1
|
Andrés CMC, de la Lastra JMP, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. Chemical Insights into Oxidative and Nitrative Modifications of DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15240. [PMID: 37894920 PMCID: PMC10607741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on DNA damage caused by a variety of oxidizing, alkylating, and nitrating species, and it may play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, cancer, and degenerative diseases. Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors in carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells, and result in the formation of oxidative and nitrative DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Cellular DNA is continuously exposed to a very high level of genotoxic stress caused by physical, chemical, and biological agents, with an estimated 10,000 modifications occurring every hour in the genetic material of each of our cells. This review highlights recent developments in the chemical biology and toxicology of 2'-deoxyribose oxidation products in DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. AstrofísicoFco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salas A, Cabrera JJ, Jiménez-Leiva A, Mesa S, Bedmar EJ, Richardson DJ, Gates AJ, Delgado MJ. Bacterial nitric oxide metabolism: Recent insights in rhizobia. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:259-315. [PMID: 34147187 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gaseous molecule that has several functions in biological systems depending on its concentration. At low concentrations, NO acts as a signaling molecule, while at high concentrations, it becomes very toxic due to its ability to react with multiple cellular targets. Soil bacteria, commonly known as rhizobia, have the capacity to establish a N2-fixing symbiosis with legumes inducing the formation of nodules in their roots. Several reports have shown NO production in the nodules where this gas acts either as a signaling molecule which regulates gene expression, or as a potent inhibitor of nitrogenase and other plant and bacteria enzymes. A better understanding of the sinks and sources of NO in rhizobia is essential to protect symbiotic nitrogen fixation from nitrosative stress. In nodules, both the plant and the microsymbiont contribute to the production of NO. From the bacterial perspective, the main source of NO reported in rhizobia is the denitrification pathway that varies significantly depending on the species. In addition to denitrification, nitrate assimilation is emerging as a new source of NO in rhizobia. To control NO accumulation in the nodules, in addition to plant haemoglobins, bacteroids also contribute to NO detoxification through the expression of a NorBC-type nitric oxide reductase as well as rhizobial haemoglobins. In the present review, updated knowledge about the NO metabolism in legume-associated endosymbiotic bacteria is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salas
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J Cabrera
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Leiva
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Socorro Mesa
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Eulogio J Bedmar
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - David J Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Gates
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - María J Delgado
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dang DX, Li YJ, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scutellaria baicalensis extract as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, blood hematology, and antioxidative indicators in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
4
|
Li L, Chang H, Yong N, Li M, Hou Y, Rao W. Superior antibacterial activity of gallium based liquid metals due to Ga3+ induced intracellular ROS generation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:85-93. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallium metals demonstrate enhanced antibacterial activity compared to gallium nitrate with the same gallium ion concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hao Chang
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Nie Yong
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100781
- China
| | - Meixi Li
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yi Hou
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wei Rao
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nilsson R, Liu NA. Nuclear DNA damages generated by reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) under oxidative stress and their relevance to human cancers, including ionizing radiation-induced neoplasia part II: Relation between ROS-induced DNA damages and human cancer. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
6
|
Nilsson R, Liu NA. Nuclear DNA damages generated by reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) under oxidative stress and their relevance to human cancers, including ionizing radiation-induced neoplasia part I: Physical, chemical and molecular biology aspects. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
7
|
Zhang J, Deng Y, Khoo BL. Fasting to enhance Cancer treatment in models: the next steps. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:58. [PMID: 32370764 PMCID: PMC7201989 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term fasting (STF) is a technique to reduce nutrient intake for a specific period. Since metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, it can be hypothesized that STF can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of STF in cell and animal tumor models. However, large-scale clinical trials must be conducted to verify the safety and effectiveness of these diets. In this review, we re-examine the concept of how metabolism affects pathophysiological pathways. Next, we provided a comprehensive discussion of the specific mechanisms of STF on tumor progression, derived through studies carried out with tumor models. There are currently at least four active clinical trials on fasting and cancer treatment. Based on these studies, we highlight the potential caveats of fasting in clinical applications, including the onset of metabolic syndrome and other metabolic complications during chemotherapy, with a particular focus on the regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal pathway and cancer heterogeneity. We further discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the current state-of-art tumor models for assessing the impact of STF on cancer treatment. Finally, we explored upcoming fasting strategies that could complement existing chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategies to enable personalized medicine. Overall, these studies have the potential for breakthroughs in cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yanlin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gorska-Ponikowska M, Ploska A, Jacewicz D, Szkatula M, Barone G, Lo Bosco G, Lo Celso F, Dabrowska AM, Kuban-Jankowska A, Gorzynik-Debicka M, Knap N, Chmurzynski L, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L, Wozniak M. Modification of DNA structure by reactive nitrogen species as a result of 2-methoxyestradiol-induced neuronal nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in metastatic osteosarcoma cells. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101522. [PMID: 32305006 PMCID: PMC7162974 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is a physiological anticancer compound, metabolite of 17β-estradiol. Previously, our group evidenced that from mechanistic point of view one of anticancer mechanisms of action of 2-ME is specific induction and nuclear hijacking of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), resulting in local generation of nitro-oxidative stress and finally, cancer cell death. The current study aims to establish the substantial mechanism of generation of reactive nitrogen species by 2-ME. We further achieved to identify the specific reactive nitrogen species involved in DNA-damaging mechanism of 2-ME. The study was performed using metastatic osteosarcoma 143B cells. We detected the release of biologically active (free) nitric oxide (•NO) with concurrent measurements of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in real time in a single cell of 143B cell line by using •NO/ONOO− sensitive microsensors after stimulation with calcium ionophore. Detection of nitrogen dioxide (•NO2) and determination of chemical rate constants were carried out by a stopped-flow technique. The affinity of reactive nitrogen species toward the guanine base of DNA was evaluated by density functional theory calculations. Expression and localization of nuclear factor NF-kB was determined using imaging cytometry, while cell viability assay was evaluated by MTT assay. Herein, we presented that 2-ME triggers pro-apoptotic signalling cascade by increasing cellular reactive nitrogen species overproduction – a result of enzymatic uncoupling of increased nNOS protein levels. In particular, we proved that ONOO− and •NO2 directly formed from peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) and/or by auto-oxidation of •NO, are inducers of DNA damage in anticancer mechanism of 2-ME. Specifically, the affinity of reactive nitrogen species toward the guanine base of DNA, evaluated by density functional theory calculations, decreased in the order: ONOOH > ONOO− > •NO2 > •NO. Therefore, we propose to consider the specific inducers of nNOS as an effective tool in the field of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Agata Ploska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Szkatula
