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Liu J, Liu S, Li D, Li H, Zhang F. Prevalence and Associations of Co-occurrence of NFE2L2 Mutations and Chromosome 3q26 Amplification in Lung Cancer. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:150-158. [PMID: 38628662 PMCID: PMC11018393 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background NFE2L2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2) encodes a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor and exhibits variations in various tumor types, including lung cancer. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the impact of simultaneous mutations on the survival of NFE2L2 -mutant lung cancer patients within specific subgroups. Methods A cohort of 1,103 lung cancer patients was analyzed using hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing. Results The NFE2L2 gene had alterations in 3.0% (33/1,103) of lung cancer samples, including 1.5% (15/992) in adenocarcinoma and 16.2% (18/111) in squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-four variations were found, mainly in exons 2 (27/34). New variations in exon 2 (p.D21H, p.V36_E45del, p.F37_E45del, p.R42P, p.E67Q, and p.L76_E78delinsQ) were identified. Some patients had copy number amplifications. Co-occurrence with TP53 (84.8%), CDKN2A (33.3%), KMT2B (33.3%), LRP1B (33.3%), and PIK3CA (27.3%) mutations was common. Variations of NFE2L2 displayed the tightest co-occurrence with IRF2 , TERC , ATR , ZMAT3 , and SOX2 ( p < 0.001). In The Cancer Genome Atlas Pulmonary Squamous Carcinoma project, patients with NFE2L2 variations and 3q26 amplification had longer median survival (63.59 vs. 32.04 months, p = 0.0459) and better overall survival. Conclusions NFE2L2 mutations display notable heterogeneity in lung cancer. The coexistence of NFE2L2 mutations and 3q26 amplification warrants in-depth exploration of their potential clinical implications and treatment approaches for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sijie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jingxing County Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Oncology, Rongcheng County People's Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Satta S, Beal R, Smith R, Luo X, Ferris GR, Langford-Smith A, Teasdale J, Ajime TT, Serré J, Hazell G, Newby GS, Johnson JL, Kurinna S, Humphries MJ, Gayan-Ramirez G, Libby P, Degens H, Yu B, Johnson T, Alexander Y, Jia H, Newby AC, White SJ. A Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis mediates cigarette smoke-induced endothelial detachment: implications for plaque erosion. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1869-1882. [PMID: 36804807 PMCID: PMC10405570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial erosion of plaques is responsible for ∼30% of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Smoking is a risk factor for plaque erosion, which most frequently occurs on the upstream surface of plaques where the endothelium experiences elevated shear stress. We sought to recreate these conditions in vitro to identify potential pathological mechanisms that might be of relevance to plaque erosion. METHODS AND RESULTS Culturing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) under elevated flow (shear stress of 7.5 Pa) and chronically exposing them to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) recapitulated a defect in HCAEC adhesion, which corresponded with augmented Nrf2-regulated gene expression. Pharmacological activation or adenoviral overexpression of Nrf2 triggered endothelial detachment, identifying Nrf2 as a mediator of endothelial detachment. Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) expression was elevated in this model, with protein expression elevated in the plasma of patients experiencing plaque erosion compared with plaque rupture. The expression of two Nrf2-regulated genes, OSGIN1 and OSGIN2, was increased by CSE and TNFα under elevated flow and was also elevated in the aortas of mice exposed to cigarette smoke in vivo. Knockdown of OSGIN1&2 inhibited Nrf2-induced cell detachment. Overexpression of OSGIN1&2 induced endothelial detachment and resulted in cell cycle arrest, induction of senescence, loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibres, and disturbed proteostasis mediated in part by HSP70, restoration of which reduced HCAEC detachment. In ACS patients who smoked, blood concentrations of HSP70 were elevated in plaque erosion compared with plaque rupture. CONCLUSION We identified a novel Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis that regulates endothelial adhesion, elevated GDF15 and HSP70 as biomarkers for plaque erosion in patients who smoke, and two therapeutic targets that offer the potential for reducing the risk of plaque erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Satta
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Beal
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Rhys Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Glenn R Ferris
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Alex Langford-Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jack Teasdale
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tom Tanjeko Ajime
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georgina Hazell
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela Sala Newby
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Svitlana Kurinna
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto g. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Liu X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Guo F, Liang J, Hong X, Guo R, Zhang B. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside Ameliorates Osteoarthritis via Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2/ nuclear factor kappa B Pathway: In vitro and in vivo experiments. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114964. [PMID: 37269815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease in which inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation play a crucial role in the destruction of articular cartilage. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in wholegrain flaxseed, which has been reported to remarkably suppress inflammation and oxidative stress, may have potential therapeutic value in OA. In this study, the effect and mechanism of SDG against cartilage degeneration were verified in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and collagen-induced (CIA) arthritis models and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocyte models. From our experiments, SDG treatment downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by IL-1β in vitro, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Additionally, SDG promoted the expression of collagen II (COL2A1) and SRY-related high-mobility-group-box gene 9(SOX9), while suppressing the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5(ADAMTS5) and matrix metalloproteinases 13(MMP13), which leads to catabolism. Consistently, in vivo, SDG has been identified to have chondroprotective effects in DMM-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models. Mechanistically, SDG exerted its anti-inflammation and anti-ECM degradation effects by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In conclusion, SDG ameliorates the progression of OA via the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway, which indicates that SDG may have therapeutic potential for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Huankui academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiqin Zhang
- Huankui academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengfen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jianhui Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Runsheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Giebe S, Brux M, Hofmann A, Lowe F, Breheny D, Morawietz H, Brunssen C. Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next-generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on inflammatory biomarkers of human monocytes. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02809-9. [PMID: 37081240 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play a key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their pro-inflammatory effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression in THP-1 monocytes after exposure to aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) of a heated tobacco product (HTP), an electronic cigarette (e-cig), a conventional cigarette (3R4F) and pure nicotine (nic). Treatment with 3R4F reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas exposure to alternative smoking products showed no difference to control. At the highest non-lethal dose of 3R4F (20%), the following notable mRNA expression changes were observed for 3R4F, HTP, and e-cig respectively, relative to control; HMOX1 (6-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), NQO1 (3.5-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), CCL2 (4-fold, 3.5-fold, 2.5-fold), IL1B (4-fold, 3-fold, < 2-fold), IL8 (5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold), TNF (2-fold, 2-fold, < 2-fold) and ICAM1 was below the 2-fold threshold for all products. With respect to protein expression, IL1B (3-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold) and IL8 (3.5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold) were elevated over the 2-fold threshold, whereas CCL2, TNF, and ICAM1 were below 2-fold expression for all products. At higher doses, greater inductions were observed with all extracts; however, NGP responses were typically lower than 3R4F. In conclusion, anti-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes were activated by all products. NGPs overall showed lower responses relative to controls than THP-1 cells exposed to 3R4F AqE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Giebe
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frazer Lowe
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Damien Breheny
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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5
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Differentially Expressed Genes Analysis in the Human Small Airway Epithelium of Healthy Smokers Shows Potential Risks of Disease Caused by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and the Potentiality of Astaxanthin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent. Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:4251299. [PMID: 36909892 PMCID: PMC10005861 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4251299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) was known for its effect of increasing oxidative stress that could trigger tissue injury and endothelial dysfunction mediated by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS itself is a key signaling molecule that plays a role in the development of inflammatory disorders. Nuclear factor erythroid2 related factor2 (Nrf2) is the main regulator of antioxidant cellular response to cell and tissue-destroying components caused by CS. Nrf2 protein that is significantly activated in the smokers' small airway epithelium is followed by a series of gene expression changes in the same cells. This study aims to observe differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the human small airway epithelium of smokers compared to genes whose expression changes due to astaxanthin (AST) treatment, an antioxidant compound that can modulate Nrf2. Gene expression data that was stored in the GEO browser (GSE 11952) was analyzed using GEO2R to search for DEG among smokers and nonsmokers subject. DEG was further compared to those genes whose expression changes due to astaxanthin treatment (AST) that were obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; https://ctdbase.org/). DEG (p < 0.05) analysis result shows that there are 23 genes whose expression regulation is reversed compared to gene expression due to AST treatment. The gene function annotations of the 23 DEGs showed the involvement of some of these genes in chemical and oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic signaling pathways. All of the genes were involved/associated with chronic bronchitis, adenocarcinoma of the lung, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, emphysema, ischemic stroke, lung diseases, and inflammation. Thus, AST treatment for smokers could potentially decrease the development of ROS and oxidative stress that leads to inflammation and health risks associated with smoking.
