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Dupuy J, Fouché E, Noirot C, Martin P, Buisson C, Guéraud F, Pierre F, Héliès-Toussaint C. A dual model of normal vs isogenic Nrf2-depleted murine epithelial cells to explore oxidative stress involvement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10905. [PMID: 38740939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-derived cell lines are useful tools for studying cellular metabolism and xenobiotic toxicity, but they are not suitable for modeling the biological effects of food contaminants or natural biomolecules on healthy colonic epithelial cells in a normal genetic context. The toxicological properties of such compounds may rely on their oxidative properties. Therefore, it appears to be necessary to develop a dual-cell model in a normal genetic context that allows to define the importance of oxidative stress in the observed toxicity. Given that the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered to be the master regulator of antioxidant defenses, our aim was to develop a cellular model comparing normal and Nrf2-depleted isogenic cells to qualify oxidative stress-related toxicity. We generated these cells by using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Whole-genome sequencing enabled us to confirm that our cell lines were free of cancer-related mutations. We used 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation product closely related to oxidative stress, as a model molecule. Here we report significant differences between the two cell lines in glutathione levels, gene regulation, and cell viability after HNE treatment. The results support the ability of our dual-cell model to study the role of oxidative stress in xenobiotic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Dupuy
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Céline Noirot
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Université Fédérale de Toulouse, INRAE, BioinfOmics, GenoToul Bioinformatics Facility, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Martin
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Université Fédérale de Toulouse, INRAE, BioinfOmics, GenoToul Bioinformatics Facility, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- National Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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2
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Steffensen IL, Dirven H, Couderq S, David A, D’Cruz SC, Fernández MF, Mustieles V, Rodríguez-Carillo A, Hofer T. Bisphenols and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers-Associations Found in Human Studies, Evaluation of Methods Used, and Strengths and Weaknesses of the Biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3609. [PMID: 32455625 PMCID: PMC7277872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenols, particularly bisphenol A (4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-diphenol) (BPA), are suspected of inducing oxidative stress in humans, which may be associated with adverse health outcomes. We investigated the associations between exposure to bisphenols and biomarkers of oxidative stress in human studies over the last 12 years (2008‒2019) related to six health endpoints and evaluated their suitability as effect biomarkers. PubMed database searches identified 27 relevant articles that were used for data extraction. In all studies, BPA exposure was reported, whereas some studies also reported other bisphenols. More than a dozen different biomarkers were measured. The most frequently measured biomarkers were 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which almost always were positively associated with BPA. Methodological issues were reported for MDA, mainly the need to handle samples with caution to avoid artefact formation and its measurements using a chromatographic step to distinguish it from similar aldehydes, making some of the MDA results less reliable. Urinary 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane can be considered the most reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress associated with BPA exposure. Although none of the biomarkers are considered BPA- or organ-specific, the biomarkers can be assessed repeatedly and non-invasively in urine and could help to understand causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway; (I.-L.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway; (I.-L.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Stephan Couderq
- Départment “Adaption du Vivant“, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; or
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); or (S.C.D.)
| | - Shereen Cynthia D’Cruz
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); or (S.C.D.)
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.F.); (V.M.); (A.R.-C.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.F.); (V.M.); (A.R.-C.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Carillo
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.F.); (V.M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Tim Hofer
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway; (I.-L.S.); (H.D.)
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3
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Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Li H, Warden C, Liu X, Horne D, Awasthi S, Salgia R, Singhal SS. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone effectively targets RLIP76-mediated drug transport and regulates critical signaling networks in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18053-18068. [PMID: 29719590 PMCID: PMC5915057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Estrogen, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2, HER2), and oxidative stress represent critical mechanistic nodes associated with BC. RLIP76 is a major mercapturic acid pathway transporter whose expression is increased in BC. In the quest of a novel molecule with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential, we evaluated the effects of 2'-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) in BC. 2HF enhanced the inhibitory effects of RLIP76 depletion and also inhibited RLIP76-mediated doxorubicin transport in BC cells. RNA-sequencing revealed that 2HF induces strong reversal of the gene expression pattern in ER+MCF7, HER2+ SKBR3 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 BC cells with minimal effects on MCF10A normal breast epithelial cells. 2HF down regulated ERα and enhanced inhibitory effects of imatinib mesylate/Gleevec in MCF7 cells. 2HF also down regulated ERα and HER2 gene networks in MCF7 and SKBR3 cells, respectively. 2HF activated TP53 and inhibited TGFβ1 canonical pathway in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cells. 2HF also regulated the expression of a number of critical prognostic genes of MammaPrint panel and their upstream targets including TP53, CDKN2A and MYC. The collective findings from this study provide a comprehensive, direct and integrated evidence for the benefits of 2HF in targeting major and clinically relevant mechanistic regulators of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Dalasanur Nagaprashantha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Computational Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Charles Warden
- Department of Genomic Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xueli Liu
- Department of Information Sciences & Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Why should neuroscientists worry about iron? The emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:154-175. [PMID: 29289598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of programmed death, characterised by cytosolic accumulation of iron, lipid hydroperoxides and their metabolites, and effected by the fatal peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane. It is a major driver of cell death in neurodegenerative neurological diseases. Moreover, cascades underpinning ferroptosis could be active drivers of neuropathology in major psychiatric disorders. Oxidative and nitrosative stress can adversely affect mechanisms and proteins governing cellular iron homeostasis, such as the iron regulatory protein/iron response element system, and can ultimately be a source of abnormally high levels of iron and a source of lethal levels of lipid membrane peroxidation. Furthermore, neuroinflammation leads to the upregulation of divalent metal transporter1 on the surface of astrocytes, microglia and neurones, making them highly sensitive to iron overload in the presence of high levels of non-transferrin-bound iron, thereby affording such levels a dominant role in respect of the induction of iron-mediated neuropathology. Mechanisms governing systemic and cellular iron homeostasis, and the related roles of ferritin and mitochondria are detailed, as are mechanisms explaining the negative regulation of ferroptosis by glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, the cysteine/glutamate antiporter system, heat shock protein 27 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The potential role of DJ-1 inactivation in the precipitation of ferroptosis and the assessment of lipid peroxidation are described. Finally, a rational approach to therapy is considered, with a discussion on the roles of coenzyme Q10, iron chelation therapy, in the form of deferiprone, deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) and deferasirox, and N-acetylcysteine.