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo,Palermo, Italy
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry "Emilio Segrè", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Gorzynik-Debicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Narcyz Knap
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lech Chmurzynski
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lawrence Wawrzyniec Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hatano A, Shimazaki K, Otsu M, Kawai G. Parallel motif triplex formation via a new, bi-directional hydrogen bonding pattern incorporating a synthetic cyanuryl nucleoside into the sense chain. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22766-22774. [PMID: 35514565 PMCID: PMC9054615 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The triplex formation ability of a sense chain containing a cyanuryl nucleoside was evaluated and the tertiary structure of the triplex was calculated using the NOE in 1H NMR by incorporating a 15N into the base moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hatano
- Department of Chemistry
- Shibaura Institute of Technology
- Saitama-City
- Japan
| | - Kei Shimazaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Shibaura Institute of Technology
- Saitama-City
- Japan
| | - Maina Otsu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chiba Institute of Technology
- Narashino
- Japan
| | - Gota Kawai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chiba Institute of Technology
- Narashino
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and progressive disorder
which is characterised by pathological abnormalities driven by chronic airway inflammation. The
assessment of airway inflammation in routine clinical practice in COPD is limited to surrogate blood
markers. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in
asthma, and it can predict steroid responsiveness and help tailor corticosteroid treatment. The clinical
value of FENO in COPD is less evident, but some studies suggest that it may be a marker of the
eosinophilic endotype. More importantly, mathematical methods allow investigation of the
alveolar/small airway production of NO which potentially better reflects inflammatory changes in
anatomical sites, most affected by COPD. This review summarises the pathophysiological role of
nitric oxide in COPD, explains the methodology of its measurement in exhaled air and discusses
clinical findings of FENO in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bikov
- NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sabrini S, Russell B, Wang G, Lin J, Kirk I, Curley L. Methamphetamine induces neuronal death: Evidence from rodent studies. Neurotoxicology 2019; 77:20-28. [PMID: 31812708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have consistently observed neuronal death following methamphetamine (MA) administration, however, these have not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aims to present the evidence for MA-induced neuronal death in animals (rodents) and identify the regions affected. Locating the brain regions in which neuronal death occurs in animal studies will provide valuable insight into the linkage between MA consumption and the structural alterations observed in the human brain. The data were collected from three databases: Scopus, Ovid, and the Web of Science. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two sub-groups, i.e. acute and repeated administration. Twenty-six (of 27) acute and ten (of 11) repeated administration studies observed neuronal death. A meta-analysis was not possible due to different variables between studies, i.e. species, treatment regimens, withdrawal periods, methods of quantification, and regions studied. Acute MA treatment induced neuronal death in the frontal cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra, but not in the hippocampus, whereas repeated MA administration led to neuronal loss in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and striatum. In addition, when animals self-administered the drug, neuronal death was observed at much lower doses than the doses administered by experimenters. There is some overlap in the regions where neuronal death occurred in animals and the identified regions from human studies. For instance, gray matter deficits have been observed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MA users. The findings presented in this review implicate that not only does MA induce neuronal death in animals, but it also damages the same regions affected in human users. Despite the inter-species differences, animal studies have contributed significantly to addiction research, and are still of great assistance for future research with a more relevant model of compulsive drug use in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrini Sabrini
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand.
| | - Bruce Russell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Grace Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Joanne Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ian Kirk
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Louise Curley
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pérez-González A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Álvarez-Idaboy JR, Reiter RJ, Galano A. Melatonin and its metabolites as chemical agents capable of directly repairing oxidized DNA. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12539. [PMID: 30417425 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediates chemical damage to DNA yielding a wide variety of products. In this work, the potential capability of melatonin and several of its metabolites to repair directly (chemically) oxidative lesions in DNA was explored. It was found that all the investigated molecules are capable of repairing guanine-centered radical cations by electron transfer at very high rates, that is, diffusion-limited. They are also capable of repairing C-centered radicals in the sugar moiety of 2'-deoxyguanosine (2dG) by hydrogen atom transfer. Although this was identified as a rather slow process, with rate constants ranging from 1.75 to 5.32 × 102 M-1 s-1 , it is expected to be fast enough to prevent propagation of the DNA damage. Melatonin metabolites 6-hydroxymelatonin (6OHM) and 4-hydroxymelatonin (4OHM) are also predicted to repair OH adducts in the imidazole ring. In particular, the rate constants corresponding to the repair of 8-OH-G adducts were found to be in the order of 104 M-1 s-1 and are assisted by a water molecule. The results presented here strongly suggest that the role of melatonin in preventing DNA damage might be mediated by its capability, combined with that of its metabolites, to directly repair oxidized sites in DNA through different chemical routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Juan Raúl Álvarez-Idaboy
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
iNOS promotes CD24 +CD133 + liver cancer stem cell phenotype through a TACE/ADAM17-dependent Notch signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10127-E10136. [PMID: 30297396 PMCID: PMC6205478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD24+CD133+ liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) express higher levels of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and possess self-renewal and tumor growth properties. iNOS is associated with more aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to the upregulation of Notch1 signaling. The activation of Notch1 by iNOS/NO is dependent on cGMP/PKG-mediated activation of TACE and upregulation of iRhom-2. The expression of iNOS, CD24, and CD133 correlates with the expression of activated TACE and Notch signaling in more aggressive human HCC. These findings have implications for understanding how LCSCs are regulated in the setting of chronic inflammation, where signals to upregulate iNOS are often present. Targeting iNOS could have therapeutic benefit in HCC. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with more aggressive solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notch signaling in cancer stem cells promotes cancer progression and requires Notch cleavage by ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) proteases. We hypothesized that iNOS/NO promotes Notch1 activation through TACE/ADAM17 activation in liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), leading to a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Expression of the stem cell markers CD24 and CD133 in the tumors of patients with HCC was associated with greater iNOS expression and worse outcomes. The expression of iNOS in CD24+CD133+ LCSCs, but not CD24−CD133− LCSCs, promoted Notch1 signaling and stemness characteristics in vitro and in vivo, as well as accelerating HCC initiation and tumor formation in the mouse xenograft tumor model. iNOS/NO led to Notch1 signaling through a pathway involving the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/PKG-dependent activation of TACE/ADAM17 and up-regulation of iRhom2 in LCSCs. In patients with HCC, higher TACE/ADAM17 expression and Notch1 activation correlated with poor prognosis. These findings link iNOS to Notch1 signaling in CD24+CD133+ LCSCs through the activation of TACE/ADAM17 and identify a mechanism for how iNOS contributes to progression of CD24+CD133+ HCC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Islam BU, Habib S, Ali SA, Moinuddin, Ali A. Role of Peroxynitrite-Induced Activation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) in Circulatory Shock and Related Pathological Conditions. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:373-383. [PMID: 27990620 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a powerful oxidant, formed from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide. It is known to interact and modify different biological molecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins leading to alterations in their structure and functions. These events elicit various cellular responses, including cell signaling, causing oxidative damage and committing cells to apoptosis or necrosis. This review discusses nitrosative stress-induced modification in the DNA molecule that results in the formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxoguanine, and its role in disease conditions. Different approaches of cell death, such as necrosis and apoptosis, are modulated by cellular high-energy species, such as ATP and NAD+. High concentrations of peroxynitrite are known to cause necrosis, whereas low concentrations lead to apoptosis. Any damage to DNA activates cellular DNA repair machinery, like poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP-1, an isoform of PARP, is a DNA nick-sensing enzyme that becomes activated upon sensing DNA breakage and triggers the cleavage of NAD+ into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter on nuclear acceptor proteins. Peroxynitrite-induced hyperactivation of PARP causes depletion of NAD+ and ATP culminating cell dysfunction, necrosis or apoptosis. This mechanistic pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including circulatory shock (which is characterized by cellular hypoxia triggered by systemic altered perfusion and tissue oxygen utilization leading end-organ dysfunction), sepsis and inflammation, injuries of the lung and the intestine. The cytotoxic effects of peroxynitrite centering on the participation of PARP-1 and ADP-ribose in previously stated diseases have also been discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badar Ul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Syed Amaan Ali
- Kothiwal Dental College and Research Center, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030530. [PMID: 29495460 PMCID: PMC6017920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin's free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhattacharjee K, Shukla PK. Does 8-Nitroguanine Form 8-Oxoguanine? An Insight from Its Reaction with •OH Radical. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1852-1861. [PMID: 29360382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
8-Nitroguanine (8-nitroG) formed due to nitration of guanine base of DNA plays an important role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In the present contribution, state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations using M06-2X density functional and domain-based local pair natural orbital-coupled cluster theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) methods have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of reaction of •OH radical with 8-nitroG leading to the formation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) (one of the most mutagenic and carcinogenic derivatives of guanine) in gas phase and aqueous media. Calculations of barrier energies and rate constants involved in the addition reactions of •OH radical at different sites of 8-nitroguanine show that C8 and C2 sites are the most and least reactive sites, respectively. Relative stability and Boltzmann populations of adducts show that the adduct formed at the C8 site occurs predominantly in equilibrium. Our calculations reveal that 8-nitroG is very reactive toward •OH radical and is converted readily into 8-oxoG when attacked by •OH radicals, in agreement with available experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P K Shukla
- Department of Physics, Assam University , Silchar 788011, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khan MA, Alam K, Mehdi SH, Rizvi MMA. Genotoxic effect and antigen binding characteristics of SLE auto-antibodies to peroxynitrite-modified human DNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:8-16. [PMID: 29051068 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by auto-antibodies against native deoxyribonucleic acid after modification and is one of the reasons for the development of SLE. Here, we have evaluated the structural perturbations in human placental DNA by peroxynitrite using spectroscopy, thermal denaturation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Peroxynitrite is a powerful potent bi-functional oxidative/nitrative agent that is produced both endogenously and exogenously. In experimental animals, the peroxynitrite-modified DNA was found to be highly immunogenic. The induced antibodies showed cross-reactions with different types of DNA and nitrogen bases that were modified with peroxynitrite by inhibition ELISA. The antibody activity was inhibited by approximately 89% with its immunogen as the inhibitor. The antigen-antibodies interaction between induced antibodies with peroxynitrite-modified DNA showed retarded mobility as compared to the native form. Furthermore, significantly increased binding was also observed in SLE autoantibodies with peroxynitrite-modified DNA than native form. Moreover, DNA isolated from lymphocyte of SLE patients revealed significant recognition of anti-peroxynitrite-modified DNA immunoglobulin G (IgG). Our data indicates that DNA modified with peroxynitrite presents unique antigenic determinants that may induce autoantibody response in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
CYT-Rx20 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Cell Growth and Migration Through Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage, Cell Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Inhibition. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:1306-1317. [PMID: 30814237 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The β-nitrostyrene family has been reported to possess anticancer properties. However, the anticancer activity of β-nitrostyrenes on cervical cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms involved remain unexplored. In this study, a β-nitrostyrene derivative CYT-Rx20 (3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene) was synthesized, and its anticancer activity on cervical cancer cells and the mechanisms involved were investigated. METHODS The effect of CYT-Rx20 on human cervical cancer cell growth was evaluated using cell viability assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and annexin V staining were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved poly (ADPribose) polymerase, γH2AX, β-catenin, Vimentin, and Twist were measured by Western blotting. DNA double-strand breaks were determined by γ-H2AX foci formation and neutral comet assay. Migration assay was used to determine cancer cell migration. Nude mice xenograft was used to investigate the antitumor effects of CYT-Rx20 in vivo. RESULTS CYT-Rx20 induced cytotoxicity in cervical cancer cells by promoting cell apoptosis via ROS generation and DNA damage. CYT-Rx20-induced cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage were reversed by thiol antioxidants. In addition, CYT-Rx20 inhibited cervical cancer cell migration by regulating the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. In nude mice, CYT-Rx20 inhibited cervical tumor growth accompanied by increased expression of DNA damage marker γH2AX and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers β-catenin and Twist. CONCLUSIONS CYT-Rx20 inhibits cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and has the potential to be further developed into an anti-cervical cancer drug clinically.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vasileiou PVS, Mourouzis I, Pantos C. Principal Aspects Regarding the Maintenance of Mammalian Mitochondrial Genome Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1821. [PMID: 28829360 PMCID: PMC5578207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as key players regarding cellular homeostasis not only due to their contribution regarding energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, but also due to their involvement in signaling, ion regulation, and programmed cell death. Indeed, current knowledge supports the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function require the coordinated action of two genomes: nuclear and mitochondrial. Unfortunately, both intrinsic and environmental genotoxic insults constantly threaten the integrity of nuclear as well as mitochondrial DNA. Despite the extensive research that has been made regarding nuclear genome instability, the importance of mitochondrial genome integrity has only recently begun to be elucidated. The specific architecture and repair mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA, as well as the dynamic behavior that mitochondria exert regarding fusion, fission, and autophagy participate in mitochondrial genome stability, and therefore, cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis V S Vasileiou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MikrasAsias Avenue, Goudi, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MikrasAsias Avenue, Goudi, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MikrasAsias Avenue, Goudi, Athens 11527, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
