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Zhdankin GI, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF, Tkachenko PA, Vasilchenko DB, Glebov EM. Chain photosolvation of trans,trans,trans-[PtIV(py)2(N3)2(OH)2] complex prospective as a light-activated antitumor agent. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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2
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A review on the chemistry of novel platinum chelates based on azo-azomethine ligands. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Numerous platinum group metals (PGMs) complexes contain azo-azomethine-based ligands. Azo-azomethine ligands are N-donor ligands that have extended conjugated π-bonded systems and both azo (–N=N–) and aldimine (–C=N–) functions in their structure. Plenty of platinum (Pt) complexes with azo-imine ligands have been prepared and characterized. Various multidentate azo-imine ligands coordinated with different platinum metal substrates afforded structurally diverse platinum chelates. Nonetheless, many azo-imine-based platinum complexes demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, photo-switchable properties, and redox activities. The review encompasses a general overview of platinum complexes with versatile azo-azomethine ligands, their synthetic protocol, spectroscopic and structural features, chemical reactivity, and multipurpose applications in different areas.
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3
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Gao F, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wang F, Wu K. Dual-platination and induced oxidation of uridine by a photoactivatable diazido Pt(IV) anticancer prodrug. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11834-11839. [PMID: 35866478 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable Pt(IV) anticancer prodrug trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(pyridine)2] (1) has been shown to bind to and induce oxidation of all four DNA nucleobases. Herein, to further render the binding spectrum of complex 1 to nucleic acids, the interaction between complex 1 and uridine, an exclusive RNA component, was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that complex 1 can bind to uridine through the N3 (major) and O4 (minor) sites upon light irradiation to form the major mono-platinated uridine adduct and the minor di-platinated uridine adduct. Moreover, mono-platinated uridine associated with the oxidation of uridine to 5-hydroxyuridine and 6-hydroxyuridine was also observed. This is the first report that the photoactivatable Pt(IV) prodrug binds to and induces the oxidation of uridine, and also the last piece of the puzzle for the interactions of complex 1 with nucleobases. Combined with our previous results about the interactions between complex 1 and DNA bases, these data showed a wide interaction spectrum of this kind of photoactivatable diazido Pt(IV) prodrugs with nucleobases through such dual-action modes, strongly suggesting that RNA may be a potential target of Pt(IV) prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Jishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
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4
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Glebov EM. Femtochemistry methods for studying the photophysics and photochemistry of halide complexes of platinum metals. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Mu M, Gao H. DFT Study on the Substituent Effect of Anticancer Picoline-Diazido-Pt(IV) Compounds. Front Oncol 2022; 11:749178. [PMID: 35083137 PMCID: PMC8784384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The geometric structure of azido Pt(IV) compounds containing picoline was calculated by using density functional theory(DFT) at the LSDA/SDD level. The ESP distribution shows the possible reaction sites of the compounds. In addition, the frequency calculation results assigned the infrared spectra of these compounds, and specified important stretching and bending vibrations. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of these compounds are also calculated to explain the charge transfer of the molecules. The distribution of Mulliken charges and natural atomic charges of these atoms is also calculated. Natural bond orbital(NBO) analysis explains the intramolecular interactions and their electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Mu
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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6
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Bolitho E, Sanchez-Cano C, Shi H, Quinn PD, Harkiolaki M, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Single-Cell Chemistry of Photoactivatable Platinum Anticancer Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20224-20240. [PMID: 34808054 PMCID: PMC8662725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Pt(IV) prodrug trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)2] (Pt1) and its coumarin derivative trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)(coumarin-3-carboxylate)] (Pt2) are promising agents for photoactivated chemotherapy. These complexes are inert in the dark but release Pt(II) species and radicals upon visible light irradiation, resulting in photocytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Here, we have used synchrotron techniques to investigate the in-cell behavior of these prodrugs and visualize, for the first time, changes in cellular morphology and Pt localization upon treatment with and without light irradiation. We show that photoactivation of Pt2 induces remarkable cellular damage with extreme alterations to multiple cellular components, including formation of vacuoles, while also significantly increasing the cellular accumulation of Pt species compared to dark conditions. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in cells treated with Pt2 indicate only partial reduction of the prodrug upon irradiation, highlighting that phototoxicity in cancer cells may involve not only Pt(II) photoproducts but also photoexcited Pt(IV) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
M. Bolitho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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7
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Mu M, Gao H. Density functional study of trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N 3) 2(OH) 2(Py) 2] on molecular structure and vibrational spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120022. [PMID: 34116418 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study records the selection of the best combination of geometric optimization and frequency calculation methods of the trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2](FM-190) by using different density functional calculation methods and basis sets. The results show that the CAM-B3LYP/SDD method has the best fit to the experimental data for geometric optimization, while the LSDA/SDD method has better performance in frequency calculation, and the infrared vibration peak is assigned. In addition, the calculated HOMO and LUMO show the energy gap and the internal charge transfer of this complex. The hyperconjugation of the pyridine ring have been explained by NBO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Mu
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China.
