1
|
Brinkmann S, Semmler S, Kersten C, Patras MA, Kurz M, Fuchs N, Hammerschmidt SJ, Legac J, Hammann PE, Vilcinskas A, Rosenthal PJ, Schirmeister T, Bauer A, Schäberle TF. Identification, Characterization, and Synthesis of Natural Parasitic Cysteine Protease Inhibitors: Pentacitidins Are More Potent Falcitidin Analogues. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:576-589. [PMID: 35262340 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as malaria and human African trypanosomiasis. Falcitidin was the first member of a new class of inhibitors of falcipain-2, a cysteine protease of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Using a metabolomics dataset of 25 Chitinophaga strains for molecular networking enabled identification of over 30 natural analogues of falcitidin. Based on MS/MS spectra, they vary in their amino acid chain length, sequence, acyl residue, and C-terminal functionalization; therefore, they were grouped into the four falcitidin peptide families A-D. The isolation, characterization, and absolute structure elucidation of two falcitidin-related pentapeptide aldehyde analogues by extensive MS/MS spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy in combination with advanced Marfey's analysis was in agreement with the in silico analysis of the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster. Total synthesis of chosen pentapeptide analogues followed by in vitro testing against a panel of proteases revealed selective parasitic cysteine protease inhibition and, additionally, low-micromolar inhibition of α-chymotrypsin. The pentapeptides investigated here showed superior inhibitory activity compared to falcitidin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Brinkmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sandra Semmler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Christian Kersten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Maria A. Patras
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Michael Kurz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
| | - Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Stefan J. Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | | | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee SH, Kawase J, Hiroshima Y, Oe T. Screening of Chemical Modifications in Human Skin Keratins by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis via Noninvasive Sampling and On-Tape Digestion. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3837-3845. [PMID: 32786680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously exposed to diverse chemical stresses, and the resulting chemical modifications can provide significant information on biological events. Keratins are the main constituent of human skin and are the major target proteins of various chemical modifications. We have previously developed a mass spectrometry-based noninvasive proteomic methodology to screen oxidative modifications in human skin keratins. We have improved this methodology in terms of sample preparation time and amino acid sequence coverage using an on-tape digestion method. After sampling by tape stripping, skin proteins on the tape were subjected to reduction/alkylation, followed by trypsin digestion without a presolubilization step using detergents. To screen chemical modifications in keratins, target modifications and tryptic target peptides carrying the modification sites were determined from in vitro experiments with major reactive chemical species (4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal, glucose, methylglyoxal, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide). The developed method was used to screen target modifications in controls and patients with a swollen red rash. Basal levels of lipid-derived modification, oxidation, nitration, and glycation in keratins were detected in controls. Principal component analysis based on the relative chemical modification resulted in a clear classification of both groups within a 95% confidence interval. Lipid-derived HNE modification increased most significantly in the patient group. This methodology can be easily applied to patients with other diseases, and the target modifications can be used as biomarkers of certain physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jiei Kawase
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiroshima
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen P, Zhang Y, Xu M, Chen H, Zou H, Zhang X, Tong H, You C, Wu M. Proteomic landscape of liver tissue in old male mice that are long-term treated with polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme. Food Funct 2020; 11:3632-3644. [PMID: 32292988 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme is a type of brown algae and well known as a longevity promoting vegetable in Northeastern Asia. The polysaccharides derived from Sargassum fusiforme (SFPs) have been suggested as an antioxidant component for anti-aging function. However, global molecular changes in vivo by SFPs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we present a proteomics study using liver tissues of aged male mice that were fed with SFPs. Of forty-nine protein spots, thirty-eight were up-regulated and eleven were down-regulated, showing significant changes in abundance by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in oxidation-reduction, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. Forty-six proteins were integrated into a unified network, with catalase (Cat) at the center. Intriguingly, most of the proteins were speculated as mitochondrial-located proteins. Our findings suggested that SFPs modulated antioxidant enzymes to scavenge redundant free radicals, thus preventing oxidative damage. In conclusion, our study provides a proteomic view on how SFPs have beneficial effects on the aspects of antioxidant and energy metabolism during the aging process. This study facilitates the understanding of anti-aging molecular mechanisms in polysaccharides derived from Sargassum fusiforme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. and Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Man Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongjun Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Huixi Zou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Cuiping You
