1
|
Dahlgren KK, Gates C, Lee T, Cameron JC. Proximity-based proteomics reveals the thylakoid lumen proteome in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:177-195. [PMID: 33280076 PMCID: PMC7880944 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria possess unique intracellular organization. Many proteomic studies have examined different features of cyanobacteria to learn about the intracellular structures and their respective functions. While these studies have made great progress in understanding cyanobacterial physiology, the conventional fractionation methods used to purify cellular structures have limitations; specifically, certain regions of cells cannot be purified with existing fractionation methods. Proximity-based proteomics techniques were developed to overcome the limitations of biochemical fractionation for proteomics. Proximity-based proteomics relies on spatiotemporal protein labeling followed by mass spectrometry of the labeled proteins to determine the proteome of the region of interest. We performed proximity-based proteomics in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 with the APEX2 enzyme, an engineered ascorbate peroxidase. We determined the proteome of the thylakoid lumen, a region of the cell that has remained challenging to study with existing methods, using a translational fusion between APEX2 and PsbU, a lumenal subunit of photosystem II. Our results demonstrate the power of APEX2 as a tool to study the cell biology of intracellular features and processes, including photosystem II assembly in cyanobacteria, with enhanced spatiotemporal resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K Dahlgren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology Program (IQ Biology), BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Colin Gates
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Thomas Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brouwer E, Ngo G, Yadav S, Ladig R, Schleiff E. Tic22 from
Anabaena
sp. PCC 7120 with holdase function involved in outer membrane protein biogenesis shuttles between plasma membrane and Omp85. Mol Microbiol 2019; 111:1302-1316. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva‐Maria Brouwer
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Giang Ngo
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Botany, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Roman Ladig
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Buchman Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Angeleri M, Muth-Pawlak D, Wilde A, Aro EM, Battchikova N. Global proteome response ofSynechocystis6803 to extreme copper environments applied to control the activity of the induciblepetJpromoter. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:826-841. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Angeleri
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - D. Muth-Pawlak
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - A. Wilde
- Molecular Genetics of Prokaryotes; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - E.-M. Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - N. Battchikova
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshimura H, Ikeuchi M, Ohomori M. Cell surface-associated proteins in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:538-43. [PMID: 23059722 PMCID: PMC4103569 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface senses environmental changes first and transfers signals into the cell. To understand the response to environmental changes, it is necessary to analyze cell surface components, particularly cell surface-associated proteins. We therefore investigated cell surface-associated proteins from the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The cell surface-associated proteins extracted by an acidic buffer were resolved by SDS-PAGE. Eighteen proteins were identified from resolved bands by amino-terminal sequencing. Analysis of cell surface-associated proteins indicated that several proteins among them were involved in nucleic acid binding, protein synthesis, proteolytic activity and electron transfer, and other proteins were involved in the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Yoshimura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3–8–1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153–8902, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tripp J, Hahn A, Koenig P, Flinner N, Bublak D, Brouwer EM, Ertel F, Mirus O, Sinning I, Tews I, Schleiff E. Structure and conservation of the periplasmic targeting factor Tic22 protein from plants and cyanobacteria. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24164-73. [PMID: 22593581 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are of endosymbiotic origin. Their integration into cells entailed the development of protein translocons, partially by recycling bacterial proteins. We demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of the translocon component Tic22 between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Tic22 in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is essential. The protein is localized in the thylakoids and in the periplasm and can be functionally replaced by a plant orthologue. Tic22 physically interacts with the outer envelope biogenesis factor Omp85 in vitro and in vivo, the latter exemplified by immunoprecipitation after chemical cross-linking. The physical interaction together with the phenotype of a tic22 mutant comparable with the one of the omp85 mutant indicates a concerted function of both proteins. The three-dimensional structure allows the definition of conserved hydrophobic pockets comparable with those of ClpS or BamB. The results presented suggest a function of Tic22 in outer membrane biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tripp