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Mol M, Regazzoni L, Altomare A, Degani G, Carini M, Vistoli G, Aldini G. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal: Methodological aspects and biological consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:328-344. [PMID: 28161307 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), an electrophilic end-product deriving from lipid peroxidation, undergoes a heterogeneous set of biotransformations including enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. The former mostly involve red-ox reactions on the HNE oxygenated functions (phase I metabolism) and GSH conjugations (phase II) while the latter are due to the HNE capacity to spontaneously condense with nucleophilic sites within endogenous molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids. The overall metabolic fate of HNE has recently attracted great interest not only because it clearly determines the HNE disposal, but especially because the generated metabolites and adducts are not inactive molecules (as initially believed) but show biological activities even more pronounced than those of the parent compound as exemplified by potent pro-inflammatory stimulus induced by GSH conjugates. Similarly, several studies revealed that the non-enzymatic reactions, initially considered as damaging processes randomly involving all endogenous nucleophilic reactants, are in fact quite selective in terms of both reactivity of the nucleophilic sites and stability of the generated adducts. Even though many formed adducts retain the expected toxic consequences, some adducts exhibit well-defined beneficial roles as documented by the protective effects of sublethal concentrations of HNE against toxic concentrations of HNE. Clearly, future investigations are required to gain a more detailed understanding of the metabolic fate of HNE as well as to identify novel targets involved in the biological activity of the HNE metabolites. These studies are and will be permitted by the continuous progress in the analytical methods for the identification and quantitation of novel HNE metabolites as well as for proteomic analyses able to offer a comprehensive picture of the HNE-induced adducted targets. On these grounds, the present review will focus on the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic HNE biotransformations discussing both the molecular mechanisms involved and the biological effects elicited. The review will also describe the most important analytical enhancements that have permitted the here discussed advancements in our understanding of the HNE metabolic fate and which will permit in a near future an even better knowledge of this enigmatic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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6
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Castro JP, Jung T, Grune T, Siems W. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) modified proteins in metabolic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:309-315. [PMID: 27815191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is one of the quantitatively most important products of lipid peroxidation. Due to its high toxicity it is quickly metabolized, however, a small share of HNE avoids enzymatic detoxification and reacts with biomolecules including proteins. The formation of HNE-protein-adducts is one of the accompanying processes in oxidative stress or redox disbalance. The modification of proteins might occur at several amino acids side chains, leading to a variety of products and having effects on the protein function and fate. This review summarizes current knowledge on the formation of HNE-modified proteins, their fate in mammalian cells and their potential role as a damaging agents during oxidative stress. Furthermore, the potential of HNE-modified proteins as biomarkers for several diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), Aging and Stress Group, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster for Nutritional Sciences Berlin-Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Werner Siems
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Gerontology of Kortexmed, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany; University of Salzburg, Institute of Biology, Department of Cellular Physiology, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Guéraud F. 4-Hydroxynonenal metabolites and adducts in pre-carcinogenic conditions and cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:196-208. [PMID: 28065782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is an amazing reactive compound, originating from lipid peroxidation within cells but also in food and considered as a "second messenger" of oxidative stress. Due to its chemical features, HNE is able to make covalent links with DNA, proteins and lipids. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive summary of the chemical properties of HNE and of the consequences of its reactivity in relation to cancer development. The formation of exocyclic etheno-and propano-adducts and genotoxic effects are addressed. The adduction to cellular proteins and the repercussions on the regulation of cell signaling pathways involved in cancer development are reviewed, notably on the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. The metabolic pathways leading to the inactivation/elimination or, on the contrary, to the bioactivation of HNE are considered. A special focus is given on the link between HNE and colorectal cancer development, due to its occurrence in foodstuffs and in the digestive lumen, during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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8
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Van Hecke T, Jakobsen LMA, Vossen E, Guéraud F, De Vos F, Pierre F, Bertram HCS, De Smet S. Short-term beef consumption promotes systemic oxidative stress, TMAO formation and inflammation in rats, and dietary fat content modulates these effects. Food Funct 2016; 7:3760-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High beef consumption induces oxidative stress in gastrointestinal mucosae and extra-gastrointestinal organs such as the heart and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Hecke
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality
- Department of Animal Production
- Ghent University
- Melle
- Belgium
| | | | - Els Vossen
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality
- Department of Animal Production
- Ghent University
- Melle
- Belgium
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- UMR1331 Toxalim
- INRA
- INP
- UPS
- Team 9 “Prevention and Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food”
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- UMR1331 Toxalim
- INRA
- INP
- UPS
- Team 9 “Prevention and Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food”
| | - Hanne C. S. Bertram
- Food
- metabolomics and sensory
- Department of Food Science
- Aarhus University
- Årslev
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality
- Department of Animal Production
- Ghent University
- Melle
- Belgium
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Schaur RJ, Siems W, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal-A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2247-337. [PMID: 26437435 PMCID: PMC4693237 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J Schaur
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 33a, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Werner Siems
- Institute for Medical Education, KortexMed GmbH, Hindenburgring 12a, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter M Eckl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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10
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Study of urinary 2-{[2-(acetylamino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}butanedioic acid, a mercapturic acid of rats treated with maleic acid. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:131-7. [PMID: 25997398 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maleic anhydride was reported illegally adulterated into starch to prepare traditional foods for decades in Taiwan. Maleic acid (MA), hydrolyzed from maleic anhydride, could cause kidney damages to animals. The potential health effects due to long-term MA exposures through food consumption have been of great concerns. Assessment of the dietary MA exposures could be very difficult and complicated. One of the alternatives is to analyze an MA-specific biomarker to assess the daily total MA intake. Therefore, this paper aimed to study the mercapturic acid of MA, 2-{[2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}butanedioic acid (MAMA), with our newly-developed isotope-dilution online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-SPE-LC-MS/MS) method. MAMA was first synthesized, purified, and characterized with NMR to reveal two diastereomers and used for developing the analytical method. The method was validated to reveal excellent sensitivity with a LOD at 16.3ng/mL and a LOQ at 20.6ng/mL and used to analyze MAMA in urine samples collected from Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single dose of 0mg/kg, 6mg/kg, and 60mg/kg (n=5) of MA through gavage. Our results show dose-dependent increases in urinary MAMA contents, and 70% MAMA was excreted within 12h with no gender differences (p>0.05). A half life of urinary MAMA was estimated at 6.8h for rat. The formation of urinary MAMA validates it as a chemically-specific biomarker for current MA exposure. Future study of MA metabolism in vivo will elucidate mechanisms of MAMA formation, and analysis of this marker in epidemiology studies could help to shed light on the causal effects of MA on human.
