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Contrasting Volatilomes of Livestock Dung Drive Preference of the Dung Beetle Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134152. [PMID: 35807397 PMCID: PMC9268081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile cues can play a significant role in the location and discrimination of food resources by insects. Dung beetles have been reported to discriminate among dung types produced by different species, thereby exhibiting behavioral preferences. However, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in dung localization and preference remains largely unexplored in dung beetles. Here we performed several studies: firstly, cage olfactometer bioassays were performed to evaluate the behavioral responses of Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to VOCs emanating from fresh horse, sheep, and cattle dung; secondly, concurrent volatilome analysis was performed to characterize volatilomes of these dung types. Bubas bison adults exhibited greater attraction to horse dung and less attraction to cattle dung, and they preferred dung from horses fed a pasture-based diet over dung from those fed lucerne hay. Volatilomes of the corresponding dung samples from each livestock species contained a diverse group of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols, and sulfurous compounds, but the composition and abundance of annotated VOCs varied with dung type and livestock diet. The volatilome of horse dung was the most chemically diverse. Results from a third study evaluating electroantennogram response and supplementary olfactometry provided strong evidence that indole, butyric acid, butanone, p-cresol, skatole, and phenol, as well as toluene, are involved in the attraction of B. bison to dung, with a mixture of these components significantly more attractive than individual constituents.
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Ix-Balam MA, A Oliveira MG, Louzada J, McNeil JN, Lima E. The Rolling of Food by Dung Beetles Affects the Oviposition of Competing Flies. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030092. [PMID: 30065163 PMCID: PMC6165008 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flies are the main competitors of dung beetles for oviposition sites and rolling dung beetles relocate their food to reduce interspecific competition. Furthermore, dung beetles deposit chemical substances on the food ball that may repel fly larvae and certain predators. In the present study, using Deltochilum furcatum, a dung beetle that does not exhibit parental care and the blow-fly, Lucilia cuprina, we tested the hypothesis that pygidial secretions deposited on the food ball could also make it less attractive as an oviposition site for flies. Food balls rolled by either D. furcatum males or females received significantly fewer eggs that balls that had not been rolled by beetles. Also, flies laid significantly fewer eggs on food balls treated with secretions collected from male pygidial glands. Reduced fly oviposition may be a direct effect of compounds the beetles deposited, acting as an allomone, and/or an indirect negative effect on the microbial community that stimulates fly oviposition. A model of the reproductive biology of this species is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ix-Balam
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria G A Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Júlio Louzada
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Jeremy N McNeil
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Eraldo Lima
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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Cortez V, Verdú JR, Ortiz AJ, Halffter G. Identification and evaluation of semiochemicals for the biological control of the beetle Omorgus suberosus (F.) (Coleoptera: Trogidae), a facultative predator of eggs of the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172015. [PMID: 28192472 PMCID: PMC5305104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The beetle Omorgus suberosus (F.) is a facultative predator of eggs of the olive ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz). Laboratory and field investigations were conducted in order to characterize volatile attractants of O. suberosus and to explore the potential for application of these volatiles in a selective mass trapping method. Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) coupled to thermo-desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis of the volatile constituents from beetles or turtle nests revealed 24 potential compounds. However, electroantennographic (EAG) measurements revealed antennal sensitivity only to indole, linoleic acid, trimethylamine, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide and ammonia. Behavioural tests showed that these compounds are highly attractive to O. suberosus. Field trapping experiments revealed that indole and ammonia were more attractive than the other volatile compounds and showed similar attractiveness to that produced by conventional baits (chicken feathers). The use of a combined bait of indole and NH3 would therefore be the most effective trap design. The data presented are the first to demonstrate effective massive capture of O. suberosus using an attractant-based trapping method. These findings have potential for the development of an efficient mass trapping method for control of this beetle as part of efforts towards conservation of L. olivacea at La Escobilla in Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vieyle Cortez
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José R. Verdú
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonio J. Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Halffter
- Instituto de Ecología, A C, Red de Ecoetología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Wang Y, Zeng Y, Yang B, Shi Y. An easy access to carboxylic acids via Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of olefins with HCOOLi as a CO surrogate under mild conditions. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an easy access to carboxylic acids via Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of olefins with HCOOLi and Ac2O under mild conditions without using external CO gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
| | - Yongming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
| | - Bangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
