1
|
Zheng J, Wang N, Zhang W, Liao Y, Tao T, Chang J, Ye J, Xu F, Wang Q, Jiang L, Liu L. Characterization and functional analysis of novel α-bisabolol synthase (MrBAS) promoter from Matricaria recutita. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136445. [PMID: 39389512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Matricaria recutita is widely used in industry and as a medicinal plant because it contains α-bisabolol. Alpha-bisabolol has broad application prospects due to its healthy function and medical value. The activity of the α-bisabolol synthase (MrBAS) promoter determines the expression of the MrBAS gene, which in turn influences the synthesis and accumulation of α-bisabolol. However, the activity and tissue specificity of the MrBAS promoter have not yet been characterized. In this study, a 1327-base pair (bp) region upstream of the MrBAS of the translation start site was cloned from the genome of M. recutita. MrBAS promoter sequence analysis revealed multiple light-responsive elements, and further dark treatment reduced α-bisabolol content in flowers. The α-bisabolol content and MrBAS expression levels in various flower tissues showed a strong correlation. The 5' deletion analysis revealed that the MrBAS promoter sequence could drive β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, with activity decreasing as the fragment shortened. Transgenic experiments demonstrated that the MrBAS promoter could specifically drive GUS gene expression in Arabidopsis anthers, pollen tubes, and petals. Thus, the MrBAS promoter has the potential to be a tool for directing transgene expression specifically in flower organs, offering new research avenues for cultivar development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Qijian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Leiyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shannan Anrao Township Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center, Shannan 856000, Xizang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dutta AK, Sultana MM, Tanaka A, Suzuki T, Hachiya T, Nakagawa T. Expression analysis of genes encoding extracellular leucine-rich repeat proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:154-167. [PMID: 38040489 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins have been identified in diverse species, including plants. The diverse intracellular and extracellular LRR variants are responsible for numerous biological processes. We analyzed the expression patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana extracellular LRR (AtExLRR) genes, 10 receptor-like proteins, and 4 additional genes expressing the LRR-containing protein by a promoter: β-glucuronidase (GUS) study. According to in silico expression studies, several AtExLRR genes were expressed in a tissue- or stage-specific and abiotic/hormone stress-responsive manner, indicating their potential participation in specific biological processes. Based on the promoter: GUS assay, AtExLRRs were expressed in different cells and organs. A quantitative real-time PCR investigation revealed that the expressions of AtExLRR3 and AtExLRR9 were distinct under various abiotic stress conditions. This study investigated the potential roles of extracellular LRR proteins in plant growth, development, and response to various abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Momtaz Sultana
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ai Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Science of Natural Environment Systems Course, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waite JM, Dardick C. IGT/LAZY genes are differentially influenced by light and required for light-induced change to organ angle. BMC Biol 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38233837 PMCID: PMC10795295 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants adjust their growth orientations primarily in response to light and gravity signals. Considering that the gravity vector is fixed and the angle of light incidence is constantly changing, plants must somehow integrate these signals to establish organ orientation, commonly referred to as gravitropic set-point angle (GSA). The IGT gene family contains known regulators of GSA, including the gene clades LAZY, DEEPER ROOTING (DRO), and TILLER ANGLE CONTROL (TAC). RESULTS Here, we investigated the influence of light on different aspects of GSA phenotypes in LAZY and DRO mutants, as well as the influence of known light signaling pathways on IGT gene expression. Phenotypic analysis revealed that LAZY and DRO genes are collectively required for changes in the angle of shoot branch tip and root growth in response to light. Single lazy1 mutant branch tips turn upward in the absence of light and in low light, similar to wild-type, and mimic triple and quadruple IGT mutants in constant light and high-light conditions, while triple and quadruple IGT/LAZY mutants show little to no response to changing light regimes. Further, the expression of IGT/LAZY genes is differentially influenced by daylength, circadian clock, and light signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data show that differential expression of LAZY and DRO genes are required to enable plants to alter organ angles in response to light-mediated signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marie Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
- Present Address: USDA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Srivastava A, Pusuluri M, Balakrishnan D, Vattikuti JL, Neelamraju S, Sundaram RM, Mangrauthia SK, Ram T. Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Major Loci Associated with Resistance against Brown Planthoppers ( Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) Derived from Oryza nivara. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2066. [PMID: 38003009 PMCID: PMC10671472 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is a highly destructive pest of rice, causing significant economic losses in various regions of South and Southeast Asia. Researchers have made promising strides in developing resistance against BPH in rice. Introgression line RPBio4918-230S, derived from Oryza nivara, has shown consistent resistance to BPH at both the seedling and adult stages of rice plants. Segregation analysis has revealed that this resistance is governed by two recessive loci, known as bph39(t) and bph40(t), contributing to 21% and 22% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. We later mapped the genes using a backcross population derived from a cross between Swarna and RPBio4918-230S. We identified specific marker loci, namely RM8213, RM5953, and R4M17, on chromosome 4, flanking the bph39(t) and bph40(t) loci. Furthermore, quantitative expression analysis of candidate genes situated between the RM8213 and R4M17 markers was conducted. It was observed that eight genes exhibited up-regulation in RPBio4918-230S and down-regulation in Swarna after BPH infestation. One gene of particular interest, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor (STPKR), showed significant up-regulation in RPBio4918-230S. In-depth sequencing of the susceptible and resistant alleles of STPKR from Swarna and RPBio4918-230S, respectively, revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (InDel) mutations, both in the coding and regulatory regions of the gene. Notably, six of these mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions in the coding region of STPKR (R5K, I38L, S120N, T319A, T320S, and F348S) when compared to Swarna and the reference sequence of Nipponbare. Further validation of these mutations in a set of highly resistant and susceptible backcross inbred lines confirmed the candidacy of the STPKR gene with respect to BPH resistance controlled by bph39(t) and bph40(t). Functional markers specific for STPKR have been developed and validated and can be used for accelerated transfer of the resistant locus to elite rice cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Madhu Pusuluri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Jhansi Lakshmi Vattikuti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Sarla Neelamraju