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8
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The Cytotoxic Effect of Copper (II) Complexes with Halogenated 1,3-Disubstituted Arylthioureas on Cancer and Bacterial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111415. [PMID: 34768844 PMCID: PMC8584173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eight copper (II) complexes with 3-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)thiourea were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of all compounds was assessed in three human cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, PC3) and human normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). The complexes 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 were cytotoxic to the studied tumor cells in the low micromolar range, without affecting the normal cells. The complexes 1, 3, 7 and 8 induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in all cancer cell lines, but not in the HaCaT cells. They provoked early apoptosis in pathological cells, especially in SW480 and PC3 cells. The ability of compounds 1, 3, 7 and 8 to diminish interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in a cell was established. For the first time, the influence of the most promising Cu (II) complexes on intensities of detoxifying and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging the enzymes of tumor cells was studied. The cytotoxic effect of all copper (II) conjugates against standard and hospital bacterial strains was also proved.
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9
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Research progress of azido-containing Pt(IV) antitumor compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113927. [PMID: 34695775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a long-known incurable disease, and the medical use of cisplatin has been a significant discovery. However, the side-effects of cisplatin necessitate the development of new and improved drug. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the photoactivatable Pt(IV) compounds Pt[(X1)(X2)(Y1)(Y2)(N3)2], which have a completely novel mechanism of action. Pt(IV) can efficiently overcome the side-effects of cisplatin and other drugs. Here, we have demonstrated, summarized and discussed the effects and mechanism of these compounds. Compared to the relevant articles in the literature, we have provided a more detailed introduction and a made comprehensive classification of these compounds. We believe that our results can effectively provide a reference for the development of these drugs.
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10
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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11
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Liang Z, Lin J, Gong X, Cheng Y, Huang C, Zhang J, Wu X, Wang F, Zhao Y, Wu K. Reactions of a photoactivatable diazido Pt(iv) anticancer complex with a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:11249-11259. [PMID: 32756682 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum based anticancer agents are widely applied in clinic and their major target is believed to be DNA. Herein, the interaction of a photoactivatable diazido Pt(iv) anticancer prodrug trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (py = pyridine; 1) with a 15-mer single-G-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN I: 5'-CT2CTCTTG8T9CT11TCTC-3') was investigated by mass spectrometric methods. Up to penta-platinated ODN I adducts were identified from primary mass spectra while the mono- and di-platinated adducts had the highest intensity. Fragmentation of mono-, di- and tri-platinated I adducts in tandem MS revealed that T2, G8, T11 and T9 are binding sites. No cytosine sites were identified which may be due to the facile loss of Pt adducts from cytosine during CID. The intensity of {Pt(py)2}-bound adducts was comparable to that of {Pt(N3)(py)2}-bound adducts, indicating that the photo-reduction pathway of complex 1 from Pt(iv) to Pt(ii) through two one-electron donations from two azides was substantial. Moreover, no transformation of N3 to NH3 on the {Pt(N3)(py)2}-bound adducts was observed, whereas it is very popular during the reactions of complexes with short ODNs or mono-nucleotides. The oxidation on I induced by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed by the photodecomposition of complex 1 was significant, and the oxidation of G8 to 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-G), spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) was discovered. These results unambiguously revealed a sequence-length-dependent photochemical reactivity of complex 1 when it interacted with different ODNs, providing deeper understanding in the reactivity of photoactivatable diazido anticancer Pt(iv) prodrugs to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Jiafan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Xianxian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Jishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
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12
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Freitag L, González L. The Role of Triplet States in the Photodissociation of a Platinum Azide Complex by a Density Matrix Renormalization Group Method. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4876-4881. [PMID: 34006109 PMCID: PMC8165699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Platinum azide complexes are appealing anticancer photochemotherapy drug candidates because they release cytotoxic azide radicals upon light irradiation. Here we present a density matrix renormalization group self-consistent field (DMRG-SCF) study of the azide photodissociation mechanism of trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(NH3)2], including spin-orbit coupling. We find a complex interplay of singlet and triplet electronic excited states that falls into three different dissociation channels at well-separated energies. These channels can be accessed either via direct excitation into barrierless dissociative states or via intermediate doorway states from which the system undergoes non-radiative internal conversion and intersystem crossing. The high density of states, particularly of spin-mixed states, is key to aid non-radiative population transfer and enhance photodissociation along the lowest electronic excited states.