- Department of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pisareva T, Kwon J, Oh J, Kim S, Ge C, Wieslander A, Choi JS, Norling B. Model for membrane organization and protein sorting in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 inferred from proteomics and multivariate sequence analyses. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3617-31. [PMID: 21648951 DOI: 10.1021/pr200268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are unique eubacteria with an organized subcellular compartmentalization of highly differentiated internal thylakoid membranes (TM), in addition to the outer and plasma membranes (PM). This leads to a complicated system for transport and sorting of proteins into the different membranes and compartments. By shotgun and gel-based proteomics of plasma and thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a large number of membrane proteins were identified. Proteins localized uniquely in each membrane were used as a platform describing a model for cellular membrane organization and protein intermembrane sorting and were analyzed by multivariate sequence analyses to trace potential differences in sequence properties important for insertion and sorting to the correct membrane. Sequence traits in the C-terminal region, but not in the N-terminal nor in any individual transmembrane segments, were discriminatory between the TM and PM classes. The results are consistent with a contact zone between plasma and thylakoid membranes, which may contain short-lived "hemifusion" protein traffic connection assemblies. Insertion of both integral and peripheral membrane proteins is suggested to occur through common translocons in these subdomains, followed by a potential translation arrest and structure-based sorting into the correct membrane compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pisareva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schwenkert S, Soll J, Bölter B. Protein import into chloroplasts--how chaperones feature into the game. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:901-11. [PMID: 20682282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplasts originated from an endosymbiotic event, in which an ancestral photosynthetic cyanobacterium was engulfed by a mitochondriate eukaryotic host cell. During evolution, the endosymbiont lost its autonomy by means of a massive transfer of genetic information from the prokaryotic genome to the host nucleus. Consequently, the development of protein import machineries became necessary for the relocation of proteins that are now nuclear-encoded and synthesized in the cytosol but destined for the chloroplast. Organelle biogenesis and maintenance requires a tight coordination of transcription, translation and protein import between the host cell and the organelle. This review focuses on the translocation complexes in the outer and inner envelope membrane with a special emphasis on the role of molecular chaperones. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Protein translocation across or insertion into membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhadernerstr 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benz JP, Soll J, Bölter B. Protein transport in organelles: The composition, function and regulation of the Tic complex in chloroplast protein import. FEBS J 2009; 276:1166-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Gross J, Bhattacharya D. Revaluating the evolution of the Toc and Tic protein translocons. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:13-20. [PMID: 19042148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the plastid from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont necessitated the establishment of specialized molecular machines (translocons) to facilitate the import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the organelle. To improve our understanding of the evolution of the translocons at the outer and inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Toc and Tic, respectively), we critically reassess the prevalent notion that their subunits have a function exclusive to protein import. We propose that many translocon components are multifunctional, conserving ancestral pre-endosymbiotic properties that predate their recruitment into the primitive translocon (putatively composed of subunits Toc34, Toc75 and Tic110 and associated chaperones). Multifunctionality seems to be a hallmark of the Tic complex, in which protein import is integrated with a broad array of plastid processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Gross