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6
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Analyzing integrated network of methylation and gene expression profiles in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15799. [PMID: 36138066 PMCID: PMC9500023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression, DNA methylation, and their organizational relationships are commonly altered in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). To elucidate these complex interactions, we reconstructed a differentially expressed gene network and a differentially methylated cytosine (DMC) network by partial information decomposition and an inverse correlation algorithm, respectively. Then, we performed graph union to integrate the networks. Community detection and enrichment analysis of the integrated network revealed close interactions between the cell cycle, keratinization, immune system, and xenobiotic metabolism gene sets in LUSC. DMC analysis showed that hypomethylation targeted the gene sets responsible for cell cycle, keratinization, and NRF2 pathways. On the other hand, hypermethylated genes affected circulatory system development, the immune system, extracellular matrix organization, and cilium organization. By centrality measurement, we identified NCAPG2, PSMG3, and FADD as hub genes that were highly connected to other nodes and might play important roles in LUSC gene dysregulation. We also found that the genes with high betweenness centrality are more likely to affect patients’ survival than those with low betweenness centrality. These results showed that the integrated network analysis enabled us to obtain a global view of the interactions and regulations in LUSC.
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Keskinidou C, Vassiliou AG, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3501-3546. [PMID: 35734098 PMCID: PMC9207257 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma. Hence, it is considered as the most appropriate clinical syndrome to study pathogenic mechanisms of lung inflammation. ARDS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), while no effective pharmacological treatment exists. It is very important therefore to fully characterize the underlying pathobiology and the related mechanisms, in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In vivo and in vitro models are important pre-clinical tools in biological and medical research in the mechanistic and pathological understanding of the majority of diseases. In this review, we will present data from selected experimental models of lung injury/acute lung inflammation, which have been based on clinical disorders that can lead to the development of ARDS and related inflammatory lung processes in humans, including ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, smoke, acid aspiration, radiation, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), influenza, Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae and coronaviruses infection. Data from the corresponding clinical conditions will also be presented. The mechanisms related to lung inflammation that will be covered are oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, surfactant, and water and ion channels. Finally, we will present a brief overview of emerging techniques in the field of omics research that have been applied to ARDS research, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which may recognize factors to help stratify ICU patients at risk, predict their prognosis, and possibly, serve as more specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Delgobo M, Gonçalves RM, Delazeri MA, Falchetti M, Zandoná A, Nascimento das Neves R, Almeida K, Fagundes AC, Gelain DP, Fracasso JI, Macêdo GBD, Priori L, Bassani N, Bishop AJR, Forcelini CM, Moreira JCF, Zanotto-Filho A. Thioredoxin reductase-1 levels are associated with NRF2 pathway activation and tumor recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:58-71. [PMID: 34673143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway characterize a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We herein evaluated the relationship between 64 oxidative stress-related genes and overall survival data from 35 lung cancer datasets. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) stood out as the most significant predictor of poor outcome. In a cohort of NSCLC patients, high TXNRD1 protein levels correlated with shorter disease-free survival and distal metastasis-free survival post-surgery, including a subset of individuals treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NSCLC tumors harboring genetic alterations in the NRF2 pathway (KEAP1, NFE2L2 and CUL3 mutations, and NFE2L2 amplification) overexpress TXNRD1, while no association with EGFR, KRAS, TP53 and PIK3CA mutations was found. In addition, nuclear accumulation of NRF2 overlapped with upregulated TXNRD1 protein in NSCLC tumors. Functional cell assays and gene dependency analysis revealed that NRF2, but not TXNRD1, has a pivotal role in KEAP1 mutant cells' survival. KEAP1 mutants overexpress TXNRD1 and are less susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of the TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin when compared to wild-type cell lines. Inhibition of NRF2 with siRNA or ML-385, and glutathione depletion with buthionine-sulfoximine, sensitized KEAP1 mutant A549 cells to auranofin. NRF2 knockdown and GSH depletion also augmented cisplatin cytotoxicity in A549 cells, whereas auranofin had no effect. In summary, these findings suggest that TXNRD1 is not a key determinant of malignant phenotypes in KEAP1 mutant cells, although this protein can be a surrogate marker of NRF2 pathway activation, predicting tumor recurrence and possibly other aggressive phenotypes associated with NRF2 hyperactivation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Delgobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Mayer Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioengenharia Tecidual, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada as Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Delazeri
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Faculdade de Medicina, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Zandoná
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Faculdade de Medicina, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Adriane Cristina Fagundes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Priori
- Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (HSVP), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicklas Bassani
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alexander James Roy Bishop
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Jin X, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Wang F, Bi G, Li M, Liang J, Sui Q, Bian Y, Hu Z, Qiao Y, Xu S. Integrated analysis of patients with KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutations in lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8673-8692. [PMID: 34617407 PMCID: PMC8633244 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the clinical features, molecular characteristics, and immune landscape of lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutations. Methods The multi‐omics data from the GDC‐TCGA LUAD project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded from the Xena browser. The estimate of the immune infiltration was implemented by using the GSVA analysis and CIBERSORT. The status of KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutation in 50 LUAD samples of our department was detected by using Sanger sequencing, following the relative expression level of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was validated by IHC and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Results The Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutations had independent prognostic value for OS and PFS in LUAD patients. The differential analysis detected 207 upregulated genes (like GSR/UGT1A6) and 447 downregulated genes (such as PIGR). GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses demonstrated that DEGs were enriched in glutamate metabolism and the immune response. The constructed ceRNA network shows the linkage of differential lncRNAs and mRNAs. Three hundred and nine somatic mutations were detected, alterations in immune infiltration DNA methylations and stemness scores were also founded between the two groups. Eight mutated LUAD patients were detected by Sanger DNA sequencing in 50 surgical patients. GSR and UGT1A6 were validated to express higher in the Mut group, whereas the expression of PIGR was restrained. Furthermore, the IHC staining conducted on paraffin‐embedded tissue emphasizes the consistency of our result. Conclusion This research implemented the comprehensive analysis of KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 somatic mutations in the LUAD patients. Compared with the wild type of LUAD patients, the Mut group shows a large difference in clinical features, RNA sequence, DNA methylation, and immune infiltrations, indicating complex mechanism oncogenesis and also reveals potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, Fujian, China
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10
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Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol Attenuates Inflammatory Responses via Inhibiting MAPK/AP-1 Induced IL-6/JAK/STAT Pathways and Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophage-like Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091430. [PMID: 34573062 PMCID: PMC8464970 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induces autoimmune disorders and chronic diseases. Several natural products activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, attenuating inflammatory responses. Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) isolated from Cordyceps militaris showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity, but those mechanisms are still unclear. This study is the first to investigate EK100 on antioxidant Nrf2 relative genes expression in LPS-stimulated macrophage-like cell lines. The results showed that EK100 reduced IL-6 (interleukin-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α production. EK100 also attenuated a mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein-1 (MAPK/AP-1) pathway and interleukin-6/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6/JAK/STAT) pathway in LPS-stimulated cells. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor CLI-095 and MAPK inhibitors can synergize the anti-inflammatory response of EK100 in LPS-stimulated cells. Moreover, EK100 activated Nrf2/HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) signaling in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, murine microglial BV2 cells, and human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. However, Nrf2 small interfering RNA (Nrf2 siRNA) reversed EK100-induced antioxidative proteins expressions. In conclusion, EK100 showed anti-inflammatory responses via activating the antioxidative Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibiting TLR4 related MAPK/AP-1 induced IL-6/JAK/STAT pathways in the LPS-stimulated cells in vitro. The results suggest EK100 acts as a novel antioxidant with multiple therapeutic targets that can potentially be developed to treat chronic inflammation-related diseases.
