known as Cell Surface Capture Technology, to assess the N-glycoproteome of four human lymphocyte cell lines. Altogether, 404 cell surface N-glycoproteins were identified as markers for specific cell types involved in lymphocytic malignancies, including 82 N-glycoproteins that had not been previously been described for B or T cells within the Cell Surface Protein Atlas. Comparative analysis, hierarchical clustering techniques, and label-free quantitation were used to reveal proteins most informative for each cell type. Undoubtedly, the characterization of the cell surface proteome of lymphoid malignancies is a first step toward improving personalized diagnosis and treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Haverland
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntai
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Theodore Keppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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14
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(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
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15
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Abazova N, Krijgsveld J. Advances in stem cell proteomics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 46:149-155. [PMID: 28806595 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are at the basis of organismal development, characterized by their potential to differentiate towards specific lineages upon receiving proper signals. To understand the molecular principles underlying gain and loss of pluripotency, proteomics plays an increasingly important role owing to technical developments in mass spectrometry and implementation of innovative biochemical approaches. Here we review how quantitative proteomics has been used to investigate protein expression, localization, interaction and modification in stem cells both in vitro and in vivo, thereby complementing other omics approaches to study fundamental properties of stem cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nade Abazova
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Excellence Cluster CellNetworks, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Excellence Cluster CellNetworks, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Konze SA, Cajic S, Oberbeck A, Hennig R, Pich A, Rapp E, Buettner FFR. Quantitative Assessment of Sialo-Glycoproteins and N-Glycans during Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1317-1331. [PMID: 28509371 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC CMs) may be used in regenerative medicine for individualized tissue transplants in the future. For application in patients, the generated CMs have to be highly pure and well characterized. In order to overcome the prevalent scarcity of CM-specific markers, we quantitatively assessed cell-surface-exposed sialo-glycoproteins and N-glycans of hiPSCs, CM progenitors, and CMs. Applying a combination of metabolic labeling and specific sialo-glycoprotein capture, we could highly enrich and quantify membrane proteins during cardiomyogenic differentiation. Among them we identified a number of novel, putative biomarkers for hiPSC CMs. Analysis of the N-glycome by capillary gel electrophoresis revealed three novel structures comprising β1,3-linked galactose, α2,6-linked sialic acid and complex fucosylation; these were highly specific for hiPSCs. Bisecting GlcNAc structures strongly increased during differentiation, and we propose that they are characteristic of early, immature CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Konze
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Oberbeck
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Anti-Proliferative Effects of Human Anti-FZD7 Single Chain Antibodies on Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/semj.45219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Konze SA, Werneburg S, Oberbeck A, Olmer R, Kempf H, Jara-Avaca M, Pich A, Zweigerdt R, Buettner FFR. Proteomic Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyogenesis Revealed Altered Expression of Metabolic Enzymes and PDLIM5 Isoforms. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1133-1149. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Konze
- Institute
of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werneburg
- Institute
of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Oberbeck
- Institute
of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz
Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department
of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz
Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department
of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monica Jara-Avaca
- Leibniz
Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department
of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute
of Toxicology, Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz
Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department
of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F. R. Buettner
- Institute
of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH
Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Mallanna SK, Waas M, Duncan SA, Gundry RL. N-glycoprotein surfaceome of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatic endoderm. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 27966262 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using cell surface capture technology, the cell surface N-glycoproteome of human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatic endoderm cells was assessed. Altogether, 395 cell surface N-glycoproteins were identified, represented by 1273 N-glycopeptides. This study identified N-glycoproteins that are not predicted to be localized to the cell surface and provides experimental data that assist in resolving ambiguous or incorrectly annotated transmembrane topology annotations. In a proof-of-concept analysis, combining these data with other cell surface proteome datasets is useful for identifying potentially cell type and lineage restricted markers and drug targets to advance the use of stem cell technologies for mechanistic developmental studies, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Mallanna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Present address: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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20