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | | | - Tilathoo Ram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhai Y, Peng H, Neff MM, Pappu HR. Putative Auxin and Light Responsive Promoter Elements From the Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus Genome, When Expressed as cDNA, Are Functional in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:804. [PMID: 31316531 PMCID: PMC6611158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Members of the virus order Bunyavirales cause serious diseases in animals, humans and plants. Family Tospoviridae in this order contains only one genus Orthotospovirus, and members in this genus exclusively infect plants. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is considered one of the most economically important plants viruses. Little is known about the regulatory elements in the TSWV genome. Here we show that, when in the cDNA form, the 5'-upstream region of the TSWV-coded GN/GC gene (pGN/GC) possesses putative cis-regulatory elements, including an auxin responsive element (AuxRE) for binding of auxin response factors (ARFs), as well as a circadian clock-associated 1 (CCA1) protein binding site (CBS). Due to the lack of a reverse genetics system, we verified the functionality of these elements in Arabidopsis. pGN/GC showed light-suppressive promoter activity in transgenic Arabidopsis, and mutation in the CBS was sufficient to switch the activity to light inducible. Additionally, exogenous auxin treatments repressed the promoter activity of both wild type and CBS-mutated pGN/GC. Mutation in AuxRE in both promoters abolished their sensitivity to auxin. As transcriptional repressors, both CCA1 and ARF2 were able to bind to pGN/GC directly. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a 5'-terminal sequence of an RNA virus has light-and hormone-responsive promoter activities when expressed as cDNA in host plant's nuclear background. Our findings suggest new clues on the possible origin, evolution and function of the TSWV genomic sequence and its non-coding regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael M. Neff
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu JJ, Xiang Y. Characterization of the western white pine TIR-NBS-LRR ( PmTNL2) gene by transcript profiling and promoter analysis. Genome 2019; 62:477-488. [PMID: 31132323 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) have been reported to play important roles in plant disease resistance, growth, and development. However, no comprehensive analysis of this protein family has been performed in conifers. Here we report that the Pinus monticola PmTNL2 gene is a member of the NBS-LRR superfamily. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the PmTNL2 transcript was expressed in a tissue-specific pattern with extensive regulation by various environmental stimuli in western white pine seedlings, suggesting its wide involvement in stress defense and diverse developmental processes. In silico analysis of the PmTNL2 promoter region revealed multiple cis-regulatory elements characterized with potential functions for development-, light-, and stress-regulated transcript expression. Expression patterns were largely confirmed by PmTNL2 promoter-directed reporter gene expression using stable transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Notably, the PmTNL2 promoter activity was highly expressed in shoot apical and floral meristems and was induced strongly with vascular specificity by pathogen infection. Our data has provided a fundamental insight into both expression regulation and putative functions of the PmTNL2 gene in the context of plant growth and development, as well as in responses to environmental stressors. Promoter application as a potential tool for tree improvement was further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Liu
- a Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Yu Xiang
- b Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Waite JM, Dardick C. TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 modulates plant architecture in response to photosynthetic signals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4935-4944. [PMID: 30099502 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Light serves as an important environmental cue in regulating plant architecture. Previous work had demonstrated that both photoreceptor-mediated signaling and photosynthesis play a role in determining the orientation of plant organs. TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1) was recently shown to function in setting the orientation of lateral branches in diverse plant species, but the degree to which it plays a role in light-mediated phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that TAC1 expression was light dependent, as expression was lost under continuous dark or far-red growth conditions, but did not drop to these low levels during a diurnal time course. Loss of TAC1 in the dark was gradual, and experiments with photoreceptor mutants indicated this was not dependent upon red/far-red or blue light signaling, but partially required the signaling integrator CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1). Overexpression of TAC1 partially prevented the narrowing of branch angles in the dark or under far-red light. Treatment with the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon or the PSII inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) led to loss of TAC1 expression similar to dark or far-red conditions, but expression increased in response to the PSI inhibitor paraquat. Treatment of adult plants with norflurazon resulted in upward growth angle of branch tips. Our results indicate that TAC1 plays an important role in modulating plant architecture in response to photosynthetic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alotaibi SS, Sparks CA, Parry MAJ, Simkin AJ, Raines CA. Identification of Leaf Promoters for Use in Transgenic Wheat. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7020027. [PMID: 29597282 PMCID: PMC6027260 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wheat yields have plateaued in recent years and given the growing global population there is a pressing need to develop higher yielding varieties to meet future demand. Genetic manipulation of photosynthesis in elite wheat varieties offers the opportunity to significantly increase yields. However, the absence of a well-defined molecular tool-box of promoters to manipulate leaf processes in wheat hinders advancements in this area. Two promoters, one driving the expression of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) and the other fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) from Brachypodium distachyon were identified and cloned into a vector in front of the GUS reporter gene. Both promoters were shown to be functionally active in wheat in both transient assays and in stably transformed wheat plants. Analysis of the stable transformants of wheat (cv. Cadenza) showed that both promoters controlled gus expression throughout leaf development as well as in other green tissues. The availability of these promoters provides new tools for the expression of genes in transgenic wheat leaves and also paves the way for multigene manipulation of photosynthesis to improve yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqer S Alotaibi
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
- Biotechnology Department, Biological Sciences College, Taif University, At Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Caroline A Sparks
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
- Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling ME19 6BJ, UK.
| | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bekiaris PS, Tekath T, Staiger D, Danisman S. Computational exploration of cis-regulatory modules in rhythmic expression data using the "Exploration of Distinctive CREs and CRMs" (EDCC) and "CRM Network Generator" (CNG) programs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190421. [PMID: 29298348 PMCID: PMC5752016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of cis-regulatory elements (CRE) and clusters of CREs, which are called cis-regulatory modules (CRM), in eukaryotic gene expression is a challenge of computational biology. We developed two programs that allow simple, fast and reliable analysis of candidate CREs and CRMs that may affect specific gene expression and that determine positional features between individual CREs within a CRM. The first program, "Exploration of Distinctive CREs and CRMs" (EDCC), correlates candidate CREs and CRMs with specific gene expression patterns. For pairs of CREs, EDCC also determines positional preferences of the single CREs in relation to each other and to the transcriptional start site. The second program, "CRM Network Generator" (CNG), prioritizes these positional preferences using a neural network and thus allows unbiased rating of the positional preferences that were determined by EDCC. We tested these programs with data from a microarray study of circadian gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analyzing more than 1.5 million pairwise CRE combinations, we found 22 candidate combinations, of which several contained known clock promoter elements together with elements that had not been identified as relevant to circadian gene expression before. CNG analysis further identified positional preferences of these CRE pairs, hinting at positional information that may be relevant for circadian gene expression. Future wet lab experiments will have to determine which of these combinations confer daytime specific circadian gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Tekath
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Selahattin Danisman
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kiseleva AA, Potokina EK, Salina EA. Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:172. [PMID: 29143607 PMCID: PMC5688470 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-1a alleles determine early flowering of wheat. Increased expression of homoeologous Ppd-D1a and Ppd-A1a result from deletions in the promoter region, and elevated expression of Ppd-B1a is determined by an increased copy number. RESULTS In this study, using bread wheat cultivars Sonora and PSL2, which contrast in flowering time, and near-isogenic lines resulting from their cross, "Ppd-m" and "Ppd-w" with Ppd-B1a introgressed from Sonora, we investigated the putative factors that influence Ppd-B1a expression. By analyzing the Ppd-B1a three distinct copies, we identified an indel and the two SNPs, which distinguished the investigated allele from other alleles with a copy number variation. We studied the expression of the Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-D1 genes along with genes that are involved in light perception (PhyA, PhyB, PhyC) and the flowering initiation (Vrn-1, TaFT1) and discussed their interactions. Expression of Ppd-B1a in the "Ppd-m" line, which flowered four days earlier than "Ppd-w", was significantly higher. We found PhyC to be up-regulated in lines with Ppd-B1a alleles. Expression of PhyC was higher in "Ppd-m". Microsatellite genotyping demonstrated that in the line "Ppd-m", there is an introgression in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 5B from the early flowering parental Sonora, while the "Ppd-w" does not have this introgression. FHY3/FAR1 is known to be located in this region. Expression of the transcription factor FHY3/FAR1 was higher in the "Ppd-m" line than in "Ppd-w", suggesting that FHY3/FAR1 is important for the wheat flowering time and may cause earlier flowering of "Ppd-m" as compared to "Ppd-w". CONCLUSIONS We propose that there is a positive bidirectional regulation of Ppd-B1a and PhyC with an FHY3/FAR1 contribution. The bidirectional regulation can be proposed for Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a. Using in silico analysis, we demonstrated that the specificity of the Ppd-B1 regulation compared to that of homoeologous genes involves not only a copy number variation but also distinct regulatory elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Kiseleva
- The Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - Elena K Potokina
- N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B.Morskaya Street 42-44, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 190000
| | - Elena A Salina
- The Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim M, Gwak Y, Jung W, Jin E. Identification and Characterization of an Isoform Antifreeze Protein from the Antarctic Marine Diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile and Suggestion of the Core Region. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100318. [PMID: 29057803 PMCID: PMC5666426 DOI: 10.3390/md15100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protecting the cells against freezing are produced in response to extremely low temperatures in diverse psychrophilic organisms, and they are encoded by multiple gene families. The AFP of Antarctic marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile is reported in our previous research, but like other microalgae, was considered to probably have additional genes coding AFPs. In this paper, we reported the cloning and characterization of additional AFP gene from C. neogracile (Cn-isoAFP). Cn-isoAFP protein is 74.6% identical to the previously reported Cn-AFP. The promoter sequence of Cn-isoAFP contains environmental stress responsive elements for cold, thermal, and high light conditions. Cn-isoAFP transcription levels increased dramatically when cells were exposed to freezing (−20 °C), thermal (10 °C), or high light (600 μmol photon m−2 s−1) stresses. The thermal hysteresis (TH) activity of recombinant Cn-isoAFP was 0.8 °C at a protein concentration of 5 mg/mL. Results from homology modeling and TH activity analysis of site-directed mutant proteins elucidated AFP mechanism to be a result of flatness of B-face maintained via hydrophobic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Yunho Gwak
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Woongsic Jung
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaur A, Pati PK, Pati AM, Nagpal AK. In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of pathogenesis-related proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184523. [PMID: 28910327 PMCID: PMC5598985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis related (PR) proteins are low molecular weight family of proteins induced in plants under various biotic and abiotic stresses. They play an important role in plant-defense mechanism. PRs have wide range of functions, acting as hydrolases, peroxidases, chitinases, anti-fungal, protease inhibitors etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze promoter regions of PR1, PR2, PR5, PR9, PR10 and PR12 of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Analysis of cis-element distribution revealed the functional multiplicity of PRs and provides insight into the gene regulation. CpG islands are observed only in rice PRs, which indicates that monocot genome contains more GC rich motifs than dicots. Tandem repeats were also observed in 5' UTR of PR genes. Thus, the present study provides an understanding of regulation of PR genes and their versatile roles in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritpreet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Aparna Maitra Pati