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11
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Sepand MR, Maghsoudi AS, Shadboorestan A, Mirnia K, Aghsami M, Raoufi M. Cigarette smoke-induced toxicity consequences of intracellular iron dysregulation and ferroptosis. Life Sci 2021; 281:119799. [PMID: 34229007 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms of cigarette smoking toxicity over the past three decades, some aspects remain obscure. Recent developments have drawn attention to some hopeful indicators that allow us to advance our awareness of cigarette-induced cell death. Ferroptosis is considered a type of governed death of cells distinguished by the iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxide deposition to fatal concentrations. Ferroptosis has been linked with pathological settings such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, heart attack, hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and renal dysfunction. This review tries to explain the causal role of ferroptosis cascade in cigarette smoke-mediated toxicity and cell death, highlighting associations on potential action mechanisms and proposing suggestions for its detoxifying and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
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12
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Xiong R, Wu Y, Wu Q, Muskhelishvili L, Davis K, Tripathi P, Chen Y, Chen T, Bryant M, Rosenfeldt H, Healy SM, Cao X. Integration of transcriptome analysis with pathophysiological endpoints to evaluate cigarette smoke toxicity in an in vitro human airway tissue model. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1739-1761. [PMID: 33660061 PMCID: PMC8113308 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a known risk factor in the pathogenesis of smoking-caused diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer. To assess the effects of CS on the function and phenotype of airway epithelial cells, we developed a novel repeated treatment protocol and comprehensively evaluated the progression of key molecular, functional, and structural abnormalities induced by CS in a human in vitro air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. Cultures were exposed to CS (diluted with 0.5 L/min, 1.0 L/min, and 4.0 L/min clean air) generated from smoking five 3R4F University of Kentucky reference cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) machine smoking regimen, every other day for 4 weeks (3 days per week, 40 min/day). By integrating the transcriptomics-based approach with the in vitro pathophysiological measurements, we demonstrated CS-mediated effects on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ciliary function, expression and secretion of mucins, and squamous cell differentiation that are highly consistent with abnormalities observed in airways of smokers. Enrichment analysis on the transcriptomic profiles of the ALI cultures revealed key molecular pathways, such as xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses that were perturbed in response to CS exposure. These responses, in turn, may trigger aberrant tissue remodeling, eventually leading to the onset of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, changes of a panel of genes known to be disturbed in smokers with COPD were successfully reproduced in the ALI cultures exposed to CS. In summary, findings from this study suggest that such an integrative approach may be a useful tool for identifying genes and adverse cellular events caused by inhaled toxicants, like CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiangen Wu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | - Kelly Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Priya Tripathi
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Hans Rosenfeldt
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Sheila M Healy
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Aldo Keto Reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Networks. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:65-82. [PMID: 33945128 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of metabolic pathways has increasingly been appreciated as a major driver of cancer in recent years. The principal cancer-associated alterations in metabolism include abnormal uptake of glucose and amino acids and the preferential use of metabolic pathways for the production of biomass and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are NADPH dependent cytosolic enzymes that can catalyze the reduction of carbonyl groups to primary and secondary alcohols using electrons from NADPH. Aldose reductase, also known as AKR1B1, catalyzes the conversion of excess glucose to sorbitol and has been studied extensively for its role in a number of diabetic pathologies. In recent years, however, high expression of the AKR1B and AKR1C family of enzymes has been strongly associated with worse outcomes in different cancer types. This review provides an overview of the catalysis-dependent and independent data emerging on the molecular mechanisms of the functions of AKRBs in different tumor models with an emphasis of the role of these enzymes in chemoresistance, inflammation, oxidative stress and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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14
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Airway Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Gone Awry: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239317. [PMID: 33297418 PMCID: PMC7731288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions. Thus, any major or chronic dysregulation of the redox balance, the air-liquid interface, or defects in epithelial proteins impairing mucociliary clearance or other defense systems may lead to airway damage. Here, we review our understanding of the key role of oxidative stress and inflammation in respiratory pathology, and extensively report current and future trends in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments focusing on the following major acute and chronic lung diseases: acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.
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15
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Lin Y, Lin Y, Chang T, Chang Y, Lim Y, Chung J, Hsieh W. Pipoxolan suppresses the inflammatory factors of NF-κB, AP-1, and STATs, but activates the antioxidative factor Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1352-1363. [PMID: 32677756 PMCID: PMC7689704 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although pipoxolan (PIPO) is a smooth muscle relaxant, its anti-inflammatory capability has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms of PIPO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we used the MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity, applied the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the inflammatory cytokines, and performed Western blotting to assess protein expression. The results showed that PIPO significantly inhibited cytokine production, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 , tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. PIPO also suppressed the pro-inflammatory mediator expression with inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, PIPO prohibited the multiple inflammatory transcription factor pathways, including inhibitor kappa B/nuclear factor of the κ light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein-1 (AP-1), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT). Besides, PIPO effectively activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 antioxidative pathway. Collectively, PIPO may attenuate the inflammatory effects via influencing the LPS/TLR4 receptor binding; suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, and STAT; and activating the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hsien Lin
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Jung Lin
- Chang Bing Show‐Chwan Memorial HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Hsuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yun‐Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yun‐Ping Lim
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Jing‐Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Tsong Hsieh
- Department of PharmacologyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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16
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The Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101008. [PMID: 33081423 PMCID: PMC7602940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in atherosclerotic lesion development which occurs physiologically during aging, but external factors like diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking accelerate it. Since cigarette smoking promotes oxidative stress and cell damage, we developed an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction using vascular cells exposed to chemicals present in cigarette smoke, to help elucidate the protective effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, such as ubiquinol and vitamin K, that play a fundamental role in vascular health. Treatment of both young and senescent Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) for 24 h with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) decreased cellular viability, induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted an inflammatory response. Moreover, the senescence marker SA-β-galactosidase was observed in both young CSE-exposed and in senescent HUVECs suggesting that CSE exposure accelerates aging in endothelial cells. Supplementation with 10 µM ubiquinol and menaquinone-7 (MK7) counteracted oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in improved viability, decreased apoptosis and reduced SA-β-galactosidase, but were ineffective against CSE-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Other K vitamins tested like menaquinone-4 (MK4) and menaquinone-1 (K1) were less protective. In conclusion, CSE exposure was able to promote a stress-induced senescent phenotype in young endothelial cells likely contributing to endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular changes encountered could be offset by ubiquinol and menaquinone-7 supplementation, the latter resulting the most bioactive K vitamin in counteracting CSE-induced damage.