CYT-Rx20 inhibits ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:1129-1140. [PMID: 28500555 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The β-nitrostyrene family has been previously reported to possess anticancer property. However, the biological effects of β-nitrostyrenes on ovarian cancer and the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. In the present study, we synthesized a β-nitrostyrene derivative, CYT-Rx20 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene), and investigated its anticancer effects and the putative pathways of action in ovarian cancer. METHODS The effects of CYT-Rx20 were analyzed using cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, FACS analysis, annexin V staining, immunostaining, comet assay, immunoblotting, soft agar assay, migration assay, nude mice xenograft study and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CYT-Rx20 induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells by promoting cell apoptosis via ROS generation and DNA damage. CYT-Rx20-induced cell apoptosis, ROS generation and DNA damage were reversed by thiol antioxidants. In addition, CYT-Rx20 inhibited ovarian cancer cell migration by regulating the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. In nude mice, CYT-Rx20 inhibited ovarian tumor growth accompanied by increased expression of DNA damage marker γH2AX and decreased expression of EMT marker Vimentin. CONCLUSIONS CYT-Rx20 inhibits ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and has the potential to be further developed into an anti-ovarian cancer drug clinically.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li R, Wang W, Li F, Wang Q, Wang S, Xu Y, Chen F. Response of alternative splice isoforms of OsRad9 gene from Oryza sativa to environmental stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:325-334. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rad9 protein plays an important role in cell-cycle checkpoint signal transduction in human and yeast cells, but knowledge about Rad9 in plants is limited. This study reports that the Rad9 gene of rice can generate the transcript products OsRad9.1 and OsRad9.2 through alternative splicing. OsRad9.1, with all nine exons, is the main cell-cycle checkpoint protein involved in the response of rice to genotoxic stresses (ultraviolet radiation and antibiotic stress), environmental stresses (drought, salt, and heavy metal stress), and auxin stimuli (2,4-D, IAA, and IBA). Meanwhile, transcript isoform OsRad9.2, which lost exon7 and exon8, showed different preferential stimulation effects on these stresses and pollen development duration. These results might indicat that besides the monitoring and repair of DNA damage, Rad9 might involve in the development of pollen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering , Chengdu University , 1 Shiling , Chengdu 610106 , China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Fosheng Li
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China , Tel.: +86 28 85417281, Fax: 86 028 85417281
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu Y, Cui Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Wang Y. Occurrence, Biological Consequences, and Human Health Relevance of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2008-2039. [PMID: 27989142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of endogenous and exogenous agents can induce DNA damage and lead to genomic instability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important class of DNA damaging agents, are constantly generated in cells as a consequence of endogenous metabolism, infection/inflammation, and/or exposure to environmental toxicants. A wide array of DNA lesions can be induced by ROS directly, including single-nucleobase lesions, tandem lesions, and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypobromous acid (HOBr)-derived DNA adducts. ROS can also lead to lipid peroxidation, whose byproducts can also react with DNA to produce exocyclic DNA lesions. A combination of bioanalytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and molecular biology approaches have provided significant insights into the occurrence, repair, and biological consequences of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. The involvement of these lesions in the etiology of human diseases and aging was also investigated in the past several decades, suggesting that the oxidatively induced DNA adducts, especially bulky DNA lesions, may serve as biomarkers for exploring the role of oxidative stress in human diseases. The continuing development and improvement of LC-MS/MS coupled with the stable isotope-dilution method for DNA adduct quantification will further promote research about the clinical implications and diagnostic applications of oxidatively induced DNA adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang J, Li G, Huang Y, Ye L, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Lei Y, Chen X, Wang K, Chen Y, Dai C, Zhang Y. [Association of Inorganics Accumulation with the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway and the iNOS Expression of Lung Tissue in Xuanwei Lung Cancer Patients]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2016; 19:30-7. [PMID: 26805735 PMCID: PMC5999801 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2016.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 室内空气污染不仅会诱发哮喘,也会导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD),甚至促进肺癌发生。随着宣威肺癌的病因学研究,发现室内空气污染最终造成肺部无机颗粒物的沉积,这些物质可以造成肺泡细胞损伤、信号通路激活,最终促进肿瘤的发生。本研究旨在探讨宣威肺癌患者肺部中无机杂质的赋存以及核转录因子(nuclear factor κB, NF-κB) -诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)信号通路的激活情况。 方法 选取48例2013年12月-2014年11月在昆明医科大学第三附属医院行手术治疗的宣威肺癌患者与其他地区的肺癌患者作为研究对象,用透射电镜(transmission electron microscope, TME)对患者术后标本进行超微结构的观察,探究无机颗粒物的赋存情况;对患者的血清行细胞因子检测;对术后的标本行免疫组化以及蛋白质印迹(Western blot),了解NF-κB-p65蛋白以及iNOS蛋白的表达;对肺癌组织中和尿液中的8-OHdG赋存进行检测。 结果 在宣威肺癌患者癌旁组织的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞、巨噬细胞中可见到大量纳米级无机物赋存;对无机物进行元素分析,含有硅(Silicon, Si)成分;宣威地区患者血清中白介素(interleukin, IL) -1β(31.50±19.16) pg/mL较其他地区肺癌患者(11.33±6.94) pg/mL高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);宣威肺癌与其他地区肺癌患者的术后病理组织中癌组织有NF-κB-p65和iNOS表达,较非宣威地区明显升高;癌旁和正常组织之间未见明显差异;宣威肺癌组织和尿液8-OHdG较非宣威地区肺癌患者高,肺癌患者尿液中的8-OhdG(40.124±8.597) ng/mgCr与其他地区患者(25.673±7.986) ng/mgCr相比,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 肺部无机物的赋存以及NF-κB-iNOS信号通路的激活可能促进了宣威肺癌的发生。
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lianhua Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Chun Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Kunming 650118, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maiti AK, Islam MT, Satou R, Majid DSA. Enhancement in cellular Na+K+ATPase activity by low doses of peroxynitrite in mouse renal tissue and in cultured HK2 cells. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/7/e12766. [PMID: 27081160 PMCID: PMC4831332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the normal condition, endogenous formation of peroxynitrite (ONOOˉ) from the interaction of nitric oxide and superoxide has been suggested to play a renoprotective role. However, the exact mechanism associated with renoprotection by this radical compound is not yet clearly defined. Although ONOOˉ usually inhibits renal tubular Na+K+ATPase (NKA) activity at high concentrations (micromolar to millimolar range [μM–mM], achieved in pathophysiological conditions), the effects at lower concentrations (nanomolar range [nM], relevant in normal condition) remain unknown. To examine the direct effect of ONOOˉ on NKA activity, preparations of cellular membrane fraction from mouse renal tissue and from cultured HK2 cells (human proximal tubular epithelial cell lines) were incubated for 10 and 30 min each with different concentrations of ONOOˉ (10 nmol/L–200 μmol/L). NKA activity in these samples (n = 5 in each case) was measured via a colorimetric assay capable of detecting inorganic phosphate. At high concentrations (1–200 μmol/L), ONOOˉ caused dose‐dependent inhibition of NKA activity (−3.0 ± 0.6% and −36.4 ± 1.4%). However, NKA activity remained unchanged at 100 and 500 nmol/L ONOOˉ concentration, but interestingly, at lower concentrations (10 and 50 nmol/L), ONOOˉ caused small but significant increases in the NKA activity (3.3 ± 1.1% and 3.1 ± 0.6%). Pretreatment with a ONOOˉ scavenger, mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG; 200 μmol/L), prevented these biphasic responses to ONOOˉ. This dose‐dependent biphasic action of ONOO− on NKA activity may implicate that this radical compound helps to maintain sodium homeostasis either by enhancing tubular sodium reabsorption under normal conditions or by inhibiting it during oxidative stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan K Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mohammed T Islam