- Planning Project Monitoring and Evaluation Cell, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Golubov A, Byeon B, Woycicki R, Laing C, Gannon V, Kovalchuk I. Transcriptomic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157-H7. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Singh RK, Jaishankar J, Muthamilarasan M, Shweta S, Dangi A, Prasad M. Genome-wide analysis of heat shock proteins in C4 model, foxtail millet identifies potential candidates for crop improvement under abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32641. [PMID: 27586959 PMCID: PMC5009299 DOI: 10.1038/srep32641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform significant roles in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to crop plants. In view of this, HSPs and their encoding genes were extensively characterized in several plant species; however, understanding their structure, organization, evolution and expression profiling in a naturally stress tolerant crop is necessary to delineate their precise roles in stress-responsive molecular machinery. In this context, the present study has been performed in C4 panicoid model, foxtail millet, which resulted in identification of 20, 9, 27, 20 and 37 genes belonging to SiHSP100, SiHSP90, SiHSP70, SiHSP60 and SisHSP families, respectively. Comprehensive in silico characterization of these genes followed by their expression profiling in response to dehydration, heat, salinity and cold stresses in foxtail millet cultivars contrastingly differing in stress tolerance revealed significant upregulation of several genes in tolerant cultivar. SisHSP-27 showed substantial higher expression in response to heat stress in tolerant cultivar, and its over-expression in yeast system conferred tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Methylation analysis of SiHSP genes suggested that, in susceptible cultivar, higher levels of methylation might be the reason for reduced expression of these genes during stress. Altogether, the study provides novel clues on the role of HSPs in conferring stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | - Jananee Jaishankar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | | | - Shweta Shweta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | - Anand Dangi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The nitrogen responsive transcriptome in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) reveals significant gene regulatory motifs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26090. [PMID: 27193058 PMCID: PMC4872257 DOI: 10.1038/srep26090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient for the growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Foliar gene expression in potato plants with and without N supplementation at 180 kg N ha(-1) was compared at mid-season. Genes with consistent differences in foliar expression due to N supplementation over three cultivars and two developmental time points were examined. In total, thirty genes were found to be over-expressed and nine genes were found to be under-expressed with supplemented N. Functional relationships between over-expressed genes were found. The main metabolic pathway represented among differentially expressed genes was amino acid metabolism. The 1000 bp upstream flanking regions of the differentially expressed genes were analysed and nine overrepresented motifs were found using three motif discovery algorithms (Seeder, Weeder and MEME). These results point to coordinated gene regulation at the transcriptional level controlling steady state potato responses to N sufficiency.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaur G, Pati PK. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of Respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene families in Arabidopsis and rice provides clues for their diverse functions. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 62:104-18. [PMID: 27111707 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a critical enzyme in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It catalyzes the production of apoplastic superoxide (O2(-)), that regulates a wide array of biological functions in different organisms. Plant Noxes are homologs of catalytic subunit of mammalian NADPH oxidase and are well-known as Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs). In recent years, there has been growing interest to study plant Noxes due to their versatile roles in plant systems. In the present work, comprehensive analysis on upstream regions from 10 Rbohs from Arabidopsis thaliana and 9 from Oryza sativa japonica was conducted. The distribution of various cis-elements, CpG islands and tandem repeats were analyzed to uncover the 5' regulatory region in wide array of functions from Rbohs. Information retrieved from cis-elements analysis was also correlated with the microarray data. Present study which involves uncovering transcription regulatory elements provided vital clues for diverse functions of plant Rbohs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Imtiaz M, Yang Y, Liu R, Xu Y, Khan MA, Wei Q, Gao J, Hong B. Identification and functional characterization of the BBX24 promoter and gene from chrysanthemum in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:1-19. [PMID: 26253592 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The B-box (BBX) family is a subgroup of zinc finger transcription factors that regulate flowering time, light-regulated morphogenesis, and abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of CmBBX24, a zinc finger transcription factor gene in chrysanthemum, results in abiotic stress tolerance. We have investigated and characterized the promoter of CmBBX24, isolating a 2.7-kb CmBBX24 promoter sequence and annotating a number of abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements, such as DRE, MYB, MYC, as well as cis-elements which respond to plant hormones, such as GARE, ABRE, and CARE. We also observed a number of cis-elements related to light, such as TBOX and GBOX, and some tissue-specific cis-elements, such as those for guard cells (TAAAG). Expression of the CmBBX24 promoter produced a clear response in leaves and a lower response in roots, based on β-glucuronidase histochemical staining and fluorometric analysis. The CmBBX24 promoter was induced by abiotic stresses (mannitol, cold temperature), hormones (gibberellic acid, abscisic acid), and different light treatments (white, blue, red); activation was measured by fluorometric analysis in the leaves and roots. The deletion of fragments from the 5'-end of the promoter led to different responses under various stress conditions. Some CmBBX24 promoter segments were found to be more important than others for regulating all stresses, while other segments were relatively more specific to stress type. D0-, D1-, D2-, D3-, and D4-proCmBBX24::CmBBX24 transgenic Arabidopsis lines developed for further study were found to be more tolerant to the low temperature and drought stresses than the controls. We therefore speculate that CmBBX24 is of prime importance in the regulation of abiotic stress in Arabidopsis and that the CmBBX24 promoter is inductive in abiotic stress conditions. Consequently, we suggest that CmBBX24 is a potential candidate for the use in breeding programs of important ornamental plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Z, Rashotte AM, Dane F. Citrullus colocynthis NAC transcription factors CcNAC1 and CcNAC2 are involved in light and auxin signaling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1673-86. [PMID: 24972826 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two novel NAC transcription factors from C itrullus colocynthis implicated in light and auxin signaling pathway. NAC transcription factors (NAM, ATAF1, 2, CUC2) have multiple functions in plant growth and development. Two NACs, CcNAC1 and CcNAC2, were recently identified in the highly drought-tolerant cucurbit species, Citrullus colocynthis. This study examines the functional role of these genes under different qualities of light based on the in silico analysis of the CcNAC1 and CcNAC2 promoters that revealed the presence of several light-associated motifs. The impact of both light and auxin on CcNAC1 and CcNAC2 expression was examined in C. colocynthis