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17
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Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:30-51. [PMID: 33024516 PMCID: PMC7520643 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory infections. The airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign organisms. These cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors (T2Rs) and respond by producing antimicrobials, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Coordinated regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary transport. Airway cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and proliferation. Akt also regulates proteins involved in innate immune pathways. Akt phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzymes expressed in airway epithelial cells. Activation of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral roles. Moreover, Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms, including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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18
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Zaaba NE, Yasin J, Ali BH. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1291. [PMID: 32075078 PMCID: PMC7072969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of water-pipe smoking (WPS) has been promoted by the use of flavoured tobacco. However, little is known about the impact of flavouring on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS inhalation. Here, we compared the cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanism of actions of plain (P) (unflavoured) versus apple-flavoured (AF) WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 1 month) in mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Both P- and AF-WPS inhalation induced an increase in systolic blood pressure, thrombogenicity and plasma concentration of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In heart homogenates, AF-WPS inhalation caused an increase of 8-isoprostane and a decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nevertheless, P-WPS decreased only the activity of SOD. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β were increased only in heart homogenates of mice exposed to AF-WPS. Although both P- and AF-WPS increased the concentration of troponin I in heart homogenates and induced DNA damage, the concentration of cleaved caspase 3 was only increased in mice exposed to AF-WPS. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that both P- and AF- WPS inhalation decreased the expression of SOD. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 at nuclear level in the heart was higher in both AF-WPS and P-WPS compared with control group, and the effect observed in AF-WPS group was more significant than that seen in P-WPS group. Likewise, the concentration of heme oxygenase-1 was significantly increased in both P-WPS and AF-WPS groups compared with control group, and the effect seen in AF-group was higher than that observed in P-WPS group. In conclusion, our findings showed that both P- and AF-WPS induce thrombogenicity and cardiac injury, and that this toxicity is potentiated by the presence of flavouring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.); (N.E.Z.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE;
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain, UAE;
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat 123, Al-Khod, Oman;
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Prieux R, Eeman M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Valacchi G. Mimicking cigarette smoke exposure to assess cutaneous toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104664. [PMID: 31669394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke stands among the most toxic environmental pollutants and is composed of thousands of chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Despite restrict cigarette smoking ban in indoor or some outdoor locations, the risk of non-smokers to be exposed to environmental cigarette smoke is not yet eliminated. Beside the well-known effects of cigarette smoke to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, a growing literature has shown during the last 3 decades its noxious effects also on cutaneous tissues. Being the largest organ as well as the interface between the outer environment and the body, human skin acts as a natural shield which is continuously exposed to harmful exogenous agents. Thus, a prolonged and/or repetitive exposure to significant levels of toxic smoke pollutants may have detrimental effects on the cutaneous tissue by disrupting the epidermal barrier function and by exacerbating inflammatory skin disorders (i.e. psoriasis, atopic dermatitis). With the development of very complex skin tissue models and sophisticated cigarette smoke exposure systems it has become important to better understand the toxicity pathways induced by smoke pollutants in more realistic laboratory conditions to find solutions for counteracting their effects. This review provides an update on the skin models currently available to study cigarette smoke exposure and the known pathways involved in cutaneous toxicity. In addition, the article will briefly cover the inflammatory skin pathologies potentially induced and/or exacerbated by cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Prieux
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marc Eeman
- Home & Personal Care, Dow Silicones Belgium, Seneffe, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, United States; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Burgener AV, Bantug GR, Meyer BJ, Higgins R, Ghosh A, Bignucolo O, Ma EH, Loeliger J, Unterstab G, Geigges M, Steiner R, Enamorado M, Ivanek R, Hunziker D, Schmidt A, Müller-Durovic B, Grählert J, Epple R, Dimeloe S, Lötscher J, Sauder U, Ebnöther M, Burger B, Heijnen I, Martínez-Cano S, Cantoni N, Brücker R, Kahlert CR, Sancho D, Jones RG, Navarini A, Recher M, Hess C. SDHA gain-of-function engages inflammatory mitochondrial retrograde signaling via KEAP1-Nrf2. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1311-1321. [PMID: 31527833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether screening the metabolic activity of immune cells facilitates discovery of molecular pathology remains unknown. Here we prospectively screened the extracellular acidification rate as a measure of glycolysis and the oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial respiration in B cells from patients with primary antibody deficiency. The highest oxygen consumption rate values were detected in three study participants with persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis (PPBL). Exome sequencing identified germline mutations in SDHA, which encodes succinate dehydrogenase subunit A, in all three patients with PPBL. SDHA gain-of-function led to an accumulation of fumarate in PPBL B cells, which engaged the KEAP1-Nrf2 system to drive the transcription of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. In a single patient trial, blocking the activity of the cytokine interleukin-6 in vivo prevented systemic inflammation and ameliorated clinical disease. Overall, our study has identified pathological mitochondrial retrograde signaling as a disease modifier in primary antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Valérie Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedikt J Meyer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Higgins
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bignucolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric H Ma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild Unterstab
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Epigenomics Group, D-BSSE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah Steiner
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Hunziker
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bojana Müller-Durovic
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Grählert
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raja Epple
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Sauder
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Ebnöther
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Burger
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Division Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarai Martínez-Cano
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Cantoni
- Division of Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Brücker
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Anna, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russell G Jones
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Navarini
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Sivandzade F, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Cerebrovascular and Neurological Disorders: Protective Role of NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143433. [PMID: 31336872 PMCID: PMC6678730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions are regulated by electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent works strongly considered imbalanced ROS and electrophile overabundance as the leading cause of cellular and tissue damage, whereas oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role for the onset and progression of major cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies. These include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, and aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) is the major modulator of the xenobiotic-activated receptor (XAR) and is accountable for activating the antioxidative response elements (ARE)-pathway modulating the detoxification and antioxidative responses of the cells. NRF2 activity, however, is also implicated in carcinogenesis protection, stem cells regulation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and so forth. Herein, we briefly describe the NRF2–ARE pathway and provide a review analysis of its functioning and system integration as well as its role in major CNS disorders. We also discuss NRF2-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
- Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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22
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Stevens JF, Revel JS, Maier CS. Mitochondria-Centric Review of Polyphenol Bioactivity in Cancer Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1589-1611. [PMID: 29084444 PMCID: PMC6207154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Humans are exposed daily to polyphenols in milligram-to-gram amounts through dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols are also available as components of dietary supplements for improving general health. Although polyphenols are often advertised as antioxidants to explain health benefits, experimental evidence shows that their beneficial cancer preventing and controlling properties are more likely due to stimulation of pro-oxidant and proapoptotic pathways. Recent Advances: The understanding of the biological differences between cancer and normal cell, and especially the role that mitochondria play in carcinogenesis, has greatly advanced in recent years. These advances have resulted in a wealth of new information on polyphenol bioactivity in cell culture and animal models of cancer. Polyphenols appear to target oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glycolysis, pro-oxidant pathways, and antioxidant (adaptive) stress responses with greater selectivity in tumorigenic cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of polyphenols to dissipate the MMP (Δψm) by a protonophore mechanism has been known for more than 50 years. However, researchers focus primarily on the downstream molecular effects of Δψm dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling. We argue that the physicochemical properties of polyphenols are responsible for their anticancer properties by virtue of their protonophoric and pro-oxidant properties rather than their specific effects on downstream molecular targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Polyphenol-induced dissipation of Δψm is a physicochemical process that cancer cells cannot develop resistance against by gene mutation. Therefore, polyphenols should receive more attention as agents for cotherapy with cancer drugs to gain synergistic activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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23
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Xue EX, Lin JP, Zhang Y, Sheng SR, Liu HX, Zhou YL, Xu H. Pterostilbene inhibits inflammation and ROS production in chondrocytes by activating Nrf2 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41988-42000. [PMID: 28410217 PMCID: PMC5522043 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene has been reported as a potential drug to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the effect of pterostilbene on chondrocytes and osteoarthritis remains to be elucidated. We sought to investigate whether pterostilbene could protect chondrocytes from inflammation and ROS production through factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. The pterostilbene toxicity on chondrocytes collected from cartilages of Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed by CCK-8 test. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting explored the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Nrf2 expression was silenced by siRNA to evaluate the involvement of Nrf2 in the effect of pterostilbene on chondrocytes. Finally, osteoarthritis model was established by the transection of anterior cruciate ligament and partial medial meniscectomy in rats, and then these rats received pterostilbene 30 mg/kg, daily, p.o. for 8 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess histopathological change and Nrf2 expression in cartilage. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was stimulated by pterostilbene without cellular toxicity. Pterostilbene inhibited the level of COX-2, iNOS, PGE2, and NO, as well as the mitochondrial and total intracellular ROS production induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes, partially reversed by the Nrf2 silencing. Pterostilbene prevented cartilage degeneration and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in cartilage. These results suggest that pterostilbene could inhibit the IL-1β-induced inflammation and ROS production in chondrocytes by stimulating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Xing Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Sun-Ren Sheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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24
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Forman HJ, Finch CE. A critical review of assays for hazardous components of air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:202-217. [PMID: 29407794 PMCID: PMC5845809 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased mortality and diverse morbidities are globally associated with exposure to ambient air pollution (AAP), cigarette smoke (CS), and household air pollution (HAP). The AAP-CS-HAP aerosols present heterogeneous particulate matter (PM) of diverse chemical and physical characteristics. Some epidemiological models have assumed the same health hazards by PM weight for AAP, CS, and HAP regardless of the composition. While others have recognized that biological activities and toxicity will vary with components, we focus particularly on oxidation because of its major role in assay outcomes. Our review of PM assays considers misinterpretations of some chemical measures used for oxidative activity. Overall, there is low consistency across chemical and cell-based assays for oxidative and inflammatory activity. We also note gaps in understanding how much airborne PM of various sizes enter cells and organs. For CS, the body burden per cigarette may be much below current assumptions. Synergies shown for health hazards of AAP and CS suggest crosstalk in detoxification pathways mediated by AHR, NF-κB, and Nrf2. These complex genomic and biochemical interactions frustrate resolution of the toxicity of specific AAP components. We propose further strategies based on targeted gene expression based on cell-type differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, United States.