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Sarkar P, Mischler A, Randall SM, Collier TS, Dorman KF, Boggess KA, Muddiman DC, Rao BM. Identification of Epigenetic Factor Proteins Expressed in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Trophoblasts and in Human Placental Trophoblasts. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2433-44. [PMID: 27378238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been used to derive trophoblasts through differentiation in vitro. Intriguingly, mouse ESCs are prevented from differentiation to trophoblasts by certain epigenetic factor proteins such as Dnmt1, thus necessitating the study of epigenetic factor proteins during hESC differentiation to trophoblasts. We used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture and quantitative proteomics to study changes in the nuclear proteome during hESC differentiation to trophoblasts and identified changes in the expression of 30 epigenetic factor proteins. Importantly, the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were downregulated. Additionally, we hypothesized that nuclear proteomics of hESC-derived trophoblasts may be used for screening epigenetic factor proteins expressed by primary trophoblasts in human placental tissue. Accordingly, we conducted immunohistochemistry analysis of six epigenetic factor proteins identified from hESC-derived trophoblasts-DNMT1, DNMT3B, BAF155, BAF60A, BAF57, and ING5-in 6-9 week human placentas. Indeed, expression of these proteins was largely, though not fully, consistent with that observed in 6-9 week placental trophoblasts. Our results support the use of hESC-derived trophoblasts as a model for placental trophoblasts, which will enable further investigation of epigenetic factors involved in human trophoblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen F Dorman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kim A Boggess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Matsa E, Ahrens JH, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Platform for Personalized and Precision Cardiovascular Medicine. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1093-126. [PMID: 27335446 PMCID: PMC6345246 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized the field of human disease modeling, with an enormous potential to serve as paradigm shifting platforms for preclinical trials, personalized clinical diagnosis, and drug treatment. In this review, we describe how hiPSCs could transition cardiac healthcare away from simple disease diagnosis to prediction and prevention, bridging the gap between basic and clinical research to bring the best science to every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John H Ahrens
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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22
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Kempf H, Andree B, Zweigerdt R. Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:18-30. [PMID: 26658242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, including preclinical studies in large animal models and tissue engineering approaches as well as innovative assays for drug discovery, will require the constant supply of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and other functional progenies. Respective cell production processes must be robust, economically viable and ultimately GMP-compliant. Recent research has enabled transition of lab scale protocols for hPSC expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation towards more controlled processing in industry-compatible culture platforms. Here, advanced strategies for the cultivation and differentiation of hPSCs will be reviewed by focusing on stirred bioreactor-based techniques for process upscaling. We will discuss how cardiomyocyte mass production might benefit from recent findings such as cell expansion at the cardiovascular progenitor state. Finally, remaining challenges will be highlighted, specifically regarding three dimensional (3D) hPSC suspension culture and critical safety issues ahead of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birgit Andree
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Szebényi K, Péntek A, Erdei Z, Várady G, Orbán TI, Sarkadi B, Apáti Á. Efficient generation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors based on tissue-specific enhanced green fluorescence protein expression. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:35-45. [PMID: 24734786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are committed to the cardiac lineage but retain their proliferative capacity before becoming quiescent mature cardiomyocytes (CMs). In medical therapy and research, the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived CPCs would have several advantages compared with mature CMs, as the progenitors show better engraftment into existing heart tissues, and provide unique potential for cardiovascular developmental as well as for pharmacological studies. Here, we demonstrate that the CAG promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter system enables the identification and isolation of embryonic stem cell-derived CPCs. Tracing of CPCs during differentiation confirmed up-regulation of surface markers, previously described to identify cardiac precursors and early CMs. Isolated CPCs express cardiac lineage-specific transcripts, still have proliferating capacity, and can be re-aggregated into embryoid body-like structures (CAG-EGFP(high) rEBs). Expression of troponin T and NKX2.5 mRNA is up-regulated in long-term cultured CAG-EGFP(high) rEBs, in which more than 90% of the cells become Troponin I positive mature CMs. Moreover, about one third of the CAG-EGFP(high) rEBs show spontaneous contractions. The method described here provides a powerful tool to generate expandable cultures of pure human CPCs that can be used for exploring early markers of the cardiac lineage, as well as for drug screening or tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Szebényi
- 1 Institute of Molecular Pharmacology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Guan X, Wang Z, Czerniecki S, Mack D, François V, Blouin V, Moullier P, Childers MK. Use of Adeno-Associated Virus to Enrich Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Stem Cells. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2015; 26:194-201. [PMID: 26252064 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2015.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show great promise as autologous donor cells to treat heart disease. A major technical obstacle to this approach is that available induction methods often produce heterogeneous cell population with low percentage of cardiomyocytes. Here we describe a cardiac enrichment approach using nonintegrating adeno-associated virus (AAV). We first examined several AAV serotypes for their ability to selectively transduce iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Results showed that AAV1 demonstrated the highest in vitro transduction efficiency among seven widely used serotypes. Next, differentiated iPSC derivatives were transduced with drug-selectable AAV1 expressing neomycin resistance gene. Selection with G418 enriched the cardiac cell fraction from 27% to 57% in 2 weeks. Compared with other enrichment strategies such as integrative genetic selection, mitochondria labeling, or surface marker cell sorting, this simple AAV method described herein bypasses antibody or dye labeling. These findings provide proof of concept for large-scale cardiomyocyte enrichment by exploiting AAV's intrinsic tissue tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guan