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Moschini R, Peroni E, Rotondo R, Renzone G, Melck D, Cappiello M, Srebot M, Napolitano E, Motta A, Scaloni A, Mura U, Del-Corso A. NADP(+)-dependent dehydrogenase activity of carbonyl reductase on glutathionylhydroxynonanal as a new pathway for hydroxynonenal detoxification. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:66-76. [PMID: 25680283 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An NADP(+)-dependent dehydrogenase activity on 3-glutathionyl-4-hydroxynonanal (GSHNE) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a line of human astrocytoma cells (ADF). Proteomic analysis identified this enzymatic activity as associated with carbonyl reductase 1 (EC 1.1.1.184). The enzyme is highly efficient at catalyzing the oxidation of GSHNE (KM 33 µM, kcat 405 min(-1)), as it is practically inactive toward trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and other HNE-adducted thiol-containing amino acid derivatives. Combined mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the reaction products revealed that carbonyl reductase oxidizes the hydroxyl group of GSHNE in its hemiacetal form, with the formation of the corresponding 3-glutathionylnonanoic-δ-lactone. The relevance of this new reaction catalyzed by carbonyl reductase 1 is discussed in terms of HNE detoxification and the recovery of reducing power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Moschini
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Peroni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Rotondo
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-CNR, I-80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dominique Melck
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, ICB-CNR, I-80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Srebot
- Health Unit 5 Pisa, Gynecology and Obstetric Unit, Pontedera Hospital, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, ICB-CNR, I-80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-CNR, I-80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Umberto Mura
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Del-Corso
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Bocci V, Valacchi G. Nrf2 activation as target to implement therapeutic treatments. Front Chem 2015; 3:4. [PMID: 25699252 PMCID: PMC4313773 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic increase of oxidative stress is typical of serious pathologies such as myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic limb ischemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type II-diabetes, age-related macular degeneration leads to an epic increase of morbidity and mortality in all countries of the world. The initial inflammation followed by an excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) implies a diffused cellular injury that needs to be corrected by an inducible expression of the innate detoxifying and antioxidant system. The transcription factor Nrf2, when properly activated, is able to restore a redox homeostasis and possibly improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Keller J, Baradat M, Jouanin I, Debrauwer L, Guéraud F. "Twin peaks": searching for 4-hydroxynonenal urinary metabolites after oral administration in rats. Redox Biol 2014; 4:136-48. [PMID: 25560242 PMCID: PMC4309853 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a cytotoxic and genotoxic lipid oxidation secondary product which is formed endogenously upon peroxidation of cellular n-6 fatty acids. However, it can also be formed in food or during digestion, upon peroxidation of dietary lipids. Several studies have evidenced that we are exposed through food to significant concentrations of HNE that could pose a toxicological concern. It is then of importance to known how HNE is metabolized after oral administration. Although its metabolism has been studied after intravenous administration in order to mimick endogenous formation, its in vivo fate after oral administration had never been studied. In order to identify and quantify urinary HNE metabolites after oral administration in rats, radioactive and stable isotopes of HNE were used and urine was analyzed by radio-chromatography (radio-HPLC) and chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Radioactivity distribution revealed that 48% of the administered radioactivity was excreted into urine and 15% into feces after 24h, while 3% were measured in intestinal contents and 2% in major organs, mostly in the liver. Urinary radio-HPLC profiles revealed 22 major peaks accounting for 88% of the urinary radioactivity. For identification purpose, HNE and its stable isotope [1,2-(13)C]-HNE were given at equimolar dose to be able to univocally identify HNE metabolites by tracking twin peaks on HPLC-HRMS spectra. The major peak was identified as 9-hydroxy-nonenoic acid (27% of the urinary radioactivity) followed by classical HNE mercapturic acid derivatives (the mercapturic acid conjugate of di-hydroxynonane (DHN-MA), the mercapturic acid conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA-MA) in its opened and lactone form) and by metabolites that are oxidized in the terminal position. New urinary metabolites as thiomethyl and glucuronide conjugates were also evidenced. Some analyses were also performed on feces and gastro-intestinal contents, revealing the presence of tritiated water that could originate from beta-oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Keller
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, INP, UPS, Team 9 "Prevention, Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food", BP 93173, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Maryse Baradat
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, INP, UPS, Team 9 "Prevention, Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food", BP 93173, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, INP, UPS, Axiom Platform, BP 93173, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, INP, UPS, Axiom Platform, BP 93173, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, INP, UPS, Team 9 "Prevention, Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food", BP 93173, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse CEDEX, France.
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14
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Sadhukhan S, Han Y, Jin Z, Tochtrop GP, Zhang GF. Glutathionylated 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenal enantiomers in rat organs and their contributions toward the disposal of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal in rat liver. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:78-85. [PMID: 24556413 PMCID: PMC4040968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The major route for elimination of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (4-HNE) has long been considered to be through glutathionylation and eventual excretion as a mercapturic acid conjugate. To better quantitate the glutathionylation process, we developed a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the detection of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenal enantiomers having a carbon skeleton of C5 to C12. The newly developed method enabled us to quantify 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenal-glutathione diastereomers in various organs, i.e., liver, heart, and brain. We identified the addition of iodoacetic acid as a critical step during sample preparation to avoid an overestimation of glutathione-alkenal conjugation. Specifically, we found that in the absence of a quenching step reduced GSH and 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenals react very rapidly during the extraction and concentration steps of sample preparation. Rat liver perfused with d11-4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (d11-4-HNE) revealed enantioselective conjugation with GSH and transportation out of the liver. In the d11-4-HNE-perfused rat livers, the amount of d11-(S)-4-HNE-GSH released from the rat liver was higher than that of d11-(R)-4-HNE-GSH, and more d11-(R)-4-HNE-GSH than d11-(S)-4-HNE-GSH remained in the perfused liver tissues. Overall, the glutathionylation pathway was found to account for only 8.7% of the disposition of 4-HNE, whereas catabolism to acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and formate represented the major detoxification pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gregory P Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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15
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Niki E. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical material. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:809-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Kiwamoto R, Rietjens IMCM, Punt A. A Physiologically Based in Silico Model for trans-2-Hexenal Detoxification and DNA Adduct Formation in Rat. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2630-41. [DOI: 10.1021/tx3002669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kiwamoto
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | | | - Ans Punt
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen,
The Netherlands
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17
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Il'yasova D, Scarbrough P, Spasojevic I. Urinary biomarkers of oxidative status. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1446-53. [PMID: 22683781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the etiology and pathology of many health conditions, including a large number of chronic diseases. Urinary biomarkers of oxidative status present a great opportunity to study redox balance in human populations. With urinary biomarkers, specimen collection is non-invasive and the organic/metal content is low, which minimizes the artifactual formation of oxidative damage to molecules in specimens. Also, urinary levels of the biomarkers present intergraded indices of redox balance over a longer period of time compared to blood levels. This review summarizes the criteria for evaluation of biomarkers applicable to epidemiological studies and evaluation of several classes of biomarkers that are formed non-enzymatically: oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, DNA, and allantoin, an oxidative product of uric acid. The review considers formation, metabolism, and exertion of each biomarker, available data on validation in animal and clinical models of oxidative stress, analytical approaches, and their intra- and inter-individual variation. The recommended biomarkers for monitoring oxidative status over time are F₂-isoprostanes and 8-oxodG. For inter-individual comparisons, F₂-isoprostanes are recommended, whereas urinary 8-oxodG levels may be confounded by differences in the DNA repair capacity. Promising urinary biomarkers include allantoin, acrolein-lysine, and dityrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2715, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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18
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Abstract
It is proposed to discuss how ozonetherapy acts on patients affected by vascular and degenerative diseases. Ozone is a strong oxidant but, if used in small dosages on human blood ex vivo, acts as an acceptable stressor. By instantly reacting with PUFA bound to albumin, ozone is entirely consumed but generates two messengers acting in an early and in a late phase: the former is due to hydrogen peroxide, which triggers biochemical pathways on blood cells and the latter is due to alkenals which are infused into the donor patient. After undergoing a partial catabolism, alkenals enter into a great number of body's cells, where they react with Nrf2-Keap1 protein: the transfer of activated Nrf2 into the nucleus and its binding to antioxidant response element (ARE) is the crucial event able to upregulate the synthesis of antioxidant proteins, phase II enzymes and HO-1. With the progress of ozonetherapy, these protective enzymes are able to reverse the oxidative stress induced by chronic inflammation. Consequently, the repetition of graduated stresses induces a multiform adaptive response able to block the progress of the disease and to improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Physiology, University of Siena, Italy.