| | - Caleb Ellicott Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Dornsife College, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Lee SM, Jiao LY, Jiang LB, Liu SH, Lee M, Wu W, Zhang J. Pterostilbene inhibits inflammation by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the rat nucleus pulposus. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x18756536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural plant extract, has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, whether PTE could protect nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in the intervertebral disk from inflammation remains unclear. Primary NPCs isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis was used to test the cytotoxicity of PTE. The effect of PTE on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammation was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a Griess test. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection were used to assess the involvement of Nrf2 in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PTE on NPCs. The results of the CCK-8 analysis showed that PTE produced no cytotoxicity in NPCs at 20 μM for 24 h. PTE suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibited the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by IL-1β. PTE could promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in NPCs. In addition, Nrf2 silence reversed the inhibitory effect of PTE on the production of NO and PGE2 and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS. These results indicate that PTE inhibits inflammation in the rat nucleus pulposus by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Min Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yan Jiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Li-Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maka Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Iskandar AR, Martinez Y, Martin F, Schlage WK, Leroy P, Sewer A, Torres LO, Majeed S, Merg C, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Frentzel S, Mathis C, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Comparative effects of a candidate modified-risk tobacco product Aerosol and cigarette smoke on human organotypic small airway cultures: a systems toxicology approach. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:930-946. [PMID: 30090554 PMCID: PMC6062162 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00152e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an in vitro human small airway epithelium model, we assessed the biological impact of an aerosol from a candidate modified-risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, to investigate the potential reduced risk of THS2.2 aerosol exposure compared with cigarette smoke. Following the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine and the Tobacco Product Assessment Consortium, in which modified-risk tobacco products assessment should be performed in comparison with standard conventional products, the effects of the THS2.2 aerosol exposure on the small airway cultures were compared with those of 3R4F cigarette smoke. We used a systems toxicology approach whereby elucidation of toxic effects is derived not only from functional assay readouts but also from omics technologies. Cytotoxicity, ciliary beating function, secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and histological assessment represented functional assays. The omics data included transcriptomic and miRNA profiles. Exposure-induced perturbations of causal biological networks were computed from the transcriptomic data. The results showed that THS2.2 aerosol exposure at the tested doses elicited lower cytotoxicity levels and lower changes in the secreted pro-inflammatory mediators than 3R4F smoke. Although THS2.2 exposure elicited alterations in the gene expression, a higher transcriptome-induced biological impact was observed following 3R4F smoke: The effects of THS2.2 aerosol exposure, if observed, were mostly transient and diminished more rapidly after exposure than those of 3R4F smoke. The study demonstrated that the systems toxicology approach can reveal changes at the cellular level that would be otherwise not detected from functional assays, thus increasing the sensitivity to detect potential toxicity of a treatment/exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita R Iskandar
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Yannick Martinez
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology consultant , Max-Baermann-Str. 21 , 51429 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Laura Ortega Torres
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D , Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies) , Quai Jeanrenaud 5 , CH-2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 (58)242 2214
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27
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Jing L, Yang M, Li Y, Yu Y, Liang B, Cao L, Zhou X, Peng S, Sun Z. Metallothionein prevents doxorubicin cardiac toxicity by indirectly regulating the uncoupling proteins 2. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:204-213. [PMID: 29061315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a broad-spectrum anticancer agent, but its clinical use is restricted due to irreversible cardiac toxicity. Metallothionein (MT) can inhibit Dox-induced cardiac toxicity. Applying a proteomics approach we determined that uncoupling proteins (UCPs) may be implicated in this process. This study was designed to examine the mechanisms of MT against Dox cardiac toxicity and the link between MT and UCP2. In vivo, wild-type (MT+/+) and MT-I/II null (MT-/-) mice were given a single dose of Dox (15 mg/kg, i.p.) and sacrificed at 4 days after Dox injection. In vitro, cardiomyocytes were prepared from MT-/- and MT+/+ neonatal mice and cardiomyocytes were pretreated with typical antioxidant NAC or the UCP2 inhibitor genipin followed by exposure to Dox. Based on the results, genipin enhanced Dox-induced oxidative injury, particularly in MT-/- cardiomyocyte. UCP2 levels in MT-/- mice were significantly lower compared to MT+/+ mice treated with Dox. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that MT did not directly bind to UCP2. The NAC and Nrf2 activator oltipraz inhibit the decrease of UCP2 expression induced by Dox. Therefore, attenuating free radical damage with UCP2 help MT antagonize the Dox-induced cardiac toxicity, but does not directly bind MT. MT may regulate UCP2 expression by up-regulating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Baolu Liang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lige Cao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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28
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Prasad S, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L. Unhealthy smokers: scopes for prophylactic intervention and clinical treatment. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:70. [PMID: 28985714 PMCID: PMC5639581 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, tobacco use causes approximately 6 million deaths per year, and predictions report that with current trends; more than 8 million deaths are expected annually by 2030. Cigarette smokings is currently accountable for more than 480,000 deaths each year in United States (US) and is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers and if smoking continues at its current proportion among adolescents, one in every 13 Americans aged 17 years or younger is expected to die prematurely from a smoking-related illness. Even though there has been a marginal smoking decline of around 5% in recent years (2005 vs 2015), smokers still account for 15% of the US adult population. What is also concerning is that 41,000 out of 480,000 deaths results from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Herein, we provide a detailed review of health complications and major pathological mechanisms including mutation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic and plasma protein changes associated with chronic smoking. Further, we discuss prophylactic interventions and associated benefits and provide a rationale for the scope of clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Considering these premises, it is evident that much detailed translational and clinical studies are needed. Factors such as the length of smoking cessation for ex-smokers, the level of smoke exposure in case of SHS, pre-established health conditions, genetics (and epigenetics modification caused by chronic smoking) are few of the criteria that need to be evaluated to begin assessing the prophylactic and/or therapeutic impact of treatments aimed at chronic and former smokers (especially early stage ex-smokers) including those frequently subjected to second hand tobacco smoke exposure. Herein, we provide a detailed review of health complications and major pathological mechanisms including mutation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic and plasma protein changes associated with chronic smoking. Further, we discuss about prophylactic interventions and associated benefits and provide a rationale and scope for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Mohammad Abul Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Zhou MX, Li GH, Sun B, Xu YW, Li AL, Li YR, Ren DM, Wang XN, Wen XS, Lou HX, Shen T. Identification of novel Nrf2 activators from Cinnamomum chartophyllum H.W. Li and their potential application of preventing oxidative insults in human lung epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2017; 14:154-163. [PMID: 28942193 PMCID: PMC5608562 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung tissue, directly exposed to the environmental oxidants and toxicants, is apt to be harmed to bring about acute or chronic oxidative insults. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) represents a central cellular defense mechanism, and is a target for developing agents against oxidative insult-induced human lung diseases. Our previous study found that the EtOH extract of Cinnamomum chartophyllum protected human bronchial epithelial cells against oxidative insults via Nrf2 activation. In this study, a systemic phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of C. chartophyllum led to the isolation of thirty chemical constituents, which were further evaluated for their Nrf2 inducing potential using NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) assay. Among these purified constituents, a sesquiterpenoid bearing α, β-unsaturated ketone group, 3S-(+)-9-oxonerolidol (NLD), and a diphenyl sharing phenolic groups, 3, 3′, 4, 4′-tetrahydroxydiphenyl (THD) significantly activated Nrf2 and its downstream genes, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), and enhanced the nuclear translocation and stabilization of Nrf2 in human lung epithelial cells. Importantly, NLD and THD had no toxicities under the Nrf2 inducing doses. THD also demonstrated a potential of interrupting Nrf2-Keap1 protein–protein interaction (PPI). Furthermore, NLD and THD protected human lung epithelial cells against sodium arsenite [As(III)]-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, we conclude that NLD and THD are two novel Nrf2 activators with potential application of preventing acute and chronic oxidative insults in human lung tissue. The chemical compositions of Cinnamomum chartophyllum are firstly identified. The active ingredients supporting the biological functions of C. chartophyllum are verified. NLD and THD are identified to be Nrf2 activators for the first time. NLD and THD protect human lung epithelial cells against As(III)-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Zhou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bin Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - You-Wei Xu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ren