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Zejing Wang
- 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington.,5 Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Stefan Czerniecki
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - David Mack
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Virginie François
- 6 INSERM UMR 1089 IRT 1, Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique, Université de Nantes , Nantes, France
| | - Veronique Blouin
- 6 INSERM UMR 1089 IRT 1, Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique, Université de Nantes , Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- 6 INSERM UMR 1089 IRT 1, Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique, Université de Nantes , Nantes, France.,7 Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Martin K Childers
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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25
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Correia C, Serra M, Espinha N, Sousa M, Brito C, Burkert K, Zheng Y, Hescheler J, Carrondo MJT, Sarić T, Alves PM. Combining hypoxia and bioreactor hydrodynamics boosts induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:786-801. [PMID: 25022569 PMCID: PMC4225049 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for patient-specific disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. However, existing protocols for CM differentiation of iPSCs besides being highly dependent on the application of expensive growth factors show low reproducibility and scalability. The aim of this work was to develop a robust and scalable strategy for mass production of iPSC-derived CMs by designing a bioreactor protocol that ensures a hypoxic and mechanical environment. Murine iPSCs were cultivated as aggregates in either stirred tank or WAVE bioreactors. The effect of dissolved oxygen and mechanical forces, promoted by different hydrodynamic environments, on CM differentiation was evaluated. Combining a hypoxia culture (4 % O2 tension) with an intermittent agitation profile in stirred tank bioreactors resulted in an improvement of about 1000-fold in CM yields when compared to normoxic (20 % O2 tension) and continuously agitated cultures. Additionally, we showed for the first time that wave-induced agitation enables the differentiation of iPSCs towards CMs at faster kinetics and with higher yields (60 CMs/input iPSC). In an 11-day differentiation protocol, clinically relevant numbers of CMs (2.3 × 10(9) CMs/1 L) were produced, and CMs exhibited typical cardiac sarcomeric structures, calcium transients, electrophysiological profiles and drug responsiveness. This work describes significant advances towards scalable cardiomyocyte differentiation of murine iPSC, paving the way for the implementation of this strategy for mass production of their human counterparts and their use for cardiac repair and cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
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26
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Chen CH, Sereti KI, Wu BM, Ardehali R. Translational aspects of cardiac cell therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1757-72. [PMID: 26119413 PMCID: PMC4549027 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has been intensely studied for over a decade as a potential treatment for ischaemic heart disease. While initial trials using skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow cells and peripheral blood stem cells showed promise in improving cardiac function, benefits were found to be short-lived likely related to limited survival and engraftment of the delivered cells. The discovery of putative cardiac ‘progenitor’ cells as well as the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells has led to the delivery of cells potentially capable of electromechanical integration into existing tissue. An alternative strategy involving either direct reprogramming of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts or stimulation of resident cardiomyocytes to regenerate new myocytes can potentially overcome the limitations of exogenous cell delivery. Complimentary approaches utilizing combination cell therapy and bioengineering techniques may be necessary to provide the proper milieu for clinically significant regeneration. Clinical trials employing bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety of catheter based cell delivery, with suggestion of limited improvement in ventricular function and reduction in infarct size. Ongoing trials are investigating potential benefits to outcome such as morbidity and mortality. These and future trials will clarify the optimal cell types and delivery conditions for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Konstantina-Ioanna Sereti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Kropp EM, Bhattacharya S, Waas M, Chuppa SL, Hadjantonakis AK, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. N-glycoprotein surfaceomes of four developmentally distinct mouse cell types. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:603-9. [PMID: 24920426 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detailed knowledge of cell surface proteins present during early embryonic development remains limited for most cell lineages. Due to the relevance of cell surface proteins in their functional roles controlling cell signaling and their utility as accessible, nongenetic markers for cell identification and sorting, the goal of this study was to provide new information regarding the cell surface proteins present during early mouse embryonic development. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using the cell surface capture technology, the cell surface N-glycoproteomes of three cell lines and one in vitro differentiated cell type representing distinct cell fates and stages in mouse embryogenesis were assessed. RESULTS Altogether, more than 600 cell surface N-glycoproteins were identified represented by >5500 N-glycopeptides. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The development of new, informative cell surface markers for the reliable identification and isolation of functionally defined subsets of cells from early developmental stages will advance the use of stem cell technologies for mechanistic developmental studies, including disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Kropp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Poon E, Keung W, Liang Y, Ramalingam R, Yan B, Zhang S, Chopra A, Moore J, Herren A, Lieu DK, Wong HS, Weng Z, Wong OT, Lam YW, Tomaselli GF, Chen C, Boheler KR, Li RA. Proteomic Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived, Fetal, and Adult Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Reveals Pathways Crucial for Cardiac Metabolism and Maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:427-36. [PMID: 25759434 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to the cardiac lineage represents a potentially unlimited source of ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs), but hESC-VCMs are