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dewan S A Majid
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iqbal S, Hayman EG, Hong C, Stokum JA, Kurland DB, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) in subarachnoid hemorrhage: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Circ 2016; 2:8-19. [PMID: 27774520 PMCID: PMC5074544 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.178541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically carries a poor prognosis. Growing evidence indicates that overabundant production of nitric oxide (NO) may be responsible for a large part of the secondary injury that follows SAH. Although SAH modulates the activity of all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the inducible isoform, NOS-2, accounts for a majority of NO-mediated secondary injuries after SAH. Here, we review the indispensable physiological roles of NO that must be preserved, even while attempting to downmodulate the pathophysiologic effects of NO that are induced by SAH. We examine the effects of SAH on the function of the various NOS isoforms, with a particular focus on the pathological effects of NOS-2 and on the mechanisms responsible for its transcriptional upregulation. Finally, we review interventions to block NOS-2 upregulation or to counteract its effects, with an emphasis on the potential therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in patients afflicted with SAH. There is still much to be learned regarding the apparently maladaptive response of NOS-2 and its harmful product NO in SAH. However, the available evidence points to crucial effects that, on balance, are adverse, making the NOS-2/NO/peroxynitrite axis an attractive therapeutic target in SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iqbal
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik G Hayman
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caron Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse A Stokum
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David B Kurland
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Q, Zhang N, Long YT, Qian X, Yang Y. Understanding the Selectivity of a Multichannel Fluorescent Probe for Peroxynitrite Over Hypochlorite. Bioconjug Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, School of Pharmacy, and §Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, School of Pharmacy, and §Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, School of Pharmacy, and §Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, School of Pharmacy, and §Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, School of Pharmacy, and §Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lamani DS, Bhowmick D, Mugesh G. Substituent effects on the stability and antioxidant activity of spirodiazaselenuranes. Molecules 2015; 20:12959-78. [PMID: 26193249 PMCID: PMC6332218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirodiazaselenuranes are structurally interesting compounds and the stability of these compounds depends highly on the nature of the substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. Aromatic substituents are known to play important roles in stabilizing the Se-N bonds in spiro compounds. In this study, several spirodiazaselenuranes are synthesized by introducing benzylic and aliphatic substituents to understand their effect on the stability of the Se-N bonds and the antioxidant activity. Replacement of phenyl substituent by benzyl/alkyl groups significantly reduces the stability of the spirodiazaselenuranes and slows down the oxidative cyclization process. The selenium centre in the spiro compounds undergoes further oxidation to produce the corresponding selenurane oxides, which are stable at room temperature. Comparison of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimetic activity of the compounds showed that the diaryl selenides having heterocyclic rings are significantly more active due to the facile oxidation of the selenium centre. However, the activity is reduced significantly for compounds having aliphatic substituents. In addition to GPx activity, the compounds also inhibit peroxynitrite-mediated nitration and oxidation reaction of protein and small molecules, respectively. The experimental observations suggest that the antioxidant activity is increased considerably upon substitution of the aromatic group with the benzylic/aliphatic substituents on the nitrogen atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devappa S Lamani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Debasish Bhowmick
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Puglisi MA, Cenciarelli C, Tesori V, Cappellari M, Martini M, Di Francesco AM, Giorda E, Carsetti R, Ricci-Vitiani L, Gasbarrini A. High nitric oxide production, secondary to inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, is essential for regulation of the tumour-initiating properties of colon cancer stem cells. J Pathol 2015; 236:479-90. [PMID: 25875314 DOI: 10.1002/path.4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a leading cause of neoplastic transformation in many human cancers and especially in colon cancer (CC), in part due to tumour promotion by nitric oxide (NO) generated at inflammatory sites. It has also been suggested that high NO synthesis, secondary to inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, is a distinctive feature of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumour cells with self-renewal capacity. In this study we explored the contribution of NO to the development of colon CSC features and evaluated potential strategies to treat CC by modulating NO production. Our data show an integral role for endogenous NO and iNOS activity in the biology of colon CSCs. Indeed, colon CSCs with high endogenous NO production (NO(high)) displayed higher tumourigenic abilities than NO(low) fractions. The blockade of endogenous NO availability, using either a specific iNOS inhibitor or a genetic knock-down of iNOS, resulted in a significant reduction of colon CSC tumourigenic capacities in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, analysis of genes altered by iNOS-directed shRNA showed that the knockdown of iNOS expression was associated with a significant down-regulation of signalling pathways involved in stemness and tumour progression in colon CSCs. These findings confirm that endogenous NO plays an important role in defining the stemness properties of colon CSCs through cross-regulation of several cellular signalling pathways. This discovery could shed light on the mechanisms by which NO induces the growth and invasiveness of CC, providing new insights into the link between inflammation and colon tumourigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tesori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Cappellari
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ezio Giorda
- Cytofluorimetry Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Cytofluorimetry Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khan MW, Priyamvada S, Khan SA, Khan S, Gangopadhyay A, Yusufi ANK. Fish/flaxseed oil protect against nitric oxide-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death in the rat liver. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:302-11. [PMID: 25964379 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115586207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an antihypertensive drug with proven toxic effects attributed mainly to the production of nitric oxide (NO). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are widely regarded as functional foods and have been shown to ameliorate the harmful effects of many toxicants. This study examined whether feeding of fish oil (FO)/flaxseed oil (FXO) would have any protective effect against SNP-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death. Male Wistar rats were fed either on normal diet or with 15% FO/FXO for 15 days, following which SNP (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. Animals were killed after treatment, and livers were collected for further analysis. We observed that SNP significantly elevated tissue nitrite levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO) with concomitant perturbation in antioxidant defense systems accompanied with dysregulated glucose metabolism and pronounced cellular death. FO/FXO supplementation to SNP-treated rats caused reversal of tissue injury/cell death and markedly decreased LPO and improved antioxidant defense systems. FO/FXO appear to protect against SNP-induced hepatotoxicity by improving energy metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Priyamvada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India SVKMs Mithibai College, Bhakti Vedanta Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gangopadhyay
