1
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Li X, Zhai H, Luo J, Hou R. A new concern raised from algal bloom: Organic chloramines in chlorination. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121894. [PMID: 38880013 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms have become a significant challenge in water treatment all over the world. In chlorination of drinking water, algal organic matter (AOM) leads to the formation of organic chloramines. The objectives of this review are to comprehensively summarize and discuss the up-to-date researches on AOM-derived organic chloramines and their chemical activities and toxicity, thereby drawing attention to the potentially chemical and hygienic risks of organic chloramines. The predominant algal species in water sources varied with location and season. AOM from cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms are composed of diverse composition. AOM-derived amino acids take a low portion of the precursors of organic chloramines. Both experimental kinetic data and quantum chemical calculation demonstrate the preferential formation of organic chloramines in the chlorination of model compounds (amino acids and peptides). Organic chloramines are persistent in water and can transform into dichloro- and trichloro-organic chloramines, unknown low-molecular-weight organic chloramines, and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts with the excess of free chlorine. The active chlorine (Cl+) in organic chloramines can lead to the formation of chlorinated phenolic compounds. Organic chloramines influence the generation and species of radicals and subsequent products in UV disinfection. Theoretical predictions and toxicological tests suggest that organic chloramines may cause oxidative or toxic pressure to bacteria or cells. Overall, organic chloramines, as one group of high-molecular-weight disinfection byproducts, have relatively long lifetimes, moderate chemical activities, and high hygienic risks to the public. Future perspectives of organic chloramines are suggested in terms of quantitative detection methods, the precursors from various predominant algal species, chemical activities of organic chloramines, and toxicity/impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jiacheng Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruixin Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Zhang F, Mo Y, Cao X, Zhou Y, Liu YD, Zhong R. Identification of reaction sites and chlorinated products of purine bases and nucleosides during chlorination: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2851-2862. [PMID: 38516867 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) released from activated leukocytes plays a significant role in the human immune system, but is also implicated in numerous diseases due to its inappropriate production. Chlorinated nucleobases induce genetic changes that potentially enable and stimulate carcinogenesis, and thus have attracted considerable attention. However, their multiple halogenation sites pose challenges to identify them. As a good complement to experiments, quantum chemical computation was used to uncover chlorination sites and chlorinated products in this study. The results indicate that anion salt forms of all purine compounds play significant roles in chlorination except for adenosine. The kinetic reactivity order of all reaction sites in terms of the estimated apparent rate constant kobs-est (in M-1 s-1) is heterocyclic NH/N (102-107) > exocyclic NH2 (10-2-10) > heterocyclic C8 (10-5-10-1), but the order is reversed for thermodynamics. Combining kinetics and thermodynamics, the numerical simulation results show that N9 is the most reactive site for purine bases to form the main initial chlorinated product, while for purine nucleosides N1 and exocyclic N2/N6 are the most reactive sites to produce the main products controlled by kinetics and thermodynamics, respectively, and C8 is a possible site to generate the minor product. The formation mechanisms of biomarker 8-Cl- and 8-oxo-purine derivatives were also investigated. Additionally, the structure-kinetic reactivity relationship study reveals a good correlation between lg kobs-est and APT charge in all purine compounds compared to FED2 (HOMO), which proves again that the electrostatic interaction plays a key role. The results are helpful to further understand the reactivity of various reaction sites in aromatic compounds during chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yonghang Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaomin Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yong Dong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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3
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Chancharoen M, Yang Z, Dalvie ED, Gubina N, Ruchirawat M, Croy RG, Fedeles BI, Essigmann JM. 5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine Induces a Distinctive High-Resolution Mutational Spectrum of Transition Mutations In Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:486-496. [PMID: 38394377 PMCID: PMC10952010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The biomarker 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC) appears in the DNA of inflamed tissues. Replication of a site-specific 5ClC in a viral DNA genome results in C → T mutations, which is consistent with 5ClC acting as a thymine mimic in vivo. Direct damage of nucleic acids by immune-cell-derived hypochlorous acid is one mechanism by which 5ClC could appear in the genome. A second, nonmutually exclusive mechanism involves damage of cytosine nucleosides or nucleotides in the DNA precursor pool, with subsequent utilization of the 5ClC deoxynucleotide triphosphate as a precursor for DNA synthesis. The present work characterized the mutagenic properties of 5ClC in the nucleotide pool by exposing cells to the nucleoside 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (5CldC). In both Escherichia coli and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), 5CldC in the growth media was potently mutagenic, indicating that 5CldC enters cells and likely is erroneously incorporated into the genome from the nucleotide pool. High-resolution sequencing of DNA from MEFs derived from the gptΔ C57BL/6J mouse allowed qualitative and quantitative characterization of 5CldC-induced mutations; CG → TA transitions in 5'-GC(Y)-3' contexts (Y = a pyrimidine) were dominant, while TA → CG transitions appeared at a much lower frequency. The high-resolution mutational spectrum of 5CldC revealed a notable similarity to the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutational signatures SBS84 and SBS42, which appear in human lymphoid tumors and in occupationally induced cholangiocarcinomas, respectively. SBS84 is associated with the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a cytosine deaminase associated with inflammation, as well as immunoglobulin gene diversification during antibody maturation. The similarity between the spectra of AID activation and 5CldC could be coincidental; however, the administration of 5CldC did induce some AID expression in MEFs, which have no inherent expression of its gene. In summary, this work shows that 5CldC induces a distinct pattern of mutations in cells. Moreover, that pattern resembles human mutational signatures induced by inflammatory processes, such as those triggered in certain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Chancharoen
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Chulabhorn
Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Esha D. Dalvie
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nina Gubina
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn
Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Robert G. Croy
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bogdan I. Fedeles
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Essigmann
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Yang H, Hang L. Reaction of cyclamate with hypochlorous acid in vitro and formation of chlorcyclohexylamine and cyclohexylamine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:228-236. [PMID: 38252774 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the reaction of cyclamate with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in simulated gastric juice. The reaction products were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We also explored the changes in product concentration as a function of reaction time, cyclamate and HOCl concentrations. Cyclamate reacted with hypochlorous acid instantly in the simulated gastric fluid. N, N-dichlorcyclohexylamine and cyclohexylamine were both detected when the HOCl concentration was at millimole. Cyclohexylamine can only be found when HOCl concentration was at micromole. N, N-dichlorcyclohexylamine and cyclohexylamine concentrations both increased when cyclamate concentration increased under the millimole level of HOCl. As an important reactive oxygen species, hypochlorous acid (HClO) is produced in various physiological processes. The abnormal rise of the HClO level is associated with many inflammatory diseases. Chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori is a multistep, progressive, life-long inflammation. So, chronic gastritis infected with H. pylori may cause cyclamate metabolizing into cyclohexylamine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Hang
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
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5
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Suna G. A Commercially Available 2-aminoanthracene Fluorescent Probe for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Hypochlorite in 100% Buffer Solution and its Application in Complex Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03522-7. [PMID: 37999859 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-), a crucial chemical in the living organism, engages in various physiological activities. However, high amounts of ClO- result in oxidative damage. In this work, a commercially available 2-aminoanthracene (AA) was used to detect ClO-. AA demonstrated distinct properties such as superior selectivity and rapid response (< 30 s) with a low detection limit (140 nM) towards ClO- in 100% buffer solution. Furthermore, the probe exhibited a notable achievement by effectively identifying the presence of ClO- in complicated water samples. In conclusion, AA offers an easy-to-use and accurate method for quantifying ClO- in complex water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garen Suna
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey.
