1
|
Cheng Y, Zou J, He M, Hou X, Wang H, Xu J, Yuan Z, Lan M, Yang Y, Chen X, Gao F. Spatiotemporally controlled Pseudomonas exotoxin transgene system combined with multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer antimetastatic therapy. J Control Release 2024; 367:167-183. [PMID: 37562556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a barrier to breast cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblast cells (CAFs) can support tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance by secreting various cytokines and growth factors. Abnormal angiogenesis provides sufficient nutrients for tumor proliferation. Considering that CAFs express the sigma receptor (which recognizes anisamide, AA), we developed a CAFs and breast cancer cells dual-targeting nano drug delivery system to transport the LightOn gene express system, a spatiotemporal controlled gene expression consisting of a light-sensitive transcription factor and a specific minimal promoter. We adopted RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) to selectively bind to the αvβ3 integrin on activated vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells. After the LightOn system has reached the tumor site, LightOn gene express system can spatiotemporal controllably express toxic Pseudomonas exotoxin An under blue light irradiation. The LightOn gene express system, combined with multifunctional nanoparticles, achieved high targeting delivery efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. It also displayed strong tumor and CAFs inhibition, anti-angiogenesis ability and anti-metastasis ability, with good safety. Moreover, it improved survival rate, survival time, and lung metastasis rate in a mouse breast cancer model. This study proves the efficacy of combining the LightOn system with targeted multifunctional nanoparticles in tumor and anti-metastatic therapy and provides new insights into tumor microenvironment regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiafeng Zou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Muye He
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyu Hou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hachey SJ, Hatch CJ, Gaebler D, Mocherla A, Nee K, Kessenbrock K, Hughes CCW. Targeting tumor-stromal interactions in triple-negative breast cancer using a human vascularized micro-tumor model. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:5. [PMID: 38183074 PMCID: PMC10768273 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive with limited available treatments. Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in TNBC progression; however, understanding the molecular basis of stromal cell activation and tumor-stromal crosstalk in TNBC is limited. To investigate therapeutic targets in the TNBC stromal niche, we used an advanced human in vitro microphysiological system called the vascularized micro-tumor (VMT). Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed that normal breast tissue stromal cells activate neoplastic signaling pathways in the TNBC TME. By comparing interactions in VMTs with clinical data, we identified therapeutic targets at the tumor-stromal interface with potential clinical significance. Combining treatments targeting Tie2 signaling with paclitaxel resulted in vessel normalization and increased efficacy of paclitaxel in the TNBC VMT. Dual inhibition of HER3 and Akt also showed efficacy against TNBC. These data demonstrate the potential of inducing a favorable TME as a targeted therapeutic approach in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Hachey
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | | | - Daniela Gaebler
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aneela Mocherla
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Nee
- Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aghakhani S, Silva-Saffar SE, Soliman S, Niarakis A. Hybrid computational modeling highlights reverse warburg effect in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4196-4206. [PMID: 37705596 PMCID: PMC10495551 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are amongst the key players of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. They exhibit aggressive phenotypes affecting extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune system modulation, tumor growth, and proliferation. CAFs phenotypic changes appear to be associated with metabolic alterations, notably a reverse Warburg effect that may drive fibroblasts transformation. However, its precise molecular mechanisms and regulatory drivers are still under investigation. Deciphering the reverse Warburg effect in breast CAFs may contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between TME and tumor cells, leading to new treatment strategies. In this regard, dynamic modeling approaches able to span multiple biological layers are essential to capture the emergent properties of various biological entities when complex and intertwined pathways are involved. This work presents the first hybrid large-scale computational model for breast CAFs covering major cellular signaling, gene regulation, and metabolic processes. It was generated by combining a cell- and disease-specific asynchronous Boolean model with a generic core metabolic network leveraging both data-driven and manual curation approaches. This model reproduces the experimentally observed reverse Warburg effect in breast CAFs and further identifies Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) as its key molecular driver. Targeting HIF-1 as part of a TME-centered therapeutic strategy may prove beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer by addressing the reverse Warburg effect. Such findings in CAFs, in light of our previously published results in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts, point to a common HIF-1-driven metabolic reprogramming of fibroblasts in breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Aghakhani
- GenHotel – European Research Laboratory for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sacha E Silva-Saffar
- GenHotel – European Research Laboratory for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sylvain Soliman
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anna Niarakis
- GenHotel – European Research Laboratory for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Musa A, Abulkhair HS, Aljuhani A, Rezki N, Abdelgawad MA, Shalaby K, El-Ghorab AH, Aouad MR. Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030463. [PMID: 36986562 PMCID: PMC10051656 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is now considered one of the leading causes of human death. As an attempt towards the discovery of novel medications for the COVID-19 pandemic, nineteen novel compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole side chains linked to phenylpyrazolone scaffold and terminal lipophilic aryl parts with prominent substituent functionalities were designed and synthesized via a click reaction based on our previous work. The novel compounds were assessed using an in vitro effect on the growth of SARS-CoV-2 virus-infested Vero cells with different compound concentrations: 1 and 10 μM. The data revealed that most of these derivatives showed potent cellular anti-COVID-19 activity and inhibited viral replication by more than 50% with no or weak cytotoxic effect on harboring cells. In addition, in vitro assay employing the SARS-CoV-2-Main protease inhibition assay was done to test the inhibitors' ability to block the common primary protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a mode of action. The obtained results show that the one non-linker analog 6h and two amide-based linkers 6i and 6q were the most active compounds with IC50 values of 5.08, 3.16, and 7.55 μM, respectively, against the viral protease in comparison to data of the selective antiviral agent GC-376. Molecular modeling studies were done for compound placement within the binding pocket of protease which reveal conserved residues hydrogen bonding and non-hydrogen interactions of 6i analog fragments: triazole scaffold, aryl part, and linker. Moreover, the stability of compounds and their interactions with the target pocket were also studied and analyzed by molecular dynamic simulations. The physicochemical and toxicity profiles were predicted, and the results show that compounds behave as an antiviral activity with low or no cellular or organ toxicity. All research results point to the potential usage of new chemotype potent derivatives as promising leads to be explored in vivo that might open the door to rational drug development of SARS-CoV-2 Main protease potent medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, International Coastal Road, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H El-Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Aouad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Globig P, Madurawala R, Willumeit-Römer R, Martini F, Mazzoni E, Luthringer-Feyerabend BJ. Mg-based materials diminish tumor spreading and cancer metastases. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:594-610. [PMID: 35600975 PMCID: PMC9108521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastases are the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. The formation of secondary tumors at different sites in the human body can impair multiple organ function and dramatically decrease the survival of the patients. In this stage, it is difficulty to treat tumor growth and spreading due to arising therapy resistances. Therefore, it is important to prevent cancer metastases and to increase subsequent cancer therapy success. Cancer metastases are conventionally treated with radiation or chemotherapy. However, these treatments elicit lots of side effects, wherefore novel local treatment approaches are currently discussed. Recent studies already showed anticancer activity of specially designed degradable magnesium (Mg) alloys by reducing the cancer cell proliferation. In this work, we investigated the impact of these Mg-based materials on different steps of the metastatic cascade including cancer cell migration, invasion, and cancer-induced angiogenesis. Both, Mg and Mg–6Ag reduced cell migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in coculture with fibroblasts. Furthermore, the Mg-based materials used in this study diminished the cancer-induced angiogenesis. Endothelial cells incubated with conditioned media obtained from these Mg and Mg–6Ag showed a reduced cell layer permeability, a reduced proliferation and inhibited cell migration. The tube formation as a last step of angiogenesis was stimulated with the presence of Mg under normoxia and diminished under hypoxia. Magnesium (Mg)-based material degradation decrease cell migration and invasion of an osteosarcoma coculture. Mg-based material degradation products reduce cancer-induced angiogenesis at an early stage. These materials may reduce secondary tumor formation and metastases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rimal R, Desai P, Daware R, Hosseinnejad A, Prakash J, Lammers T, Singh S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Origin, function, imaging, and therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114504. [PMID: 35998825 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as one of the primary barriers in cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a common inhabitant of the TME in several tumor types and play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance via different mechanisms such as desmoplasia, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and cancer metabolism. Due to their abundance and significance in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, CAF are gaining attention as a diagnostic target as well as to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by their modulation. In this review, we highlight existing imaging techniques that are used for the visualization of CAF and CAF-induced fibrosis and provide an overview of compounds that are known to modulate CAF activity. Subsequently, we also discuss CAF-targeted and CAF-modulating nanocarriers. Finally, our review addresses ongoing challenges and provides a glimpse into the prospects that can spearhead the transition of CAF-targeted therapies from opportunity to reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rimal
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prachi Desai
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rasika Daware
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aisa Hosseinnejad
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Section: Engineered Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Modulation of Fibroblast Phenotype by Colorectal Cancer Cell-Secreted Factors Is Mostly Independent of Oncogenic KRAS. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162490. [PMID: 36010567 PMCID: PMC9406506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations have been shown to extend their oncogenic effects beyond the cancer cell, influencing the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we studied the impact of mutant KRAS on the modulation of the pro-tumorigenic properties of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including α-SMA expression, TGFβ1 and HGF production, extracellular matrix components and metalloproteinases expression as well as collagen contraction and migration capacities. To do so, CCD-18Co normal-like colon fibroblasts were challenged with conditioned media from control and KRAS silenced colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Our results showed that the mutant KRAS CRC cell-secreted factors were capable of turning normal-like fibroblasts into CAF-like by modulating the α-SMA expression, TGFβ1 and HGF production and migration capacity. Oncogenic KRAS played a secondary role as its silencing did not completely impair the capacity of CRC cells to modulate most of the fibroblast properties analyzed. In summary, our work suggests that mutant KRAS does not play a major role in controlling the CRC cell-secreted factors that modulate the behavior of fibroblasts. The fact that CRC cells retain the capacity to modulate the pro-tumorigenic features of fibroblasts independently of KRAS silencing is likely to negatively impact their response to KRAS inhibitors, thus standing as a putative mechanism of resistance to KRAS inhibition with potential therapeutical relevance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cytokine chemokine network in tumor microenvironment: Impact on CSC properties and therapeutic applications. Cytokine 2022; 156:155916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Wiley KL, Sutherland BP, Ogunnaike BA, Kloxin AM. Rational Design of Hydrogel Networks with Dynamic Mechanical Properties to Mimic Matrix Remodeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101947. [PMID: 34936227 PMCID: PMC8986572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineered hydrogels are increasingly used as extracellular matrix (ECM) surrogates for probing cell function in response to ECM remodeling events related to injury or disease (e.g., degradation followed by deposition/crosslinking). Inspired by these events, this work establishes an approach for pseudo-reversible mechanical property modulation in synthetic hydrogels by integrating orthogonal, enzymatically triggered crosslink degradation, and light-triggered photopolymerization stiffening. Hydrogels are formed by a photo-initiated thiol-ene reaction between multiarm polyethylene glycol and a dually enzymatically degradable peptide linker, which incorporates a thrombin-degradable sequence for triggered softening and a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable sequence for cell-driven remodeling. Hydrogels are stiffened by photopolymerization using a flexible, MMP-degradable polymer-peptide conjugate and multiarm macromers, increasing the synthetic matrix crosslink density while retaining degradability. Integration of these tools enables sequential softening and stiffening inspired by matrix remodeling events within loose connective tissues (Young's modulus (E) ≈5 to 1.5 to 6 kPa with >3x ΔE). The cytocompatibility and utility of this approach is examined with breast cancer cells, where cell proliferation shows a dependence on the timing of triggered softening. This work provides innovative tools for 3D dynamic property modulation that are synthetically accessible and cell compatible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Wiley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bryan P. Sutherland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Babatunde A. Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim H, Shin Y, Kim DH. Mechanobiological Implications of Cancer Progression in Space. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740009. [PMID: 34957091 PMCID: PMC8692837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is normally adapted to maintain homeostasis in a terrestrial environment. The novel conditions of a space environment introduce challenges that changes the cellular response to its surroundings. Such an alteration causes physical changes in the extracellular microenvironment, inducing the secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) from cancer cells to enhance cancer malignancy. Cancer is one of the most prominent cell types to be affected by mechanical cues via active interaction with the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells mechanotransduce in the space environment, as well as the influence of this process on human health, have not been fully elucidated. Due to the growing interest in space biology, this article reviews cancer cell responses to the representative conditions altered in space: microgravity, decompression, and irradiation. Interestingly, cytokine and gene expression that assist in tumor survival, invasive phenotypic transformation, and cancer cell proliferation are upregulated when exposed to both simulated and actual space conditions. The necessity of further research on space mechanobiology such as simulating more complex in vivo experiments or finding other mechanical cues that may be encountered during spaceflight are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyondeog Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prominent Prognostic Factors in Aggressive Breast Cancer: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Hereditary susceptibility created by mutations in autosomal dominant genes is responsible for 5 to 10% of all BC cases in women. Recent studies have identified genes associated with increased risk for aggressive BC, providing the basis for better risk management. Evidence Acquisition: The latest information in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were the main databases for finding articles. A combination of keywords of ‘metastasis’, ‘invasion’, ‘aggressive breast cancer’, ‘prognostic factor’, ‘mutation’, and ‘cancer treatment’ was searched in the databases to identify related articles. Titles and abstracts of the articles were studied to choose the right articles. Results: Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) genes are two central players related to the high risk of BC. Mutation in tumor protein p53 (TP53) is another important mutation that leads to triple-negative BC. Although the majority of BC types are not associated with high-throughput mutant genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53, they are associated with low-throughput genes, including DNA repair protein Rad50 (RAD50), Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1-interacting protein 1 (BRIP1), E-cadherin gene (CDH1) and PALB2, UCHL1, aldehydedehydrogenase1A3 (ALDH1A3), androgen receptor (AR), 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA), phosphatidylinositol-4, and luminal gene expression that are generally mutated in the global population. High tumor mutational burden (TMB) was associated with improved progression-free survival. Conclusions: The lymph node status, early tumor size, ER, PR, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 are conventional prognostic factors for BC. However, these factors cannot exactly predict the aggressive behavior of BC. Hence, in this review, we discussed new prognostic factors of aggressive BCs that are useful for the treatment of patients with BC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zinc Signaling in the Mammary Gland: For Better and for Worse. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091204. [PMID: 34572390 PMCID: PMC8469023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) plays an essential role in epithelial physiology. Among its many effects, most prominent is its action to accelerate cell proliferation, thereby modulating wound healing. It also mediates affects in the gastrointestinal system, in the testes, and in secretory organs, including the pancreas, salivary, and prostate glands. On the cellular level, Zn2+ is involved in protein folding, DNA, and RNA synthesis, and in the function of numerous enzymes. In the mammary gland, Zn2+ accumulation in maternal milk is essential for supporting infant growth during the neonatal period. Importantly, Zn2+ signaling also has direct roles in controlling mammary gland development or, alternatively, involution. During breast cancer progression, accumulation or redistribution of Zn2+ occurs in the mammary gland, with aberrant Zn2+ signaling observed in the malignant cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of in Zn2+ the mammary gland, and the proteins controlling cellular Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling, including Zn2+ transporters and the Gq-coupled Zn2+ sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39. Significant advances in our understanding of Zn2+ signaling in the normal mammary gland as well as in the context of breast cancer provides new avenues for identification of specific targets for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Moccia C, Haase K. Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip-Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:694218. [PMID: 34249889 PMCID: PMC8261144 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang H, Li H. Prognostic values of tumoral MMP2 and MMP9 overexpression in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 33568081 PMCID: PMC7877076 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in metastasis and are associated with survival in various cancers. The prognostic values of MMP2 and MMP9 expression in BC have been investigated, but the results remain controversial. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis to investigate the associations between MMP2/9 expressions in tumor cells with clinicopathologic features and survival outcome in BC patients. Methods Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang databases. The associations of MMP2/9 overexpression in tumor cells with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The associations of MMP2/9 overexpression with clinicopathological features were investigated by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and analysis for publication bias were performed. Results A total of 41 studies comprising 6517 patients with primary BC were finally included. MMP2 overexpression was associated with an unfavorable OS (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.33 –1.94, P < 0.001) while MMP9 overexpression predicted a shorter OS (HR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.30 –1.77, P < 0.001). MMP2 overexpression conferred a higher risk to distant metastasis (OR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.35–5.39, P = 0.005) and MMP9 overexpression correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.86 – 4.53, P < 0.001). Moreover, MMP2 and MMP9 overexpression were both associated with higher clinical stage and histological grade in BC patients. MMP9 overexpression was more frequent in patients with larger tumor sizes. Conclusions Tumoral MMP2 and MMP9 are promising markers for predicting the prognosis in patients with BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07860-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52nd Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52nd Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novel molecular discovery of promising amidine-based thiazole analogues as potent dual Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and 9 inhibitors: Anticancer activity data with prominent cell cycle arrest and DNA fragmentation analysis effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103992. [PMID: 32554279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole derivatives are known to possess various biological activities such as antiparasitic, antifungal, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important protease target involved in tumor progression including angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and migration. Therefore, MMPs have also been reported as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in many types of cancer. Herein, new aryl thiazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer effects on a panel of cancer cell lines including the invasive MDA-MB-231 line. Some of these compounds showed IC50 values in the submicromolar range in anti-proliferative assays. In order to examine the relationship between their anticancer activity and MMPs targets, the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and 9. That data obtained revealed that most of these compounds were potent dual MMP-2/9 inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. Among these, 2-(1-(2-(2-((E)-4-iodobenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide (4a) was the most potent non-selective dual MMP-2/9 inhibitor with inhibitory concentrations of 56 and 38 nM respectively. When compound 4a was tested in an MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, MCF-7 model, it effectively inhibited tumor growth, strongly induced cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit cell migration, and suppressed cell cycle progression leading to DNA fragmentation. Taken together, the results of our studies indicate that the newly discovered thiazole-based MMP-2/9 inhibitors have significant potential for anticancer treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Maggio F, El-Shakankery KH. Desmoplasia and Biophysics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Can We Learn From Breast Cancer? Pancreas 2020; 49:313-325. [PMID: 32168249 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatments have historically focused on targeting tumor cells directly. However, in pancreatic masses, the stroma encasing the malignant epithelial cells constitutes up to 80% to 90% of the tumor bulk. This extracellular matrix, which was previously neglected when designing cancer therapies, is now considered fundamental for tumor progression and drug delivery. Desmoplastic tissue is extensively cross-linked, resulting in tremendous tensile strength. This key pathological feature is procarcinogenic, linking PDAC and breast cancer (BC). Physical forces exerted onto cellular surfaces are detected intracellularly and transduced via biochemical messengers in a process called mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction and tensional homeostasis are linked, with an integral role in influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and interactions with the immune system. It is essential to enhance our knowledge of these integral elements of parenchymal tumors. We aim to review the topic, with a special emphasis on desmoplastic processes and their importance in pancreatic and BC development and treatments, mindful that innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies cannot focus on biochemical pathways alone. We then focus on common therapeutic targets identified in both PDAC and BC models and/or patients, aiming to understand these treatments and draw similarities between the two tumors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kabir A, Nazeer N, Bissessur R, Ahmed M. Diatoms embedded, self-assembled carriers for dual delivery of chemotherapeutics in cancer cell lines. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118887. [PMID: 31765771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of dual drug delivery to treat relapsing tumors is a well-studied approach to improve the antitumor efficacies and to reduce the side effects of single drug chemotherapeutic treatments. One of the major issues with dual drug delivery to treat drug resistant tumors is the concentration and ratio dependent antagonistic behavior of two drugs, which may reverse the anticancer efficacies of individual chemotherapeutics and stimulate the growth of tumor cells. In this paper, we address this issue by developing diatomaceous earth embedded core shell materials, which are capable of encapsulating two chemotherapeutic drugs at constant molar ratios, in different compartments of a single drug delivery carrier. The encapsulation of each drug in different compartments of delivery carrier (core of diatoms versus shell of cyclodextrin) then controls the release rate of both drugs in situ, and maintains the optimal molar ratios required for their synergistic outcomes in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anayet Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nauman Nazeer
- Faculty of Sustainable Design & Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Rabin Bissessur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada; Faculty of Sustainable Design & Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Śmiłowicz D, Slootweg JC, Metzler-Nolte N. Bioconjugation of Cyclometalated Gold(III) Lipoic Acid Fragments to Linear and Cyclic Breast Cancer Targeting Peptides. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4572-4581. [PMID: 31596097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-targeting peptides (CTPs) are increasingly used in the field of cancer research due to their high affinity and specificity to cell or tissue targets. In the search for novel metal-based drug candidates, our research group is particularly focused on bioconjugates by utilizing peptides to increase the selectivity of cytotoxic organometallic compounds. Motivated by the relatively high cytotoxic activity of gold complexes, such as Auranofin (approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis), for the treatment of various diseases, we anticipated that gold peptide bioconjugates would present interesting candidates for novel breast cancer therapies. For this, we investigate the use of the natural compound lipoic acid (Lpa) as a bioconjugation handle to link Au complexes in the oxidation state +III to peptides using the dithiol moiety. Using this strategy, we have synthesized Au(III) complex bioconjugates linked to the linear LTVSPWY peptide and two cyclic DfKRG and KTTHWGFTLG tumor-targeting peptides. Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was used to prepare the peptides, with lipoic acid introduced N-terminally as a conjugation handle. After peptide cleavage, the metal complex was introduced in solution by first reducing the internal disulfide bond, followed by reaction with Au(ppy)Cl2 (1, ppy: 2-phenyl-pyridine), to yield the Au(III)-Lpa-peptide bioconjugates. The new bioconjugates were successfully synthesized, purified by semi-preparative HPLC, and characterized by ESI-MS. Au(III)-peptide bioconjugates were tested as cytotoxic agents against two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal human fibroblasts cells (GM5657T) and compared to cisplatin, the parent Au(III) dichloride complex, and metal-free peptides. These in vitro data show that the Au(III)-peptide bioconjugate 5, possessing the cyclic integrin-targeting RGD-derived peptide sequence in the structure, exhibits improved activity compared to the parent gold(III) compound Au(ppy)Cl2 (1) as well as to cisplatin or the metal-free peptide. Moreover, the excellent targeting properties of 5 are supported by the fact that a Au(III)-peptide conjugate with the exact same peptide sequence, but a linear rather than the cyclic form of 5 exhibits 10 times lower cytotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr-University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , Bochum 44801 , Germany