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19
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Kuiper HC, Stevens JF. LC-MS/MS quantitation of mercapturic acid conjugates of lipid peroxidation products as markers of oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 17:Unit17.14.2. [PMID: 21442005 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1714s45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) leads to the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic 2-alkenals. LPO products such as 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal (ONE) have been the subject of many studies due to their association with the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. LPO products are excreted in the urine after conjugation with glutathione (GSH) and subsequent metabolism to mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates. Urinary LPO-MA metabolites are stable end-product metabolites and have gained interest as non-invasive in vivo biomarkers of oxidative stress. This protocol describes a method for the quantitative analysis of LPO-MA metabolites in urine using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Included are protocols for preparation of labeled LPO-MA conjugates from unlabeled LPO products and deuterium labeled MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Kuiper
- Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
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20
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Pettazzoni P, Ciamporcero E, Medana C, Pizzimenti S, Dal Bello F, Minero VG, Toaldo C, Minelli R, Uchida K, Dianzani MU, Pili R, Barrera G. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 activity controls 4-hydroxynonenal metabolism and activity in prostate cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1610-8. [PMID: 21816220 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is an end product of lipoperoxidation with antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties in various tumors. Here we report a greater sensitivity to HNE in PC3 and LNCaP cells compared to DU145 cells. In contrast to PC3 and LNCaP cells, HNE-treated DU145 cells showed a smaller reduction in growth and did not undergo apoptosis. In DU145 cells, HNE did not induce ROS production and DNA damage and generated a lower amount of HNE-protein adducts. DU145 cells had a greater GSH and GST A4 content and GSH/GST-mediated HNE detoxification. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of the antioxidant response. Nrf2 protein content and nuclear accumulation were higher in DU145 cells compared to PC3 and LNCaP cells, whereas the expression of KEAP1, the main negative regulator of Nrf2 activity, was lower. Inhibition of Nrf2 expression with specific siRNA resulted in a reduction in GST A4 expression and GS-HNE formation, indicating that Nrf2 controls HNE metabolism. In addition, Nrf2 knockdown sensitized DU145 cells to HNE-mediated antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that increased Nrf2 activity resulted in a reduction in HNE sensitivity in prostate cancer cells, suggesting a potential mechanism of resistance to pro-oxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Pettazzoni
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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21
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Jouanin I, Baradat M, Gieules M, Taché S, Pierre FHF, Guéraud F, Debrauwer L. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric tracking of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal biotransformations by mouse colon epithelial cells using [1,2-13C2]-4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal as stable isotope tracer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2675-2681. [PMID: 21913243 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), a product of lipid peroxidation, has been extensively studied in several areas, including metabolism with radio-isotopes and quantification in various matrices with deuterium-labelled HNE as standard. The aim of this work was to evaluate the relevance of (13)C-labelled HNE in biotransformation studies to discriminate metabolites from endogens by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). (13)C-Labelled HNE was synthesised in improved overall yield (20%), with the incorporation of two labels in the molecule. Immortalised mouse colon epithelial cells were incubated with 2:3 molar amounts of HNE/(13)C-HNE in order to gain information on the detection of metabolites in complex media. Our results demonstrated that the stable isotope m/z values determined by mass spectrometry were relevant in distinguishing metabolites from endogens, and that metabolite structures could be deduced. Six conjugate metabolites and 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenoic acid were identified, together with an incompletely identified metabolite. Stable-isotope-labelled HNE has already been used for quantification purposes. However, this is the first report on the use of (13)C-labelled HNE as a tracer for in vitro metabolism. (13)C-Labelled HNE could also be of benefit for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jouanin
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France.
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22
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Amunom I, Dieter LJ, Tamasi V, Cai J, Conklin DJ, Srivastava S, Martin MV, Guengerich FP, Prough RA. Cytochromes P450 catalyze the reduction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1223-30. [PMID: 21766881 DOI: 10.1021/tx200080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, involves oxidation to carboxylic acids, reduction to alcohols, and glutathionylation to eventually form mercapturide conjugates. Recently, we demonstrated that P450s can oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids, a reaction previously thought to involve aldehyde dehydrogenase. When recombinant cytochrome P450 3A4 was incubated with 4-hydroxynonenal, O(2), and NADPH, several products were produced, including 1,4-dihydroxynonene (DHN), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNA), and an unknown metabolite. Several P450s catalyzed the reduction reaction in the order (human) P450 2B6 ≅ P450 3A4 > P450 1A2 > P450 2J2 > (mouse) P450 2c29. Other P450s did not catalyze the reduction reaction (human P450 2E1 and rabbit P450 2B4). Metabolism by isolated rat hepatocytes showed that HNA formation was inhibited by cyanamide, while DHN formation was not affected. Troleandomycin increased HNA production 1.6-fold while inhibiting DHN formation, suggesting that P450 3A11 is a major enzyme involved in rat hepatic clearance of 4-HNE. A fluorescent assay was developed using 9-anthracenealdehyde to measure both reactions. Feeding mice a diet containing t-butylated hydroxyanisole increased the level of both activities with hepatic microsomal fractions but not proportionally. Miconazole (0.5 mM) was a potent inhibitor of these microsomal reduction reactions, while phenytoin and α-naphthoflavone (both at 0.5 mM) were partial inhibitors, suggesting the role of multiple P450 enzymes. The oxidative metabolism of these aldehydes was inhibited >90% in an Ar or CO atmosphere, while the reductive reactions were not greatly affected. These results suggest that P450s are significant catalysts of the reduction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculate Amunom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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23
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Bocci V, Zanardi I, Travagli V. Oxygen/ozone as a medical gas mixture. A critical evaluation of the various methods clarifies positive and negative aspects. Med Gas Res 2011; 1:6. [PMID: 22146387 PMCID: PMC3231820 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides oxygen, several other gases such as NO, CO, H2, H2S, Xe and O3 have come to age over the past few years. With regards to O3, its mechanisms of action in medicine have been clarified during the last two decades so that now a comprehensive framework for understanding and recommending ozone therapy in various pathologies is available. O3 used within the determined therapeutic window is absolutely safe and more effective than golden standard medications in numerous pathologies, like vascular diseases. However, ozone therapy is mostly in practitioners' hands and some recent developments for increasing cost effectiveness and speed of treatment are neither standardized, nor evaluated toxicologically. Hence, the aim of this article is to emphasize the need to objectively assess the pros and cons of oxygen/ozone as a medical gas mixture in the hope that ozone therapy will be accepted by orthodox medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Viale Aldo Moro, 2 - 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Kuiper HC, Bruno RS, Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamin C supplementation lowers urinary levels of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal metabolites in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:848-53. [PMID: 21236333 PMCID: PMC3046321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The lack of suitable biomarkers of oxidative stress is a common problem for antioxidant intervention studies in humans. We evaluated the efficacy of vitamin C supplementation in decreasing biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in nonsmokers and in cigarette smokers, a commonly studied, free-living human model of chronic oxidative stress. Participants received ascorbic acid (500mg twice per day) or placebo for 17 days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design study. The urinary biomarkers assessed and reported herein are derived from 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal (HPNE) and include the mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), 1,4-dihydroxy-2(E)-nonene (DHN), and 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenol(ONO). Vitamin C supplementation decreased the urinary concentrations of both ONO-MA (p=0.0013) and HNE-MA (p=0.0213) by ~30%; however, neither cigarette smoking nor sex affected these biomarkers. In contrast, vitamin C supplementation decreased urinary concentrations of DHN-MA (three-way interaction p=0.0304) in nonsmoking men compared with nonsmoking women (p<0.05), as well as in nonsmoking men compared with smoking men (p<0.05). Vitamin C supplementation also decreased (p=0.0092) urinary total of metabolites by ~20%. Thus, HPNE metabolites can be reduced favorably in response to improved plasma ascorbic acid concentrations, an effect due to ascorbic acid antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Kuiper
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G. Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
- Corresponding author. Linus Pauling Institute, 571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Fax: + 1 541 737 5077.