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6
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Sileikaite-Morvaközi I, Hansen WH, Davies MJ, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Hawkins CL. Detrimental Actions of Chlorinated Nucleosides on the Function and Viability of Insulin-Producing Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14585. [PMID: 37834034 PMCID: PMC10572493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a key role in pathogen clearance. They contribute to inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular traps (NETs). NETs contain a DNA backbone and catalytically active myeloperoxidase (MPO), which produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Chlorination of the DNA nucleoside 8-chloro-deoxyguanosine has been reported as an early marker of inflammation in diabetes. In this study, we examined the reactivity of different chlorinated nucleosides, including 5-chloro-(deoxy)cytidine (5ClC, 5CldC), 8-chloro-(deoxy)adenosine (8ClA, 8CldA) and 8-chloro-(deoxy)guanosine (8ClG, 8CldG), with the INS-1E β-cell line. Exposure of INS-1E cells to 5CldC, 8CldA, 8ClA, and 8CldG decreased metabolic activity and intracellular ATP, and, together with 8ClG, induced apoptotic cell death. Exposure to 8ClA, but not the other nucleosides, resulted in sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of the unfolded protein response, and increased expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Exposure of INS-1E cells to 5CldC also increased TXNIP and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) expression. In addition, a significant increase in the mRNA expression of NQO1 and GPx4 was seen in INS-1E cells exposed to 8ClG and 8CldA, respectively. However, a significant decrease in intracellular thiols was only observed in INS-1E cells exposed to 8ClG and 8CldG. Finally, a significant decrease in the insulin stimulation index was observed in experiments with all the chlorinated nucleosides, except for 8ClA and 8ClG. Together, these results suggest that increased formation of chlorinated nucleosides during inflammation in diabetes could influence β-cell function and may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clare L. Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (I.S.-M.); (M.J.D.); (T.M.-P.)
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7
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Suna G, Erdemir E, Gunduz S, Ozturk T, Karakuş E. Monitoring of Hypochlorite Level in Fruits, Vegetables, and Dairy Products: A BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Rapid and Highly Selective Detection of Hypochlorite. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22984-22991. [PMID: 37396205 PMCID: PMC10308583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid (ClO-/HOCl), among the diverse reactive oxygen species, plays a vital role in various biological processes. Besides, ClO- is widely known as a sanitizer for fruits, vegetables, and fresh-cut produce, killing bacteria and pathogens. However, excessive level of ClO- can lead to the oxidation of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, threatening vital organs. Therefore, reliable and effective methods are of utmost importance to monitor trace amounts of ClO-. In this work, a novel BODIPY-based fluorescent probe bearing thiophene and a malononitrile moiety (BOD-CN) was designed and constructed to efficiently detect ClO-, which exhibited distinct features such as excellent selectivity, sensitivity (LOD = 83.3 nM), and rapid response (<30 s). Importantly, the probe successfully detected ClO- in various spiked water, milk, vegetable, and fruit samples. In all, BOD-CN offers a clearly promising approach to describe the quality of ClO--added dairy products, water, fresh vegetables, and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garen Suna
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Erdemir
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul
University, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simay Gunduz
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erman Karakuş
- Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological
Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology
Institute (TUBITAK UME), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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8
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Rabha M, Sheet SK, Sen B, Konthoujam I, Aguan K, Khatua S. Ruthenium(II) Complex‐based Highly Specific Luminescence Light‐up Probe for Detecting HOCl via C(sp
2
)‐H Chlorination. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monosh Rabha
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Sheet
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Bhaskar Sen
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Ibemhanbi Konthoujam
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Kripamoy Aguan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Snehadrinarayan Khatua
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
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9
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Shyam T, Ghosh M, Ghosh S, Das D. An Unsymmetrical bis‐Imine Derivative for Solvent Dependent Rapid Optical Discrimination of Al
3+
, Zn
2+
and OCl
−
: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tandrim Shyam
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan West Bengal India
| | - Milan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan West Bengal India
| | - Subhasis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan West Bengal India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan West Bengal India
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10
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Liu SZ, Xu JH, Ma QJ, Wang BY, Li LK, Zhu NN, Liu SY, Wang GG. A naphthalimide-based and Golgi-targetable fluorescence probe for quantifying hypochlorous acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121986. [PMID: 36265303 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a vital organelle in biological systems and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced during stress in the Golgi apparatus. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a significant reactive oxygen species and has strong oxidative and antibacterial activity, but excessive secretion of hypochlorous acid can affect Golgi structure or function abnormally, it will lead to a series of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, and Parkinson's disease. In present work, a novel fluorescent probe for Golgi localization utilizing naphthalimide derivatives was constructed to detect hypochlorous acid. The fluorescent probe used a derivatived 1,8-naphthalimide as the emitting fluorescence group, phenylsulfonamide as the localization group and dimethylthiocarbamate as the sensing unit. When HOCl was absent, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of the developed probe was hindered and the probe exhibited a weak fluorescence. When HOCl was present, the ICT process occurred and the probe showed strong green fluorescence. When the HOCl concentration was altered from 5.0 × 10-7 to 1.0 × 10-5 mol·L-1, the fluorescence intensity of the probe well linearly correlated with the HOCl concentration. The detection limit of 5.7 × 10-8 mol·L-1 was obtained for HOCl. The HOCl fluorescent probe possessed a rapid reaction time, a high selectivity and a broad working pH scope. In addition, the probe possessed good biocompatibility and had been magnificently employed to image Golgi HOCl in Hela cells. These characteristics of the probe demonstrated its ability to be used for sensing endogenous and exogenous hypochlorous acids within the Golgi apparatus of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Jun-Hong Xu
- Department of Dynamical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, PR China
| | - Qiu-Juan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Bai-Yan Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Lin-Ke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Shuang-Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Ge-Ge Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
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11
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Liu CX, Xiao SY, Gong XL, Zhu X, Wang YW, Peng Y. A Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Recognition of Hypochlorite Anions Based on Dicyanoisophorone Skeleton. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010402. [PMID: 36615593 PMCID: PMC9823594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (SWJT-9) was designed and synthesized for the detection of hypochlorite anion (ClO-) using a diaminomaleonitrile group as the recognition site. SWJT-9 had large Stokes shift (237 nm) and showed an excellent NIR fluorescence response to ClO- with the color change under the visible light. It showed a low detection limit (24.7 nM), high selectivity, and rapid detection (within 2 min) for ClO-. The new detection mechanism of SWJT-9 on ClO- was confirmed by 1H NMR, MS spectrum, and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, the probe was successfully used to detect ClO- in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xiang Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Xiao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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12
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Zou WS, Xu Y, Li W, Kong WL, Li H, Qu Q, Wang Y. Lysosome-targetable brightly green fluorescence carbon dots for real-time monitoring in cell and highly efficient removal in environment of hypochlorite. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121591. [PMID: 35809425 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lacks of lysosome localization group and reaction/interaction site for hypochlorite (ClO-) on the surface of the carbon dots (C-dots), no C-dots-based lysosome-targeted fluorescence probes have, so far, been reported for real-time monitoring intracellular ClO-. In this work, 1,3,6-trinitropyrene (TNP) was used as a precursor to prepare C-dots with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 485 and 532 nm, respectively, and quantum yield ∼ 27% by a hydrothermal approach at 196 °C for 6 h under a reductive atmosphere. The brightly green C-dots can sensitively and quickly respond to ClO- in aqueous solution through surface chemical reaction, showing a linear relationship in the range of 0.5-120 μΜ ClO- with 0.27 μΜ of limit of detection (LOD). Most significantly, the C-dots can localize at intracellular lysosome to image ClO- in lysosomes. Also, the magnetic nanocomposites (C-dots@Fe3O4 MNCs) were fabricated via a simple electrostatic self-assembly between Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) and C-dots for highly efficient removal of ClO- in real samples. Therefore, lysosome-targetable C-dots-based probes for real-time monitoring ClO- were successfully constructed, opening up a promising door to investigate the biological functions and pathological roles of ClO- at organelle levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Zou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wei-Li Kong
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qishu Qu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China.