| | - Yian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
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Kyasa S, Meier R, Pardini RA, Truttmann TK, Kuwata KT, Dussault PH. Synthesis of Ethers via Reaction of Carbanions and Monoperoxyacetals. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12100-14. [PMID: 26560686 PMCID: PMC4687849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although transfer of electrophilic alkoxyl ("RO+") from organic peroxides to organometallics offers a complement to traditional methods for etherification, application has been limited by constraints associated with peroxide reactivity and stability. We now demonstrate that readily prepared tetrahydropyranyl monoperoxyacetals react with sp(3) and sp(2) organolithium and organomagnesium reagents to furnish moderate to high yields of ethers. The method is successfully applied to the synthesis of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclopropyl ethers, mixed O,O-acetals, and S,S,O-orthoesters. In contrast to reactions of dialkyl and alkyl/silyl peroxides, the displacements of monoperoxyacetals provide no evidence for alkoxy radical intermediates. At the same time, the high yields observed for transfer of primary, secondary, or tertiary alkoxides, the latter involving attack on neopentyl oxygen, are inconsistent with an SN2 mechanism. Theoretical studies suggest a mechanism involving Lewis acid promoted insertion of organometallics into the O-O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShivaKumar Kyasa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Rebecca
N. Meier
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Ruth A. Pardini
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Tristan K. Truttmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Keith T. Kuwata
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Abstract
Insect pheromones are some of the most interesting natural products because they are utilized for interspecific communication between various insects, such as beetles, moths, ants, and cockroaches. A large number of compounds of many kinds have been identified as pheromone components, reflecting the diversity of insect species. While this review deals only with chiral methyl-branched pheromones, the chemical structures of more than one hundred non-terpene compounds have been determined by applying excellent analytical techniques. Furthermore, their stereoselective syntheses have been achieved by employing trustworthy chiral sources and ingenious enantioselective reactions. The information has been reviewed here not only to make them available for new research but also to understand the characteristic chemical structures of the chiral pheromones. Since biosynthetic studies are still limited, it might be meaningful to examine whether the structures, particularly the positions and configurations of the branched methyl groups, are correlated with the taxonomy of the pheromone producers and also with the function of the pheromones in communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Ando
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Mineeva IV. Cyclopropanol methodology in the synthesis of (4R)- and (4S)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones. Application in the synthesis of insect pheromones with methyl-branched carbon skeleton. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cortez V, Verdú JR, Ortiz AJ, Trigos ÁR, Favila ME. Chemical diversity and potential biological functions of the pygidial gland secretions in two species of Neotropical dung roller beetles. CHEMOECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-015-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kovalenko VN, Mineeva IV. Cyclopropane intermediates in the synthesis of chiral alcohols with methyl-branched carbon skeleton. Application in the synthesis of insect pheromones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014070033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Semiochemistry of the Scarabaeoidea. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:190-210. [PMID: 24474404 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily Scarabaeoidea comprises a large and diverse monophyletic group. Members share ancestral characteristics, but often exhibit considerable differences in their ecology, physiology, or mating strategies. A large number of species are regarded as pests of crop or amenity plants, while others are beneficial to humans and even may be extremely rare as a result of anthropogenic activities. A significant number of chemical ecology-based studies have been conducted with the Scarabaeoidea in order to characterize semiochemicals influencing their behavior, such as pheromones and plant-derived allelochemicals. These may be used either to control or preserve populations of the beetles, depending upon pest or beneficial status. This paper is a review of the role and identity of the semiochemicals of the Scarabaeoidea, with comments on possible future research and applied opportunities in the field of chemical ecology.
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Secondary metabolites released by the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides: chemical analyses and possible ecological functions. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:724-35. [PMID: 21667150 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Burying beetles of the genus Nicrophorus localize small vertebrate carcasses by emitted volatiles. The carcass that serves as reproduction and breeding site is buried in the soil by the beetles. Biparental care for offspring includes both preservation of the carrion and its preparation as diet and nursery. Buried carcasses show no signs of microbial decay, and those experimentally treated with Nicrophorus secretions are known to grow fewer bacteria and fungi. In order to investigate the chemical composition of these secretions, we used GC-MS for analysis of methanolic extracts of anal and oral secretions released by adult N. vespilloides. Furthermore, we analyzed the headspace of adult N. vespilloides by SPME-GC-MS and searched for compounds with known antimicrobial activity. We identified 34 compounds in the headspace, and anal and oral secretions, 26 of which occurred consistently. We discuss the ecological relevance of these compounds with respect to both their antimicrobial activity and ecological relevance.