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Guéraud F, Atalay M, Bresgen N, Cipak A, Eckl PM, Huc L, Jouanin I, Siems W, Uchida K. Chemistry and biochemistry of lipid peroxidation products. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1098-124. [PMID: 20836659 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.498477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and resulting lipid peroxidation is involved in various and numerous pathological states including inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review is focused on recent advances concerning the formation, metabolism and reactivity towards macromolecules of lipid peroxidation breakdown products, some of which being considered as 'second messengers' of oxidative stress. This review relates also new advances regarding apoptosis induction, survival/proliferation processes and autophagy regulated by 4-hydroxynonenal, a major product of omega-6 fatty acid peroxidation, in relationship with detoxication mechanisms. The use of these lipid peroxidation products as oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation biomarkers is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guéraud
- UMR1089 Xénobiotiques, INRA, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Siems W, Crifo C, Capuozzo E, Uchida K, Grune T, Salerno C. Metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 503:248-52. [PMID: 20804722 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major product and mediator of oxidative stress and inflammation, is analyzed in resting and fMLP-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), where this compound is generated during activation of the respiratory burst. HNE consumption rate in PMNL is very low, if compared to other cell types (rat hepatocytes, rabbit fibroblasts), where HNE metabolism is always an important part of secondary antioxidative defense mechanisms. More than 98% of HNE metabolites are identified. The pattern of HNE intermediates is quite similar in stimulated and resting PMNL - except for higher water formation in resting PMNL - while the initial velocity of HNE degradation is somewhat higher in resting cells, 0.44 instead of 0.28 nmol/(min×10(6) cells). The main products of HNE metabolism are 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA), 1,4-dihydroxynonene (DHN) and the glutathione adducts with HNE, HNA, and DHN. Protein-bound HNE and water account for about 3-4% of the total HNE derivatives in stimulated cells, while in resting cells protein-bound HNE and water are 4% and 20%, respectively. Cysteinyl-glycine-HNE adduct and mercapturic acids contribute to about 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Siems
- Department of Physiotherapy and Gerontology, KortexMed Institute of Medical Education, Bad Harzburg, Germany
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Long EK, Picklo MJ. Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, a product of n-3 fatty acid peroxidation: make some room HNE.. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1-8. [PMID: 20353821 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation yields multiple aldehyde species. Of these, trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), derived from n-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is one of the most studied products of lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, oxidative damage to n-3 PUFA, e.g. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6, n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid, is now recognized as an important effector of oxidative stress and is of particular interest in n-3 rich tissues such as brain and retina. Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) is a major alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde product of n-3 PUFA oxidation and, like HNE, is an active biochemical mediator resulting from lipid peroxidation. HHE adducts are elevated in disease states, in some cases, at higher levels than the corresponding HNE adduct. HHE has properties in common with HNE, but there are important differences particularly with respect to adduction targets and detoxification pathways. In this review, the biochemistry and cell biology of HHE will be discussed. From this review, it is clear that further study is needed to determine the biochemical and physiological roles of HHE and its related aldehyde, trans-4-oxo-2-hexenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA
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Kuiper HC, Langsdorf BL, Miranda CL, Joss J, Jubert C, Mata JE, Stevens JF. Quantitation of mercapturic acid conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal metabolites in a smoking cessation study. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:65-72. [PMID: 19819328 PMCID: PMC2818256 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) under conditions of oxidative stress results in the formation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. These LPO products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) can contribute to the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Conjugation with glutathione, followed by further metabolism to mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates, can mitigate the effects of these LPO products in disease development by facilitating their excretion from the body. We have developed a quantitative method to simultaneously assess levels of 4-oxo-2-nonen-1-ol (ONO)-MA, HNE-MA, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-nonene (DHN)-MA in human urine samples utilizing isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. We are also able to detect 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNA)-MA, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid lactone (HNAL)-MA, and 4-oxo-2-nonenoic acid (ONA)-MA with this method. The detection of ONO-MA and ONA-MA in humans is significant because it demonstrates that HNE/ONE branching occurs in the breakdown of PUFAs and suggests that ONO may contribute to the harmful effects currently associated with HNE. We were able to show significant decreases in HNE-MA, DHN-MA, and total LPO-MA in a group of seven smokers upon smoking cessation. These data demonstrate the value of HNE and ONE metabolites as in vivo markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Kuiper
- Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Zhu X, Gallogly MM, Mieyal JJ, Anderson VE, Sayre LM. Covalent cross-linking of glutathione and carnosine to proteins by 4-oxo-2-nonenal. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1050-9. [PMID: 19480392 DOI: 10.1021/tx9000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The lipid oxidation product 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) derived from peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a highly reactive protein cross-linking reagent. The major family of cross-links reflects conjugate addition of side chain nucleophiles such as sulfhydryl or imidazole groups to the C triple bond C of ONE to give either a 2- or 3-substituted 4-ketoaldehyde, which then undergoes Paal-Knorr condensation with the primary amine of protein lysine side chains. If ONE is intercepted in biological fluids by antielectrophiles such as glutathione (GSH) or beta-alanylhistidine (carnosine), this would lead to circulating 4-ketoaldehydes that could then bind covalently to the protein Lys residues. This phenomenon was investigated by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and LC-ESI-MS/MS with both tryptic and chymotryptic digestion). Under the reaction conditions of 0.25-2 mM ONE, 1 mM GSH or carnosine, 0.25 mM bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG), and 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 10% ethanol) for 24 h at 37 degrees C, virtually every Lys of beta-LG was found to be fractionally cross-linked to GSH. Cross-linking of Lys to carnosine was less efficient. Using cytochrome c and RNase A, we showed that ONE becomes more protein-reactive in the presence of GSH, whereas protein modification by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is inhibited by GSH. Stable antielectrophile-ONE-protein cross-links may serve as biomarkers of oxidative stress and may represent a novel mechanism of irreversible protein glutathionylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhu
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Bocci V, Borrelli E, Travagli V, Zanardi I. The ozone paradox: ozone is a strong oxidant as well as a medical drug. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:646-82. [PMID: 19260079 DOI: 10.1002/med.20150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