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13
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Zhai H, Guo Y, Zhang L, Miao Y, Wang J. Presence of bromide and iodide promotes the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes during chlorination: A preliminary study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157250. [PMID: 35817106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination was reported to have a great potential to increase horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which poses a great threat to global human health. Bromide (Br-) and iodide (I-) ions are widely spread ions in water and wastewater. In chlorination, Br- and I- can be oxidized to active bromine and iodine species. The influence of the co-existing different halogen oxidants (chlorine + bromine or iodine species) on HGT of ARGs were rarely investigated. In this study, the conjugative transfer of ARGs between a donor strain E. coli K12 and a recipient strain E. coli HB101 was investigated in chlorination without/with the presence of Br- or I-. Immediately after the addition of sodium hypochlorite, 53-88 % of the dosed chlorine was rapidly consumed, 10 %-42 % fast transformed into organic combined chloramines, and only low levels of free chlorine (0.02-0.8 mg/L as Cl2) left in the diluted cultural medium. Conjugative transfer mediated by the RP4 plasmid was not significantly enhanced in chlorination without the presence of Br- or I-. With the presence of Br- (0.5-5.0 mg/L) or I- (0.05-0.5 mg/L) in chlorination, the co-existing free halogen oxidants and their organic combined ones up-regulated the mRNA expression of the oxidative stress-regulatory gene (rpoS), outer membrane protein gene (ompC), and conjugation-relevant genes (trbBp and trfAp), and caused more damage to cell entirety. As a result, the co-existing reactive halogen oxidants enhanced the HGT of ARGs probably via conjugative transfer and transformation. This study showed that the presence of Br- and I- of common levels in aquatic environment promoted HGT of ARGs in chlorination, thus accelerating the transmission and prevalence of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yujing Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Dali Road 1, Tianjin 300050, PR China
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14
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Hypochlorous Acid Chemistry in Mammalian Cells—Influence on Infection and Role in Various Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810735. [PMID: 36142645 PMCID: PMC9504810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the formation of hypochlorous acid HOCl and the role of reactive chlorinated species (RCS), which are catalysed by the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, mainly located in leukocytes and which in turn contribute to cellular oxidative stress. The reactions of RCS with various organic molecules such as amines, amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and DNA are described, and an attempt is made to explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the various chlorinated derivatives and the data available so far on the effects of MPO, RCS and halogenative stress. Their presence in numerous pathologies such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, neurological and renal diseases, diabetes, and obesity is reviewed and were found to be a feature of debilitating diseases.
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15
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Bridges DF, Lacombe A, Wu VCH. Fundamental Differences in Inactivation Mechanisms of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Between Chlorine Dioxide and Sodium Hypochlorite. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923964. [PMID: 35783445 PMCID: PMC9247566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) are two chlorinated oxidizing agents that are implemented in water treatment and postharvest processing of fresh produce. While the antibacterial mechanisms of NaClO have been investigated, there are comparatively few studies that have looked at how ClO2 kills bacteria. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the inactivation pathways of ClO2 and NaClO against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Treatments consisted of 2.5, 5, and 10 ppm ClO2 or 50, 100, and 200 ppm NaClO for 5, 10, and 15 min. Maximum log reductions of E. coli O157:H7 were 5.5 and 5.1 after treatment with ClO2 or NaClO, respectively. Bacterial inactivation was measured using log reductions, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using with 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) or aminophenyl fluorescein (APF) probes, relative values of NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH cofactors. Additionally, the expression of three key genes involved in ROS stress was measured via RT-PCR. Levels of intracellular ROS measured by DCFDA after ClO2 treatment were significantly higher than those found after treatment in NaClO. Additionally, NaClO treatment resulted in upregulation of ROS-defense genes, while expression of the same genes was typically at base levels or downregulated after ClO2 treatment. As the concentrations of both treatments increased, the NADP+:NADPH ratio shifted to the cofactor being predominantly present as NADP+. These data indicate that ClO2 and NaClO damage E. coli O157:H7 via measurably different mechanisms and that ClO2 does not appear to cause substantial oxidative stress to E. coli O157:H7 directly.