developmentally immature. Previous attempts to profile hESC-VCMs primarily relied on transcriptomic approaches, but the global proteome has not been examined. Furthermore, most hESC-CM studies focus on pathways important for cardiac differentiation, rather than regulatory mechanisms for CM maturation. We hypothesized that gene products and pathways crucial for maturation can be identified by comparing the proteomes of hESCs, hESC-derived VCMs, human fetal and human adult ventricular and atrial CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two-dimensional-differential-in-gel electrophoresis, 121 differentially expressed (>1.5-fold; P<0.05) proteins were detected. The data set implicated a role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling in cardiac maturation. Consistently, WY-14643, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist, increased fatty oxidative enzyme level, hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and induced a more organized morphology. Along this line, treatment with the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine increased the dynamic tension developed in engineered human ventricular cardiac microtissue by 3-fold, signifying their maturation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and thyroid hormone pathways modulate the metabolism and maturation of hESC-VCMs and their engineered tissue constructs. These results may lead to mechanism-based methods for deriving mature chamber-specific CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Poon
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Wendy Keung
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Yimin Liang
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Rajkumar Ramalingam
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Bin Yan
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Anant Chopra
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Jennifer Moore
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Anthony Herren
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Deborah K Lieu
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Hau San Wong
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Zhihui Weng
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - On Tik Wong
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Christopher Chen
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Ronald A Li
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.).
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Sun B. Proteomics and glycoproteomics of pluripotent stem-cell surface proteins. Proteomics 2014; 15:1152-63. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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Mahr C, Gundry RL. Hold or fold--proteins in advanced heart failure and myocardial recovery. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 9:121-33. [PMID: 25331159 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced heart failure (AHF) describes the subset of heart failure patients refractory to conventional medical therapy. For some AHF patients, the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) provides an intermediary "bridge" step for transplant-eligible patients or an alternative therapy for transplant-ineligible patients. Over the past 20 years, clinical observations have revealed that approximately 1% of patients with MCS undergo significant reverse remodeling to the point where the device can be explanted. Unfortunately, it is unclear why some patients experience durable, sustained myocardial remission, while others redevelop heart failure (i.e. which hearts "hold" and which hearts "fold"). In this review, we outline unmet clinical needs related to treating patients with MCS, provide an overview of protein dynamics in the reverse-remodeling process, and propose specific areas where we expect MS and proteomic analyses will have significant impact on our understanding of disease progression, molecular mechanisms of recovery, and provide new markers with prognostic value that can positively impact patient care. Complimentary perspectives are provided with the goal of making this important topic accessible and relevant to both a clinical and basic science audience, as the intersection of these disciplines is required to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mahr
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bhattacharya S, Burridge PW, Kropp EM, Chuppa SL, Kwok WM, Wu JC, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. High efficiency differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes and characterization by flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 2014:52010. [PMID: 25286293 DOI: 10.3791/52010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle "in a dish" for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Erin M Kropp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin; Cardiovascular Research Center, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin;
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Shen X, Young R, Canty JM, Qu J. Quantitative proteomics in cardiovascular research: global and targeted strategies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:488-505. [PMID: 24920501 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extensive technical advances in the past decade have substantially expanded quantitative proteomics in cardiovascular research. This has great promise for elucidating the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and the discovery of cardiac biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Global and targeted proteomics are the two major avenues of quantitative proteomics. While global approaches enable unbiased discovery of altered proteins via relative quantification at the proteome level, targeted techniques provide higher sensitivity and accuracy, and are capable of multiplexed absolute quantification in numerous clinical/biological samples. While promising, technical challenges need to be overcome to enable full utilization of these techniques in cardiovascular medicine. Here, we discuss recent advances in quantitative proteomics and summarize applications in cardiovascular research with an emphasis on biomarker discovery and elucidating molecular mechanisms of disease. We propose the integration of global and targeted strategies as a high-throughput pipeline for cardiovascular proteomics. Targeted approaches enable rapid, extensive validation of biomarker candidates discovered by global proteomics. These approaches provide a promising alternative to immunoassays and other low-throughput means currently used for limited validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Lundy SD, Gantz JA, Pagan CM, Filice D, Laflamme MA. Pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac repair. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2014; 16:319. [PMID: 24838687 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-014-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The adult mammalian heart has limited capacity for regeneration, and any major injury such as a myocardial infarction results in the permanent loss of up to 1 billion cardiomyocytes. The field of cardiac cell therapy aims to replace these lost contractile units with de novo cardiomyocytes to restore lost systolic function and prevent progression to heart failure. Arguably, the ideal cell for this application is the human cardiomyocyte itself, which can electromechanically couple with host myocardium and contribute active systolic force. Pluripotent stem cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent lineages are attractive sources for cardiomyocytes, and preclinical investigation of these cells is in progress. Recent work has focused on the efficient generation and purification of cardiomyocytes, tissue engineering efforts, and examining the consequences of cell transplantation from mechanical, vascular, and electrical standpoints. Here we discuss historical and contemporary aspects of pluripotent stem cell-based cardiac cell therapy, with an emphasis on recent preclinical studies with translational goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Lundy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 358050, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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34
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Battle KN, Uba FI, Soper SA. Microfluidics for the analysis of membrane proteins: How do we get there? Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2253-66. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina N. Battle
- Department of Chemistry; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Franklin I. Uba
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
- BioFluidica, LLC, c/o Carolina Kick-Start; Chapel Hill NC USA
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; Ulsan Korea
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35
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Sinnecker D, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug development and toxicity testing. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:246-52. [PMID: 24657289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is creating exciting new opportunities for cardiovascular research by providing platforms to study the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis that could lead to new therapies or reveal drug sensitivities. In this review, the potential usefulness of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in drug development as well as in drug toxicity testing is discussed, with a focus on the achievements that have been already made in this regard. Moreover, the crucial steps that have to be taken before this technology can be broadly used in drug discovery and toxicology assessments are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sinnecker
- Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technische Universität München, I. Medical Department - Cardiology, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technische Universität München, I. Medical Department - Cardiology, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - Partner Site, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technische Universität München, I. Medical Department - Cardiology, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - Partner Site, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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36
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Budniatzky I, Gepstein L. Concise review: reprogramming strategies for cardiovascular regenerative medicine: from induced pluripotent stem cells to direct reprogramming. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:448-57. [PMID: 24591731 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial cell-replacement therapies are emerging as novel therapeutic paradigms for myocardial repair but are hampered by the lack of sources of autologous human cardiomyocytes. The recent advances in stem cell biology and in transcription factor-based reprogramming strategies may provide exciting solutions to this problem. In the current review, we describe the different reprogramming strategies that can give rise to cardiomyocytes for regenerative medicine purposes. Initially, we describe induced pluripotent stem cell technology, a method by which adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed to yield pluripotent stem cells that could later be coaxed ex vivo to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes could then be used for myocardial cell transplantation and tissue engineering strategies. We also describe the more recent direct reprogramming approaches that aim to directly convert the phenotype of one mature cell type (fibroblast) to another (cardiomyocyte) without going through a pluripotent intermediate cell type. The advantages and shortcomings of each strategy for cardiac regeneration are discussed, along with the hurdles that need to be overcome on the road to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Budniatzky
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine and Cardiology Department, Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Chen A, Ting S, Seow J, Reuveny S, Oh S. Considerations in designing systems for large scale production of human cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:12. [PMID: 24444355 PMCID: PMC4055057 DOI: 10.1186/scrt401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have attracted attention as an unlimited source of cells for cardiac therapies. One of the factors to surmount to achieve this is the production of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes at a commercial or clinical scale with economically and technically feasible platforms. Given the limited proliferation capacity of differentiated cardiomyocytes and the difficulties in isolating and culturing committed cardiac progenitors, the strategy for cardiomyocyte production would be biphasic, involving hPSC expansion to generate adequate cell numbers followed by differentiation to cardiomyocytes for specific applications. This review summarizes and discusses up-to-date two-dimensional cell culture, cell-aggregate and microcarrier-based platforms for hPSC expansion. Microcarrier-based platforms are shown to be the most suitable for up-scaled production of hPSCs. Subsequently, different platforms for directing hPSC differentiation to cardiomyocytes are discussed. Monolayer differentiation can be straightforward and highly efficient and embryoid body-based approaches are also yielding reasonable cardiomyocyte efficiencies, whereas microcarrier-based approaches are in their infancy but can also generate high cardiomyocyte yields. The optimal target is to establish an integrated scalable process that combines hPSC expansion and cardiomyocyte differentiation into a one unit operation. This review discuss key issues such as platform selection, bioprocess parameters, medium development, downstream processing and parameters that meet current good manufacturing practice standards.