After five decades characterized by empiricism and several pitfalls, some of the basic mechanisms of action of ozone in pulmonary toxicology and in medicine have been clarified. The present knowledge allows to understand the prolonged inhalation of ozone can be very deleterious first for the lungs and successively for the whole organism. On the other hand, a small ozone dose well calibrated against the potent antioxidant capacity of blood can trigger several useful biochemical mechanisms and reactivate the antioxidant system. In detail, firstly ex vivo and second during the infusion of ozonated blood into the donor, the ozone therapy approach involves blood cells and the endothelium, which by transferring the ozone messengers to billions of cells will generate a therapeutic effect. Thus, in spite of a common prejudice, single ozone doses can be therapeutically used in selected human diseases without any toxicity or side effects. Moreover, the versatility and amplitude of beneficial effect of ozone applications have become evident in orthopedics, cutaneous, and mucosal infections as well as in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Physiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Hayes JD, Pulford DJ. The Glut athione S-Transferase Supergene Family: Regulation of GST and the Contribution of the lsoenzymes to Cancer Chemoprotection and Drug Resistance Part II. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10409239509083492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Falletti O, Douki T. Low Glutathione Level Favors Formation of DNA Adducts to 4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal, a Major Lipid Peroxidation Product. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2097-105. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Falletti
- DSM/INAC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA/UJF/Laboratoire “Lésions des Acides Nucléiques”, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Douki
- DSM/INAC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA/UJF/Laboratoire “Lésions des Acides Nucléiques”, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Tanaka Y, Aleksunes LM, Goedken MJ, Chen C, Reisman SA, Manautou JE, Klaassen CD. Coordinated induction of Nrf2 target genes protects against iron nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA)-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 231:364-73. [PMID: 18617210 PMCID: PMC2582522 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA), induces acute proximal tubular necrosis as a consequence of lipid peroxidation and oxidative tissue damage. Chronic exposure of FeNTA leads to a high incidence of renal adenocarcinomas in rodents. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is activated by oxidative stress and electrophiles, and regulates the basal and inducible expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant genes. To determine the roles of Nrf2 in regulating renal gene expression and protecting against oxidative stress-induced kidney damage, wild-type and Nrf2-null mice were administered FeNTA. Renal Nrf2 protein translocated to the nucleus at 6h after FeNTA treatment. FeNTA increased mRNA levels of Nrf2 target genes, including NQO1, GCLC, GSTpi1/2, Mrp1, 2, and 4 in kidneys from wild-type mice, but not Nrf2-null mice. Protein expression of NQO1, a prototypical Nrf2 target gene, was increased in wild-type mice, with no change in Nrf2-null mice. FeNTA produced more nephrotoxicity in Nrf2-null mice than wild-type mice as indicated by higher serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, as more urinary NAG, stronger 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct staining, and more extensive proximal tubule damage. Furthermore, pretreatment with CDDO-Im, a potent small molecule Nrf2 activator, protected mice against FeNTA-induced renal toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of Nrf2 protects mouse kidneys from FeNTA-induced oxidative stress damage by coordinately up-regulating the expression of cytoprotective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
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35
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Oxidative stress and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: A pilot study in children. J Cyst Fibros 2008; 7:373-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kuiper HC, Miranda CL, Sowell JD, Stevens JF. Mercapturic acid conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal metabolites are in vivo markers of oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17131-8. [PMID: 18442969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802797200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation leads to the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic 2-alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE). Lipid-derived reactive aldehydes are subject to phase-2 metabolism and are predominantly found as mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates in urine. This study shows evidence for the in vivo formation of ONE and its phase-1 metabolites, 4-oxo-2-nonen-1-ol (ONO) and 4-oxo-2-nonenoic acid (ONA). We have detected the MA conjugates of HNE, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-nonene (DHN), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNA), the lactone of HNA, ONE, ONO, and ONA in rat urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry comparison with synthetic standards prepared in our laboratory. CCl(4) treatment of rats, a widely accepted animal model of acute oxidative stress, resulted in a significant increase in the urinary levels of DHN-MA, HNA-MA lactone, ONE-MA, and ONA-MA. Our data suggest that conjugates of HNE and ONE metabolites have value as markers of in vivo oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Kuiper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 97331, USA
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37
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Aldini G, Vistoli G, Regazzoni L, Gamberoni L, Facino RM, Yamaguchi S, Uchida K, Carini M. Albumin is the main nucleophilic target of human plasma: a protective role against pro-atherogenic electrophilic reactive carbonyl species? Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:824-35. [PMID: 18324789 DOI: 10.1021/tx700349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the metabolic fate of 4-hydroxy- trans-2-nonenal (HNE) in human plasma, which represents the main vascular site of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) formation and where the main pro-atherogenic target proteins are formed. When HNE was spiked in human plasma, it rapidly disappeared (within 40 s) and no phase I metabolites were detected, suggesting that the main fate of HNE is due to an adduction mechanism. HNE consumption was then monitored in two plasma fractions: low molecular weight plasma protein fractions (<10 kDa; LMWF) and high molecular weight plasma protein fractions (>10 kDa; HMWF). HNE was almost stable in LMWF, while in HMWF it was consumed by almost 70% within 5 min. Proteomics identified albumin (HSA) as the main protein target, as further confirmed by a significantly reduced HNE quenching of dealbuminated plasma. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified Cys34 and Lys199 as the most reactive adduction sites of HSA, through the formation of a Michael and Schiff base adducts, respectively. The rate constant of HNE trapping by albumin was 50.61 +/- 1.89 M (-1) s (-1) and that of Cys34 (29.37 M (-1) s (-1)) was 1 order of magnitude higher with respect to that of GSH (3.81 +/- 0.17 M (-1) s (-1)), as explained by molecular modeling studies. In conclusion, we suggest that albumin, through nucleophilic residues, and in particular Cys34, can act as an endogenous detoxifying agent of circulating RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Pietro Pratesi, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, I-20131, Milan, Italy.
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Jouanin I, Sreevani V, Rathahao E, Guéraud F, Paris A. Synthesis of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal with13C stable isotope incorporation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders and diseases. Biomarkers are needed for assessment of oxidative stress status in vivo and also for health examination, diagnosis at early stage, prognosis, safe and efficient drug development, and evaluation of efficacy of drugs, foods, beverages, and supplements. Lipids are susceptible to oxidation and lipid peroxidation products are potential biomarkers for oxidative stress status in vivo and its related diseases. Recently, isoprostane, isoprostaglandin homologues from arachidonic acid, neuroprostanes from docosahexaenoic acid, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid from linoleic acid, and oxysterols from cholesterol have received much attention as potential biomarkers for oxidative stress status in vivo. The physiological levels of these lipid peroxidation products and potential application as biomarkers will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Ikeda, Japan.