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xue-Sen Wen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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Stabbert R, Dempsey R, Diekmann J, Euchenhofer C, Hagemeister T, Haussmann HJ, Knorr A, Mueller BP, Pospisil P, Reininghaus W, Roemer E, Tewes FJ, Veltel DJ. Studies on the contributions of smoke constituents, individually and in mixtures, in a range of in vitro bioactivity assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:222-246. [PMID: 28461234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture with over 8700 identified constituents. Smoking causes many diseases including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the mechanisms of how cigarette smoke impacts disease initiation or progression are not well understood and individual smoke constituents causing these effects are not generally agreed upon. The studies reported here were part of a series of investigations into the contributions of selected smoke constituents to the biological activity of cigarette smoke. In vitro cytotoxicity measured by the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay and in vitro mutagenicity determined in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay (BMA) were selected because these assays are known to produce reproducible, quantitative results for cigarette smoke under standardized exposure conditions. In order to determine the contribution of individual cigarette smoke constituents, a fingerprinting method was developed to semi-quantify the mainstream smoke yields. For cytotoxicity, 90% of gas vapor phase (GVP) cytotoxicity of the Kentucky Reference cigarette 1R4F was explained by 3 aldehydes and 40% of the 1R4F particulate phase cytotoxicity by 10 smoke constituents, e.g., hydroquinone. In the microsuspension version of the BMA, 4 aldehydes accounted for approximately 70% of the GVP mutagenicity. Finally, the benefits of performing such studies along with the difficulties in interpretation in the context of smoking are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Stabbert
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Rue des Usines 90, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Dempsey
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Rue des Usines 90, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Diekmann
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Timo Hagemeister
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Arno Knorr
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Boris P Mueller
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pavel Pospisil
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Wolf Reininghaus
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ewald Roemer
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Rue des Usines 90, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Franz J Tewes
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Detlef J Veltel
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
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Prasad S, Sajja RK, Kaisar MA, Park JH, Villalba H, Liles T, Abbruscato T, Cucullo L. Role of Nrf2 and protective effects of Metformin against tobacco smoke-induced cerebrovascular toxicity. Redox Biol 2017; 12:58-69. [PMID: 28212524 PMCID: PMC5312505 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in a causative way primarily related to the TS content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and inflammation. TS promotes glucose intolerance and increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) with which it shares other pathogenic traits including the high risk of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders like stroke via ROS generation, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. Herein we provide evidence of the role played by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in CS-induced cerebrobvascular/BBB impairments and how these cerebrovascular harmful effects can be circumvented by the use of metformin (MF; a widely prescribed, firstline anti-diabetic drug) treatment. Our data in fact revealed that MF activates counteractive mechanisms primarily associated with the Nrf2 pathway which drastically reduce CS toxicity at the cerebrovascular level. These include the suppression of tight junction (TJ) protein downregulation and loss of BBB integrity induced by CS, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, renormalization of the expression levels of the major BBB glucose transporter Glut-1 and that of the anticoagulant factor thrombomodulin. Further, we provide additional insights on the controversial interplay between Nrf2 and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Mohammad Abul Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Jee Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Taylor Liles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Giebe S, Cockcroft N, Hewitt K, Brux M, Hofmann A, Morawietz H, Brunssen C. Cigarette smoke extract counteracts atheroprotective effects of high laminar flow on endothelial function. Redox Biol 2017; 12:776-786. [PMID: 28432984 PMCID: PMC5397582 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and hemodynamic forces are key stimuli in the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. High laminar flow has an atheroprotective effect on the endothelium and leads to a reduced response of endothelial cells to cardiovascular risk factors compared to regions with disturbed or low laminar flow. We hypothesize that the atheroprotective effect of high laminar flow could delay the development of endothelial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoking. Primary human endothelial cells were stimulated with increasing dosages of aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSEaq). CSEaq reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The main mediator of cellular adaption to oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its target genes heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 (HMOX1) or NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) were strongly increased by CSEaq in a dose-dependent manner. High laminar flow induced elongation of endothelial cells in the direction of flow, activated the AKT/eNOS pathway, increased eNOS expression, phosphorylation and NO release. These increases were inhibited by CSEaq. Pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1), selectin E (SELE) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP-1) were increased by CSEaq. Low laminar flow induced VCAM1 and SELE compared to high laminar flow. High laminar flow improved endothelial wound healing. This protective effect was inhibited by CSEaq in a dose-dependent manner through the AKT/eNOS pathway. Low as well as high laminar flow decreased adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Whereas, monocyte adhesion was increased by CSEaq under low laminar flow, this was not evident under high laminar flow. This study shows the activation of major atherosclerotic key parameters by CSEaq. Within this process, high laminar flow is likely to reduce the harmful effects of CSEaq to a certain degree. The identified molecular mechanisms might be useful for development of alternative therapy concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Giebe
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Cockcroft
- Research & Development, British American Tobacco, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Hewitt
- Research & Development, British American Tobacco, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Brux
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Russo M, Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1391-1405. [PMID: 28001083 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, extensive studies have reported the potential chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin, occurring in large amounts in Brassica genus plants. Sulforaphane was found to be active against several forms of cancer. A growing body of data shows that sulforaphane acts against cancer at different levels, from development to progression, through pleiotropic effects. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical data on the potential therapeutic role of sulforaphane against cancer. Its effects range from the protection of cells from DNA damage to the modulation of the cell cycle via pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis activities. At molecular level, sulforaphane modulates cellular homeostasis via the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Although data from clinical studies are limited, sulforaphane remains a good candidate in the adjuvant therapy based on natural molecules against several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- b Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Maria Daglia
- c Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Intersecting transcriptomic profiling technologies and long non-coding RNA function in lung adenocarcinoma: discovery, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81538-81557. [PMID: 29113413 PMCID: PMC5655308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously thought of as junk transcripts and pseudogene remnants, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come into their own over the last decade as an essential component of cellular activity, regulating a plethora of functions within multicellular organisms. lncRNAs are now known to participate in development, cellular homeostasis, immunological processes, and the development of disease. With the advent of next generation sequencing technology, hundreds of thousands of lncRNAs have been identified. However, movement beyond mere discovery to the understanding of molecular processes has been stymied by the complicated genomic structure, tissue-restricted expression, and diverse regulatory roles lncRNAs play. In this review, we will focus on lncRNAs involved in lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. We will summarize their various methods of discovery, provide consensus rankings of deregulated lncRNAs in lung cancer, and describe in detail the limited functional analysis that has been undertaken so far.