| | - Jack C Slootweg
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr-University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , Bochum 44801 , Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr-University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , Bochum 44801 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Galasso G, Di Zazzo E, Medici N, Bilancio A, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. Breast cancer stem cells: The role of sex steroid receptors. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:594-603. [PMID: 31616537 PMCID: PMC6789191 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women, and current available therapies often have high success rates. Nevertheless, BC might acquire drug resistance and sometimes relapse. Current knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC, the so-called “BC stem cells” (BCSCs). The role of BCSCs in cancer formation, growth, invasiveness, therapy resistance and tumor recurrence is becoming increasingly clear. The growth and metastatic properties of BCSCs are regulated by different pathways, which are only partially known. Sex steroid receptors (SSRs), which are involved in BC etiology and progression, promote BCSC proliferation, dedifferentiation and migration. However, in the literature, there is incomplete information about their roles. Particularly, there are contrasting conclusions about the expression and role of the classical BC hormonal biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), together with scant, albeit promising information concerning ER beta (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) properties that control different transduction pathways in BCSCs. In this review, we will discuss the role that SRs expressed in BCSCs play to BC progression and recurrence and how these findings have opened new therapeutic possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Nicola Medici
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antonio Bilancio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dey P, Rathod M, De A. Targeting stem cells in the realm of drug-resistant breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:115-135. [PMID: 30881110 PMCID: PMC6410754 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s189224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its first documentation, breast cancer (BC) has been a conundrum that ails millions of women every year. This cancer has been well studied by researchers all over the world, which has improved the patient outcome significantly. There are many diagnostic markers to identify the disease, but early detection and then subclassification of this cancer remain dubious. Even after the correct diagnosis, more than half the patients come back with a more aggressive and metastatic tumor. The underpinning mechanism that governs the resistance includes over-amplification of receptors, mutations in key gene targets, and activation of different signaling. A plethora of drugs have been devised that have shown promising results in clinical settings. However, in recent times, the role played by cancer stem cells in disease progression and their interaction in mediating the resistance to cellular insults have come into the limelight. As breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are dormant in nature, it is highly likely that they fail to directly respond to the cytotoxic drugs which are meant for ablating rapidly proliferating cells. Furthermore, the absence of well-characterized, drug-able surface markers to date, has limited the application of targeted therapies in complete eradication of the disease. In this review, our intent is to discuss versatile therapeutics in practice followed by discussing the upcoming therapy strategies in the pipeline for BC. Furthermore, we focus on the roles played by BCSCs in mediating the resistance, and therefore, the aspects of new therapeutics against BCSCs under development that may ease the burden in future has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dey
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| | - Maitreyi Rathod
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morgan MA, Schambach A. Engineering CAR-T Cells for Improved Function Against Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2493. [PMID: 30420856 PMCID: PMC6217729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering T cells to create clinically applied chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has led to improved patient outcomes for some forms of hematopoietic malignancies. While this has inspired the biomedical community to develop similar strategies to treat solid tumor patients, challenges such as the immunosuppressive character of the tumor microenvironment, CAR-T cell persistence and trafficking to the tumor seem to limit CAR-T cell efficacy in solid cancers. This review provides an overview of mechanisms that tumors exploit to evade eradication by CAR-T cells as well as emerging approaches that incorporate genetic engineering technologies to improve CAR-T cell activity against solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Morgan
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Porta F, Ehrsam D, Lengerke C, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE. Synthesis and Characterization of PDMS–PMOXA-Based Polymersomes Sensitive to MMP-9 for Application in Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4884-4897. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Porta
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ehrsam
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hingorani DV, Lippert CN, Crisp JL, Savariar EN, Hasselmann JPC, Kuo C, Nguyen QT, Tsien RY, Whitney MA, Ellies LG. Impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activity on wound healing, tumor growth and RACPP cleavage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198464. [PMID: 30248101 PMCID: PMC6152858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2/-9) are key tissue remodeling enzymes that have multiple overlapping activities critical for wound healing and tumor progression in vivo. To overcome issues of redundancy in studying their functions in vivo, we created MMP-2/-9 double knockout (DKO) mice in the C57BL/6 background to examine wound healing. We then bred the DKO mice into the polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) model of breast cancer to analyze the role of these enzymes in tumorigenesis. Breeding analyses indicated that significantly fewer DKO mice were born than predicted by Mendelian genetics and weaned DKO mice were growth compromised compared with wild type (WT) cohorts. Epithelial wound healing was dramatically delayed in adult DKO mice and when the DKO was combined with the PyVmT oncogene, we found that the biologically related process of mammary tumorigenesis was inhibited in a site-specific manner. To further examine the role of MMP-2/-9 in tumor progression, tumor cells derived from WT or DKO PyVmT transgenic tumors were grown in WT or DKO mice. Ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides (RACPPs) previously used to image cancer based on MMP-2/-9 activity were used to understand differences in MMP activity in WT or knockout syngeneic tumors in WT and KO animals. Analysis of an MMP-2 selective RACPP in WT or DKO mice bearing WT and DKO PyVmT tumor cells indicated that the genotype of the tumor cells was more important than the host stromal genotype in promoting MMP-2/-9 activity in the tumors in this model system. Additional complexities were revealed as the recruitment of host macrophages by the tumor cells was found to be the source of the tumor MMP-2/-9 activity and it is evident that MMP-2/-9 from both host and tumor is required for maximum signal using RACPP imaging for detection. We conclude that in the PyVmT model, the majority of MMP-2/-9 activity in mammary tumors is associated with host macrophages recruited into the tumor rather than that produced by the tumor cells themselves. Thus therapies that target tumor-associated macrophage functions have the potential to slow tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina V. Hingorani
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Csilla N. Lippert
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Crisp
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Christopher Kuo
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Quyen T. Nguyen
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Garmon T, Wittling M, Nie S. MMP14 Regulates Cranial Neural Crest Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Migration. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1083-1092. [PMID: 30079980 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest is a vertebrate specific cell population. Induced at lateral borders of the neural plate, neural crest cells (NCCs) subsequently undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to detach from the neuroepithelium before migrating into various locations in the embryo. Despite the wealth of knowledge of transcription factors involved in this process, little is known about the effectors that directly regulate neural crest EMT and migration. RESULTS Here, we examined the activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 in NCCs and found that MMP14 is expressed in both premigratory and migrating NCCs. Overexpression of MMP14 led to premature migration of NCCs, while down-regulation of MMP14 resulted in reduced neural crest migration. Transplantation experiment further showed that MMP14 is required in NCCs, whereas MMP2, which can be activated by MMP14, is required in the surrounding mesenchyme. in vitro explant culture showed that MMP14 is required for neural crest EMT but not for spreading. This is possibly mediated by the changes in cadherin levels, as decreasing MMP14 level led to increased cadherin expression and increasing MMP14 level led to reduced cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that MMP14 is critical for neural crest EMT and migration, partially through regulating the levels of cadherins. Developmental Dynamics 247:1083-1092, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Garmon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megen Wittling