- Department of Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ueta CB, Campos JC, Albuquerque RPE, Lima VM, Disatnik MH, Sanchez AB, Chen CH, de Medeiros MHG, Yang W, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Cardioprotection induced by a brief exposure to acetaldehyde: role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1006-1015. [PMID: 29579152 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We previously demonstrated that acute ethanol administration protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury thorough activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here, we characterized the role of acetaldehyde, an intermediate product from ethanol metabolism, and its metabolizing enzyme, ALDH2, in an ex vivo model of cardiac I/R injury. Methods and results We used a combination of homozygous knock-in mice (ALDH2*2), carrying the human inactivating point mutation ALDH2 (E487K), and a direct activator of ALDH2, Alda-1, to investigate the cardiac effect of acetaldehyde. The ALDH2*2 mice have impaired acetaldehyde clearance, recapitulating the human phenotype. Yet, we found a similar infarct size in wild type (WT) and ALDH2*2 mice. Similar to ethanol-induced preconditioning, pre-treatment with 50 μM acetaldehyde increased ALDH2 activity and reduced cardiac injury in hearts of WT mice without affecting cardiac acetaldehyde levels. However, acetaldehyde pre-treatment of hearts of ALDH2*2 mice resulted in a three-fold increase in cardiac acetaldehyde levels and exacerbated I/R injury. Therefore, exogenous acetaldehyde appears to have a bimodal effect in I/R, depending on the ALDH2 genotype. Further supporting an ALDH2 role in cardiac preconditioning, pharmacological ALDH2 inhibition abolished ethanol-induced cardioprotection in hearts of WT mice, whereas a selective activator, Alda-1, protected ALDH2*2 against ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity. Finally, either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH2 mitigated ischaemic preconditioning. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that low levels of acetaldehyde are cardioprotective whereas high levels are damaging in an ex vivo model of I/R injury and that ALDH2 is a major, but not the only, regulator of cardiac acetaldehyde levels and protection from I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Bagne Ueta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cruz Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Morais Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wilson MP, Plecko B, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Disorders affecting vitamin B 6 metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:629-646. [PMID: 30671974 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is present in our diet in many forms, however, only pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) can function as a cofactor for enzymes. The intestine absorbs nonphosphorylated B6 vitamers, which are converted by specific enzymes to the active PLP form. The role of PLP is enabled by its reactive aldehyde group. Pathways reliant on PLP include amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism, folate and 1-carbon metabolism, protein and polyamine synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and erythropoiesis. Besides the role of PLP as a cofactor B6 vitamers also play other cellular roles, for example, as antioxidants, modifying expression and action of steroid hormone receptors, affecting immune function, as chaperones and as an antagonist of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) at P2 purinoceptors. Because of the vital role of PLP in neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly synthesis of the inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, it is not surprising that various inborn errors leading to PLP deficiency manifest as B6 -responsive epilepsy, usually of early onset. This includes pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase deficiency (a disorder affecting PLP synthesis and recycling), disorders affecting PLP import into the brain (hypophosphatasia and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis defects), a disorder of an intracellular PLP-binding protein (PLPBP, previously named PROSC) and disorders where metabolites accumulate that inactivate PLP, for example, ALDH7A1 deficiency and hyperprolinaemia type II. Patients with these disorders can show rapid control of seizures in response to either pyridoxine and/or PLP with a lifelong dependency on supraphysiological vitamin B6 supply. The clinical and biochemical features of disorders leading to B6 -responsive seizures and the treatment of these disorders are described in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Wilson
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, University Childrens' Hospital Graz, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He M, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Ye S, Ma J, Fang X, Xu W. Rapid characterization of structure-dependency gas-phase ion/ion reaction via accumulative tandem MS. Talanta 2018; 195:17-22. [PMID: 30625528 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To enable the rapid detection of biomolecule reactivity and reaction sites, we developed a method based on gas-phase ion/ion reaction and accumulative tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Structure-dependency reactions in gas-phase were performed between biomolecule ions and their reaction partner ions with opposite polarities in a quadrupole ion trap. Gas-phase peptide bioconjugation with pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) was chosen as a proof-of-principle example. It is found that the Coulomb attraction force holds reaction partners close together, which increasing the reaction probability. Post reaction, reaction sites were identified by the consequent accumulative tandem MS method, in which informative product ions in low abundance were enriched by more than 100 times in another quadrupole ion trap. With enough product ions, tandem MS was performed, and reaction sites could be identified unambiguously. Since those reactions are normally biomolecular structure dependent, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also carried out to understand the reaction mechanism. The method allows for rapid characterization of structure dependent reactivity of a biomolecule, and opens a new avenue for drug development and biomolecule structure analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyi He
- College of Information Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - You Jiang
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sijian Ye
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jiabi Ma
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing 100013, PR China.