leaves, and using reporter (pCcNAC1, 2::GUS) lines in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the effects of constitutive overexpression (OE-CcNAC1, 2) in Arabidopsis were also examined under a range of conditions to confirm reporter line linkages. White, blue, red, and far-red light treatments resulted in similar patterns of quantitative changes in CcNAC1and CcNAC2 expression in both species, with the highest transcript increases following red light. Photomorphogenic changes in Arabidopsis hypocotyls were correlated with gene transcript levels. In the absence of light, hypocotyls of OE-CcNAC1/CcNAC2 lines were significantly longer as compared to WT. The addition of exogenous auxin (+IAA) to growth medium also resulted in changes to the hypocotyl lengths of overexpression lines and spatiotemporal reporter line changes in seedlings. Our data suggest that CcNAC1, 2 might be functionally important in the light signaling pathway, and appear connected to the hormone auxin. This is the first study to indicate that NAC genes might play a role in both light and auxin signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Edstam MM, Laurila M, Höglund A, Raman A, Dahlström KM, Salminen TA, Edqvist J, Blomqvist K. Characterization of the GPI-anchored lipid transfer proteins in the moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 75:55-69. [PMID: 24374350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are characterized by a compact structure with a central hydrophobic cavity very suitable for binding hydrophobic ligands, such as lipids. The nsLTPs are encoded by large gene families in all land plant lineages, but seem to be absent from green algae. The nsLTPs are classified to different types based on molecular weight, sequence similarity, intron position or spacing between the cysteine residues. The Type G nsLTPs (LTPGs) have a GPI-anchor in the C-terminal region which may attach the protein to the exterior side of the plasma membrane. Here, we present the first characterization of nsLTPs from an early diverged plant, the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moss LTPGs were heterologously produced and purified from Pichia pastoris. The purified moss LTPGs were found to be extremely heat stable and showed a binding preference for unsaturated fatty acids. Structural modeling implied that high alanine content could be important for the heat stability. Lipid profiling revealed that cutin monomers, such as C16 and C18 mono- and di-hydroxylated fatty acids, could be identified in P. patens. Expression of a moss LTPG-YFP fusion revealed localization to the plasma membrane. The expressions of many of the moss LTPGs were found to be upregulated during drought and cold treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiju Laurila
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Amitha Raman
- IFM, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Käthe M Dahlström
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Edqvist
- IFM, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Edstam MM, Blomqvist K, Eklöf A, Wennergren U, Edqvist J. Coexpression patterns indicate that GPI-anchored non-specific lipid transfer proteins are involved in accumulation of cuticular wax, suberin and sporopollenin. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:625-49. [PMID: 23893219 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) are unique to land plants. The nsLTPs are characterized by a compact structure with a central hydrophobic cavity and can be classified to different types based on sequence similarity, intron position or spacing between the cysteine residues. The type G nsLTPs (LTPGs) have a GPI-anchor in the C-terminal region which attaches the protein to the exterior side of the plasma membrane. The function of these proteins, which are encoded by large gene families, has not been systematically investigated so far. In this study we have explored microarray data to investigate the expression pattern of the LTPGs in Arabidopsis and rice. We identified that the LTPG genes in each plant can be arranged in three expression modules with significant coexpression within the modules. According to expression patterns and module sizes, the Arabidopsis module AtI is functionally equivalent to the rice module OsI, AtII corresponds to OsII and AtIII is functionally comparable to OsIII. Starting from modules AtI, AtII and AtIII we generated extended networks with Arabidopsis genes coexpressed with the modules. Gene ontology analyses of the obtained networks suggest roles for LTPGs in the synthesis or deposition of cuticular waxes, suberin and sporopollenin. The AtI-module is primarily involved with cuticular wax, the AtII-module with suberin and the AtIII-module with sporopollenin. Further transcript analysis revealed that several transcript forms exist for several of the LTPG genes in both Arabidopsis and rice. The data suggests that the GPI-anchor attachment and localization of LTPGs may be controlled to some extent by alternative splicing.
Collapse
|
21
|
Djafi N, Vergnolle C, Cantrel C, Wietrzyñski W, Delage E, Cochet F, Puyaubert J, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Gey D, Collin S, Balzergue S, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. The Arabidopsis DREB2 genetic pathway is constitutively repressed by basal phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C coupled to diacylglycerol kinase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:307. [PMID: 23964284 PMCID: PMC3737466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are activated in response to various stimuli. They utilize substrates provided by type III-Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases (PI4KIII) to produce inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG) that is phosphorylated into phosphatidic acid (PA) by DAG-kinases (DGKs). The roles of PI4KIIIs, PI-PLCs, and DGKs in basal signaling are poorly understood. We investigated the control of gene expression by basal PI-PLC pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. A transcriptome-wide analysis allowed the identification of genes whose expression was altered by edelfosine, 30 μM wortmannin, or R59022, inhibitors of PI-PLCs, PI4KIIIs, and DGKs, respectively. We found that a gene responsive to one of these molecules is more likely to be similarly regulated by the other two inhibitors. The common action of these agents is to inhibit PA formation, showing that basal PI-PLCs act, in part, on gene expression through their coupling to DGKs. Amongst the genes up-regulated in presence of the inhibitors, were some DREB2 genes, in suspension cells and in seedlings. The DREB2 genes encode transcription factors with major roles in responses to environmental stresses, including dehydration. They bind to C-repeat motifs, known as Drought-Responsive Elements that are indeed enriched in the promoters of genes up-regulated by PI-PLC pathway inhibitors. PA can also be produced by phospholipases D (PLDs). We show that the DREB2 genes that are up-regulated by PI-PLC inhibitors are positively or negatively regulated, or indifferent, to PLD basal activity. Our data show that the DREB2 genetic pathway is constitutively repressed in resting conditions and that DGK coupled to PI-PLC is active in this process, in suspension cells and seedlings. We discuss how this basal negative regulation of DREB2 genes is compatible with their stress-triggered positive regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Djafi
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Chantal Vergnolle
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | | | - Elise Delage
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Françoise Cochet
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Juliette Puyaubert
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, UMR INRA 1165, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL CNRS 8196Evry Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Gey