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Poli G, Schaur R, Siems W, Leonarduzzi G. 4-Hydroxynonenal: A membrane lipid oxidation product of medicinal interest. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:569-631. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Orioli M, Aldini G, Benfatto MC, Facino RM, Carini M. HNE Michael adducts to histidine and histidine-containing peptides as biomarkers of lipid-derived carbonyl stress in urines: LC-MS/MS profiling in Zucker obese rats. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9174-84. [PMID: 17979257 DOI: 10.1021/ac7016184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) approach, based on the precursor ion scanning technique using a triple-stage quadrupole, has been developed to detect free and protein-bound histidine (His) residues modified by reactive carbonyl species (RCS) generated by lipid peroxidation. This approach has been applied to urines from Zucker obese rats, a nondiabetic animal model characterized by obesity and hyperlipidemia, where RCS formation plays a key role in the development of renal and cardiac dysfunction. The immonium ion of His at m/z 110 was used as a specific product ion of His-containing peptides to generate precursor ion spectra, followed by MS2 acquisitions of each precursor ion of interest for structural characterization. By this approach, three novel adducts, which are excreted in free form only, have been identified, two of them originating from the conjugation of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) to His, followed by reduction/oxidation of the aldehyde: His-1,4-dihydroxynonane (His-DHN), His-4-hydroxynonanoic acid (His-HNA), and carnosine-HNE, this last recognized in previous in vitro studies as a new potential biomarker of carbonyl stress. No free His-HNE was found in urines, which was detected only in protein hydrolysates. The same LC-MS/MS method, working in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, has been developed, validated, and applied to quantitatively profile in Zucker urines both conventional (1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid, DHN-MA) and the newly identified adducts, except His-HNA. The analytes were separated on a C12 reversed-phase column by gradient elution from 100% A (water containing 5 mM nonafluoropentanoic acid) to 80% B (acetonitrile) in 24 min at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and analyzed for quantification in MRM mode by applying the following precursor-to-product ion transitions m/z 322.2 --> 164.1 + 130.1 (DHN-MA), m/z 314.7 --> 268.2 + 110.1 (His-DHN), m/z 312.2 --> 110.1 + 156.0 (His-HNE), m/z 383.1 --> 266.2 + 110.1 (CAR-HNE), m/z 319.2 --> 301.6 + 156.5 (H-Tyr-His-OH, internal standard). Precision and accuracy data, as well as the lower limits of quantification in urine, were highly satisfactory (from 0.01 nmol/mL for CAR-HNE, His-DHN, His-HNE, to 0.075 nmol/mL for DHN-MA). The method, applied to evaluate for the first time the advanced lipoxidation end products profile in urine from obese Zucker rats, an animal model for the metabolic syndrome, has proved to be suitable and sensitive enough for testing in vivo the carbonyl quenching ability of newly developed RCS sequestering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Orioli
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica "Pietro Pratesi", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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Sekine S, Kubo K, Tadokoro T, Saito M. Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Ingestion on Temporal Change in Urinary Excretion of Mercapturic Acid in ODS Rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 41:184-90. [PMID: 18299714 PMCID: PMC2243249 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized a suppressive mechanism for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA)-induced tissue lipid peroxidation in which the degradation products, especially aldehydic compounds, are conjugated with glutathione through catalysis by glutathione S-transferases, and then excreted into urine as mercapturic acids. In the present study, ascorbic acid-requiring ODS rats were fed a diet containing DHA (3.6% of total energy) for 31 days. Lipid peroxides including degradation products and their scavengers in the liver and kidney were determined, and the temporal change in the urinary excretion of mercapturic acids was also measured. The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation and detoxification of aldehydes, tended to be higher in the liver of DHA-fed rats. The levels of lipid peroxides as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and aldehydic compounds were higher and that of alpha-tocopherol was lower in the liver, and the pattern of temporal changes in the urinary excretion of mercapturic acids was also different between the n-6 linoleic acid and DHA-fed rats. Accordingly, we presume from these results that after dietary DHA-induced lipid peroxidation, a proportion of the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydic degradation products is excreted into urine as mercapturic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Sekine
- Division of Food Science, Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
- Laboratory of Nourishment Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kubo
- Division of Food Science, Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
- Nursing Course, Narabunka Women’s College, Incorporated Educational Institution, Nara Gakuen, 127 Higashinaka, Yamatotakada-shi, Nara 635-8530, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Tadokoro
- Laboratory of Nourishment Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Morio Saito
- Division of Food Science, Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Chen C, Maher JM, Klaassen CD. Ischemia-reperfusion of rat livers decreases liver and increases kidney multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2). Toxicol Sci 2007; 101:171-8. [PMID: 17959626 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury during liver transplantation can lead to cholestasis and remote organ dysfunction. Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps) are efflux transporters known to transport a diverse set of substrates, such as amphipathic chemicals, organic anions, and endogenous molecules. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hepatic IR injury on the expression of Mrps in rat liver and kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of partial hepatic ischemia. At various times after reperfusion (0, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h), the ischemic lobes were harvested as well as kidneys. RNA and protein expression of Mrps in livers and kidneys were determined by the branched DNA method, Western blot analysis, and tissue immunofluorescence. Mrp2 mRNA and protein expression in livers decreased after IR. Conversely, Mrp2 mRNA and protein expression in kidneys increased after IR. Mrp3 mRNA expression, and Mrp4 mRNA and protein expression in kidneys transiently increased after IR. The intensity of immunofluorescent staining of Mrp2 corresponded to changes in Mrp2 expression in livers and kidneys after IR as detected by Western blot analysis and was localized to the apical membrane domain in both tissues. These results demonstrate that after hepatic IR, downregulation of hepatic Mrp2 and upregulation of renal Mrp2 occur. These decreases in hepatic Mrp2 may contribute to cholestasis, yet increases in kidney may protect from oxidative stress and/or inflammation after hepatic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7417, USA
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Amunom I, Stephens LJ, Tamasi V, Cai J, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Martin MV, Guengerich FP, Prough RA. Cytochromes P450 catalyze oxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 464:187-96. [PMID: 17599801 PMCID: PMC1994811 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We sought to establish whether heme-thiolate monooxygenases oxidize, alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes generated during lipid peroxidation. Several recombinant P450s co-expressed with NADPH:P450 oxidoreductase were surveyed for aldehyde oxidation activity with anthracene-9-carboxaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE). Murine P4502c29, human P4503A4, human P4502B6, and rabbit P4502B4 were good catalysts of aldehyde oxidation to carboxylic acids. Other P450s (e.g., P4501A2, 2E1, and 2J2) did not oxidize these aldehydes. P4502c29 and P4503A4 displayed K(m)/S(0.5) values of approx. 1-20microM. The product measured by HPLC that co-migrates with authentic 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA) had a mass spectrum identical to the standard. Using P4502c29, HNE was a mixed-competitive inhibitor of anthracene-9-carboxaldehyde oxidation, suggesting that both aldehydes are substrates for P4502c29. Specific inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenases and P450 were used to assess their role in the metabolism of HNE in primary rat hepatocytes. Inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase (cyanamide) inhibited HNA formation by 60% and together cyanamide and miconazole (P450) caused over 85% inhibition of HNA formation. P450s are significant participants in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous unsaturated aldehydes in primary rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculate Amunom
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Laura J. Stephens
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Viola Tamasi
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jian Cai
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Departments of Cardiology/Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Departments of Cardiology/Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - S. Srivastava
- Departments of Cardiology/Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Martha V. Martin
- Departments of Cardiology/Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - F. Peter Guengerich