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Brunssen C, Giebe S, Hofmann A, Brux M, Morawietz H. Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Oxidative, and Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Aqueous Cigarette Smoke Extract on Human Monocytes: A Potential Model System for Assessment of Next-Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sindy Giebe
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Héliot A, Landkocz Y, Roy Saint-Georges F, Gosset P, Billet S, Shirali P, Courcot D, Martin PJ. Smoker extracellular vesicles influence status of human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:445-454. [PMID: 28063900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a habit that has spread all over the world and is a significant risk factor for many diseases including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. Evaluation and understanding of tobacco health effects are of major interest worldwide and answer to important societal concerns. Identification of new biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke potentially implicated in COPD or lung carcinogenesis would allow a better observation of tobacco exposed population, thanks to screening establishment at reversible stages of pathological processes. In this study, we questioned whether cigarette smoking alters miRNA profiles of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) present in human Broncho Alveolar Lavages (BALs), which could affect surrounding normal bronchial epithelial cells status. To this aim, BALs were carried out on 10 Smokers and 10 Non-Smokers, and EVs were isolated from the supernatants and characterized. We then compared the amount of 10 microRNAs (miRNAs) present in Smokers versus Non-Smokers BAL EVs and performed statistical analysis to discuss the biological significance by the smoking status and to evaluate BAL EV miRNAs as potential biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Finally, we tested the effects of smokers versus non-smokers EVs on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to compare their influence on the cells status. Our study shows for the first time in human samples that smoking can alter lung EV profile that can influence surrounding bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Héliot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Yann Landkocz
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | | | - Pierre Gosset
- Anatomo-pathology service, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
| | - Perrine J Martin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
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Weng DY, Chen J, Taslim C, Hsu PC, Marian C, David SP, Loffredo CA, Shields PG. Persistent alterations of gene expression profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from smokers. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1424-37. [PMID: 26294040 PMCID: PMC4860148 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The number of validated biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure is limited, and none exist for tobacco-related cancer. Additional biomarkers for smoke, effects on cellular systems in vivo are needed to improve early detection of lung cancer, and to assist the Food and Drug Administration in regulating exposures to tobacco products. We assessed the effects of smoking on the gene expression using human cell cultures and blood from a cross-sectional study. We profiled global transcriptional changes in cultured smokers' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in vitro (n = 7) and from well-characterized smokers' blood (n = 36). ANOVA with adjustment for covariates and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis in this study. CSC in vitro altered the expression of 1 178 genes (177 genes with > 1.5-fold-change) at P < 0.05. In vivo, PBMCs of heavy and light smokers differed for 614 genes (29 with > 1.5-fold-change) at P < 0.05 (309 remaining significant after adjustment for age, race, and gender). Forty-one genes were persistently altered both in vitro and in vivo, 22 having the same expression pattern reported for non-small cell lung cancer. Our data provides evidence that persistent alterations of gene expression in vitro and in vivo may relate to carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke, and the identified genes may serve as potential biomarkers for cancer. The use of an in vitro model to corroborate results from human studies provides a novel way to understand human exposure and effect. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Weng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cenny Taslim
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Catalin Marian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sean P David
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Teasdale JE, Newby AC, Timpson NJ, Munafò MR, White SJ. Cigarette smoke but not electronic cigarette aerosol activates a stress response in human coronary artery endothelial cells in culture. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163:256-60. [PMID: 27137404 PMCID: PMC4907307 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally acknowledged that e-cigarettes are unlikely to be as harmful as conventional cigarettes, but there is little data that quantifies their relative harms. We investigated the biological response to e-cigarette aerosol exposure (versus conventional cigarette smoke exposure) at the cellular level, by exposing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) to aqueous filtered extracts of e-cigarette aerosol or cigarette smoke and looking at gene expression changes consistent with a stress response. This included genes controlled by the oxidant-stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 (NFE2L2), and cytochrome P450 family members. METHODS Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was created using mainstream smoke from a single cigarette drawn through 10ml of endothelial cell growth media MV2. Electronic cigarette aerosol extract (eCAE) was created using the same apparatus, using a constant power output of 10.8w (4.2V) and 18mg/ml nicotine solution. eCAE was generated using 5 cycles of 5s heat with at least 10s in between each puff to allow the coil to cool, air being drawn through the device at 70ml/minute. RESULTS HCAEC responded to the noxious components in CSE, resulting in activation of NRF2 and upregulation of cytochrome p450. However, eCAE did not induce NRF2 nuclear localisation, upregulation of NRF2-activated genes, or the upregulation of cytochrome p450. CONCLUSIONS The use of e-cigarettes as a substitute for conventional cigarettes is likely to reduce immediate tobacco-related harm, at least with respect to cardiovascular harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E Teasdale
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Stephen J White
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Elango B, Dornadula S, Paulmurugan R, Ramkumar KM. Pterostilbene Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes through Enhancing Antioxidant Signaling Pathways Mediated by Nrf2. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:47-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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Gonzalez-Suarez I, Martin F, Marescotti D, Guedj E, Acali S, Johne S, Dulize R, Baumer K, Peric D, Goedertier D, Frentzel S, Ivanov NV, Mathis C, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. In Vitro Systems Toxicology Assessment of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product Shows Reduced Toxicity Compared to That of a Conventional Cigarette. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 29:3-18. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gonzalez-Suarez
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Marescotti
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Acali
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Johne
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karine Baumer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Goedertier
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Kogel U, Gonzalez Suarez I, Xiang Y, Dossin E, Guy PA, Mathis C, Marescotti D, Goedertier D, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Biological impact of cigarette smoke compared to an aerosol produced from a prototypic modified risk tobacco product on normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2102-15. [PMID: 26277032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes serious and fatal diseases. The best way for smokers to avoid health risks is to quit smoking. Using modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) may be an alternative to reduce the harm caused for those who are unwilling to quit smoking, but little is known about the toxic effects of MRTPs, nor were the molecular mechanisms of toxicity investigated in detail. The toxicity of an MRTP and the potential molecular mechanisms involved were investigated in high-content screening tests and whole genome transcriptomics analyses using human bronchial epithelial cells. The prototypic (p)MRTP that was tested had less impact than reference cigarette 3R4F on the cellular oxidative stress response and cell death pathways. Higher pMRTP aerosol extract concentrations had impact on pathways associated with the detoxification of xenobiotics and the reduction of oxidative damage. A pMRTP aerosol concentration up to 18 times higher than the 3R4F caused similar perturbation effects in biological networks and led to the perturbation of networks related to cell stress, and proliferation biology. These results may further facilitate the development of a systems toxicology-based impact assessment for use in future risk assessments in line with the 21st century toxicology paradigm, as shown here for an MRTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kogel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - I Gonzalez Suarez
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Y Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - E Dossin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - P A Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - C Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - D Marescotti
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - D Goedertier
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - F Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - M C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - J Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Naik P, Cucullo L. Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:25. [PMID: 26520792 PMCID: PMC4628383 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In addition to a host of well characterized diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers and cardiovascular complications, epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic smokers are at equal risk to develop neurological and neurovascular complications such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, vascular dementia and small vessel ischemic disease (SVID). Unfortunately, few direct neurotoxicology studies of tobacco smoking and its pathogenic pathways have been produced so far. A major link between TS and CNS disorders is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of the toxicological impact of TS on BBB physiology and function and major compensatory mechanisms such as nrf2- ARE signaling and anti-inflammatory pathways activated by TS. In the same context, we discuss the controversial role of antioxidant supplementation as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic approach in delaying or decreasing the disease complications in smokers. Further, we cover a number of toxicological studies associated with "reduced exposure" cigarette products including electronic cigarettes. Finally, we provide insights on possible avenues for future research including mechanistic studies using direct inhalation rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are structurally and biochemically diverse, even within a single type of cell. Protein complexes localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane synthesize ATP by coupling electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The organelles produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrial oxygen and ROS can, in turn, alter the function and expression of proteins used for aerobic respiration by post-translational and transcriptional regulation. RECENT ADVANCES New interest is emerging not only into the roles of mitochondria in disease development and progression but also as a target for environmental toxicants. CRITICAL ISSUES Dysregulation of respiration has been linked to cell death and is a major contributor to acute neuronal trauma, peripheral diseases, as well as chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes to redox modulation, as well as examine the effects of environmental contaminants that have well-characterized mitochondrial toxicity. The contaminants discussed in this review are some of the most prevalent and potent environmental contaminants that have been linked to neurological dysfunction, altered cellular respiration, and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
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44
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Molecular effects of cancer-associated somatic mutations on the structural and target recognition properties of Keap1. Biochem J 2015; 467:141-51. [PMID: 25582950 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) plays an important regulatory role in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent oxidative stress response pathway. It functions as a repressor of Nrf2, a key transcription factor that initiates the expression of cytoprotective enzymes during oxidative stress to protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Recent studies show that mutations of Keap1 can lead to aberrant activation of the antioxidant pathway, which is associated with different types of cancers. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the links between Keap1 mutations and cancer pathogenesis, we have investigated the molecular effects of a series of mutations (G333C, G350S, G364C, G379D, R413L, R415G, A427V, G430C and G476R) on the structural and target recognition properties of Keap1 by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Depending on their locations in the protein, these mutations are found to exert differential effects on the protein stability and target binding. Together with the proposed hinge-and-latch mechanism of Nrf2-Keap1 binding in the literature, our results provide important insight into the molecular affect of different somatic mutations on Keap1's function as an Nrf2 repressor.