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, UMR INRA 1165, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL CNRS 8196Evry Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Collin
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, UMR INRA 1165, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL CNRS 8196Evry Cedex, France
| | - Alain Zachowski
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS EAC7180Paris, France
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, UPMC-Univ Paris06 UR5Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chai C, Lin Y, Shen D, Wu Y, Li H, Dou D. Identification and functional characterization of the soybean GmaPPO12 promoter conferring Phytophthora sojae induced expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67670. [PMID: 23840763 PMCID: PMC3695865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of pathogen-inducible promoters largely lags behind cloning of the genes for disease resistance. Here, we cloned the soybean GmaPPO12 gene and found that it was rapidly and strongly induced by Phytophthorasojae infection. Computational analysis revealed that its promoter contained many known cis-elements, including several defense related transcriptional factor-binding boxes. We showed that the promoter could mediate induction of GUS expression upon infection in both transient expression assays in Nicotianabenthamiana and stable transgenic soybean hairy roots. Importantly, we demonstrated that pathogen-induced expression of the GmaPPO12 promoter was higher than that of the soybean GmaPR1a promoter. A progressive 5' and 3' deletion analysis revealed two fragments that were essential for promoter activity. Thus, the cloned promoter could be used in transgenic plants to enhance resistance to phytophthora pathogens, and the identified fragment could serve as a candidate to produce synthetic pathogen-induced promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Chai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuren Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu Q, Luo C, Zhang Q, Luo Z. Isolation and characterization of a laccase gene potentially involved in proanthocyanidin polymerization in Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2809-20. [PMID: 23224657 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs, condensed tannins) are important health-promoting phytochemicals that are abundant in many plants. Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is an excellent source of PAs because of its unique ability to accumulate large quantities of these compounds in its young fruit. There are two different spontaneous mutant phenotypes of oriental persimmons which lose their astringent taste naturally on the tree; while plants without these mutations remain rich in soluble PAs until the fruit fully ripened. The mutations are referred to as pollination-constant non-astringent genotypes named J-PCNA and C-PCNA, and are from Japan and China respectively. In this work we speculated that the loss of astringency in C-PCNA fruit is due to the soluble PAs transferred into insoluble upon polymerization, which was quite different from that of the J-PCNA. A DkLAC1 gene was isolated by the homology-based clone method. The predicted protein product of this gene showed that the DkLAC1 is a plant laccase which is phylogenetically related to the known enzyme AtLAC15 involved in the polymerization of PAs. Expression patterns of PAs biosynthetic genes associated with soluble PAs contents in three types of Oriental persimmons. Expression levels of DkLAC1 in C-PCNA type plants were linked with the reduction of soluble PAs in the flesh of the fruit. In addition the cis-elements in the DkLAC1 promoter regions indicated that the gene might also be regulated by the DkMYB4 as is seen with other well-known structural genes in Oriental persimmon. We conclude that DkLAC1 is potentially involved in PA polymerization in C-PCNA during normal ripening in C-PCNA persimmon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene RtGPD1 and development of genetic transformation method by dominant selection in oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:719-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
25
|
Van Aken O, Whelan J. Comparison of transcriptional changes to chloroplast and mitochondrial perturbations reveals common and specific responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:281. [PMID: 23269925 PMCID: PMC3529323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the life of a plant, the biogenesis and fine-tuning of energy organelles is essential both under normal growth and stress conditions. Communication from organelle to nucleus is essential to adapt gene regulation and protein synthesis specifically to the current needs of the plant. This organelle-to-nuclear communication is termed retrograde signaling and has been studied extensively over the last decades. In this study we have used large-scale gene expression data sets relating to perturbations of chloroplast and mitochondrial function to gain further insights into plant retrograde signaling and how mitochondrial and chloroplast retrograde pathways interact and differ. Twenty seven studies were included that assess transcript profiles in response to chemical inhibition as well as genetic mutations of organellar proteins. The results show a highly significant overlap between gene expression changes triggered by chloroplast and mitochondrial perturbations. These overlapping gene expression changes appear to be common with general abiotic, biotic, and nutrient stresses. However, retrograde signaling pathways are capable of distinguishing the source of the perturbation as indicated by a statistical overrepresentation of changes in genes encoding proteins of the affected organelle. Organelle-specific overrepresented functional categories among others relate to energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Our analysis also suggests that WRKY transcription factors play a coordinating role on the interface of both organellar signaling pathways. Global comparison of the expression profiles for each experiment revealed that the recently identified chloroplast retrograde pathway using phospho-adenosine phosphate is possibly more related to mitochondrial than chloroplast perturbations. Furthermore, new marker genes have been identified that respond specifically to mitochondrial and/or chloroplast dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: James Whelan, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, WA, Australia. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Turlapati PV, Kim KW, Davin LB, Lewis NG. The laccase multigene family in Arabidopsis thaliana: towards addressing the mystery of their gene function(s). PLANTA 2011; 233:439-70. [PMID: 21063888 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While laccases, multi-copper glycoprotein oxidases, are often able to catalyze oxidation of a broad range of substrates, such as phenols and amines in vitro, their precise physiological/biochemical roles in higher plants remain largely unclear, e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana contains 17 laccases with only 1 having a known physiological function. To begin to explore their roles in planta, spatial and temporal expression patterns of Arabidopsis laccases were compared and contrasted in different tissues at various development stages using RT-PCR and promoter-GUS fusions. Various cell-specific expressions were noted where specific laccases were uniquely expressed, such as LAC4 in interfascicular fibers and seed coat columella, LAC7 in hydathodes and root hairs, LAC8 in pollen grains and phloem, and LAC15 in seed coat cell walls. Such specific cell-type expression patterns provide new leads and/or strategies into determining their precise physiological/biochemical roles. In addition, there was an apparent redundancy of gene expression patterns for several laccases across a wide variety of tissues, lignified and non-lignified, perhaps indicative of overlapping function(s). Preliminary evidence, based on bioinformatics analyses, suggests that most laccases may also be tightly regulated at both transcriptional (antisense transcripts, histone and DNA methylation) and posttranscriptional (microRNAs) levels of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phanikanth V Turlapati