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16
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Han Y, Zhou Y, Liu YD, Zhong R. Reaction Mechanisms of Histidine and Carnosine with Hypochlorous Acid Along with Chlorination Reactivity of N-Chlorinated Intermediates: A Computational Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:750-759. [PMID: 35436107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) released from activated leukocytes not only plays a significant role in the human immune system but is also implicated in numerous diseases including atherosclerosis and some cancers due to its inappropriate production. Histidine (His) and carnosine (Car), as a respective mediator and protective agent of HOCl damage, have attracted considerable attention; however, their detailed reaction mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, using a His residue with two peptide bond groups (HisRes) as a model, the reaction mechanisms of HisRes and Car including NεH and NδH tautomers with HOCl along with the chlorination reactivity of N-chlorinated intermediates were investigated by quantum chemical methods. The obtained results indicate that in the imidazole side chain, the pyridine-like N is the most reactive site rather than the pyrrole-like N, and the kinetic order of all of the possible reaction sites in HisRes follows pyridine-like N > imidazole Cδ ≫ imidazole Cε > pyrrole-like N, while that in Car is pyridine-like N ≫ imidazole Cδ ≫ amide N. As for N-chlorinated intermediates at imidazole, although the unprotonated form has a low chlorination reactivity as expected, it can still chlorinate tyrosine. Especially, the protonated form exhibits similar ability to HOCl, causing secondary damage in vivo. N-Chlorinated Car features higher internal chlorine migration ability than its intermolecular transchlorination, preventing further HOCl-induced damage. Additionally, a generally overlooked nucleophilic Cl- shift is also found in N-chlorinated Car/HisRes, indicating that nucleophilic sites in biomolecules also need to be considered. The outcomes of this study are expected to expand our understanding of secondary damage and protective mechanisms involved in HOCl in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yong Dong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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17
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Chen H, Luo J, Chen S, Qi Y, Zhou T, Tian X, Ding F. Sensing Hypochlorite or pH variations in live cells and zebrafish with a novel dual-functional ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120915. [PMID: 35121472 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Both HClO and pH are essential players in multiple biological processes, which thus need to be controlled properly. Dysregulated HClO or pH correlates with many diseases. To meet these challenges, we need to develop highly competent probes for monitoring them. Over the years, despite a rich history of the development of HClO or pH probes, those that can do both jobs are still deficient. Herein, we present a novel dual-functional chemosensor, CMHN, which exhibits a blue and red shift of its fluorescence emission upon reacting with HClO or OH-, respectively. CMHN was successfully harnessed in the imaging detection of HClO or OH- in aqueous solutions, live cells, and zebrafish. Results indicated CMHN can detect HClO with high sensitivity (LOD -132 nM), a quick response time (<70 s), and high selectivity over dozens of interfering species through a colorimetric and ratiometric response. Besides, CMHN can probe pH changes sensitively and reversibly. Its working mechanism was verified by DFT calculations. These superior features make CMHN excel among the HClO or pH probes reported so far. Taken together, CMHN replenishes the deficiency in currently developed HClO or pH probes and paves the way for developing multifunctional HClO or pH probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Shijin Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
| | - Yueheng Qi
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
| | - Xiumei Tian
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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18
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Duan X, Wang X, Xie Y, Yu P, Zhuang T, Zhang Y, Fang L, Ping Y, Liu W, Tao Z. High concentrations of hypochlorous acid-based disinfectant in the environment reduced the load of SARS-CoV-2 in nucleic acid amplification testing. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1411-1418. [PMID: 34142386 PMCID: PMC8426966 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, chlorine‐containing disinfectants have been widely used in nucleic acid amplification testing laboratories. Whether the use of disinfectants affect the results of viral nucleic acid amplification is unknown. We examined the impact of different hypochlorous acid (HOCl) concentrations on the quantitative results of SARS‐CoV‐2 by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). We also explored the mechanisms and models of action of chlorine‐containing disinfectants that affected the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. The results showed that different HOCl concentrations and different action times had an impact on the SARS‐CoV‐2 results. High concentrations of ambient HOCl have a greater impact than low concentrations, and this effect will increase with the extension of the action time and with the increase in ambient humidity. Compared with the enzymes or the extracted RNA required for RT‐PCR, the impact of HOCl on the SARS‐CoV‐2 detection is more likely to be caused by damage to primers and probes in the PCR system. The false negative result still existed after changing the ambient disinfectant to ethanol but not peracetic acid. The use of HOCl in the environment will have an unpredictable impact on the nucleic acid test results of SARS‐CoV‐2. In order to reduce the possibility of false negative of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test and prevent the spread of epidemic disease, environmental disinfectants should be used at the beginning and end of the experiment rather than during the experimental operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liuyu Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ping
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Das AB, Seddon AR, O'Connor KM, Hampton MB. Regulation of the epigenetic landscape by immune cell oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:131-149. [PMID: 33444713 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of microbicidal oxidants by neutrophils can damage host tissue. The short-term response of cells to oxidative stress is well understood, but the mechanisms behind long-term consequences require further clarification. Epigenetic pathways mediate cellular adaptation, and are therefore a potential target of oxidative stress. Indeed, there is evidence that many proteins and metabolites involved in epigenetic pathways are redox sensitive. In this review we provide an overview of the epigenetic landscape and discuss the potential for redox regulation. Using this information, we highlight specific examples where neutrophil oxidants react with epigenetic pathway components. We also use published data from redox proteomics to map out known intersections between oxidative stress and epigenetics that may signpost helpful directions for future investigation. Finally, we discuss the role neutrophils play in adaptive pathologies with a focus on tumour initiation and progression. We hope this information will stimulate further discourse on the emerging field of redox epigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Annika R Seddon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Karina M O'Connor
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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20
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Gan Y, Yin G, Zhang X, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Li H, Yin P. Turn-on fluorescent probe for sensing exogenous and endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells, zebrafishes and mice. Talanta 2021; 225:122030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Rozelle AL, Cheun Y, Vilas CK, Koag MC, Lee S. DNA interstrand cross-links induced by the major oxidative adenine lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1897. [PMID: 33772030 PMCID: PMC7997976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA generates 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) as two major lesions. Despite the comparable prevalence of these lesions, the biological effects of oxoA remain poorly characterized. Here we report the discovery of a class of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) involving oxidized nucleobases. Under oxidative conditions, oxoA, but not oxoG, readily reacts with an opposite base to produce ICLs, highlighting a latent alkylating nature of oxoA. Reactive halogen species, one-electron oxidants, and the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl− system induce oxoA ICLs, suggesting that oxoA-mediated cross-links may arise endogenously. Nucleobase analog studies suggest C2-oxoA is covalently linked to N2-guanine and N3-adenine for the oxoA-G and oxoA-A ICLs, respectively. The oxoA ICLs presumably form via the oxidative activation of oxoA followed by the nucleophilic attack by an opposite base. Our findings provide insights into oxoA-mediated mutagenesis and contribute towards investigations of oxidative stress-induced ICLs and oxoA-based latent alkylating agents. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) are generated upon oxidative damage to DNA, but the biological effects of oxoA are not well known. Here, the authors report that only oxoA forms DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) upon secondary oxidation and that these ICLs can be induced by reactive halogen species, one-electron oxidants and the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Rozelle
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Young Cheun
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caroline K Vilas
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Myong-Chul Koag