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Creutzberg J, Hedegård ED. Investigating the influence of relativistic effects on absorption spectra for platinum complexes with light-activated activity against cancer cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 22:27013-27023. [PMID: 33210700 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first systematic investigation of relativistic effects on the UV-vis spectra of two prototype complexes for so-called photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT), trans-trans-trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(NH3)2] and cis-trans-cis-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(NH3)2]. In PACT, design of new drugs requires in-depth understanding of the photo-activation mechanisms. A first step is usually to rationalize their UV-vis spectra for which time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is an indispensable tool. We carried out TD-DFT calculations with a systematic series of non-relativistic (NR), scalar-relativistic (SR), and four-component (4c) Hamiltonians. As expected, large differences are found between spectra calculated within 4c and NR frameworks, while the most intense features (found at higher energies below 300 nm) can be reasonably well reproduced within a SR framework. It is also shown that effective core potentials (ECPs) yield essentially similar results as all-electron SR calculations. Yet the underlying transitions can be strongly influenced by spin-orbit coupling, which is only present in the 4c framework: while this can affect both intense and less intense transitions in the spectra, the effect is most pronounced for weaker transitions at lower energies, above 300 nm. Since the investigated complexes are activated with light of wavelengths above 300 nm, employing a method with explicit inclusion of spin-orbit coupling may be crucial to rationalize the activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Creutzberg
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Photoactivatable Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs: Mode of Photoactivation and Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215167. [PMID: 33171980 PMCID: PMC7664195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are a class of widely used agents in clinical cancer treatment. However, their efficacy was greatly limited by their severe side effects and the arising drug resistance. The selective activation of inert platinum-based drugs in the tumor site by light irradiation is able to reduce side effects, and the novel mechanism of action of photoactivatable platinum drugs might also conquer the resistance. In this review, the recent advances in the design of photoactivatable platinum-based drugs were summarized. The complexes are classified according to their mode of action, including photoreduction, photo-uncaging, and photodissociation. The rationale of drug design, dark stability, photoactivation process, cytotoxicity, and mechanism of action of typical photoactivatable platinum drugs were reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for designing more potent photoactivatable platinum drugs were discussed.
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15
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Zhang J, Zeng W, Wu K, Ye J, Cheng Y, Cheng Y, Zou T, Peng N, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wang F. Unexpected Thymine Oxidation and Collision-Induced Thymine-Pt-guanine Cross-Linking on 5'-TpG and 5'-GpT by a Photoactivatable Diazido Pt(IV) Anticancer Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8468-8480. [PMID: 32450042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical products of dinucleotides 5'-TpG/5'-GpT with a photoactivatable anticancer Pt(IV) complex (trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2], py = pyridine; 1) were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The primary MS showed the main products were monoplatinated and diplatinated adducts for both the dinucleotides accompanied by the formation of minor triplatinated dinucleotides, indicating that T-N3 and G-N1 may be platination sites additional to the well-known G-N7 site. Surprisingly, a series of minor platinated adducts with oxidation of guanine and/or thymine were observed. Although guanine is more sensitive to oxidation than thymine, thymine can compete with guanine for complex 1-induced oxidation, of which the oxidation adducts were identified as cis- and trans-diastereomers of 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine (cis,trans-ThdGly), 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-FormdUrd), and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (5-HMdUrd), respectively. While for guanine, apart from 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-G) and N-formylamidoiminohydantoin (RedSp), other guanine oxidized adducts such as spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), dehydroguanidinohydantoin (DGh), and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) were also identified. MS/MS analysis showed that unique fragments with a Pt moiety [Pt(N3)(py)] cross-linking the G and T bases were formed during the fragmentation of monoplatinated dinucleotides. Such binding mode to and oxidative damages on DNA bases imposed by the diazido Pt(IV) complex are apparently distinct from those of cisplatin, perhaps accounting for its unique mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Na Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Basic Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Shi H, Imberti C, Huang H, Hands-Portman I, Sadler PJ. Biotinylated photoactive Pt(iv) anticancer complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2320-2323. [PMID: 31990000 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel biotinylated diazido-Pt(iv) complexes exhibit high visible light photocytotoxicity while being stable in the dark. Photocytotoxicity and cellular accumulation of all-trans-[Pt(py)2(N3)2(biotin)(OH)] (2a) were enhanced significantly when bound to avidin; irradiation induced dramatic cellular morphological changes in human ovarian cancer cells treated with 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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17
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Imberti C, Zhang P, Huang H, Sadler PJ. New Designs for Phototherapeutic Transition Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:61-73. [PMID: 31310436 PMCID: PMC6973108 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of such agents into clinical use. New designs for light-activated transition metal complexes offer photoactivatable prodrugs with novel targeted mechanisms of action. Light irradiation can provide spatial and temporal control of drug activation, increasing selectivity and reducing side-effects. The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the number and types of ligands, and the coordination geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen)Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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18
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Novohradsky V, Pracharova J, Kasparkova J, Imberti C, Bridgewater HE, Sadler PJ, Brabec V. Induction of immunogenic cell death in cancer cells by a photoactivated platinum(IV) prodrug. Inorg Chem Front 2020; 7:4150-4159. [PMID: 34540235 DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The platinum(IV) prodrug trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (1) is stable and non-toxic in the dark, but potently cytotoxic to cancer cells when irradiated by visible light, including cisplatin-resistant cells. On irradiation with visible light, it generates reactive Pt(II) species which can attack DNA, and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which exert unusual effects on biochemical pathways. We now show that its novel mechanism of action includes induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Treatment of cancer cells with 1 followed by photoirradiation with visible light induces calreticulin (CRT) expression at the surface of dying cancer cells. This is accompanied by release of high mobility group protein-1B (HMGB1) and the secretion of ATP. Autophagy appears to play a key role in this chemotherapeutically-stimulated ICD. The observed uneven distribution of ecto-CRT promotes phagocytosis, confirmed by the observation of engulfment of photoirradiated CT26 colorectal cancer cells treated with 1 by J774.A1 macrophages. The photoactivatable prodrug 1 has a unique mechanism of action which distinguishes it from other platinum drugs due to its immunomodulating properties, which may enhance its anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Pracharova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah E Bridgewater
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Imberti C, Zhang P, Huang H, Sadler PJ. New Designs for Phototherapeutic Transition Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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20
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Gurruchaga-Pereda J, Martínez Á, Terenzi A, Salassa L. Anticancer platinum agents and light. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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22
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Shi H, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Diazido platinum(iv) complexes for photoactivated anticancer chemotherapy. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00288j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diazido Pt(iv) complexes with a general formula [Pt(N3)2(L)(L′)(OR)(OR′)] are a new generation of anticancer prodrugs designed for use in photoactivated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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23
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Imran M, Ayub W, Butler IS, Zia-ur-Rehman. Photoactivated platinum-based anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Shi H, Romero-Canelón I, Hreusova M, Novakova O, Venkatesh V, Habtemariam A, Clarkson GJ, Song JI, Brabec V, Sadler PJ. Photoactivatable Cell-Selective Dinuclear trans-Diazidoplatinum(IV) Anticancer Prodrugs. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14409-14420. [PMID: 30365308 PMCID: PMC6257630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A series of dinuclear
octahedral PtIV complexes trans,trans,trans-[{Pt(N3)2(py)2(OH)(OC(O)CH2CH2C(O)NH)}2R] containing pyridine (py) and bridging
dicarboxylate [R = −CH2CH2– (1), trans-1,2-C6H10– (2), p-C6H4– (3), −CH2CH2CH2CH2– (4)] ligands have
been synthesized and characterized, including the X-ray crystal structures
of complexes 1·2MeOH and 4, the first
photoactivatable dinuclear PtIV complexes with azido ligands.