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tatsuno F, Lee SH, Oe T. Imidazole dipeptides can quench toxic 4-oxo-2(E
)-nonenal: Molecular mechanism and mass spectrometric characterization of the reaction products. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3097. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Tatsuno
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schöneich C. Sulfur Radical-Induced Redox Modifications in Proteins: Analysis and Mechanistic Aspects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:388-405. [PMID: 27288212 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are prominent protein targets of redox modification during conditions of oxidative stress. Here, two-electron pathways have received widespread attention, in part due to their role in signaling processes. However, Cys and Met are equally prone to one-electron pathways, generating intermediary radicals and/or radial ions. These radicals/radical ions can generate various reaction products that are not commonly monitored in redox proteomic studies, but they may be relevant for the fate of proteins during oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Time-resolved kinetic studies and product analysis have expanded our mechanistic understanding of radical reaction pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids. These reactions are now studied in some detail for Met and Cys in proteins, and homocysteine (Hcy) chemically linked to proteins, and the role of protein radical reactions in physiological processes is evolving. CRITICAL ISSUES Radical-derived products from Cys, Hcy, and Met can react with additional amino acids in proteins, leading to secondary protein modifications, which are potentially remote from initial points of radical attack. These products may contain intra- and intermolecular cross-links, which may lead to protein aggregation. Protein sequence and conformation will have a significant impact on the formation of such products, and a thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms and specifically how protein structure influences reaction pathways will be critical for identification and characterization of novel reaction products. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies must evaluate the biological significance of novel reaction products that are derived from radical reactions of sulfur-containing amino acids. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 388-405.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
ISHII C, MIYAMOTO T, ISHIGO S, MIYOSHI Y, MITA M, HOMMA H, UEDA T, HAMASE K. Two-Dimensional HPLC-MS/MS Determination of Multiple D-Amino Acid Residues in the Proteins Stored Under Various pH Conditions. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu ISHII
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Shoto ISHIGO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
- Shiseido Co., Ltd
| | - Yurika MIYOSHI
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
- Shiseido Co., Ltd
| | | | - Hiroshi HOMMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Tadashi UEDA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Darin N, Reid E, Prunetti L, Samuelsson L, Husain RA, Wilson M, El Yacoubi B, Footitt E, Chong WK, Wilson LC, Prunty H, Pope S, Heales S, Lascelles K, Champion M, Wassmer E, Veggiotti P, de Crécy-Lagard V, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Mutations in PROSC Disrupt Cellular Pyridoxal Phosphate Homeostasis and Cause Vitamin-B 6-Dependent Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1325-1337. [PMID: 27912044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, functions as a cofactor in humans for more than 140 enzymes, many of which are involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation. A deficiency of PLP can present, therefore, as seizures and other symptoms that are treatable with PLP and/or pyridoxine. Deficiency of PLP in the brain can be caused by inborn errors affecting B6 vitamer metabolism or by inactivation of PLP, which can occur when compounds accumulate as a result of inborn errors of other pathways or when small molecules are ingested. Whole-exome sequencing of two children from a consanguineous family with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in proline synthetase co-transcribed homolog (bacterial), PROSC, which encodes a PLP-binding protein of hitherto unknown function. Subsequent sequencing of 29 unrelated indivduals with pyridoxine-responsive epilepsy identified four additional children with biallelic PROSC mutations. Pre-treatment cerebrospinal fluid samples showed low PLP concentrations and evidence of reduced activity of PLP-dependent enzymes. However, cultured fibroblasts showed excessive PLP accumulation. An E.coli mutant lacking the PROSC homolog (ΔYggS) is pyridoxine sensitive; complementation with human PROSC restored growth whereas hPROSC encoding p.Leu175Pro, p.Arg241Gln, and p.Ser78Ter did not. PLP, a highly reactive aldehyde, poses a problem for cells, which is how to supply enough PLP for apoenzymes while maintaining free PLP concentrations low enough to avoid unwanted reactions with other important cellular nucleophiles. Although the mechanism involved is not fully understood, our studies suggest that PROSC is involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of PLP, supplying this cofactor to apoenzymes while minimizing any toxic side reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41685 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Reid