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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22
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Dai Y, Zhan Z, Chai L, Zhang L, Guo Q, Zhang K, Lv Y. A Two-Photon Excited Near-Infrared Iridium(III) Complex for Multi-signal Detection and Multimodal Imaging of Hypochlorite. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4628-4634. [PMID: 33656847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-), as a type of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a crucial role in the process of oxidative stress and is closely related to many diseases. Thus, developing a method for detecting and imaging of ClO- with high sensitivity and selectivity is of great significance. However, the applications of most luminescent probes are limited to the fact that the excitation and emission wavelengths of them are in the visible light region rather than in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Hence, an NIR iridium(III) complex (Mul-NIRIr) with two-photon excitation is designed for the detecting and imaging of ClO-. In the presence of ClO-, the luminescent intensity and lifetime of Mul-NIRIr are remarkably enhanced. Interestingly, Mul-NIRIr also exhibits excellent electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties, and the ECL signal is significantly enhanced with the addition of ClO-. What is more, Mul-NIRIr is also suitable for the detection and analysis ClO- by flow cytometry. Therefore, Mul-NIRIr is developed to detect multiple signals and is successfully applied to detect exogenous and endogenous ClO- in living cells with one-photon, two-photon, and phosphorescence lifetime image microscopy (PLIM). In addition, Mul-NIRIr was successfully used for imaging of ClO- in tissues and inflammatory mouse models. All of the above results indicate that Mul-NIRIr is highly effective in detecting ClO- in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Zixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Chai
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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23
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Myeloperoxidase: Mechanisms, reactions and inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Grace Victoria G, Rajasekhara Reddy S. Recent advances in the synthesis of organic chloramines and their insights into health care. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen–chlorine compounds and their derivatives are important heterocyclic motifs, exhibiting applications such as N-chlorinating agents, analytical reagents, disinfectants, antipathogens, and as synthetic intermediates for drugs, polymers, and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Grace Victoria
- Department of Chemistry
- Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)
- Vellore 632014
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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25
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Shen Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Gu B. Employing an ICT-ESIPT strategy for ratiometric tracking of HClO based on sulfide oxidation reaction. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118515. [PMID: 32505106 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) acts as crucial roles in pathologica processes and relevant diseases. Thus, it is meaningful to explore a reliable method for monitoring HClO in biosystem. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent probe 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-(methylthio)phenol (BTMSP) has been constructed for HClO by adopting ICT-ESIPT strategy. The probe possessed itself red fluorescence due to the electron-donating capability of sulfur atom and showed remarkable blue fluorescence response to HClO by oxidizes the sulfur atom to a sulfoxide. The ratiometric probe exhibited highly specific, rapid response and excellent sensitivity toward HClO as well as a low detection limit (4.2 × 10-7 M). Moreover, the ratiometric probe showed well-separated dual emission (450/580), and a large pseudo Stokes shift (190 nm). In addition, the probe was used for the imaging of HClO with satisfying results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for The Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for The Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for The Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Biao Gu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, PR China.
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26
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Simon F, Kiss E, Szabó M, Fábián I. The Chlorination of N-Methyl Amino Acids with Hypochlorous Acid: Kinetics and Mechanisms. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2189-2196. [PMID: 32633499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation and decomposition kinetics of N-chloro-N-methyl amino acids were studied to predict the fate and impact of these compounds in water treatment technologies and biological systems. These compounds form in fast second-order reactions between N-methyl amino acids and hypochlorous acid. The comparison of the activation parameters for the reactions of N-methyl substituted and nonsubstituted branched-chain amino acids reveals the transition-state features less organized structure and stronger bonds between the reactants in the reactions with the N-methyl derivatives. This is due to a combined positive inductive effect of the N-methyl group and the alkyl side chain as well as to the steric effects of the substituents. N-Methyl-N-chloro amino acids decompose much faster than the nonsubstituted compounds. The reaction rates do not depend on the pH, and the same final product is formed in the entire pH range. N-Chlorosarcosine is an exception, as it decomposes via competing paths, kdobs = kd + kdOH[OH-], yielding different final products. This feature is most likely due to the lack of an alkyl substituent on the α-carbon atom. Under physiological pH, aldehydes and methylamine form in these reactions, which are not particularly toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Simon
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kiss
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Szabó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Chu CJ, Wu GS, Ma HI, Venkatesan P, Thirumalaivasan N, Wu SP. A fluorescent turn-on probe for detection of hypochlorus acid and its bioimaging in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 233:118234. [PMID: 32163873 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid has played several functions in the biological system. However, excess HOCl can cause damage to biomolecules and result in some diseases. Accordingly, a new fluorescent probe, BSP, has been developed for fast recognition of HOCl through the HOCl-induced oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide to sulfoxide. The reaction of BSP with HOCl caused a 22-fold fluorescence enhancement (quantum yield increase from 0.006 to 0.133). The detection limit of HOCl is found to be 30 nM (S/N = 3). The fluorescence enhancement is due to the suppression of the photo-induced electron transfer from the methyl phenyl sulfide moiety to BODIPY. Eventually, the cellular fluorescence imaging experiment showed that BSP could be effectively used for monitoring HOCl in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Syuan Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-I Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Parthiban Venkatesan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Zhang D, Ma Z, Wang Y, Yin H, Li M, Wang Y, Wang H, Jia B, Liu J. Dual-binding benzene and rhodamine B conjugate derivatives as fluorescent chemodosimeter for hypochlorite in living cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117908. [PMID: 31841672 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new probe (SRh) which based on dual-binding benzene and rhodamine B conjugate derivatives for hypochlorite detection was developed. By desulfurization effect, probe SRh displayed"Off-On" switching in its fluorogenic and chromogenic responses to hypochlorite. The detection limit of ClO- was at a low level (up to 2.43 nM). Moreover, probe SRh has been applied in bioimaging with good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanliang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Man Li
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Apoorva S, Behera P, Sajjanar B, Mahawar M. Identification of oxidant susceptible proteins in Salmonella Typhimurium. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2231-2242. [PMID: 32076998 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human gut pathogen, Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) not only survives but also replicates inside the phagocytic cells. Bacterial proteins are the primary targets of phagocyte generated oxidants. Because of the different amino acid composition, some proteins are more prone to oxidation than others. Many oxidant induced modifications to amino acids have been described. Introduction of carbonyl group is one of such modifications, which takes place quite early following exposure of proteins to oxidants and is quite stable. Therefore, carbonyl groups can be exploited to identify oxidant susceptible proteins. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is one of the most potent oxidants produced by phagocytes. Incubation of S. Typhimurium with 3 mM HOCl resulted in more than 150 folds loss of bacterial viability. Proteins extracted from HOCl exposed S. Typhimurium cells showed about 60 folds (p < 0.001) more carbonyl levels as compared to unexposed cells. Similarly, 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2, 4-DNPH) derivatized proteins of HOCl treated S. Typhimurium cultures reacted strongly with anti-DNP antibodies as compared to buffer treated counterpart. Next, we have derivatized carbonyl groups on the proteins with biotin hydrazide. The derivatized proteins were then isolated by avidin affinity chromatography. Mass spectrometry based analysis revealed the presence of 204 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Apoorva
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Pranatee Behera
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India.