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38
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Benevento M, Munoz J. Role of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the study of cellular reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 9:379-99. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Raynaud CM, Ahmad FS, Allouba M, Abou-Saleh H, Lui KO, Yacoub M. Reprogramming for cardiac regeneration. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:309-29. [PMID: 25763379 PMCID: PMC4352683 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cardiovascular diseases remains challenging considering the limited regeneration capacity of the heart muscle. Developments of reprogramming strategies to create in vitro and in vivo cardiomyocytes have been the focus point of a considerable amount of research in the past decades. The choice of cells to employ, the state-of-the-art methods for different reprogramming strategies, and their promises and future challenges before clinical entry, are all discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona Allouba
- Aswan Heart Center, Magdi Yacoub Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Center, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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40
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Carvalho KATD, Abdelwahid E, Ferreira RJ, Irioda AC, Guarita-Souza LC. Preclinical stem cell therapy in Chagas Disease: Perspectives for future research. World J Transplant 2013; 3:119-126. [PMID: 24392316 PMCID: PMC3879521 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v3.i4.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy still remains a challenging problem that is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in Central and Latin America. Chagas disease disrupts blood microcirculation via various autoimmune mechanisms, causing loss of cardiomyocytes and severe impairment of heart function. Different cell types and delivery approaches in Chagas Disease have been studied in both preclinical models and clinical trials. The main objective of this article is to clarify the reasons why the benefits that have been seen with cell therapy in preclinical models fail to translate to the clinical setting. This can be explained by crucial differences between the cellular types and pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, as well as the differences between human patients and animal models. We discuss examples that demonstrate how the results from preclinical trials might have overestimated the efficacy of myocardial regeneration therapies. Future research should focus, not only on studying the best cell type to use but, very importantly, understanding the levels of safety and cellular interaction that can elicit efficient therapeutic effects in human tissue. Addressing the challenges associated with future research may ensure the success of stem cell therapy in improving preclinical models and the treatment of Chagas disease.
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41
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Moretti A, Laugwitz KL, Dorn T, Sinnecker D, Mummery C. Pluripotent stem cell models of human heart disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:3/11/a014027. [PMID: 24186488 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of many cardiac diseases has been hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro cell culture models that accurately reflect the human disease phenotypes. In the past few years, remarkable advances in stem cell biology have made possible this long-standing ambition-the generation of human and even patient-specific cellular models of diseases. Combined with other novel technologies in the fields of human genetics, tissue engineering, and gene-targeted manipulation, disease modeling with pluripotent stem cells has the promise to influence modern cardiovascular medicine on several fronts: molecular understanding of pathological mechanisms, early diagnosis, drug development, and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moretti
- Klinikum rechts der Isar-Technische Universität München, I. Medical Department-Cardiology, 81675 Munich, Germany
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42
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Ban K, Wile B, Kim S, Park HJ, Byun J, Cho KW, Saafir T, Song MK, Yu SP, Wagner M, Bao G, Yoon YS. Purification of cardiomyocytes from differentiating pluripotent stem cells using molecular beacons that target cardiomyocyte-specific mRNA. Circulation 2013; 128:1897-909. [PMID: 23995537 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.004228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although methods for generating cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells have been reported, current methods produce heterogeneous mixtures of cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocyte cells. Here, we report an entirely novel system in which pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are purified by cardiomyocyte-specific molecular beacons (MBs). MBs are nanoscale probes that emit a fluorescence signal when hybridized to target mRNAs. METHOD AND RESULTS Five MBs targeting mRNAs of either cardiac troponin T or myosin heavy chain 6/7 were generated. Among 5 MBs, an MB that targeted myosin heavy chain 6/7 mRNA (MHC1-MB) identified up to 99% of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, a mouse cardiomyocyte cell line, but <3% of 4 noncardiomyocyte cell types in flow cytometry analysis, which indicates that MHC1-MB is specific for identifying cardiomyocytes. We delivered MHC1-MB into cardiomyogenically differentiated pluripotent stem cells through nucleofection. The detection rate of cardiomyocytes was similar to the percentages of cardiac troponin T- or cardiac troponin I-positive cardiomyocytes, which supports the specificity of MBs. Finally, MHC1-MB-positive cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorter from mouse and human pluripotent stem cell differentiating cultures, and ≈97% cells expressed cardiac troponin T or cardiac troponin I as determined by flow cytometry. These MB-based sorted cells maintained their cardiomyocyte characteristics, which was verified by spontaneous beating, electrophysiological studies, and expression of cardiac proteins. When transplanted in a myocardial infarction model, MB-based purified cardiomyocytes improved cardiac function and demonstrated significant engraftment for 4 weeks without forming tumors. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel cardiomyocyte selection system that allows production of highly purified cardiomyocytes. These purified cardiomyocytes and this system can be valuable for cell therapy and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Ban