- Flow Cytometry Technician, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, BD FACS
| | - A N K Yusufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Resveratrol antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli is mediated by Z-ring formation inhibition via suppression of FtsZ expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10029. [PMID: 25942564 PMCID: PMC4419592 DOI: 10.1038/srep10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol exhibits a potent antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanism underlying its antibacterial activity has not been shown. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of resveratrol was investigated. To investigate induction of the SOS response, a strain containing the lacZ+gene under the control of an SOS-inducible sulA promoter was constructed. DNA damage was measured by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). After resveratrol treatment, the cells were observed by confocal microscopy. For the RNA silencing assay, ftsZ-specific antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) was used. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in Escherichia coli after resveratrol treatment; however, cell growth was not recovered by ROS quenching, indicating that, in this experiment, ROS formation and cell death following resveratrol treatment were not directly correlated. Resveratrol treatment increased DNA fragmentation in cells, while SOS response-related gene expression levels increased in a dose-dependent manner. Cell elongation was observed after resveratrol treatment. Elongation was induced by inhibiting FtsZ, an essential cell-division protein in prokaryotes, and resulted in significant inhibition of Z-ring the formation in E. coli. The expression of ftsZ mRNA was suppressed by resveratrol. Our results indicate that resveratrol inhibits bacterial cell growth by suppressing FtsZ expression and Z-ring formation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pathophysiological Role of Peroxynitrite Induced DNA Damage in Human Diseases: A Special Focus on Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP). Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:368-85. [PMID: 26788021 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-014-0475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is formed in biological systems when nitric oxide and superoxide rapidly interact at near equimolar ratio. Peroxynitrite, though not a free radical by chemical nature, is a powerful oxidant which reacts with proteins, DNA and lipids. These reactions trigger a wide array of cellular responses ranging from subtle modulations of cell signaling to overwhelming oxidative injury, committing cells to necrosis or apoptosis. The present review outlines the various peroxynitrite-induced DNA modifications with special mention to the formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxoguanine as well as the induction of DNA single strand breakage. Low concentrations of peroxynitrite cause apoptotic death, whereas higher concentrations cause necrosis with cellular energetics (ATP and NAD(+)) serving as control between the two modes of cell death. DNA damage induced by peroxynitrite triggers the activation of DNA repair systems. A DNA nick sensing enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) becomes activated upon detecting DNA breakage and it cleaves NAD(+) into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter on nuclear acceptor proteins. Over-activation of PARP induced by peroxynitrite consumes NAD(+) and consequently ATP decreases, culminating in cell dysfunction, apoptosis or necrosis. This mechanism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have discussed the cytotoxic effects (apoptosis and necrosis) of peroxynitrite in the etiology of the mentioned diseases, focusing on the role of PARP in DNA repair in presence of peroxynitrite.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nambi KSN, Majeed SA, Taju G, Sivasubbu S, Raj NS, Madan N, Hameed ASS. Development and use of retinal pigmented epithelial cell line from zebrafish (Danio rerio) for evaluating the toxicity of ultraviolet-B. Zebrafish 2014; 12:21-32. [PMID: 25517103 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Danio rerio retinal pigmented epithelial (DrRPE) cell line, derived from the RPE tissue, was established and characterized. The cells were able to grow at a wide range of temperatures from 25°C to 32°C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium. The DrRPE cell line consists of epithelial cells with a diameter of 15-19 μm. The cell line was characterized by mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, immunocytochemical analysis, and karyotyping. DrRPE cells treated with 10 μM of all-trans-retinol for 24 h readily formed lipid droplets. DrRPE cells were irradiated with narrowband ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at different time periods of 0, 10, 20, and 40 min. The cells were subsequently examined for changes in morphology, cell viability, phagocytotic activity, mitochondrial distribution, nuclei morphology, generation of reactive oxygen species, and expression of apoptotic-related genes p53 and Cas3 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrate that UV-B radiation can cause a considerable decrease in DrRPE cell viability as well as in phagocytotic activity. In addition, the results demonstrate that UV-B radiation can induce the degradation of mitochondria and DNA in cultured DrRPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi S Nathiga Nambi
- 1 OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College , Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Irvoas J, Trzcionka J, Pratviel G. Formation of the carboxamidine precursor of cyanuric acid from guanine oxidative lesion dehydro-guanidinohydantoin. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4711-6. [PMID: 25092522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage under oxidative stress leads to oxidation of guanine base. The identification of the resulting guanine lesions in cellular DNA is difficult due to the sensitivity of the primary oxidation products to hydrolysis and/or further oxidation. We isolated dehydroguanidino-hydantoin (DGh) (or oxidized guanidinohydantoin), a secondary oxidation product of guanine, and showed that this lesion reacts readily with nucleophiles such as asymmetric peroxides and transforms to 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinane-1-carboxamidine residue. Further hydrolysis of this intermediate leads to cyanuric acid and finally to urea residue. This work demonstrates a new possible pathway for the formation of the well-known carboxamidine precursor of cyanuric acid lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris Irvoas
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France; Universitè de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Trzcionka
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France; Universitè de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France; Universitè de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, INPT, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stern AM, Zhu J. An introduction to nitric oxide sensing and response in bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 87:187-220. [PMID: 24581392 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800261-2.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical gas that has been intensively studied for its role as a bacteriostatic agent. NO reacts in complex ways with biological molecules, especially metal centers and other radicals, to generate other bioactive compounds that inhibit enzymes, oxidize macromolecules, and arrest bacterial growth. Bacteria encounter not only NO derived from the host during infection but also NO derived from other bacteria and inorganic sources. The transcriptional responses used by bacteria to respond to NO are diverse but usually involve an iron-containing transcription factor that binds NO and alters its affinity for either DNA or factors involved in transcription, leading to the production of enzymatic tolerance systems. Some of these systems, such as flavohemoglobin and flavorubredoxin, directly remove NO. Some do not but are still important for NO tolerance through other mechanisms. The targets of NO that are protected by these systems include many metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and branched chain amino acid synthesis. This chapter discusses these topics and others and serves as a general introduction to microbial NO biology.