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Szabó M, Bíró V, Simon F, Fábián I. The decomposition of N-chloro amino acids of essential branched-chain amino acids: Kinetics and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:120988. [PMID: 31484104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of N-chloro-amino acids is of outmost importance in water treatment technologies and also in vivo processes. These compounds are considered as secondary disinfectants and play important role in the defense mechanism against invading pathogens in biological systems. Adversary effects, such as apoptosis or necrosis are also associated with these compounds and the intermediates and final products formed during their decomposition. In the present study, the decomposition kinetics of the N-chloro derivatives of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) - leucine, isoleucine, valine - were studied. On the basis of spectrophotometric measurements, it was confirmed that the decomposition proceeds via a spontaneous and an OH- assisted path in each case: kobs = k + kOH[OH-]. 1H, 13C NMR and MS experiments were also performed to identify the products and to monitor the progress of the reactions. It was established that the pH independent and the [OH-] dependent paths lead to the formation of the same aldehyde in each system (isovaleraldehyde, 2-methyl-butyraldehyde, and isobutyraldehyde) as a primary product. Under alkaline conditions, a portion of the aldehydes are converted into the corresponding Schiff-bases by the excess amino acid in a reversible process. A common mechanism was proposed for these reactions which postulates the formation of imines and hemiaminals as reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Szabó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vivien Bíró
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Simon
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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31
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Hypochlorous acid-mediated modification of proteins and its consequences. Essays Biochem 2019; 64:75-86. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMyeloperoxidase (MPO) is a mammalian heme peroxidase released by activated immune cells, which forms chemical oxidants, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), to kill bacteria and other invading pathogens. In addition to this important role in the innate immune system, there is significant evidence from numerous chronic inflammatory pathologies for the elevated production of HOCl and associated oxidative modification of proteins and damage to host tissue. Proteins are major targets for HOCl in biological systems, owing to their abundance and the high reactivity of several amino acid side-chains with this oxidant. As such, there is significant interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in HOCl-mediated protein damage and defining the consequences of these reactions. Exposure of proteins to HOCl results in a wide range of oxidative modifications and the formation of chlorinated products, which alter protein structure and enzyme activity, and impact the function of biological systems. This review describes the reactivity of HOCl with proteins, including the specific pathways involved in side-chain modification, backbone fragmentation and aggregation, and outlines examples of some of the biological consequences of these reactions, particularly in relation to the development of chronic inflammatory disease.
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32
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Macer-Wright JL, Sileikaite I, Rayner BS, Hawkins CL. 8-Chloroadenosine Alters the Metabolic Profile and Downregulates Antioxidant and DNA Damage Repair Pathways in Macrophages. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:402-413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Macer-Wright
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Inga Sileikaite
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Benjamin S. Rayner
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
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Wang H, Kim H, Lim WA, Ki JS. Molecular cloning and oxidative-stress responses of a novel manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5955-5966. [PMID: 31407247 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dinoflagellate algae are microeukaryotes that have distinct genomes and gene regulation systems, making them an interesting model for studying protist evolution and genomics. In the present study, we discovered a novel manganese superoxide dismutase (PmMnSOD) gene from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, examined its molecular characteristics, and evaluated its transcriptional responses to the oxidative stress-inducing contaminants, CuSO4 and NaOCl. Its cDNA was 1238 bp and contained a dinoflagellate spliced leader sequence, a 906 bp open reading frame (301 amino acids), and a poly (A) tail. The gene was coded on the nuclear genome with one 174 bp intron; signal peptide analysis showed that it might be localized to the mitochondria. Real-time PCR analysis revealed an increase in gene expression of MnSOD and SOD activity when P. minimum cells were separately exposed to CuSO4 and NaOCl. In addition, both contaminants considerably decreased chlorophyll autofluorescence, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that dinoflagellate MnSOD may be involved in protecting cells against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
| | - Weol-Ae Lim
- Ocean Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, 46083, South Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea.
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Tang V, Fu S, Rayner BS, Hawkins CL. 8-Chloroadenosine induces apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells through the activation of the unfolded protein response. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101274. [PMID: 31307008 PMCID: PMC6629973 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of leukocytes within the vessel at sites of inflammation and the subsequent generation of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants, including hypochlorous acid, are key characteristics of atherosclerosis. Hypochlorous acid is a potent oxidant that reacts readily with most biological molecules, including DNA and RNA. This results in nucleic acid modification and the formation of different chlorinated products. These products have been used as biomarkers of inflammation, owing to their presence in elevated amounts in different inflammatory fluids and diseased tissue, including atherosclerotic lesions. However, it is not clear whether these materials are simply biomarkers, or could also play a role in the development of chronic inflammatory pathologies. In this study, we examined the reactivity of different chlorinated nucleosides with human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Evidence was obtained for the incorporation of each chlorinated nucleoside into the cellular RNA or DNA. However, only 8-chloro-adenosine (8ClA) had a significant effect on the cell viability and metabolic activity. Exposure of HCAEC to 8ClA decreased glycolysis, and resulted in a reduction in ATP, with a corresponding increase in the chlorinated analogue, 8Cl-ATP in the nucleotide pool. 8ClA also induced sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress within the HCAEC, which resulted in activation of the unfolded protein response, the altered expression of antioxidant genes and culminated in the release of calcium into the cytosol and cell death by apoptosis. Taken together, these data provide new insight into pathways by which myeloperoxidase activity and resultant hypochlorous acid generation could promote endothelial cell damage during chronic inflammation, which could be relevant to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Tang
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia; Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shanlin Fu
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Rayner
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, DK, 2200, Denmark.
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35
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Macer-Wright JL, Stanley NR, Portman N, Tan JT, Bursill C, Rayner BS, Hawkins CL. A Role for Chlorinated Nucleosides in the Perturbation of Macrophage Function and Promotion of Inflammation. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1223-1234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Macer-Wright
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Naomi R. Stanley
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Neil Portman
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Joanne T. Tan
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christina Bursill
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Rayner
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
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36
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Li T, Wang L, Lin S, Xu X, Liu M, Shen S, Yan Z, Mo R. Rational Design and Bioimaging Applications of Highly Specific “Turn-On” Fluorescent Probe for Hypochlorite. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2838-2845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Leikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shiyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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CpMCA , a novel metacaspase gene from the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides and its expression during cell death. Gene 2018; 651:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Benavides J, Barrias P, Piro N, Arenas A, Orrego A, Pino E, Villegas L, Dorta E, Aspée A, López-Alarcón C. Reaction of tetracycline with biologically relevant chloramines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 178:171-180. [PMID: 28187315 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers inflammatory processes with the consequent production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), monochloramine (NH2Cl), and protein-derived chloramines. As the therapy for eradicating H. pylori is partially based on the use of tetracycline, we studied the kinetic of its consumption elicited by HOCl, NH2Cl, N-chloro-n-butylamine (NHCl-But, used as a lysine-derived chloramine model), and lysozyme-derived chloramines. In the micromolar concentration range, tetracycline reacted rapidly with HOCl, generating in the first few seconds intermediates of short half-life. In contrast, a slow tetracycline consumption was observed in the presence of high NH2Cl and NHCl-But concentrations (millimolar range). Similar chlorinated products of tetracycline were identified by mass spectrometry, in the presence of HOCl and NH2Cl. These results evidenced that tautomers of tetracycline are pivotal intermediates in all reactions. In spite of the low reactivity of chloramines towards tetracycline, it is evident that, in the concentration range where they are produced in a H. pylori infection (millimolar range), the reactions lead to oxidation and/or chlorination of tetracycline. This kind of reactions, which were also observed triggered by lysozyme-derived chloramines, could limit the efficiency of the tetracycline-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Barrias
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Piro
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Arenas
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Orrego
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Pino
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Villegas
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Dorta
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Aspée
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile.