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amoroso A, Concia L, Maggio C, Raynaud C, Bergounioux C, Crespan E, Cella R, Maga G. Oxidative DNA damage bypass in Arabidopsis thaliana requires DNA polymerase λ and proliferating cell nuclear antigen 2. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:806-22. [PMID: 21325140 PMCID: PMC3077771 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The oxidized base 7,8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G) is the most common DNA lesion generated by reactive oxygen species. This lesion is highly mutagenic due to the frequent misincorporation of A opposite 8-oxo-G during DNA replication. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase (pol) family X enzyme DNA pol λ catalyzes the correct incorporation of C opposite 8-oxo-G, together with the auxiliary factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana DNA pol λ, the only member of the X family in plants, is as efficient in performing error-free translesion synthesis past 8-oxo-G as its mammalian homolog. Arabidopsis, in contrast with animal cells, possesses two genes for PCNA. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we observed that PCNA2, but not PCNA1, physically interacts with DNA pol λ, enhancing its fidelity and efficiency in translesion synthesis. The levels of DNA pol λ in transgenic plantlets characterized by overexpression or silencing of Arabidopsis POLL correlate with the ability of cell extracts to perform error-free translesion synthesis. The important role of DNA pol λ is corroborated by the observation that the promoter of POLL is activated by UV and that both overexpressing and silenced plants show altered growth phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amoroso
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Concia
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Maggio
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Plateau du Moulon, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Plateau du Moulon, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rino Cella
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bilgin DD, Zavala JA, Zhu J, Clough SJ, Ort DR, DeLucia EH. Biotic stress globally downregulates photosynthesis genes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:1597-613. [PMID: 20444224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To determine if damage to foliage by biotic agents, including arthropods, fungi, bacteria and viral pathogens, universally downregulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, we compared transcriptome data from microarray experiments after twenty two different forms of biotic damage on eight different plant species. Transcript levels of photosynthesis light reaction, carbon reduction cycle and pigment synthesis genes decreased regardless of the type of biotic attack. The corresponding upregulation of genes coding for the synthesis of jasmonic acid and those involved in the responses to salicylic acid and ethylene suggest that the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes was part of a defence response. Analysis of the sub-cellular targeting of co-expressed gene clusters revealed that the transcript levels of 84% of the genes that carry a chloroplast targeting peptide sequence decreased. The majority of these downregulated genes shared common regulatory elements, such as G-box (CACGTG), T-box (ACTTTG) and SORLIP (GCCAC) motifs. Strong convergence in the response of transcription suggests that the universal downregulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression is an adaptive response to biotic attack. We hypothesize that slow turnover of many photosynthetic proteins allows plants to invest resources in immediate defence needs without debilitating near term losses in photosynthetic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla D Bilgin
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koizumi K, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K. Mechanical load induces upregulation of transcripts for a set of genes implicated in secondary wall formation in the supporting tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2009; 122:651-659. [PMID: 19582540 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-009-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of mechanical load on transcripts of a set of cell wall related genes that are implicated in the formation of supporting tissues, by applying a 50 mg strip of aluminum foil to the inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weight roughly half the fresh weight of the stem. Transcript levels of 12 of the 15 genes examined were increased by load application, as were the levels of some transcription factors that regulate secondary wall formation. These findings support the involvement of a load-sensing system in regulation of supporting tissue formation via transcriptional regulation of cell wall related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Koizumi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
PVAS3, a class-II ubiquitous asparagine synthetase from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Mol Biol Rep 2009; 36:2249-58. [PMID: 19130295 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a putative asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) has been isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). A 2.4 kb cDNA clone of this gene (PVAS3) encodes a protein of 570 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 64,678 Da, an isoelectric point of 6.45, and a net charge of -5.9 at pH 7.0. The PVAS3 protein sequence conserves all the amino acid residues that are essential for glutamine-dependent AS, and PVAS3 complemented an E. coli asparagine auxotroph, that demonstrates that it encodes a glutamine-dependent AS. PVAS3 displayed significant similarity to other AS. It showed the highest similarity to soybean SAS3 (92.9% identity), rice AS (73.7% identity), Arabidopsis ASN2 (73.2%) and sunflower HAS2 (72.9%). A phylogenetic analysis revealed that PVAS3 belongs to class-II asparagine synthetases. Expression analysis by real-time RT-PCR revealed that PVAS3 is expressed ubiquitously and is not repressed by light.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sawchuk MG, Donner TJ, Head P, Scarpella E. Unique and overlapping expression patterns among members of photosynthesis-associated nuclear gene families in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:1908-24. [PMID: 18820083 PMCID: PMC2593682 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.126946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light provides crucial positional information in plant development, and the morphogenetic processes that are orchestrated by light signals are triggered by changes of gene expression in response to variations in light parameters. Control of expression of members of the RbcS and Lhc families of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes by light cues is a paradigm for light-regulated gene transcription, but high-resolution expression profiles for these gene families are lacking. In this study, we have investigated expression patterns of members of the RbcS and Lhc gene families in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) at the cellular level during undisturbed development and upon controlled interference of the light environment. Members of the RbcS and Lhc gene families are expressed in specialized territories, including root tip, leaf adaxial, abaxial, and epidermal domains, and with distinct chronologies, identifying successive stages of leaf mesophyll ontogeny. Defined spatial and temporal overlap of gene expression fields suggest that the light-harvesting and