- University of Iowa, Department of Biology and the Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, 446 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eisenhut M, Huege J, Schwarz D, Bauwe H, Kopka J, Hagemann M. Metabolome phenotyping of inorganic carbon limitation in cells of the wild type and photorespiratory mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:2109-20. [PMID: 18945936 PMCID: PMC2593672 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.129403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The amount of inorganic carbon represents one of the main environmental factors determining productivity of photoautotrophic organisms. Using the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we performed a first metabolome study with cyanobacterial cells shifted from high CO(2) (5% in air) into conditions of low CO(2) (LC; ambient air with 0.035% CO(2)). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 74 metabolites were reproducibly identified under different growth conditions. Shifting wild-type cells into LC conditions resulted in a global metabolic reprogramming and involved increases of, for example, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and phosphoenolpyruvate, and reductions of, for example, sucrose and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. A decrease in Calvin-Benson cycle activity and increased usage of associated carbon cycling routes, including photorespiratory metabolism, was indicated by synergistic accumulation of the fumarate, malate, and 2-phosphoglycolate pools and a transient increase of 3-phosphoglycerate. The unexpected accumulation of 2OG with a concomitant decrease of glutamine pointed toward reduced nitrogen availability when cells are confronted with LC. Despite the increase in 2OG and low amino acid pools, we found a complete dephosphorylation of the PII regulatory protein at LC characteristic for nitrogen-replete conditions. Moreover, mutants with defined blocks in the photorespiratory metabolism leading to the accumulation of glycolate and glycine, respectively, exhibited features of LC-treated wild-type cells such as the changed 2OG to glutamine ratio and PII phosphorylation state already under high CO(2) conditions. Thus, metabolome profiling demonstrated that acclimation to LC involves coordinated changes of carbon and interacting nitrogen metabolism. We hypothesize that Synechocystis has a temporal lag of acclimating carbon versus nitrogen metabolism with carbon leading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Eisenhut
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Pflanzenphysiologie, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balsera M, Stengel A, Soll J, Bölter B. Tic62: a protein family from metabolism to protein translocation. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:43. [PMID: 17374152 PMCID: PMC1847441 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function and structure of protein translocons at the outer and inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Toc and Tic complexes, respectively) are a subject of intensive research. One of the proteins that have been ascribed to the Tic complex is Tic62. This protein was proposed as a redox sensor protein and may possibly act as a regulator during the translocation process. Tic62 is a bimodular protein that comprises an N-terminal module, responsible for binding to pyridine nucleotides, and a C-terminal module which serves as a docking site for ferredoxin-NAD(P)-oxido-reductase (FNR). This work focuses on evolutionary analysis of the Tic62-NAD(P)-related protein family, derived from the comparison of all available sequences, and discusses the structure of Tic62. RESULTS Whereas the N-terminal module of Tic62 is highly conserved among all oxyphototrophs, the C-terminal region (FNR-binding module) is only found in vascular plants. Phylogenetic analyses classify four Tic62-NAD(P)-related protein subfamilies in land plants, closely related to members from cyanobacteria and green sulphur bacteria. Although most of the Tic62-NAD(P)-related eukaryotic proteins are localized in the chloroplast, one subgroup consists of proteins without a predicted transit peptide. The N-terminal module of Tic62 contains the structurally conserved Rossman fold and probably belongs to the extended family of short-chain dehydrogenases-reductases. Key residues involved in NADP-binding and residues that may attach the protein to the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts or to the Tic complex are proposed. CONCLUSION The Tic62-NAD(P)-related proteins are of ancient origin since they are not only found in cyanobacteria but also in green sulphur bacteria. The FNR-binding module at the C-terminal region of the Tic62 proteins is probably a recent acquisition in vascular plants, with no sequence similarity to any other known motifs. The presence of the FNR-binding domain in vascular plants might be essential for the function of the protein as a Tic component and/or for its regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Balsera
- Dep Biologie I, Botanisches Institut, LMU München, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Anna Stengel
- Dep Biologie I, Botanisches Institut, LMU München, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Dep Biologie I, Botanisches Institut, LMU München, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Dep Biologie I, Botanisches Institut, LMU München, 80638 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gerdes SY, Kurnasov OV, Shatalin K, Polanuyer B, Sloutsky R, Vonstein V, Overbeek R, Osterman AL. Comparative genomics of NAD biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:3012-23. [PMID: 16585762 PMCID: PMC1446974 DOI: 10.1128/jb.188.8.3012-3023.