The complexes are highly stable in the dark, but upon photoactivation
with blue light (420 nm), they release the bridging ligand and mononuclear
photoproducts. Upon irradiation with blue light (465 nm), they generate
azidyl and hydroxyl radicals, detected using a 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide electron paramagnetic resonance spin trap, accompanied
by the disappearance of the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (N3 → Pt) band at ca. 300 nm. The dinuclear complexes
are photocytotoxic to human cancer cells (465 nm, 4.8 mW/cm2, 1 h), including A2780 human ovarian and esophageal OE19 cells with
IC50 values of 8.8–78.3 μM, whereas cisplatin
is inactive under these conditions. Complexes 1, 3, and 4 are notably more photoactive toward
cisplatin-resistant ovarian A2780cis compared to A2780 cells. Remarkably,
all of the complexes were relatively nontoxic toward normal cells
(MRC5 lung fibroblasts), with IC50 values >100 μM,
even after irradiation. The introduction of an aromatic bridging ligand
(3) significantly enhanced cellular uptake. The populations
in the stages of the cell cycle remained unchanged upon treatment
with complexes in the dark, while the population of the G2/M phase
increased upon irradiation, suggesting that DNA is a target for these
photoactivated dinuclear PtIV complexes. Liquid chromatography–mass
spectrometry data show that the photodecomposition pathway of the
dinuclear complexes results in the release of two molecules of mononuclear
platinum(II) species. As a consequence, DNA binding of the dinuclear
complexes after photoactivation in cell-free media is, in several
respects, qualitatively similar to that of the photoactivated mononuclear
complex FM-190. After photoactivation, they were 2-fold
more effective in quenching the fluorescence of EtBr bound to DNA,
forming DNA interstrand cross-links and unwinding DNA compared to
the photoactivated FM-190. Novel all-trans dinuclear
PtIV complexes bridged
by a dicarboxylate linker, highly stable in the dark, generate azidyl
and hydroxyl radicals upon irradiation with blue light. They are photocytotoxic
to human cancer cells, whereas cisplatin was inactive under these
conditions and more photoactive toward cisplatin-resistant ovarian
cancer cells compared to wild-type cells. Remarkably, the dinuclear
complexes were relatively nontoxic toward normal human cells. Cell
cycle and DNA binding experiments suggested that DNA is a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Monika Hreusova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17 listopadu 12 , Olomouc CZ-77146 , Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Kralovopolska 135 , Brno CZ-61265 , Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Institute of Biophysics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Kralovopolska 135 , Brno CZ-61265 , Czech Republic
| | - V Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Ji-Inn Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Kralovopolska 135 , Brno CZ-61265 , Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
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25
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Vernooij RR, Joshi T, Horbury MD, Graham B, Izgorodina EI, Stavros VG, Sadler PJ, Spiccia L, Wood BR. Spectroscopic Studies on Photoinduced Reactions of the Anticancer Prodrug, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 (py) 2 ]. Chemistry 2018; 24:5790-5803. [PMID: 29314368 PMCID: PMC5947305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The photodecomposition mechanism of trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3 )2 (OH)2 (py)2 ] (1, py=pyridine), an anticancer prodrug candidate, was probed using complementary Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), transient electronic absorption, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Data fitting using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multi-Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares, suggests the formation of a trans-[Pt(N3 )(py)2 (OH/H2 O)] intermediate and trans-[Pt(py)2 (OH/H2 O)2 ] as the final product upon 420 nm irradiation of 1 in water. Rapid disappearance of the hydroxido ligand stretching vibration upon irradiation is correlated with a -10 cm-1 shift to the antisymmetric azido vibration, suggesting a possible second intermediate. Experimental proof of subsequent dissociation of azido ligands from platinum is presented, in which at least one hydroxyl radical is formed in the reduction of PtIV to PtII . Additionally, the photoinduced reaction of 1 with the nucleotide 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) was comprehensively studied, and the identity of key photoproducts was assigned with the help of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory calculations. The identification of marker bands for some of these photoproducts (e.g., trans-[Pt(N3 )(py)2 (5'-GMP)] and trans-[Pt(py)2 (5'-GMP)2 ]) will aid elucidation of the chemical and biological mechanism of anticancer action of 1. In general, these studies demonstrate the potential of vibrational spectroscopic techniques as promising tools for studying such metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbin R. Vernooij
- School of Chemistry and Centre for BiospectroscopyMonash UniversityClayton3800VICAustralia
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Michael D. Horbury
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | | | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry and Centre for BiospectroscopyMonash UniversityClayton3800VICAustralia
| | - Bayden R. Wood
- School of Chemistry and Centre for BiospectroscopyMonash UniversityClayton3800VICAustralia
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26