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Brian Wile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sangsung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kyu-Won Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Talib Saafir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ming-Ke Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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43
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Xu XQ, Sun W. Perspective from the heart: the potential of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:39-46. [PMID: 22903726 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are self-renewing cells with the potential to differentiate into a variety of human cells. They hold great promise for regenerative medicine and serve as useful in vitro models for studying human biology. For the past few years, there is vast interest in applying these cells to advance cardiovascular medicine. Human cardiomyocytes can be readily generated from hPSC and they have been characterized extensively with regards to molecular and functional properties. They have been transplanted into animal models of cardiovascular diseases and also shown to be potentially useful reagents for drug discovery. Yet, despite great progress in this field, significant technical hurdles remain before these cells could be used clinically or for pharmaceutical research and development. Further research using novel approaches will be required to overcome these bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Qin Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, China, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China.
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44
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Abdelwahid E, Siminiak T, Guarita-Souza LC, Teixeira de Carvalho KA, Gallo P, Shim W, Condorelli G. Stem cell therapy in heart diseases: a review of selected new perspectives, practical considerations and clinical applications. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 7:201-12. [PMID: 22758618 PMCID: PMC3263484 DOI: 10.2174/157340311798220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of cardiac tissues is considered a major cause of mortality in the western world and is expected to be a greater problem in the forthcoming decades. Cardiac damage is associated with dysfunction and irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. Stem cell therapy for ischemic heart failure is very promising approach in cardiovascular medicine. Initial trials have indicated the ability of cardiomyocytes to regenerate after myocardial injury. These preliminary trials aim to translate cardiac regeneration strategies into clinical practice. In spite of advances, current therapeutic strategies to ischemic heart failure remain very limited. Moreover, major obstacles still need to be solved before stem cell therapy can be fully applied. This review addresses the current state of research and experimental data regarding embryonic stem cells (ESCs), myoblast transplantation, histological and functional analysis of transplantation of co-cultured myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as comparison between mononuclear and mesenchymal stem cells in a model of myocardium infarction. We also discuss how research with stem cell transplantation could translate to improvement of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- CBRC, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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45
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Myers FB, Abilez OJ, Zarins CK, Lee LP. Label-free electrophysiological cytometry for stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte clusters. LAB ON A CHIP 2013. [PMID: 23207961 PMCID: PMC3556464 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies hold great promise for repairing tissues damaged due to disease or injury. However, a major obstacle facing this field is the difficulty in identifying cells of a desired phenotype from the heterogeneous population that arises during stem cell differentiation. Conventional fluorescence flow cytometry and magnetic cell purification require exogenous labeling of cell surface markers which can interfere with the performance of the cells of interest. Here, we describe a non-genetic, label-free cell cytometry method based on electrophysiological response to stimulus. As many of the cell types relevant for regenerative medicine are electrically-excitable (e.g. cardiomyocytes, neurons, smooth muscle cells), this technology is well-suited for identifying cells from heterogeneous stem cell progeny without the risk and expense associated with molecular labeling or genetic modification. Our label-free cell cytometer is capable of distinguishing clusters of undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) clusters. The system utilizes a microfluidic device with integrated electrodes for both electrical stimulation and recording of extracellular field potential (FP) signals from suspended cells in flow. The unique electrode configuration provides excellent rejection of field stimulus artifact while enabling sensitive detection of FPs with a noise floor of 2 μV(rms). Cells are self-aligned to the recording electrodes via hydrodynamic flow focusing. Based on automated analysis of these extracellular signals, the system distinguishes cardiomyocytes from non-cardiomyocytes. This is an entirely new approach to cell cytometry, in which a cell's functionality is assessed rather than its expression profile or physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B. Myers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Oscar J. Abilez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher K. Zarins
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author:
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46