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of NAD(P) cofactors is of special importance for cyanobacteria due to their role in photosynthesis and respiration. Despite significant progress in understanding NAD(P) biosynthetic machinery in some model organisms, relatively little is known about its implementation in cyanobacteria. We addressed this problem by a combination of comparative genome analysis with verification experiments in the model system of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. A detailed reconstruction of the NAD(P) metabolic subsystem using the SEED genomic platform (http://theseed.uchicago.edu/FIG/index.cgi) helped us accurately annotate respective genes in the entire set of 13 cyanobacterial species with completely sequenced genomes available at the time. Comparative analysis of operational variants implemented in this divergent group allowed us to elucidate both conserved (de novo and universal pathways) and variable (recycling and salvage pathways) aspects of this subsystem. Focused genetic and biochemical experiments confirmed several conjectures about the key aspects of this subsystem. (i) The product of the slr1691 gene, a homolog of Escherichia coli gene nadE containing an additional nitrilase-like N-terminal domain, is a NAD synthetase capable of utilizing glutamine as an amide donor in vitro. (ii) The product of the sll1916 gene, a homolog of E. coli gene nadD, is a nicotinic acid mononucleotide-preferring adenylyltransferase. This gene is essential for survival and cannot be compensated for by an alternative nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)-preferring adenylyltransferase (slr0787 gene). (iii) The product of the slr0788 gene is a nicotinamide-preferring phosphoribosyltransferase involved in the first step of the two-step non-deamidating utilization of nicotinamide (NMN shunt). (iv) The physiological role of this pathway encoded by a conserved gene cluster, slr0787-slr0788, is likely in the recycling of endogenously generated nicotinamide, as supported by the inability of this organism to utilize exogenously provided niacin. Positional clustering and the co-occurrence profile of the respective genes across a diverse collection of cellular organisms provide evidence of horizontal transfer events in the evolutionary history of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Y. Gerdes
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Oleg V. Kurnasov
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Konstantin Shatalin
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Boris Polanuyer
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Roman Sloutsky
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Veronika Vonstein
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ross Overbeek
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, Rohm and Haas Company, Advanced Biosciences Division, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reumann S, Inoue K, Keegstra K. Evolution of the general protein import pathway of plastids (review). Mol Membr Biol 2005; 22:73-86. [PMID: 16092526 DOI: 10.1080/09687860500041916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary process that transformed a cyanobacterial endosymbiont into contemporary plastids involved not only inheritance but also invention. Because gram-negative bacteria lack a system for polypeptide import, the envelope translocon complex of the general protein import pathway was the most important invention of organelle evolution resulting in a pathway to import back into plastids those nuclear-encoded proteins supplemented with a transit peptide. Genome information of cyanobacteria, phylogenetically diverse plastids, and the nuclei of the first red alga, a diatom, and Arabidopsis thaliana allows us to trace back the evolutionary origin of the twelve currently known translocon components and to partly deduce their assembly sequence. Development of the envelope translocon was initiated by recruitment of a cyanobacterial homolog of the protein-import channel Toc75, which belongs to a ubiquitous and essential family of Omp85/D15 outer membrane proteins of gram-negative bacteria that mediate biogenesis of beta-barrel proteins. Likewise, three other translocon subunits (Tic20, Tic22, and Tic55) and several stromal chaperones have been inherited from the ancestral cyanobacterium and modified to take over the novel function of precursor import. Most of the remaining subunits seem to be of eukaryotic origin, recruited from pre-existing nuclear genes. The next subunits that joined the evolving protein import complex likely were Toc34 and Tic110, as indicated by the presence of homologous genes in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, followed by the stromal processing peptidase, members of the Toc159 receptor family, Toc64, Tic40, and finally some regulatory redox components (Tic62, Tic32), all of which were probably required to increase specificity and efficiency of precursor import.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Reumann
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Protein import into chloroplasts is a highly regulated process. The activity of the major import receptors is regulated by protein phosphorylation, as well as by GTP binding and hydrolysis. Complete translocation into the organelle could depend on its redox status, as sensed by the Tic complex. A further possibility is that, upon phosphorylation, precursor proteins form a highly import-competent guidance complex in the cytosol. Hence, several levels of regulation seem to coexist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Soll
- Department für Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzingerstrasse 67, D-80638, München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|