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Wootton CA, Sanchez-Cano C, Lopez-Clavijo AF, Shaili E, Barrow MP, Sadler PJ, O'Connor PB. Sequence-dependent attack on peptides by photoactivated platinum anticancer complexes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2733-2739. [PMID: 29732057 PMCID: PMC5911824 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Octahedral platinum(iv) complexes such as trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(pyridine)2] (1) are stable in the dark, but potently cytotoxic to a range of cancer cells when activated by UVA or visible light, and active in vivo. Photoactivation causes the reduction of the complex and leads to the formation of unusual Pt(ii) lesions on DNA. However, radicals are also generated in the excited state resulting from photoactivation (J. S. Butler, J. A. Woods, N. J. Farrer, M. E. Newton and P. J. Sadler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 16508-16511). Here we show that once photoactivated, 1 also can interact with peptides, and therefore proteins are potential targets of this candidate drug. High resolution FT-ICR MS studies show that reactions of 1 activated by visible light with two neuropeptides Substance P, RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2 (SubP) and [Lys]3-Bombesin, pEQKLGNQWAVGHLM-NH2 (K3-Bom) give rise to unexpected products, in the form of both oxidised and platinated peptides. Further MS/MS analysis using electron-capture dissociation (ECD) dissociation pathways (enabling retention of the Pt complex during fragmentation), and EPR experiments using the spin-trap DEPMPO, show that the products generated during the photoactivation of 1 depend on the amino acid composition of the peptide. This work reveals the multi-targeting nature of excited state platinum anticancer complexes. Not only can they target DNA, but also peptides (and proteins) by sequence dependent platination and radical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Wootton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
| | - Andrea F Lopez-Clavijo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
| | - Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . ; ; ; Fax: +44 (0)24 765 23819 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 76151008 ; Tel: +44 (0)24 765 23818
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27
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Glebov EM, Pozdnyakov IP, Vasilchenko DB, Zadesenets AV, Melnikov AA, Magin IM, Grivin VP, Chekalin SV, Plyusnin VF. Photochemistry of cis,trans-[Pt(en)(I)2(OH)2] complex in aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Potentiation of cytotoxic action of cis -[PtCl 2 (NH 3 )(1M7AI)] by UVA irradiation. Mechanistic insights. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Mitra K. Platinum complexes as light promoted anticancer agents: a redefined strategy for controlled activation. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:19157-19171. [PMID: 27883129 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery and amenable activation of prodrugs are indispensible criteria for designing novel anticancer agents. Platinum based drugs vanguard the chemotherapeutic regimes and over the years significant attention has been paid to achieve more efficacious drugs with fewer adverse effects. The switch from platinum(ii) drugs to the inert platinum(iv) analogues proved advantageous but the new prodrugs still suffered from unspecific cytotoxic actions. Thus the photoactivation of an inert platinum prodrug specifically within neoplastic cells provided the desired spatio-temporal control over drug activation by means of illumination, thereby limiting the cytotoxic events to only at the targeted tumors. This article collates research on platinum complexes which exhibit potential light mediated anticancer effects and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of activation. Fine tuning of the coordination sphere results in dramatic alteration of the redox and spectral properties of both ground and excited states and the cellular properties of the molecules. This concise article highlights the various light promoted strategies employed to attain a controlled release of active platinum(ii) and/or reactive oxygen species such as photoreduction, photocaging, photodissociation and photosensitization. Such dual action photoactive metal complexes with improved aqueous solubility and versatility are promising candidates for combination therapy which is likely to be the future of anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560-012, India.
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30
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Glebov EM, Grivin VP, Vasil’chenko DB, Zadesenets AV, Plyusnin VF. Two-quantum photochemistry of the complex cis,trans-[PtIV(en)(I)2(CH3COO)2]. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143917060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Hu X, Li F, Noor N, Ling D. Platinum drugs: from Pt(II) compounds, Pt(IV) prodrugs, to Pt nanocrystals/nanoclusters. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:589-596. [PMID: 36659367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) based drugs, such as cisplatin, are widely used as anti-cancer agents, but their severe adverse reactions and resistance of cancer patients have limited their board clinical use. For the last few decades, Pt(II) compounds, Pt(IV) prodrugs as well as smart drug delivery systems have been developed to overcome these problems. However, most conventional strategies rely on the similar anti-cancer mechanism with cisplatin and consequently only achieve limited success. Recently, Pt nanocrystals/nanoclusters (Pt NCs), with a brand new anti-cancer mechanism, have shown a promising potential in targeted cancer therapy, especially in Pt resistance circumvention. This review is helpful to understand the research strategies of Pt drugs, particularly, the recent developments and medical applications of Pt NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Nabila Noor
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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32
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Chanu SB, Banerjee S, Roy M. Potent anticancer activity of photo-activated oxo-bridged diiron(III) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:816-824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Shushakov AA, Pozdnyakov IP, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF, Vasilchenko DB, Zadesenets AV, Melnikov AA, Chekalin SV, Glebov EM. Primary photochemical processes for Pt(iv) diazido complexes prospective in photodynamic therapy of tumors. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9440-9450. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A case study of chain photoaquation of mixed-ligand Pt(iv) diazido complexes tested in PDT of tumors is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Shushakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Ivan P. Pozdnyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Vjacheslav P. Grivin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Victor F. Plyusnin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Danila B. Vasilchenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Andrei V. Zadesenets