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45
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Tomasovic A, Kurrle N, Sürün D, Heidler J, Husnjak K, Poser I, Schnütgen F, Scheibe S, Seimetz M, Jaksch P, Hyman A, Weissmann N, von Melchner H. Sestrin 2 protein regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) expression by modulating proteasomal and Nrf2 transcription factor functions. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9738-52. [PMID: 25716320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) as a suppressor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) signaling and Pdgfrβ signaling as an inducer of lung regeneration and injury repair. Here, we identified Sesn2 and the antioxidant gene inducer nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as positive regulators of proteasomal function. Inactivation of Sesn2 or Nrf2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated proteasomal inhibition and Pdgfrβ accumulation. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Sesn2 at nearly endogenous levels, we also showed that Sesn2 physically interacts with 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and Nrf2 albeit under different reductive conditions. Overall, we characterized a novel, redox-sensitive Sesn2/Pdgfrβ suppressor pathway that negatively interferes with lung regeneration and is up-regulated in the emphysematous lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomasovic
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Duran Sürün
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Koraljka Husnjak
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anthony Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Harald von Melchner
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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46
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Yi YW, Oh S. Comparative analysis of NRF2-responsive gene expression in AcPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. Genes Genomics 2014; 37:97-109. [PMID: 25540678 PMCID: PMC4269820 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NRF2 is a nuclear transcription factor activated in response to oxidative stress and related with metabolizing of xenotoxic materials and ABC transporter mediated drug resistance. We studied the expression of mRNAs under the siRNA-mediated knockdown of NRF2 and tBHQ-treated condition in AsPC-1 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line to understand the AsPC-1 specific role(s) of NRF2 and further to investigate the relationship between drug resistance and metastatic plasticity and mobility of AsPc1. Here we show that the genes of aldo–keto reductases, cytochrome P450 family, aldehyde dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, ABC transporter and epoxide hydrolase responsible for drug metabolism or oxidative stress concisely responded to NRF2 stabilization and knockdown of NRF2. In addition the expression of PIR, a candidate of oncogene and KISS1, a suppressor of metastasis were affected by NRF2 stabilization and knockdown. Our result provide comprehensive understanding of NRF2 target genes of drug response, oxidative stress response and metastasis in AsPc-1 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Oh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
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Hybertson BM, Gao B. Role of the Nrf2 signaling system in health and disease. Clin Genet 2014; 86:447-52. [PMID: 25099075 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A key component of cytoprotective gene regulation is the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), also known as nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2, from the gene NFE2L2. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 in the cell is targeted for proteasomal degradation by its inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated inhibitor 1 (Keap1). When stimulated by oxidative stress, electrophiles, or kinase activation, conformational changes in the Nrf2-Keap1 complex inhibit proteasomal degradation of Nrf2, facilitating an increase in the amount of Nrf2 that binds to antioxidant response element sequences in the promoter regions of a variety of antioxidant, detoxification, and metabolic control genes. Nrf2 activation is mostly associated with beneficial cytoprotective gene regulation, but it can also have deleterious effects. For example, gene mutations in some types of cancers can lead to constitutive activation of Nrf2 and give the tumor cells growth advantages and increased drug resistance. Because cases exist where Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling is either too low or too high, there is great interest in the development of both Nrf2 activators and Nrf2 inhibitors as the basis of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hybertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Duong HQ, Yi YW, Kang HJ, Hong YB, Tang W, Wang A, Seong YS, Bae I. Inhibition of NRF2 by PIK-75 augments sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:959-69. [PMID: 24366069 PMCID: PMC3928470 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the potential benefit of PIK-75 in combination of gemcitabine to treat pancreatic cancer in a preclinical mouse model. The effect of PIK-75 on the level and activity of NRF2 was characterized using various assays including reporter gene, quantitative PCR, DNA-binding and western blot analyses. Additionally, the combinatorial effect of PIK-75 and gemcitabine was evaluated in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and a xenograft model. PIK-75 reduced NRF2 protein levels and activity to regulate its target gene expression through proteasome-mediated degradation of NRF2 in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. PIK-75 also reduced the gemcitabine-induced NRF2 levels and the expression of its downstream target MRP5. Co-treatment of PIK-75 augmented the antitumor effect of gemcitabine both in vitro and in vivo. Our present study provides a strong mechanistic rationale to evaluate NRF2 targeting agents in combination with gemcitabine to treat pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Quan Duong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wenxi Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU (World Class University) Research Center of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Bae
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Martinez VD, Vucic EA, Pikor LA, Thu KL, Hubaux R, Lam WL. Frequent concerted genetic mechanisms disrupt multiple components of the NRF2 inhibitor KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3-ubiquitin ligase complex in thyroid cancer. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:124. [PMID: 24138990 PMCID: PMC4016213 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species contribute to normal thyroid function. The NRF2 oxidative response pathway is frequently and constitutively activated in multiple tumor types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Genetic mechanisms underlying NRF2 pathway activation in PTC are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to determine whether inactivating patterns of DNA-level alterations affect genes encoding for individual NRF2 inhibitor complex components (CUL3/KEAP1/RBX1) occur in PTC. Findings Combined patterns of epi/genetic alterations for KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex components were simultaneously interrogated for a panel of 310 PTC cases and 40 adjacent non-malignant tissues. Data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Enrichment of NRF2 pathway activation was assessed by gene-set enrichment analysis using transcriptome data. Our analyses revealed that PTC sustain a strikingly high frequency (80.6%) of disruption to multiple component genes of the NRF2 inhibitor complex. Hypermethylation is the predominant inactivating mechanism primarily affecting KEAP1 (70.6%) and CUL3 (20%), while copy number loss mostly affects RBX1 (16.8%). Concordantly, NRF2-associated gene expression signatures are positively and significantly enriched in PTC. Conclusions The KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3-ubiquitin ligase complex is almost ubiquitously affected by multiple DNA-level mechanisms and downstream NRF2 pathway targets are activated in PTC. Given the importance of this pathway to normal thyroid function as well as to cancer; targeted inhibition of NRF2 regulators may impact strategies for therapeutic intervention involving this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Martinez
- BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada.
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50
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Liang GY, Lu SX, Xu G, Liu XD, Li J, Zhang DS. Expression of metallothionein and Nrf2 pathway genes in lung cancer and cancer-surrounding tissues. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:199. [PMID: 23947958 PMCID: PMC3765715 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (Nrf)2 and metallothionein have been implicated in carcinogenesis. This study investigated the expression of Nrf2 and of Nrf2-targeted genes (NQO1 and GCLC) and the genes for the metallothionein (MT) isoforms (MT-1A and MT-2A) in human lung cancer and cancer-surrounding tissues. Methods Surgically removed lung cancer samples (n = 80) and cancer-surrounding tissues (n = 38) were collected from Zunyi Medical College Hospital, China. Total RNA was extracted, purified, and used for real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of interested genes. Results Expression of the Nrf2-targed genes NQO1 and GCLC tended to be higher (30 to 60%) in lung cancers, but was not significantly different from that in peri-cancer tissues. By contrast, expression of the genes for M)-1A, MT-2A, and the metal transcription factor MTF-1 were three-fold to four-fold lower in lung cancers. Conclusion In surgical samples of lung cancer, MT expression was generally downregulated, whereas Nrf2 expression tended to be upregulated. These changes could play an integral role in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-You Liang
- Affliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
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