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Dong A, Wang YJ, Gao Y, Gao T, Gao G. Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4806-4862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alideertu Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Yangyang Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Gao
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
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Noyon C, Roumeguère T, Delporte C, Dufour D, Cortese M, Desmet JM, Lelubre C, Rousseau A, Poelvoorde P, Nève J, Vanhamme L, Boudjeltia KZ, Van Antwerpen P. The presence of modified nucleosides in extracellular fluids leads to the specific incorporation of 5-chlorocytidine into RNA and modulates the transcription and translation. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:59-71. [PMID: 28074342 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is able to promote several kinds of damage and is involved in mechanisms leading to various diseases such as atherosclerosis or cancers. An example of these damages is the chlorination of nucleic acids, which is considered as a specific marker of the MPO activity. Since 5-chlorocytidine has been recently shown in healthy donor plasmas, this study aimed at discovering if these circulating modified nucleosides could be incorporated into RNA and DNA and if their presence impacts the ability of enzymes involved in the incorporation, transcription, and translation processes. Experimentations, which were carried out in vitro with endothelial and prostatic cells, showed a large penetration of all chloronucleosides but an exclusive incorporation of 5-chlorocytidine into RNA. However, no incorporation into DNA was observed. This specific incorporation is accompanied by an important reduction of translation yield. Although, in vitro, DNA polymerase processed in the presence of chloronucleosides but more slowly than in control conditions, ribonucleotide reductase could not reduce chloronucleotides prior to the replication. This reduction seems to be a limiting step, protecting DNA from chloronucleoside incorporation. This study shows the capacity of transcription enzyme to specifically incorporate 5-chlorocytidine into RNA and the loss of capacity-complete or partial-of different enzymes, involved in replication, transcription or translation, in the presence of chloronucleosides. Questions remain about the long-term impact of such specific incorporation in the RNA and such decrease of protein production on the cell viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Noyon
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP205/5, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Damien Dufour
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melissa Cortese
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP205/5, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Desmet
- Unit of Dialysis, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Christophe Lelubre
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean Nève
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP205/5, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
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42
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Chlorinated Phospholipids and Fatty Acids: (Patho)physiological Relevance, Potential Toxicity, and Analysis of Lipid Chlorohydrins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8386362. [PMID: 28090245 PMCID: PMC5206476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8386362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated phospholipids are formed by the reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase under inflammatory conditions, and the unsaturated fatty acyl residues or the head group. In the first case the generated chlorohydrins are both proinflammatory and cytotoxic, thus having a significant impact on the structures of biomembranes. The latter case leads to chloramines, the properties of which are by far less well understood. Since HOCl is also widely used as a disinfecting and antibacterial agent in medicinal, industrial, and domestic applications, it may represent an additional source of danger in the case of abuse or mishandling. This review discusses the reaction behavior of in vivo generated HOCl and biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates but will focus on phospholipids. Not only the beneficial and pathological (toxic) effects of chlorinated lipids but also the importance of these chlorinated species is discussed. Some selected cleavage products of (chlorinated) phospholipids and plasmalogens such as lysophospholipids, (chlorinated) free fatty acids and α-chloro fatty aldehydes, which are all well known to massively contribute to inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress, will be also discussed. Finally, common analytical methods to study these compounds will be reviewed with focus on mass spectrometric techniques.
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43
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Zhang XY, Elfarra AA. Potential roles of myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid in metabolism and toxicity of alkene hydrocarbons and drug molecules containing olefinic moieties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:513-524. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1271413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adnan A. Elfarra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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44
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De Carvalho Bertozo L, Morgon NH, De Souza AR, Ximenes VF. Taurine Bromamine: Reactivity of an Endogenous and Exogenous Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Amino Acid Derivative. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020023. [PMID: 27110829 PMCID: PMC4919918 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine bromamine (Tau-NHBr) is produced by the reaction between hypobromous acid (HOBr) and the amino acid taurine. There are increasing number of applications of Tau-NHBr as an anti-inflammatory and microbicidal drug for topical usage. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of the chemical reactivity of Tau-NHBr with endogenous and non-endogenous compounds. Tau-NHBr reactivity was compared with HOBr, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and taurine chloramine (Tau-NHCl). The second-order rate constants (k2) for the reactions between Tau-NHBr and tryptophan (7.7 × 102 M−1s−1), melatonin (7.3 × 103 M−1s−1), serotonin (2.9 × 103 M−1s−1), dansylglycine (9.5 × 101 M−1s−1), tetramethylbenzidine (6.4 × 102 M−1s−1) and H2O2 (3.9 × M−1s−1) were obtained. Tau-NHBr demonstrated the following selectivity regarding its reactivity with free amino acids: tryptophan > cysteine ~ methionine > tyrosine. The reactivity of Tau-NHBr was strongly affected by the pH of the medium (for instance with dansylglycine: pH 5.0, 1.1 × 104 M−1s−1, pH 7.0, 9.5 × 10 M−1s−1 and pH 9.0, 1.7 × 10 M−1s−1), a property that is related to the formation of the dibromamine form at acidic pH (Tau-NBr2). The formation of singlet oxygen was observed in the reaction between Tau-NHBr and H2O2. Tau-NHBr was also able to react with linoleic acid, but with low efficiency compared with HOBr and HOCl. Compared with HOBr, Tau-NHBr was not able to react with nucleosides. In conclusion, the following reactivity sequence was established: HOBr > HOCl > Tau-NHBr > Tau-NHCl. These findings can be very helpful for researchers interested in biological applications of taurine haloamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza De Carvalho Bertozo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Henrique Morgon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-861, Brazil.
| | | | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil.