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Alexei A. Melnikov
- Institute of Spectroscopy
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Troitsk, Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Troitsk, Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Evgeni M. Glebov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
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Singh K, Srivastava P, Patra AK. Binding interactions with biological targets and DNA photocleavage activity of Pr(III) and Nd(III) complexes of dipyridoquinoxaline. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vernooij R, Joshi T, Shaili E, Kubeil M, Appadoo DT, Izgorodina EI, Graham B, Sadler PJ, Wood BR, Spiccia L. Comprehensive Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2], a Pt(IV) Diazido Anticancer Prodrug Candidate. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5983-92. [PMID: 27257848 PMCID: PMC4916484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a detailed study of a promising photoactivatable metal-based anticancer prodrug candidate, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (C1; py = pyridine), using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), Raman, and synchrotron radiation far-IR (SR-FIR) spectroscopies were applied to obtain highly resolved ligand and Pt-ligand vibrations for C1 and its precursors (trans-[Pt(N3)2(py)2] (C2) and trans-[PtCl2(py)2] (C3)). Distinct IR- and Raman-active vibrational modes were assigned with the aid of density functional theory calculations, and trends in the frequency shifts as a function of changing Pt coordination environment were determined and detailed for the first time. The data provide the ligand and Pt-ligand (azide, hydroxide, pyridine) vibrational signatures for C1 in the mid- and far-IR region, which will provide a basis for the better understanding of the interaction of C1 with biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbin
R. Vernooij
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Evyenia Shaili
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Manja Kubeil
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ekaterina I. Izgorodina
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Bayden R. Wood
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
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Primary photophysical and photochemical processes upon UV excitation of PtBr6 2– and PtCl6 2– complexes in water and methanol. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3436-86. [PMID: 26865551 PMCID: PMC4792284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1706] [Impact Index Per Article: 213.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing nonclassical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown, and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this Review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore nonclassical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry or with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-threat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanoparticles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations, including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also will reflect our optimism that the next generation of approved platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Gandioso A, Shaili E, Massaguer A, Artigas G, González-Cantó A, Woods JA, Sadler PJ, Marchán V. An integrin-targeted photoactivatable Pt(IV) complex as a selective anticancer pro-drug: synthesis and photoactivation studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:9169-72. [PMID: 25947177 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new anticancer agent based on the conjugation of a photoactivatable Pt(IV) pro-drug to a cyclic RGD-containing peptide is described. Upon visible light irradiation, phototoxicity was induced preferentially in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cancer cells overexpressing αVβ3 integrin compared to control DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain.
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Shaili E, Fernández-Giménez M, Rodríguez-Astor S, Gandioso A, Sandín L, García-Vélez C, Massaguer A, Clarkson GJ, Woods JA, Sadler PJ, Marchán V. A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Conjugated to the RNA Ligand Guanidinoneomycin. Chemistry 2015; 21:18474-86. [PMID: 26662220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3 )2 (OH)(succ)(py)2 ] (succ=succinylate, py=pyridine), has been conjugated to guanidinoneomycin to study the effect of this guanidinum-rich compound on the photoactivation, intracellular accumulation and phototoxicity of the pro-drug. Surprisingly, trifluoroacetic acid treatment causes the replacement of an azido ligand and the axial hydroxide ligand by trifluoroacetate, as shown by NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray crystallography. Photoactivation of the platinum-guanidinoneomycin conjugate in the presence of 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) led to the formation of trans-[Pt(N3 )(py)2 (5'-GMP)](+) , as does the parent platinum(IV) complex. Binding of the platinum(II) photoproduct {PtN3 (py)2 }(+) to guanine nucleobases in a short single-stranded oligonucleotide was also observed. Finally, cellular uptake studies showed that guanidinoneomycin conjugation improved the intracellular accumulation of the platinum(IV) pro-drug in two cancer cell lines, particularly in SK-MEL-28 cells. Notably, the higher phototoxicity of the conjugate in SK-MEL-28 cells than in DU-145 cells suggests a degree of selectivity towards the malignant melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Marta Fernández-Giménez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Savina Rodríguez-Astor
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Lluís Sandín
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Carlos García-Vélez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona (Spain)
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY (UK)
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK).
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain).