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stromal cells in breast cancer as a potential therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23761-23779. [PMID: 29805773 PMCID: PMC5955086 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer in the United States is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. About 1 in 8 women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime and breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies, researchers have examined the tumor microenvironment as a potential anti-cancer target. In addition to neoplastic cells, the tumor microenvironment is composed of several critical normal cell types, including fibroblasts, vascular and lymph endothelial cells, osteoclasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. These cells have important roles in healthy tissue stasis, which frequently are altered in tumors. Indeed, tumor-associated stromal cells often contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Consequently, these host cells may serve as a possible target in anti-tumor and anti-metastatic therapeutic strategies. Targeting the tumor associated host cells offers the benefit that such cells do not mutate and develop resistance in response to treatment, a major cause of failure in cancer therapeutics targeting neoplastic cells. This review discusses the role of host cells in the tumor microenvironment during tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis, and provides an overview of recent developments in targeting these cell populations to enhance cancer therapy efficacy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zielinska HA, Holly JMP, Bahl A, Perks CM. Inhibition of FASN and ERα signalling during hyperglycaemia-induced matrix-specific EMT promotes breast cancer cell invasion via a caveolin-1-dependent mechanism. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:187-202. [PMID: 29331414 PMCID: PMC5832758 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since disturbed metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes can be critical determinants of breast cancer progression and therapeutic failure, we aimed to determine the mechanism responsible for their pro-oncogenic effects. Using non-invasive, epithelial-like ERα-positive MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cells we found that hyperglycaemia induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key programme responsible for the development of metastatic disease. This was demonstrated by loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin together with increases in mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin and the transcription factor SLUG, together with an enhancement of cell growth and invasion. These phenotypic changes were only observed with cells grown on fibronectin and not with those plated on collagen. Analyzing metabolic parameters, we found that hyperglycaemia-induced, matrix-specific EMT promoted the Warburg effect by upregulating glucose uptake, lactate release and specific glycolytic enzymes and transporters. We showed that silencing of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and the downstream ERα, which we showed previously to mediate hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance in these cells, resulted in suppression of cell growth: however, this also resulted in a dramatic enhancement of cell invasion and SLUG mRNA levels via a novel caveolin-1-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Zielinska
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - J M P Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - A Bahl
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C M Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Foo JB, Low ML, Lim JH, Lor YZ, Zainol Abidin R, Eh Dam V, Abdul Rahman N, Beh CY, Chan LC, How CW, Tor YS, Saiful Yazan L. Copper complex derived from S-benzyldithiocarbazate and 3-acetylcoumarin induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell. Biometals 2018; 31:505-515. [PMID: 29623473 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper complexes have been widely studied for the anti-tumour application as cancer cells are reported to take up greater amounts of copper than normal cells. Preliminary study revealed that the newly synthesised copper complex [Cu(SBCM)2] displayed marked anti-proliferative towards triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Therefore, Cu(SBCM)2 has great potential to be developed as an agent for the management of breast cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate the mode of cell death induced by Cu(SBCM)2 towards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The inhibitory and morphological changes of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with Cu(SBCM)2 was determined by using MTT assay and inverted light microscope, respectively. The safety profile of Cu(SBCM)2 was also evaluated towards human dermal fibroblast (HDF) normal cells. Confirmation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry analysis. The expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and MMP2 protein were detected with western blot analysis. Cu(SBCM)2 significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner with GI50 18.7 ± 3.06 µM. Indeed, Cu(SBCM)2 was less toxic towards HDF normal cells with GI50 31.8 ± 4.0 µM. Morphological study revealed that Cu(SBCM)2-treated MDA-MB-231 cells experienced cellular shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies, suggesting that Cu(SBCM)2 induced apoptosis in the cells, which was confirmed by Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry analysis. It was also found that Cu(SBCM)2 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest towards MDA-MB-231 cells. The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the present study is possibly due to the down-regulation of the mutant p53 and MMP2 protein. In conclusion, Cu(SBCM)2 can be developed as a targeted therapy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia. .,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ji Hui Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Zhi Lor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusyidah Zainol Abidin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vilasini Eh Dam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Napsiah Abdul Rahman
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chaw Yee Beh
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Chin Chan
- Virology Lab 1, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Sim Tor
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yao Q, Choi JH, Dai Z, Wang J, Kim D, Tang X, Zhu L. Improving Tumor Specificity and Anticancer Activity of Dasatinib by Dual-Targeted Polymeric Micelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36642-36654. [PMID: 28960955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve tumor targetability and drug efficacy and decrease drug resistance of dasatinib (DSB), the multifunctional micellar nanoparticles that combined the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive tumor (site) targeting with folate receptor-mediated tumor (cell) targeting were developed. Two major functional polymers, polyethylene glycol (5000 Da)-MMP2-sensitive peptide-phosphoethanolamine (PEG5k-pp-PE) and folic acid-polyethylene glycol (2000 Da)-phosphoethanolamine (FA-PEG2k-PE), were synthesized to construct the dual-targeted micellar nanoparticles (MMP/FR micelles). In the absence of MMP2, the FA was shielded by PEG5k and the MMP/FR micelles showed low bioactivity. In the presence of MMP2, the nanoparticulate structure, stability, and cargo release profile of the MMP/FR micelles were not significantly affected, however, the MMP2-mediated PEG5k deshielding and FA exposure remarkably increased the cellular uptake and anticancer activity of the micelles in the MMP2 and FR expressing (MMP2+/FR+) cells, including multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells, rather than the MMP2- and FR- cells. In the 3D MDR tumor spheroids, the significant MMP2-dependent tissue penetration, uptake and cytotoxicity of the MMP/FR micelles were also observed. Furthermore, in the in vivo biodistribution study, the MMP2 and FR dual targeting strategy could significantly prolong the systemic circulation, decrease the nonspecific distribution in nontumor tissues, and increase the tumor accumulation of the polymeric micelles in a melanoma xenograft mouse model. The MMP2-sensitive FR-targeted micelles might have great potential as a tumor-targeted platform for delivery of molecular targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Wen Hua Road, No. 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , 1010 West Ave. B, MSC 131, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Jong Hoon Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , 1010 West Ave. B, MSC 131, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Zhi Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , 1010 West Ave. B, MSC 131, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , 1010 West Ave. B, MSC 131, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , 1010 West Ave. B, MSC 131, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Wen Hua Road, No. 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , 1010 West Ave. B, MSC 131, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dey G, Bharti R, Ojha PK, Pal I, Rajesh Y, Banerjee I, Banik P, Parida S, Parekh A, Sen R, Mandal M. Therapeutic implication of 'Iturin A' for targeting MD-2/TLR4 complex to overcome angiogenesis and invasion. Cell Signal 2017; 35:24-36. [PMID: 28347875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis and invasion are deregulated biological processes that drive multistage transformation of tumors from a benign to a life-threatening malignant state activating multiple signaling pathways including MD-2/TLR4/NF-κB. Development of potential inhibitors of this signaling is emerging area for discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. In the current investigation, we identified Iturin A (A lipopeptide molecule from Bacillus megaterium) as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and cancer invasion by various in vitro and in vivo methods. Iturin A was found to suppress VEGF, a powerful inducer of angiogenesis and key player in tumor invasion, as confirmed by ELISA, western blot and real time PCR. Iturin A inhibited endothelial tube arrangement, blood capillary formation, endothelial sprouting and vascular growth inside the matrigel. In addition, Iturin A inhibited MMP-2/9 expression in MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC cells. Cancer invasion, migration and colony forming ability were significantly hampered by Iturin A. Expressions of MD-2/TLR4 and its downstream MyD88, IKK-α and NF-κB were also reduced in treated MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence study showed that nuclear accumulation of NF-κB was hampered by Iturin A. MD-2 siRNA or plasmid further confirmed the efficacy of Iturin A by suppressing MD-2/TLR4 signaling pathway. The in silico docking study showed that the Iturin A interacted well with the MD-2 in MD-2/TLR4 receptor complex. Conclusively, inhibition of MD-2/TLR4 complex with Iturin A offered strategic advancement in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Dey