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Lieu DK, Turnbull IC, Costa KD, Li RA. Engineered human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac cells and tissues for electrophysiological studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:e209-e217. [PMID: 29422934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human cardiomyocytes (CMs) do not proliferate in culture and are difficult to obtain for practical reasons. As such, our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the physiological and pathophysiological development of the human heart is mostly extrapolated from studies of the mouse and other animal models or heterologus expression of defective gene product(s) in non-human cells. Although these studies provided numerous important insights, much of the exact behavior in human cells remains unexplored given that significant species differences exist. With the derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with underlying heart disease, a source of human CMs for disease modeling, cardiotoxicity screening and drug discovery is now available. In this review, we focus our discussion on the use of hESC/ iPSC-derived cardiac cells and tissues for studying various heart rhythm disorders and the associated pro-arrhythmogenic properties in relation to advancements in electrophysiology and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K Lieu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ronald A Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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47
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Gu Y, Yi F, Liu GH, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Beating in a dish: new hopes for cardiomyocyte regeneration. Cell Res 2012. [PMID: 23184058 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional human cardiomyocytes hold great promise in cell transplantation-based therapy to treat many heart diseases. To meet this devastating and clinical need, researchers are infatuated with developing novel technologies and methodologies to efficiently generate cardiomyocytes through either stem cell differentiation or cell lineage transdifferentiation. Though exciting progress has been made, challenges remain to be addressed before the translation from bench side to bed side can be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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48
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Zwi-Dantsis L, Gepstein L. Induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3285-99. [PMID: 22960788 PMCID: PMC11114685 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial stem cell therapies are emerging as novel therapeutic paradigms for myocardial repair, but are hampered by the lack of sources for autologous human cardiomyocytes. An exciting development in the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine is the ability to reprogram adult somatic cells into pluripotent stem cell lines (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs) and to coax their differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes. This technology holds great promise for the emerging disciplines of personalized and regenerative medicine, because of the ability to derive patient-specific iPSCs that could potentially elude the immune system. The current review describes the latest techniques of generating iPSCs as well as the methods used to direct their differentiation towards the cardiac lineage. We then detail the unique potential as well as the possible hurdles on the road to clinical utilizing of the iPSCs derived cardiomyocytes in the emerging field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Zwi-Dantsis
- The Sohnis Family Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion’s Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, POB 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel
- The Biotechnology Interdisciplinary Unit, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Gepstein
- The Sohnis Family Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion’s Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, POB 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel
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49
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Blazeski A, Zhu R, Hunter DW, Weinberg SH, Boheler KR, Zambidis ET, Tung L. Electrophysiological and contractile function of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 110:178-95. [PMID: 22958937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells have emerged as the prototypical source from which cardiomyocytes can be derived for use in drug discovery and cell therapy. However, such applications require that these cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) faithfully recapitulate the physiology of adult cells, especially in relation to their electrophysiological and contractile function. We review what is known about the electrophysiology of hESC-CMs in terms of beating rate, action potential characteristics, ionic currents, and cellular coupling as well as their contractility in terms of calcium cycling and contraction. We also discuss the heterogeneity in cellular phenotypes that arises from variability in cardiac differentiation, maturation, and culture conditions, and summarize present strategies that have been implemented to reduce this heterogeneity. Finally, we present original electrophysiological data from optical maps of hESC-CM clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Dierickx P, Doevendans PA, Geijsen N, van Laake LW. Embryonic template-based generation and purification of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart repair. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:566-80. [PMID: 22806916 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in Western countries. Many types of cardiovascular diseases are due to a loss of functional cardiomyocytes, which can result in irreversible cardiac failure. Since the adult human heart has limited regenerative potential, cardiac transplantation is still the only effective therapy to address this cardiomyocyte loss. However, drawbacks, such as immune rejection and insufficient donor availability, are limiting this last-resort solution. Recent developments in the stem cell biology field have improved the potential of cardiac regeneration. Improvements in reprogramming strategies of differentiated adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells, together with increased efficiency of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward cardiac myocytes, have brought cell-based heart muscle regeneration a few steps closer to the clinic. In this review, we outline the status of research on cardiac regeneration with a focus on directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward the cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Dierickx
- Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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