- Departments of Cardiology/Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 and Department of Biochemistry & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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Fruhwirth GO, Loidl A, Hermetter A. Oxidized phospholipids: From molecular properties to disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:718-36. [PMID: 17570293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized lipids are generated from (poly)unsaturated diacyl- and alk(en)ylacyl glycerophospholipids under conditions of oxidative stress. The great variety of reaction products is defined by the degree of modification, hydrophobicity, chemical reactivity, physical properties and biological activity. The biological activities of these compounds may depend on both, the recognition of the particular molecular structures by specific receptors and on the unspecific physical and chemical effects on their target systems (membranes, proteins). In this review, we aim at highlighting the molecular features that are essential for the understanding of the biological actions of pure oxidized phospholipids. Firstly, their chemical structures are described as a basis for an understanding of their physical and (bio)chemical properties in membrane- and protein-bound form. Secondly, the biological activities of oxidized phospholipids are discussed in terms of their unspecific effects on the membrane level as well as their potential interactions with specific targets (receptors) affecting a large set of (signaling) molecules. Finally, the role of oxidized phospholipids as important mediators in pathophysiology is discussed with emphasis on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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46
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Pierre F, Peiro G, Taché S, Cross AJ, Bingham SA, Gasc N, Gottardi G, Corpet DE, Guéraud F. New marker of colon cancer risk associated with heme intake: 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 15:2274-9. [PMID: 17119057 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. Animal studies show that heme, found in red meat, promotes preneoplastic lesions in the colon, probably due to the oxidative properties of this compound. End products of lipid peroxidation, such as 4-hydroxynonenal metabolites or 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2)alpha (8-iso-PGF(2)alpha), could reflect this oxidative process and could be used as biomarkers of colon cancer risk associated with heme intake. METHODS We measured urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2)alpha and 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (DHN-MA), the major urinary metabolite of 4-hydroxynonenal, in three studies. In a short-term and a carcinogenesis long-term animal study, we fed rats four different diets (control, chicken, beef, and blood sausage as a high heme diet). In a randomized crossover human study, four different diets were fed (a 60 g/d red meat baseline diet, 120 g/d red meat, baseline diet supplemented with heme iron, and baseline diet supplemented with non-heme iron). RESULTS DHN-MA excretion increased dramatically in rats fed high heme diets, and the excretion paralleled the number of preneoplastic lesions in azoxymethane initiated rats (P < 0.0001). In the human study, the heme supplemented diet resulted in a 2-fold increase in DHN-MA (P < 0.001). Urinary 8-iso-PGF(2)alpha increased moderately in rats fed a high heme diet (P < 0.0001), but not in humans. CONCLUSION Urinary DHN-MA is a useful noninvasive biomarker for determining the risk of preneoplastic lesions associated with heme iron consumption and should be further investigated as a potential biomarker of colon cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Pierre
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse, UMR INRA-ENVT 1089 Xénobiotiques, Toulouse, France
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47
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Brichac J, Honzatko A, Picklo MJ. Direct and indirect high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:305-11. [PMID: 17416373 PMCID: PMC2045064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
trans-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNEA) is a marker of lipid peroxidation resulting from the metabolism of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). Direct and indirect RP-HPLC methods for the separation of HNEA enantiomers were developed and compared. The indirect method involved pre-column derivatization with a chiral amino agent, (1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol, and subsequent separation of diastereomers on a Spherisorb ODS2 column. The direct separation of HNEA enantiomers was performed using the chiral stationary phase, Chiralpak AD-RH. Validation parameters including limit of quantification, linear range, accuracy and precision were determined. The indirect separation method was successfully applied for the determination of enantiomeric ratio of HNEA in rat brain mitochondrial lysate, and showed that HNEA was formed (R)-enantioselectively from HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Brichac
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
| | - Ales Honzatko
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
| | - Matthew J. Picklo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
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48
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Brichac J, Ho KK, Honzatko A, Wang R, Lu X, Weiner H, Picklo MJ. Enantioselective oxidation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme and Mg2+ dependent. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:887-95. [PMID: 17480102 DOI: 10.1021/tx7000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
trans-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a cytotoxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde implicated in the pathology of multiple diseases involving oxidative damage. Oxidation of HNE by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) to trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNEA) is a major route of metabolism in many organisms. HNE exists as two enantiomers, (R)-HNE and (S)-HNE, and in intact rat brain mitochondria, (R)-HNE is enantioselectively oxidized to HNEA. In this work, we further elucidated the basis of the enantioselective oxidation of HNE by brain mitochondria. Our results showed that (R)-HNE is oxidized enantioselectively by brain mitochondrial lysates with retention of stereoconfiguration of the C4 hydroxyl group. Purified rat ALDH5A enantioselectively oxidized (R)-HNE, whereas rat ALDH2 was not enantioselective. Kinetic data using (R)-HNE, (S)-HNE, and trans-2-nonenal in combination with computer-based modeling of ALDH5A suggest that the selectivity of (R)-HNE oxidation by ALDH5A is the result of the carbonyl carbon of (R)-HNE forming a more favorable Bürgi-Duntiz angle with the active site cysteine 293. The presence of Mg2+ ions altered the enantioselectivity of ALDH5A and ALDH2. Mg2+ ions suppressed (R)-HNE oxidation by ALDH5A to a greater extent than that of (S)-HNE. However, Mg2+ ions stimulated the enantioselective oxidation of (R)-HNE by ALDH2 while suppressing (S)-HNE oxidation. These results demonstrate that enantioselective utilization of substrates, including HNE, by ALDHs is dependent upon the ALDH isozyme and the presence of Mg 2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Brichac
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, USA
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49
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Xing D, Sun L, Cukier RI, Bu Y. Theoretical prediction of the p53 gene mutagenic mechanism induced by trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5362-71. [PMID: 17439265 DOI: 10.1021/jp0673922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of guanine with trans-4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and the mutagenic mechanism induced by adducts have been theoretically predicted at a molecular level from the energy point of view. 4-HNE directly reacts with guanine via three steps, yielding eventually four main diastereoisomers: trans-4-HNE-dG adducts. A concerted six-atom-centered transition state is proposed for the first step, while the last two steps are involved in four-membered-ring transition states. The third step is the rate-determining step. The studies of base pairing properties of trans-4-HNE-dG adducts with A, T, C, A*, and T* together with the relationship between the mutation and structure of trans-4-HNE-dG indicate that syn- and anti-conformations of trans-4-HNE-dG around the glycosidic bond are favorable for pairing with A* and T*, respectively, in the parental generation. As a result, the GC --> CG or GC --> TA mutation may be generated from the syn-4-HNE-dGA* during replication. Nevertheless, anti-4-HNE-dGT* creates GC --> TA mutation or nonmutagenesis. Moreover, syn-4-HNE-dGA* has a slightly higher probability to be generated than anti-4-HNE-dGT* in the parental generation; therefore, the GC to TA transversion is predominant among the mutations. In addition, no correlation between the mutations and the stereochemistry of C6 and C8 of trans-4-HNE-dG adducts was found in this work. Our mutational results have interpreted well a part of the discrete experimental observations, but the mutagenic process itself has not previously been characterized, through either computation or experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxiang Xing
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Falletti O, Cadet J, Favier A, Douki T. Trapping of 4-hydroxynonenal by glutathione efficiently prevents formation of DNA adducts in human cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:1258-69. [PMID: 17382206 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), one of the main breakdown products of lipid peroxides, has been shown to react with DNA yielding a 1,N2-propano adduct to 2'-deoxyguanosine. However, HNE may also react with a wide range of biomolecules before reaching the nucleus. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cellular thiol-containing peptide, is likely to be a major cytosolic target for HNE because of its high reactivity and its implication in the detoxification of this aldehyde. In order to estimate the proportion of HNE actually reaching DNA in human THP1 monocytes, we designed an experimental protocol aimed at quantifying DNA adducts and HNE-GSH in the same sample of cells exposed to extracellularly added HNE. Reverse-phase HPLC associated with tandem mass spectrometry detection was used as the analytical tool. It was first observed that, once produced, the HNE-GSH conjugate was very efficiently excreted from the cells into the culture medium. More strikingly, we determined that the amount of HNE-GSH conjugate produced was 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of DNA adduct. These results emphasize the major role played by glutathione in the protection of DNA against electrophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Falletti
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 CEA-UJF, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, Grenoble, France
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