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rashmi Bharti
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ipsita Pal
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Y Rajesh
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Banik
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sheetal Parida
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Aditya Parekh
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gioiella F, Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Brancato V, Netti PA. An Engineered Breast Cancer Model on a Chip to Replicate ECM-Activation In Vitro during Tumor Progression. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:3074-3084. [PMID: 27925458 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new model of breast cancer is proposed featuring both epithelial and stromal tissues arranged on a microfluidic chip. The main task of the work is the in vitro replication of the stromal activation during tumor epithelial invasion. The activation of tumor stroma and its morphological/compositional changes play a key role in tumor progression. Despite emerging evidences, to date the activation of tumor stroma in vitro has not been achieved yet. The tumor-on-chip proposed in this work is built in order to replicate the features of its native counterpart: multicellularity (tumor epithelial cell and stromal cell); 3D engineered stroma compartment composed of cell-assembled extracellular matrix (ECM); reliable 3D tumor architecture. During tumor epithelial invasion the stroma displayed an activation process at both cellular and ECM level. Similarly of what repeated in vivo, ECM remodeling is found in terms of hyaluronic acid and fibronectin overexpression in the stroma compartment. Furthermore, the cell-assembled ECM featuring the stromal tissue, allowed on-line monitoring of collagen remodeling during stroma activation process via real time multiphoton microscopy. Also, trafficking of macromolecules within the stromal compartment has been monitored in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Gioiella
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Virginia Brancato
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shoja MH, Reddy ND, Nayak PG, Biswas S, Srinivasan KK, Rao CM. In vitro mechanistic and in vivo anti-tumor studies of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC against breast cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:159-168. [PMID: 27058632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC (Rutaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatism, cancer, liver disorders, inflammation etc. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed at elucidating the effect of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC on the key markers of apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis, in vitro. The study also evaluated the effect of fractions in vivo in DMBA-induced mammary tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fractions of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC leaf extracts was studied for their effect on apoptotic markers in breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. They were also studied for their effect on metastatic and angiogenic markers, MMP-9 and HIF-1α in MCF-7 cells. The fractions were studied in vivo in DMBA-induced mammary tumor model in Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS The studies showed that the fractions induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through the intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The fractions were also able to inhibit the metastatic and angiogenic markers, MMP-9 and HIF-1α. Anti-tumor studies in DMBA-induced mammary model in Sprague Dawley rats also showed favorable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Shoja
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Neetinkumar D Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Pawan G Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - K K Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology and Management, Bantakal, Udupi 574115, Karnataka, India.
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hematopoietic stem cell-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts are novel contributors to the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Neoplasia 2016; 17:434-48. [PMID: 26025666 PMCID: PMC4468366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment is critical toward improving the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant cell types of the tumor microenvironment, playing an important role in tumor progression. Multiple origins for CAFs have been proposed including resident fibroblasts, adipocytes, and bone marrow. Our laboratory previously identified a novel hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin for CAFs; however, the functional roles of HSC-derived CAFs (HSC-CAFs) in tumor progression have not yet been examined. To test the hypothesis that HSC-CAFs promote tumor progression through contribution to extracellular matrix (ECM) and paracrine production of pro-angiogenic factors, we developed a method to isolate HSC-CAFs. HSC-CAFs were profiled on the basis of their expression of hematopoietic and fibroblastic markers in two murine tumor models. Profiling revealed production of factors associated with ECM deposition and remodeling. Functional in vivo studies showed that co-injection of HSC-CAFs with tumor cells resulted in increased tumor growth rate and significantly larger tumors than tumor cells alone. Immunohistochemical studies revealed increased blood vessel density with co-injection, demonstrating a role for HSC-CAFs in tumor vascularization. Mechanistic in vitro studies indicated that HSC-CAFs play a role in producing vascular endothelial growth factor A and transforming growth factor–β1 in endothelial tube formation and patterning. In vitro and in vivo findings suggest that HSC-CAFs are a critical component of the tumor microenvironment and suggest that targeting the novel HSC-CAF may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wailes EM, Levi-Polyachenko NH. Multi-walled nanotubes for cellular reprogramming of cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:955-963. [PMID: 26733259 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Triple negative breast cancer is exceptionally difficult to treat due to the lack of distinguishing biomarkers for drug targeting. An alternative approach based on recent data indicates that these cells may be more susceptible to mechanical influences, such as alterations in the tumor stroma. Three dimensional collagen gels containing co-cultures of mesenchymal cells and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells were utilized to explore the effects of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) on cell contraction, invasion, viability, MMP-9 expression, and migration of breast cancer cells. MWNT were able to restrict each of these features for the cancer cells without impeding the associated mesenchymal cells. MWNT-collagen gels are useful tools for cellular reprogramming of cancer cells and should be considered in greater detail as a potential agent for therapeutic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Breast cancer is still a leading cause of death for women worldwide. One subtype of this cancer which is very aggressive is the triple negative breast cancer. The behavior of tumors may be affected by the tumor stromal environment. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) on tumor cell biology. The positive findings may point a new way in using this modality for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Wailes
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicole H Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Nguyen N, Colditz GA. Links between alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a look at the evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:65-77. [PMID: 25581056 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption by adult women is consistently associated with risk of breast cancer. Several questions regarding alcohol and breast cancer need to be addressed. Menarche to first pregnancy represents a window of time when breast tissue is particularly susceptible to carcinogens. Youth alcohol consumption is common in the USA, largely in the form of binge drinking and heavy drinking. Whether alcohol intake acts early in the process of breast tumorigenesis is unclear. This review aims to focus on the influences of timing and patterns of alcohol consumption and the effect of alcohol on intermediate risk markers. We also review possible mechanisms underlying the alcohol-breast cancer association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fang J, Xiao L, Joo KI, Liu Y, Zhang C, Liu S, Conti PS, Li Z, Wang P. A potent immunotoxin targeting fibroblast activation protein for treatment of breast cancer in mice. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1013-23. [PMID: 26334777 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in the tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) of most human epithelial cancers. FAP plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which makes it a promising target for novel anticancer therapy. However, mere abrogation of FAP enzymatic activity by small molecules is not very effective in inhibiting tumor growth. In this study, we have evaluated a novel immune-based approach to specifically deplete FAP-expressing TAFs in a mouse 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model. Depletion of FAP-positive stromal cells by FAP-targeting immunotoxin αFAP-PE38 altered levels of various growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases, decreased the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and suppressed tumor growth. In addition, combined treatment with αFAP-PE38 and paclitaxel potently inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Our findings highlight the potential use of immunotoxin αFAP-PE38 to deplete FAP-expressing TAFs and thus provide a rationale for the use of this immunotoxin in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Fang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Liang Xiao