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45
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Validation of a sensitive LC/MSMS method for chloronucleoside analysis in biological matrixes and its applications. Talanta 2016; 154:322-8. [PMID: 27154681 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase promotes several kinds of damage and is involved in the development of various diseases (as atherosclerosis and cancers). An example of these damage is the chlorination of nucleic acids, which is considered as a specific marker of the MPO activity on those acids. This study aimed to develop and validate a method to analyze oxidized and MPO-specific chlorinated nucleosides in biological matrixes (cells, tissues and plasma). Although a lot of methods to quantify oxidized or chlorinated nucleosides have already been established, none of them took into account all these derivatives together. The new method used a Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer fitted with a Jet Stream electrospray ionization source. This approach has two advantages compared with existing LC/MSMS analyses: it includes MPO-induced modifications in a unique analysis and obtains a better sensitivity. Our optimized method reached LOQs of 1.50pg and 1.42pg respectively for oxoG and oxo(d)G, being 4 times more sensitive than previous methods, and LOQs of 1.39pg, 1.30pg and 63.4 fg respectively for 5-chlorocytidine, 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine and 8-chloroguanosine. Developed method is also 25 times more sensitive for chloroguanosine than the best existing method. Nevertheless, this method is not specific enough for 8-chloro-(2'-deoxy)adenosine analysis. Examples of applications demonstrate the interest of this validated method. Indeed analysis of plasma from healthy donors highlighted exclusively the presence of 5-chlorocytidine (1.0±0.2nM) whereas analysis of treated endothelial cells by HOCl showed chlorination of guanosine and cytidine in cytoplasmic pools and chlorination of (deoxy)cytidine in DNA and RNA. In conclusion, this study shows that 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-chlorocytidine and 8-chloroguanosine are good markers allowing us to detect the MPO activity in biological fluids. The robust, specific and sensitive developed method enables future studies on MPO implications in human diseases.
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Šakić D, Hanževački M, Smith DM, Vrček V. A computational study of the chlorination and hydroxylation of amines by hypochlorous acid. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11740-52. [PMID: 26486691 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with ammonia, (di)methylamine, and heterocyclic amines have been studied computationally using double-hybrid DFT methods (B2PLYP-D and BK-PLYP) and a G3B3 composite scheme. In the gas phase the calculated energy barriers for N- and/or C-hydroxylation are ca. 100 kJ mol(-1) lower than the barrier for N-chlorination of amines. In the model solvent, however, the latter process becomes kinetically more favored. The explicit solvent effects are crucial for determination of the reaction mechanism. The N-chlorination is extremely susceptible to the presence of explicit water molecules, while no beneficial solvation effect has been found for the N- or C-hydroxylation of amines. The origin of the observed solvent effects arises from differential solvation of the respective transition states for chlorine- and oxygen-transfers, respectively. The nature of solvation of the transition state structures has been explored in more detail by classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In agreement with the quantum mechanical approach, the most stable structural motif, which includes the amine, HOCl, and two reactive waters, has been identified during the MD simulation. The inclusion of 5 or 6 explicit water molecules is required to reproduce the experimental barriers for HOCl-induced formation of N-chloramines in an aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Šakić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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47
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Szabó M, Baranyai Z, Somsák L, Fábián I. Decomposition of N-Chloroglycine in Alkaline Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Mechanism. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1282-91. [PMID: 25849302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Szabó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ‡Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ‡Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ‡Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ‡Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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48
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Hypobromous acid, a powerful endogenous electrophile: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 146:61-8. [PMID: 25771434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypobromous acid (HOBr) is an inorganic acid produced by the oxidation of the bromide anion (Br(-)). The blood plasma level of Br(-) is more than 1,000-fold lower than that of chloride anion (Cl(-)). Consequently, the endogenous production of HOBr is also lower compared to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Nevertheless, there is much evidence of the deleterious effects of HOBr. From these data, we hypothesized that the reactivity of HOBr could be better associated with its electrophilic strength. Our hypothesis was confirmed, since HOBr was significantly more reactive than HOCl when the oxidability of the studied compounds was not relevant. For instance: anisole (HOBr, k2=2.3×10(2)M(-1)s(-1), HOCl non-reactive); dansylglycine (HOBr, k2=7.3×10(6)M(-1)s(-1), HOCl, 5.2×10(2)M(-1)s(-1)); salicylic acid (HOBr, k2=4.0×10(4)M(-1)s(-1), non-reactive); 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (HOBr, k2=5.9×10(4)M(-1)s(-1), HOCl, k2=1.1×10(1)M(-1)s(-1)); uridine (HOBr, k2=1.3×10(3)M(-1)s(-1), HOCl non-reactive). The compounds 4-bromoanisole and 5-bromouridine were identified as the products of the reactions between HOBr and anisole or uridine, respectively, i.e. typical products of electrophilic substitutions. Together, these results show that, rather than an oxidant, HOBr is a powerful electrophilic reactant. This chemical property was theoretically confirmed by measuring the positive Mulliken and ChelpG charges upon bromine and chlorine. In conclusion, the high electrophilicity of HOBr could be behind its well-established deleterious effects. We propose that HOBr is the most powerful endogenous electrophile.
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49
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Rayner BS, Love DT, Hawkins CL. Comparative reactivity of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants with mammalian cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:240-255. [PMID: 24632382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is an important heme enzyme released by activated leukocytes that catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with halide and pseudo-halide ions to form various hypohalous acids. Hypohalous acids are chemical oxidants that have potent antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties and, as such, play key roles in the human immune system. However, increasing evidence supports an alternative role for myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants in the development of disease. Excessive production of hypohalous acids, particularly during chronic inflammation, leads to the initiation and accumulation of cellular damage that has been implicated in many human pathologies including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, lung disease, arthritis, inflammatory cancers, and kidney disease. This has sparked a significant interest in developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant-induced mammalian cell damage. This article reviews recent developments in our understanding of the cellular reactivity of hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, and hypothiocyanous acid, the major oxidants produced by myeloperoxidase under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Rayner
- Inflammation Group, The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dominic T Love
- Inflammation Group, The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Inflammation Group, The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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50
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Koag MC, Min K, Lee S. Structural basis for promutagenicity of 8-halogenated guanine. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6289-98. [PMID: 24425881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Halogenated guanine (haloG), a major DNA adduct formed by reactive halogen species during inflammation, is a promutagenic lesion that promotes misincorporation of G opposite the lesion by various DNA polymerases. Currently, the structural basis for such misincorporation is unknown. To gain insights into the mechanism of misincorporation across haloG by polymerase, we determined seven x-ray structures of human DNA polymerase β (polβ) bound to DNA bearing 8-bromoguanine (BrG). We determined two pre-catalytic ternary complex structures of polβ with an incoming nonhydrolyzable dGTP or dCTP analog paired with templating BrG. We also determined five binary complex structures of polβ in complex with DNA containing BrG·C/T at post-insertion and post-extension sites. In the BrG·dGTP ternary structure, BrG adopts syn conformation and forms Hoogsteen base pairing with the incoming dGTP analog. In the BrG·dCTP ternary structure, BrG adopts anti conformation and forms Watson-Crick base pairing with the incoming dCTP analog. In addition, our polβ binary post-extension structures show Hoogsteen BrG·G base pair and Watson-Crick BrG·C base pair. Taken together, the first structures of haloG-containing DNA bound to a protein indicate that both BrG·G and BrG·C base pairs are accommodated in the active site of polβ. Our structures suggest that Hoogsteen-type base pairing between G and C8-modified G could be accommodated in the active site of a DNA polymerase, promoting G to C mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Chul Koag
- From the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, the University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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