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mangerich A, Dedon PC, Fox JG, Tannenbaum SR, Wogan GN. Chemistry meets biology in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:958-86. [PMID: 23926919 PMCID: PMC4316682 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.832239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestine comprises an exceptional venue for a dynamic and complex interplay of numerous chemical and biological processes. Here, multiple chemical and biological systems, including the intestinal tissue itself, its associated immune system, the gut microbiota, xenobiotics, and metabolites meet and interact to form a sophisticated and tightly regulated state of tissue homoeostasis. Disturbance of this homeostasis can cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-a chronic disease of multifactorial etiology that is strongly associated with increased risk for cancer development. This review addresses recent developments in research into chemical and biological mechanisms underlying the etiology of inflammation-induced colon cancer. Beginning with a general overview of reactive chemical species generated during colonic inflammation, the mechanistic interplay between chemical and biological mediators of inflammation, the role of genetic toxicology, and microbial pathogenesis in disease development are discussed. When possible, we systematically compare evidence from studies utilizing human IBD patients with experimental investigations in mice. The comparison reveals that many strong pathological and mechanistic correlates exist between mouse models of colitis-associated cancer, and the clinically relevant situation in humans. We also summarize several emerging issues in the field, such as the carcinogenic potential of novel inflammation-related DNA adducts and genotoxic microbial factors, the systemic dimension of inflammation-induced genotoxicity, and the complex role of genome maintenance mechanisms during these processes. Taken together, current evidence points to the induction of genetic and epigenetic alterations by chemical and biological inflammatory stimuli ultimately leading to cancer formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter C. Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - James G. Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Steven R. Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gerald N. Wogan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen HJC, Wang TF, Chen YM. Role of Nitrite on Nitration of 2′-Deoxyguanosine by Nitryl Chloride. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Belcheva A, Green B, Weiss A, Streutker C, Martin A. Elevated incidence of polyp formation in APC(Min/⁺)Msh2⁻/⁻ mice is independent of nitric oxide-induced DNA mutations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65204. [PMID: 23741483 PMCID: PMC3669241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been linked to a number of human diseases including colon cancer. However, the mechanism through which gut bacteria influence colon cancer development and progression remains unclear. Perturbation of the homeostasis between the host immune system and microbiota leads to inflammation and activation of macrophages which produce large amounts of nitric oxide that acts as a genotoxic effector molecule to suppress bacterial growth. However, nitric oxide also has genotoxic effects to host cells by producing mutations that can predispose to colon cancer development. The major DNA lesions caused by nitric oxide are 8oxoG and deamination of deoxycytosine bases. Cellular glycosylases that belong to the base excision repair pathway have been demonstrated to repair these mutations. Recent evidence suggests that the mismatch repair pathway (MMR) might also repair nitric oxide-induced DNA damage. Since deficiency in MMR predisposes to colon cancer, we hypothesized that MMR-deficient colon epithelial cells are incapable of repairing nitric-oxide induced genetic lesions that can promote colon cancer. Indeed, we found that the MMR pathway repairs nitric oxide-induced DNA mutations in cell lines. To test whether nitric oxide promotes colon cancer, we genetically ablated the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or inhibited iNOS activity in the APC(Min/+)Msh2(-/-) mouse model of colon cancer. However, despite the fact that nitric oxide production was strongly reduced in the colon using both approaches, colon cancer incidence was not affected. These data show that nitric oxide and iNOS do not promote colon cancer in APC(Min/+)Msh2(-/-) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Belcheva
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blerta Green
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Weiss
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bala Sakthi Janani MM, Selvakumar K, Suganya S, Fariya Yasmine AB, Krishnamoorthy G, Arunakaran J. Protective role of lycopene against PCBs-induced nitrosative stress in cerebral cortex of adult male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
5-Phenylselenyl- and 5-methylselenyl-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and caspase-2-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:200-16. [PMID: 22002103 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways implicated in the induction of apoptosis by two modified nucleosides, 5-phenylselenyl-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (PhSe-T) and 5-methylselenyl-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (MeSe-T), using human cancer cell lines. The induction of apoptosis was associated with proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and -9, PARP cleavage, and decreased levels of IAP family members, including c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2, but had no effect on XIAP and survivin. PhSe-T and MeSe-T also enhanced the activities of caspase-2 and -8, Bid cleavage, and the conformational activation of Bax. Additionally, nucleoside derivative-induced apoptosis was inhibited by the selective inhibitors of caspase-2, -3, -8, and -9 and also by si-RNAs against caspase-2, -3, -8, and -9; however, inhibition of caspase-2 and -3 was more effective at preventing apoptosis than inhibition of caspase-8 and -9. Moreover, the inhibition of caspase-2 activation by the pharmacological inhibitor z-VDVAD-fmk or by the knockdown of protein expression using siRNA suppressed nucleoside derivative-induced caspase-3 activation, but not vice versa. PhSe-T and MeSe-T also induced a Δψ(m) loss via a CsA-insensitive mechanism, ROS production, and DNA damage, including strand breaks. Moreover, ROS scavengers such as NAC, tiron, and quercetin inhibited nucleoside derivative-induced ROS generation and apoptosis by blocking the sequential activation of caspase-2 and -3, indicating the role of ROS in caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that caspase-2 acts upstream of caspase-3 and that caspase-2 functions in response to DNA damage in both PhSe-T- and MeSe-T-induced apoptosis. Our results also suggest that ROS are critical regulators of the sequential activation of caspase-2 and -3 in nucleoside derivative-treated cancer cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lamani DS, Bhowmick D, Mugesh G. Spirodiazaselenuranes: synthesis, structure and antioxidant activity. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7933-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
42
|
Amiri I, Karimi J, Piri H, Goodarzi MT, Tavilani H, Khodadadi I, Ghorbani M. Association between nitric oxide and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in semen of diabetic men. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2011; 57:292-5. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2011.621508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
43
|
Kang KA, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Chae S, Kim HS, Park JH, Jung KS, Hyun JW. Baicalein inhibits oxidative stress-induced cellular damage via antioxidant effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:412-21. [PMID: 21957089 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711413799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a phenolic flavonoid compound derived mainly from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a medicinal plant traditionally used in oriental medicine. In our previous study, baicalein attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 transcription factor-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase. In the present study, the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative stress-induced damage, especially cellular components including DNA, lipid, and protein, were studied. The results of this study showed that baicalein scavenged intracellular ROS. Baicalein inhibited the H₂O₂-induced DNA damage that was demonstrated by decreased phospho-H2A.X expression and DNA tail formation. In addition, it prevented the lipid peroxidation shown by the fluorescence intensity of diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine and the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Moreover, baicalein inhibited protein oxidation demonstrated by protein carbonyl formation. Furthermore, baicalein protected cells via the inhibition of apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. The findings of this study suggest that baicalein provides protection for cellular components against oxidative damage via scavenging ROS and inhibiting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Suzuki S, Shishido T, Ishino M, Katoh S, Sasaki T, Nishiyama S, Miyashita T, Miyamoto T, Nitobe J, Watanabe T, Takeishi Y, Kubota I. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is a prognostic mediator for cardiac event. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:759-66. [PMID: 21261617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA in the nucleus is one of the major targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative DNA damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is produced from deoxyguanosine in DNA by ROS. The purpose of this present study was to examine the clinical significance of serum 8-OHdG levels in patients with heart failure. METHODS We measured serum 8-OHdG levels in 230 patients with chronic heart failure and 42 control subjects without heart failure by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were prospectively followed during a median follow-up period of 472 days with the end points of cardiac death or progressive heart failure requiring re-hospitalization. RESULTS Serum 8-OHdG concentrations were higher in patients with heart failure than in control subjects (P < 0·001) and increased with advancing New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (P < 0·001). Normal upper limit of 8-OHdG level was determined as mean ± 2SD value from 42 control subjects (0·40 ng mL(-1)). Abnormally high serum 8-OHdG levels (> 0·40 ng mL(-1)) were observed in 21·2%, 43·1%, 42·6% and 69·4% through NYHA I to IV (P < 0·001). A total of 66 cardiac events occurred during a follow-up period, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that cardiac event rate was markedly higher in patients with high 8-OHdG levels than in those with normal 8-OHdG levels (62·4% vs. 29·6%, P = 0·0007). CONCLUSIONS Serum 8-OHdG levels provide important prognostic information for the risk stratification of patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yun BH, Geacintov NE, Shafirovich V. Generation of guanine-thymidine cross-links in DNA by peroxynitrite/carbon dioxide. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1144-52. [PMID: 21513308 DOI: 10.1021/tx200139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosoperoxycarbonate derived from the combination of carbon dioxide and peroxynitrite is an important chemical mediator of inflammation. In aqueous solutions, it rapidly decomposes to the reactive species CO(3)(•-) and (•)NO(2) radicals that are known to initiate the selective oxidation and nitration of guanine in DNA. We have previously demonstrated that the reactions of carbonate radical anions with guanine in 2'-deoxyoligoribonucleotides generate a previously unknown intrastrand cross-linked guanine-thymine product G*-T* with a covalent bond between the C8 (G*) and the thymine N3 (T*) atoms (Crean Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36, 742-755). In this work, we demonstrate that G*-T* cross-linked products are also formed when peroxynitrite (0.1 mM) reacts with native DNA in aqueous solutions (pH 7.5-7.7) containing 25 mM carbon dioxide/bicarbonate, in addition to the well-known nitration/oxidation products of guanine such as 8-nitroguanine (8-nitro-G), 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole (NIm), 8-oxo-7,8-dehydroguanine (8-oxo-G), and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp). The yields of these products, after enzymatic digestion with P1 nuclease and alkaline phosphatase to the nucleotide level and reversed phase HPLC separation, were compared with those obtained with the uniformly, isotopically labeled (15)N,(13)C-labeled 2'-deoxy oligoribonucleotides 5'-dGpT and 5'-dGpCpT. The d(G*pT*) and d(G*-T*) cross-linked products derived from the di- and trioligonucleotides, respectively, were used as standards for identifying the analogous lesions in calf thymus DNA by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS methods in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The NIm and 8-nitro-G are the major products formed (∼0.05% each), and lesser amounts of 8-oxo-G (∼0.02%) and d(G*pT*) and d(G*-T*) enzymatic digestion products (∼0.002% each) were found. It is shown that the formation of d(G*pT*) enzyme digestion product can arise only from intrastrand cross-links, whereas d(G*-T*) can arise from both interstrand and intrastrand cross-linked products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee C, Longo VD. Fasting vs dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: from model organisms to patients. Oncogene 2011; 30:3305-16. [PMID: 21516129 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dietary recommendation for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, as described by the American Cancer Society, is to increase calorie and protein intake. Yet, in simple organisms, mice, and humans, fasting--no calorie intake--induces a wide range of changes associated with cellular protection, which would be difficult to achieve even with a cocktail of potent drugs. In mammals, the protective effect of fasting is mediated, in part, by an over 50% reduction in glucose and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) levels. Because proto-oncogenes function as key negative regulators of the protective changes induced by fasting, cells expressing oncogenes, and therefore the great majority of cancer cells, should not respond to the protective signals generated by fasting, promoting the differential protection (differential stress resistance) of normal and cancer cells. Preliminary reports indicate that fasting for up to 5 days followed by a normal diet, may also protect patients against chemotherapy without causing chronic weight loss. By contrast, the long-term 20 to 40% restriction in calorie intake (dietary restriction, DR), whose effects on cancer progression have been studied extensively for decades, requires weeks-months to be effective, causes much more modest changes in glucose and/or IGF-I levels, and promotes chronic weight loss in both rodents and humans. In this study, we review the basic as well as clinical studies on fasting, cellular protection and chemotherapy resistance, and compare them to those on DR and cancer treatment. Although additional pre-clinical and clinical studies are necessary, fasting has the potential to be translated into effective clinical interventions for the protection of patients and the improvement of therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lee
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Satheeshkumar K, Mugesh G. Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Peptide-Based Ebselen Analogues. Chemistry 2011; 17:4849-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
48
|
Nzietchueng R, Elfarra M, Nloga J, Labat C, Carteaux JP, Maureira P, Lacolley P, Villemot JP, Benetos A. Telomere length in vascular tissues from patients with atherosclerotic disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:153-6. [PMID: 21365170 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at evaluating telomere length in blood and in different vascular tissues with or without atheroma, in 3 groups of subjects: a group of atherosclerotic subjects who underwent surgery (Atherosclerosis-Surgery), a second group of subjects with asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid plaques but who did not undergo cardiovascular surgery (Atherosclerosis-No surgery), and a third group of subjects without atherosclerotic disease (Controls). The main objective was to determine if there is in vivo regulation of telomere length in situ by atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS A total of 84 subjects (mean age 69 ± 8 years) were studied. Blood and arterial tissue telomere lengths were determined by Southern blotting. Personal medical history (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia), family medical history, drug intake, and lifestyle were evaluated in the entire population through the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Arterial segments which did not develop atherosclerosis such as the saphenous vein and internal mammary artery, had longer telomere length than aortic segments. On the other hand, telomere length was shorter in aortic tissues which presented atherosclerotic lesions compared to corresponding tissues without atherosclerotic lesions. These results also suggest tissue regulation of telomere size by local factors likely related to oxidative stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Nzietchueng
- Inserm U961, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bhuyan BJ, Mugesh G. Effect of peptide-based captopril analogues on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5185-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Bhabak KP, Satheeshkumar K, Jayavelu S, Mugesh G. Inhibition of peroxynitrite- and peroxidase-mediated protein tyrosine nitration by imidazole-based thiourea and selenourea derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7343-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|