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kye-Il Joo
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yarong Liu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chupei Zhang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shuanglong Liu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter S Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zibo Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tu Y, Zhu L. Enhancing cancer targeting and anticancer activity by a stimulus-sensitive multifunctional polymer-drug conjugate. J Control Release 2015; 212:94-102. [PMID: 26113423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Undesirable physicochemical properties, low tumor targeting, insufficient cell internalization, acquired drug resistance, and severe side effects significantly limit the applications of anticancer drugs. In this study, to improve the tumor targeting and drug efficacy of the poorly water-soluble drug, doxorubicin (DOX), a novel drug delivery platform (PEG-ppTAT-DOX) was developed, which contained a polyethylene glycol (PEG), a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive peptide linker (pp), a cell penetrating peptide (TAT), and a model drug (doxorubicin). The prepared drug platform possessed several key features, including: (i) the nanoparticle formation via the self-assembly; (ii) prevention of the non-specific interaction via the PEGylation; (iii) tumor targeting via the MMP2-mediated PEG deshielding and exposure of the TAT; (iv) the TAT-mediated cell internalization; (v) the TAT-induced endosomal escape; (vi) the inhibition of P-glycoprotein mediated drug efflux; and (vii) the TAT-medicated nuclear translocation. These cooperative functions ensured the improved tumor targetability, enhanced tumor cell internalization, improved intracellular distribution, and potentiated anticancer activity. Compared to the multi-component nanocarriers, the proposed simple but multifunctional polymer-drug conjugate might have greater potential for tumor-targeted drug delivery and enhanced chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Grimm S, Jennek S, Singh R, Enkelmann A, Junker K, Rippaus N, Berndt A, Friedrich K. Malignancy of bladder cancer cells is enhanced by tumor-associated fibroblasts through a multifaceted cytokine-chemokine loop. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:1-11. [PMID: 25911129 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of tumor cells is critically involved in tumor development and progression. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) represent a major constituent of the tumor stroma. Tumor cells are operative in the activation of TAFs, whereas TAFs in turn contribute to tumor cell malignancy. This report describes mechanisms of communication between fibroblasts and urinary bladder cancer (UBC) cells. Migration of bladder cancer cell lines RT112 and Cal-29, representing two different grades of dedifferentiation, was enhanced by cocultivation with TAFs. Conditioned medium from tumor cells induced the release of interleukin (IL)-8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 by TAFs. Tumor cell-derived IL-1α was identified as a major mediator of these stimulatory effects. Fibroblasts, on the other hand, exerted a migration and invasion stimulating influence on UBC cells. MCP-1 and HGF were shown to promote cell migration of both bladder cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grimm
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Jennek
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | - Rajan Singh
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Junker
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Urology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nora Rippaus
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yufang Z, Cen C, Xiu W, Panpan G, Xinyu Z, Zhiqiang Y, Jing A. HBCD and PCBs enhance the cell migration and invasion of HepG2 via the PI3 K/Akt pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been proved to result in diversified toxicity, including cancerogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yufang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Cen
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Panpan
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Zhang Xinyu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhiqiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - An Jing
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Recognition of Streptococcus pneumoniae and muramyl dipeptide by NOD2 results in potent induction of MMP-9, which can be controlled by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Infect Immun 2014; 82:4952-8. [PMID: 25183734 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02150-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) is a protease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix collagen. Evidence suggests that MMP-9 is involved in pathogenesis during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. However, not much is known about the induction of MMP-9 and the regulatory processes involved. We show here that the Gram-positive bacteria used in this study induced large amounts of MMP-9, in contrast to the Gram-negative bacteria that were used. An important pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) for Gram-positive bacteria is muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MDP is a very potent inducer of MMP-9 and showed a dose-dependent MMP-9 induction. Experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Crohn's disease patients with nonfunctional NOD2 showed that MMP-9 induction by Streptococcus pneumoniae and MDP is NOD2 dependent. Increasing amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important PAMP for Gram-negative bacteria, resulted in decreasing amounts of MMP-9. Moreover, the induction of MMP-9 by MDP could be counteracted by simultaneously adding LPS. The inhibition of MMP-9 expression by LPS was found to be regulated posttranscriptionally, independently of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9. Collectively, these data show that Streptococcus pneumoniae is able to induce large amounts of MMP-9. These high MMP-9 levels are potentially involved in Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang X, Bresee J, Fields GB, Edwards WB. Near-infrared triple-helical peptide with quenched fluorophores for optical imaging of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteolytic activity in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3786-3790. [PMID: 25047578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gelatinase members of the MMP family have consistently been associated with tumor invasiveness, which make them an attractive target for molecular imaging. We report new activatable proteolytic optical imaging agents that consist of triple-helical peptide (THP) conjugates, with high specificity to the gelatinases, bearing quenched cypate dyes. With quenching efficiencies up to 51%, the amplified fluorescence signal upon cypate3-THP hydrolysis by the gelatinases (kcat/KM values of 6.4×10(3) M(-1) s(-1) to 9.1×10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) in mice bearing human fibrosarcoma xenografted tumors was monitored with fluorescence molecular tomography. There was significant fluorescence enhancement within the tumor and this enhancement was reduced by treatment with pan-MMP inhibitor, Ilomastat. These data, combined with the gelatinase substrate specificity observed in vitro, indicated the observed fluorescence at the site of the tumor was due to gelatinase mediated hydrolysis of cypate3-THP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jamee Bresee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - W Barry Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Min KW, Kim DH, Do SI, Kim K, Lee HJ, Chae SW, Sohn JH, Pyo JS, Oh YH, Kim WS, Lee SY, Oh S, Choi SH, Park YL, Park CH. Expression patterns of stromal MMP-2 and tumoural MMP-2 and -9 are significant prognostic factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. APMIS 2014; 122:1196-206. [PMID: 24909183 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are matrix-degrading enzymes that play a pivotal role in aggressive behaviours, such as rapid tumour growth, invasion, and metastasis, of several types of solid tumours. In particular, stromal MMP-2 plays important roles in the progression of malignant tumours, but most clinical studies have focused on tumoural MMP-2 and -9 expression, and not stromal MMP-2 expression. One hundred and seventy-seven cases diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast between 2000 and 2005 were included in this study. Expressions of tumoural MMP-2 and -9 and stromal MMP-2 were analysed by immunostaining on a tissue microarray. Subsequently, the associations between those results and various clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Stromal MMP-2 expression correlated significantly with clinicopathological parameters such as advanced T category, larger tumour size, high histological grade, tumour necrosis, ER- and PR-negative, and HER-2-positive (all p < 0.05). In univariate and multivariate analyses, overall survival was linked with stromal MMP-2 expression as well as dual expression of stromal MMP-2 and tumoural MMP-2 and -9 (all p < 0.05). Stromal MMP-2 expression may play a crucial role in predicting aggressive clinical behaviour in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rajmohan G, Admane P, Anish C, Panda AK. Fusion and Self-Assembly of Biodegradable Polymer Particles into Scaffoldlike and Membranelike Structures at Room Temperature for Regenerative Medicine. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2190-202. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500106u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Rajmohan
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| | - Prasad Admane