photosynthetic apparatus may have a different polypeptide composition in different cells and that such composition could change over time even within the same cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Sawchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Joo JH, Wang S, Chen JG, Jones AM, Fedoroff NV. Different signaling and cell death roles of heterotrimeric G protein alpha and beta subunits in the Arabidopsis oxidative stress response to ozone. THE PLANT CELL 2005; 17:957-70. [PMID: 15705948 PMCID: PMC1069711 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.029603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana plants with null mutations in the genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of the single heterotrimeric G protein are less and more sensitive, respectively, to O3 damage than wild-type Columbia-0 plants. The first peak of the bimodal oxidative burst elicited by O3 in wild-type plants is almost entirely missing in both mutants. The late peak is normal in plants lacking the Gbeta protein but missing in plants lacking the Galpha protein. Endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are first detectable in chloroplasts of leaf epidermal guard cells. ROS production in adjacent cells is triggered by extracellular ROS signals produced by guard cell membrane-associated NADPH oxidases encoded by the AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes. The late, tissue damage-associated component of the oxidative burst requires only the Galpha protein and arises from multiple cellular sources. The early component of the oxidative burst, arising primarily from chloroplasts, requires signaling through the heterotrimer (or the Gbetagamma complex) and is separable from Galpha-mediated activation of membrane-bound NADPH oxidases necessary for both intercellular signaling and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghee H Joo
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Biology Department, Pen State University, University Park, Pensylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mahalingam R, Shah N, Scrymgeour A, Fedoroff N. Temporal evolution of the Arabidopsis oxidative stress response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 57:709-30. [PMID: 15988565 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-2860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a detailed analysis of the changes in gene expression levels in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) plants during and for 6 h after exposure to ozone (O3) at 350 parts per billion (ppb) for 6 h. This O3 exposure is sufficient to induce a marked transcriptional response and an oxidative burst, but not to cause substantial tissue damage in Col-0 wild-type plants and is within the range encountered in some major metropolitan areas. We have developed analytical and visualization tools to automate the identification of expression profile groups with common gene ontology (GO) annotations based on the sub-cellular localization and function of the proteins encoded by the genes, as well as to automate promoter analysis for such gene groups. We describe application of these methods to identify stress-induced genes whose transcript abundance is likely to be controlled by common regulatory mechanisms and summarized our findings in a temporal model of the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramamurthy Mahalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 246 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gaur T, Tyagi AK. Analysis of Arabidopsis PsbQA gene expression in transgenic tobacco reveals differential role of its promoter and transcribed region in organ-specific and light-mediated regulation. Transgenic Res 2004; 13:97-108. [PMID: 15198198 DOI: 10.1023/b:trag.0000026050.23122.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PsbQ, encoding a 16 kDa protein of the oxygen-evolving complex, is regulated by light and is expressed preferentially in leaf tissues. To analyze the components required for light-regulated and organ-specific expression of PsbQA, several promoter constructs were generated and expressed in tobacco. The 2.2 kb promoter could confer organ-specific expression of the reporter gene, whereas regulatory elements for light-dependent induction could not be located within this promoter and the transcribed region extending up to a second exon, represented by a genomic fragment encompassing the gene. The genomic fragment representing the transcribed region, however, could confer light regulation even on a constitutive promoter, as observed by steady-state mRNA analysis in T0 and T1 tobacco plants. The results obtained have led to the conclusion that regulatory elements for organ-specificity mainly reside in the promoter region whereas the transcribed region of the gene has an important role in light regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Gaur
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi-110021, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jeong MJ, Jeong MJ, Shih MC. Interaction of a GATA factor with cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 300:555-62. [PMID: 12504119 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified a cis-acting element, named the XXIII box, that is essential for light-regulated expression of the nuclear gene GAPB, which encodes the B subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Examination of the sequences indicated that there are two GATA motifs within the XXIII box. Based on the degree of the amino-acid sequence identity in the DNA binding domains, we divided the 25 GATA factors encoded in the Arabidopsis genome into three classes. We chose GATA-1 and GATA-20 from Class I and Class II, which include the majority of GATA factors, for overexpression in an Escherichia coli expression system. Gel mobility shift assays showed that GATA-1, but not GATA-20, binds specifically to the two GATA motifs within the XXIII fragment. In addition, we showed that GATA-1 could also bind specifically to a cis-acting element in the promoter of the GAPA gene, which is coordinately regulated by light with the GAPB gene. Based on these results, we propose that light controls the expression of GAPA and GAPB genes in part by regulating the binding of the same transcription factor at their GATA motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, 204 Chemistry Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chan CS, Peng HP, Shih MC. Mutations affecting light regulation of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 130:1476-1486. [PMID: 12428012 PMCID: PMC166666 DOI: 10.1104/pp.007849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2002] [Revised: 05/20/2002] [Accepted: 07/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Expression of nuclear genes that encode the A and B subunits of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPA and GAPB) of Arabidopsis is known to be regulated by light. We used a negative selection approach to isolate mutants that were defective in light-regulated expression of the GAPA gene. Two dominant mutants belonging to the same complementation group, uga1-1 and uga1-2, were then characterized. These two mutants showed a dramatic reduction in GAPA mRNA level in both mature plants and seedlings. Surprisingly, mutations in uga1-1 and uga1-2 had no effect on the expression of GAPB and several other light-regulated genes. In addition, we found that the chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity of the mutants was only slightly lower than that of the wild type. Western-blot analysis showed that the GAPA protein level was nearly indistinguishable between the wild-type and the uga mutants. These results suggested that posttranscriptional control was involved in the up-regulation of the GAPA protein in the mutants. The uga1-1 mutation was mapped to the bottom arm of chromosome V of the Arabidopsis genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chui Sien Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|