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Laurence Prunetti
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lena Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf A Husain
- Centre for Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Basma El Yacoubi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Footitt
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - W K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Louise C Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Helen Prunty
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Heales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karine Lascelles
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mike Champion
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Brain and Behaviour Department, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova, 65 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An LC/ESI-SRM/MS method to screen chemically modified hemoglobin: simultaneous analysis for oxidized, nitrated, lipidated, and glycated sites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5379-92. [PMID: 27236314 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously exposed to various reactive chemical species (reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, endogenous/exogenous aldehydes/epoxides, etc.) due to physiological and chemical stresses, resulting in various chemical modifications such as oxidation, nitration, glycation/glycoxidation, lipidation/lipoxidation, and adduct formation with drugs/chemicals. Abundant proteins with a long half-life, such as hemoglobin (Hb, t 1/2 63 days, ∼150 mg/mL), are believed to be major targets of reactive chemical species that reflect biological events. Chemical modifications on Hb have been investigated mainly by mechanistic in vitro experiments or in vivo/clinical experiments focused on single target modifications. Here, we describe an optimized LC/ESI-SRM/MS method to screen oxidized, nitrated, lipidated, and glycated sites on Hb. In vivo preliminary results suggest that this method can detect simultaneously the presence of oxidation (+16 Da) of α-Met(32), α-Met(76), β-Met(55), and β-Trp(15) and adducts of malondialdehyde (+54 Da) and glycation (+162 Da) of β-Val(1) in a blood sample from a healthy volunteer. Graphical Abstract Screening chemical modifications on hemoglobin.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee SH, Oe T. Oxidative stress-mediated N-terminal protein modifications and MS-based approaches for N-terminal proteomics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Lee SH, Kyung H, Yokota R, Goto T, Oe T. Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Novel Modification of Peptides: N-Terminal Cyclization through the Formation of α-Ketoamide. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 28:59-70. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500332y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-analytical
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hyunsook Kyung
- Department of Bio-analytical
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Yokota
- Department of Bio-analytical
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takaaki Goto
- Department of Bio-analytical
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-analytical
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee SH, Kyung H, Yokota R, Goto T, Oe T. N-terminal α-ketoamide peptides: formation and transamination. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:637-48. [PMID: 24568234 DOI: 10.1021/tx400469x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that N-terminal α-ketoamide peptides can be formed through 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal (ONE)-derived oxidative decarboxylation of aspartic acid (Asp), which converts angiotensin (Ang) II (DRVYIHPF) to pyruvamide-Ang II (Ang P, CH3COCONH-RVYIHPF). The pyruvamide group significantly inhibits Ang P binding to the Ang II type 1 receptor, which mediates the major biological effects of Ang II. In the present study, we found that ONE can also introduce an α-ketoamide moiety at the N-terminus of peptides containing N-terminal residues other than Asp. Subsequent investigation of alternative biosynthetic pathways for N-terminal α-ketoamide peptides revealed that hydroxyl radical-mediated formation is a much more efficient route. The proposed mechanism involves initial abstraction of the N-terminal α-hydrogen and hydrolysis of the ketimine intermediate. The resulting N-terminal α-ketoamide is then converted to the D- and L-amino acids by nonenzymatic transamination in the presence of pyridoxamine (PM). The formation of the epimeric N-terminus depended on the incubation time and the concentration of PM, and increased further upon the addition of Cu(II) ions. A conversion of approximately 60% after three days of incubation was observed for Ang P. We propose that the reaction intermediate contains a prochiral α-carbon and is stabilized by the chelate effect of Cu(II) ions. The ONE- and hydroxyl radical-derived formation of N-terminal α-ketoamide and its transamination in the presence of PM were also observed in amyloid β 1-11 (DAEFRHDSGYE), where the N-terminal Asp was converted to epimeric alanine. This suggests that these N-terminal modifications could occur in vivo and modulate the biological functions of peptides and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|