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Nielsen M, Jacobsen C, Holub N, Paixão M, Jørgensen K. Asymmetrische Organokatalyse mit Sulfonen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nielsen M, Jacobsen C, Holub N, Paixão M, Jørgensen K. Asymmetric Organocatalysis with Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2668-79. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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García Ruano JL, Marcos V, Alemán J. The organocatalytic addition of bis(arylsulfonyl)methane to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and the synthesis of optically-enriched 3-methyl-alkanols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4435-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b908963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- a Advanced Separation Technologies, Inc. , Whippany, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas E. Beesley
- a Advanced Separation Technologies, Inc. , Whippany, New Jersey, USA
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Jürgens A, Dötterl S, Meve U. The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 172:452-68. [PMID: 17083676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By emitting strong fetid scents, sapromyiophilous flowers mimic brood and food sites of flies to attract them as pollinators. To date, intensive comparative scent analyses have been restricted to sapromyiophilous Araceae. Here, we analysed flower volatiles of fetid stapeliads to improve our understanding of the floral biology of fly pollinated species, and to learn whether mimicry types comparable to those found in Araceae exist. Floral volatiles of 15 species out of 11 genera within the Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae-Stapeliinae were collected via headspace adsorption and thermal desorption and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS). Data were analysed using CNESS-NMDS statistics. Sapromyiophilous stapeliads are highly diverse in their scent composition, in which sulphur compounds, benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives or nitrogen-containing compounds dominate. Four groups are evident: species with high p-cresol content but low amounts of polysulphides (herbivore faeces mimicry); species with mainly polysulphides and low amounts of p-cresol (carnivore/omnivore faeces or carcass mimicry); species with high amounts of heptanal and octanal (carnivore/omnivore faeces or carcass mimicry); and species with hexanoic acid (urine mimicry). Considering the findings in the unrelated Araceae, our results support the universality of different mimicry types that are obviously subsumed under the sapromyiophilous syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jürgens
- HortResearch, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand.
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Larsson MC, Hedin J, Svensson GP, Tolasch T, Francke W. Characteristic odor of Osmoderma eremita identified as a male-released pheromone. J Chem Ecol 2003; 29:575-87. [PMID: 12757320 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022850704500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli) is an endangered scarab beetle living in hollow trees. It has mainly been known for its characteristic odor, typically described as a fruity, peachlike or plumlike aroma. The odor emanating from a single beetle can sometimes be perceived from a distance of several meters. In this paper, we show that the characteristic odor from O. eremita is caused by the compound (R)-(+)-gamma-decalactone, released in large quantities mainly or exclusively by male beetles. Antennae from male and female beetles responded in a similar way to (R)-(+)-gamma-decalactone in electroantennographic recordings. Field trapping experiments showed that (R)-(+)-gamma-decalactone is a pheromone attracting female beetles. Lactones similar to (R)-(+)-gamma-decalactone are frequently used as female-released sex pheromones by phytophagous scarabs. This is, however, the first evidence of a lactone used as a male-produced pheromone in scarab beetles. We propose that the strong signal from males is a sexually selected trait used to compete for females and matings. The signal could work within trees but also act as a guide to tree hollows, which are an essential resource for O. eremita. Males may, thus, attract females dispersing from their natal tree by advertising a suitable habitat. This signal could also be exploited by other males searching for tree hollows or for females, which would explain the catch of several males in our traps.
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Burger BV, Petersen WGB, Weber WG, Munro ZM. Semiochemicals of the Scarabaeinae. VII: Identification and synthesis of EAD-active constituents of abdominal sex attracting secretion of the male dung beetle, Kheper subaeneus. J Chem Ecol 2002; 28:2527-39. [PMID: 12564798 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021440220329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID) and electroantennographic detection (EAD) in parallel, butanoic acid, skatole, and (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-octen-2-ol were identified as constituents of the abdominal sex-attracting secretion of the male dung beetle, Kheper subaeneus, which reproducibly elicited EAD responses in male and female antennae. This is the first report of the occurrence of (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-octen-2-ol as a natural product, for which the name (E)-subaeneol is proposed. In some experiments, a few other constituents of the secretion also gave reproducible responses in specific male and female antennae but did not elicit responses when the analyses were repeated with other antennae. The major volatile constituent of the secretion, identified as (S)-(+)-2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenoic acid, is one of these EAD-active compounds. Both this compound and (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-octen-2-ol were synthesized from authentic starting materials for comparison with the natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Burger
- Laboratory for Ecological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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