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Ritacco I, Russo N, Sicilia E. DFT Investigation of the Mechanism of Action of Organoiridium(III) Complexes As Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10801-10. [PMID: 26492153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of synthetic metal complexes able to catalyze chemical transformations in living organisms is currently attracting a great deal of attention. Recently, organometallic ruthenium and iridium complexes have revealed an unexpected ability to modulate the redox status of cancer cells. In particular, half-sandwich organoiridium(III) cyclopentadienyl complexes of general formula [(η(5)-Cp(x))Ir(III)(X(∧)Y)Z](0/+), where Cp(x) = Cp*, Cp(xph) (tetramethyl-(phenyl)cyclopentadienyl) or Cp(xbiph) (tetramethyl(biphenyl)-cyclopentadienyl), X(∧)Y = bidentate ligand with nitrogen, oxygen, and/or carbon donor atoms, and Z = Cl, H2O, or pyridine (py) have shown promising antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells, higher potency than cisplatin, and a different mechanism of action due to the increase of the oxidative stress in cells. As such, complexes can belong to the class of DNA interacting compounds and attack on DNA can represent a secondary mechanism of action. We have explored here by means of density functional calculations (M06-L) and with the support of experimental observations for both [(η(5)-Cp(xbiph))Ir-(phpy) (Cl)], 1-Cl, and [(η(5)-Cp(xbiph))Ir-(phpy) (py)], 1-py, complexes the mechanistic aspects of the hydrolysis reaction, H2O2 ROS production by assisted hydride transfer from NADH to molecular oxygen, interaction with purine nucleobases adenine and guanine as well as gluthatione, that is highly abundant in cells, alongside the reaction mechanism for the oxidation of the formed sulfur-coordinated thiolate to the corresponding sulfenato complex. The comparison between kinetic and thermodynamic parameters calculated for all the involved processes shows that, according to the hypothesis based on experimental findings, the interaction with the tripeptide glutathione causes deactivation of 1-Cl, whereas 1-py, in both its aquated and nonaquated form, can induce cell apoptosis in a dual manner: DNA damage and H2O2 ROS production to increase oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria , Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 14cI-87030, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria , Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 14cI-87030, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria , Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 14cI-87030, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Glebov EM, Pozdnyakov IP, Plyusnin VF, Khmelinskii I. Primary reactions in the photochemistry of hexahalide complexes of platinum group metals: A minireview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Target-selective delivery and activation of platinum-based anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:911-27. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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43
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Chang YH, Leu WJ, Datta A, Hsiao HC, Lin CH, Guh JH, Huang JH. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation and anticancer activity of arene–ruthenium compounds incorporating bi-dentate precursors. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16107-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of arene–Ru compounds were synthesized and their catalytic transfer hydrogenation and anticancer activity towards human hormone-refractory prostate cancer were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Wohn-Jenn Leu
- School of Pharmacy
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 100
| | - Amitabha Datta
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Hung-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Yuan Christian University
- Chun-Li 320
- Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 100
| | - Jui-Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
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44
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Sun YG, Guo Y, Sun D, Zhu MC, Ding F, Liu YN, Gao EJ, Wang SJ, Xiong G, Dragutan I, Dragutan V. Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Interaction with DNA, DFT Calculation, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Glebov EM, Pozdnyakov IP, Melnikov AA, Chekalin SV. Photophysical and photochemical processes followed by 320nm femtosecond laser excitation of IrCl62− complex in aqueous and methanol solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Glebov EM, Kolomeets AV, Pozdnyakov IP, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF, Tkachenko NV, Lemmetyinen H. Chain processes in the photochemistry of PtIV halide complexes in aqueous solutions. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Pattanayak P, Parua SP, Patra D, Pratihar JL, Brandão P, Felix V, Chattopadhyay S. Synthesis, characterizations and structure of orthometallated Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes: Oxidative addition to C,N,N,O coordinated Pt(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Glebov EM, Chernetsov VP, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF, Venediktov AB. Photochemistry of Pt complex in aqueous solutions. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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The Photochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes and Its Application in Biology and Medicine. LUMINESCENT AND PHOTOACTIVE TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES AS BIOMOLECULAR PROBES AND CELLULAR REAGENTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2014_165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely applied for the treatment of various types of tumours. Over the last few decades, a large variety of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes have been developed to improve the applicability in a wider spectrum of cancers, increase their therapeutic window and reduce the dose-limiting side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is the administration of a photosensitiser followed by visible light activation, is a promising route to avoid damage to healthy cells and the surrounding tissue. Transition metal complexes as photochemotherapeutic agents are an attractive option for further development in the field of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). These complexes exhibit different numbers and types of excited states which are easily accessible upon light irradiation, subsequently giving rise to the formation of various photoproducts that can enable a distinct mode of action. Platinum-diazido complexes are promising candidates for PACT due to the low cytotoxicity when irradiated with visible light. This review summarises the mode of action of current platinum anticancer drugs with cisplatin as a lead example and the development of non-conventional Pt(II) complexes. Background information regarding PDT the photophysical and photochemical properties of metal complexes is provided, as well as notable examples of photoactivated metal complexes with biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on recent developments on platinum photoactivated drugs.
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