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| | - Amulya K. Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Geng SQ, Alexandrou AT, Li JJ. Breast cancer stem cells: Multiple capacities in tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett 2014; 349:1-7. [PMID: 24727284 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that the local recurrent and/or distant metastatic tumors, the major causes of lethality in the clinic, are related to the aggressive phenotype of a small fraction of cancer cells loosely termed as cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor initiating cells (TICs), or cancer metastasis-initiating cells (CMICs). Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are shown to exhibit unique growth abilities including self-renewal, differentiation potential, and resistance to most anti-cancer agents including chemo- and/or radiotherapy, all of which are believed to contribute to the development and overall aggressiveness of the recurrent or metastatic lesions. It is in the urgent need not only to further define the nature of heterogeneity in each tumor but also to characterize the precise mechanisms governing tumor-host cross-talk which is assumed to be initiated by BCSCs. In this review, we will focus on recently identified key factors, including the BCSCs among circulating tumor cells, interaction of BCSCs with the host, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenvironment, the intrinsic resistance due to HER2 expression, potential biomarkers of BCSCs and cancer cell immune signaling. We believe that new evidence coming from both bench and clinical research will help to develop more effective approaches to control or significantly reduce the aggressiveness of metastatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qing Geng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Aris T Alexandrou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer is no longer viewed mostly as a disease of abnormally proliferating epithelial cells, but rather as a disease affecting the complex interactions between the cells of the prostate epithelial compartment and the surrounding stromal compartment in which they live. Indeed, the microenvironment in which tumor cells evolve towards an aggressive phenotype is highly heterogeneous, as it is composed of different cell populations such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes, either resident or trans-differentiated by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells recruited at the tumor site. Cancer-associated fibroblasts, the most abundant population within this microenvironment, exert a mandatory role in prostate cancer progression as they metabolically sustain cancer cell survival and growth, recruit inflammatory and immune cells, and promote cancer cells stemness and epithelial mesenchymal transition, thereby favoring metastatic dissemination of aggressive cancers. The interruption of this two-compartment crosstalk, together with the idea that stromal cells are mostly vulnerable, being drug-sensitive, could lead to the development of anticancer therapies that target tumor stromal elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Chiarugi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Deb G, Thakur VS, Limaye AM, Gupta S. Epigenetic induction of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 by green tea polyphenols in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:485-99. [PMID: 24481780 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic silencing of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) gene that negatively regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. In the present study, we demonstrate that green tea polyphenols (GTP) and its major constituent, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) mediate epigenetic induction of TIMP-3 levels and play a key role in suppressing invasiveness and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer cells. Treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with 20 µM EGCG and 10 µg/mL GTP for 72 h significantly induces TIMP-3 mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, investigations into the molecular mechanism revealed that TIMP-3 repression in breast cancer cells is mediated by epigenetic silencing mechanism(s) involving increased activity of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), independent of promoter DNA hypermethylation. Treatment of breast cancer cells with GTP and EGCG significantly reduced EZH2 and class I HDAC protein levels. Furthermore, transcriptional activation of TIMP-3 was found to be associated with decreased EZH2 localization and H3K27 trimethylation enrichment at the TIMP-3 promoter with a concomitant increase in histone H3K9/18 acetylation. Our findings highlight TIMP-3 induction as a key epigenetic event modulated by GTPs in restoring the MMP:TIMP balance to delay breast cancer progression and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Deb
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
In Vivo Investigation of Hybrid Paclitaxel Nanocrystals with Dual Fluorescent Probes for Cancer Theranostics. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1450-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Batra J, Robinson J, Mehner C, Hockla A, Miller E, Radisky DC, Radisky ES. PEGylation extends circulation half-life while preserving in vitro and in vivo activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). PLoS One 2012; 7:e50028. [PMID: 23185522 PMCID: PMC3502186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contributes to the development of arthritis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer progression, implicating these enzymes as therapeutic targets. While many small molecule inhibitors of MMPs have been developed, clinical uses have been limited, in part by toxicity and off-target effects. Development of the endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as recombinant biopharmaceuticals represents an alternative therapeutic approach; however, the short plasma half-life of recombinant TIMPs has restricted their potential in this arena. To overcome this limitation, we have modified recombinant human TIMP-1 (rhTIMP-1) by PEGylation on lysine residues. We analyzed a mixture of mono- and di-PEGylated rhTIMP-1 species modified by attachment of 20 kDa mPEG chains (PEG(20K)-TIMP-1), as confirmed by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This preparation retained complete inhibitory activity toward the MMP-3 catalytic domain and partial inhibitory activity toward full length MMP-9. Pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that PEGylation extended the plasma half-life of rhTIMP-1 in mice from 1.1 h to 28 h. In biological assays, PEG(20K)-TIMP-1 inhibited both MMP-dependent cancer cell invasion and tumor cell associated gelatinase activity. Overall these results suggest that PEGylated TIMP-1 exhibits improved potential for development as an anti-cancer recombinant protein therapeutic, and additionally may offer potential for clinical applications in the treatment of other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotica Batra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jessica Robinson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christine Mehner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Hockla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Derek C. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Evette S. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang J, Liu J. Tumor stroma as targets for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:200-15. [PMID: 23064233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is not only composed malignant epithelial component but also stromal components such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, by which an appropriate tumor microenvironment (TME) is formed to promote tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. As the most abundant component in the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in multifaceted mechanistic details including remodeling the extracellular matrix, suppressing immune responses, and secreting growth factors and cytokines that mediate signaling pathways to extensively affect tumor cell growth and invasiveness, differentiation, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammatory milieu. Today, more and more therapeutic strategies are purposefully designed to target the TME as well as tumor cells. This review will focus on the role of CAFs in tumor development and the novel strategies to target this component to inhibit the tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Han C, Shen J, Wang H, Yu L, Qian X, Liu B, Guan W. Personalized primary tumor xenograft model established for the pre-clinical trial to guide postoperative chemotherapy. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:705-8. [PMID: 23010155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite of the fact that a large amount of therapeutic agents have been developed for cancer treatment, we are still sometimes in a dilemma of choosing a most effective regimen for individual. With the reference of several recent researches, positive clinical correlations have been identified with primary tumor xenografts models, but limitations in existed models reveals a need for improvement. Over the past decade, conceptual progress has been made that tumors had increasingly been recognized as organs in which ostensibly normal cells as well as cancer cells participate actively in tumorigenesis by creating the "tumor microenvironment". Herein, we propose a hypothesis based on this novel conception that if transplanted as an organ, tumor implantation in nude mice would conserve most approximated biological traits with improved success rate, which make personalized tumor xenograft model practical for pre-clinical trials as substitutes for each patient. In our pilot study, intact tumor bloc was applied in implantation to evaluate this notion. As a result, 107 xenografts from all 20 patients of gastric cancer were transplanted successfully. Pathological comparison confirmed that no differences between xenografts and primary tumors while the therapeutic response to two chemotherapeutic agents, docetaxel and pemetrexed, exhibited differently. In conclusion, applying personalized primary tumor xenograft model derived from freshly excised tumor in pre-clinic trails would potentially lead to a more effective customized chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Han
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|