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Cardoso FC, Marliac MA, Geoffroy C, Schmit M, Bispat A, Lewis RJ, Tuck KL, Duggan PJ. The neuronal calcium ion channel activity of constrained analogues of MONIRO-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2
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Mokesch S, Cseh K, Geisler H, Hejl M, Klose MHM, Roller A, Meier-Menches SM, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Investigations on the Anticancer Potential of Benzothiazole-Based Metallacycles. Front Chem 2020; 8:209. [PMID: 32318543 PMCID: PMC7147246 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives and their corresponding organometallic ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes were synthesized, designed to exploit both, the attributes of the half-sandwich transition metal scaffold and the bioactivity spectrum of the applied 2-phenylbenzothiazoles. All synthesized compounds were characterized via standard analytical methods. The obtained organometallics showed antiproliferative activity in the low μM range and are thus at least an order of magnitude more potent than the free ligands. ESI-MS measurements showed that the examined compounds were stable in aqueous solution over 48 h. Additionally, their binding preferences to small biomolecules, their cellular accumulation and capacity of inducing apoptosis/necrosis were investigated. Based on the fluorescence properties of the selected ligand and the corresponding ruthenium complex, their subcellular distribution was studied by fluorescence microscopy, revealing a high degree of colocalization with acidic organelles of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Mokesch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Geisler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Sairaman A, Cardoso FC, Bispat A, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL. Synthesis and evaluation of aminobenzothiazoles as blockers of N- and T-type calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3046-3059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Venugopala KN, Khedr MA, Pillay M, Nayak SK, Chandrashekharappa S, Aldhubiab BE, Harsha S, Attimard M, Odhav B. Benzothiazole analogs as potential anti-TB agents: computational input and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1830-1842. [PMID: 29697293 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1470035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biotin is very important for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 7,8-Diamino pelargonic acid aminotransaminase (DAPA) is a transaminase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biotin. The benzothiazole title compounds were investigated for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity against two tubercular strains: H37Rv (ATCC 25,177) and MDR-MTB (multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis, resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol) by an agar incorporation method. The possible binding mode and predicted affinity were computed using a molecular docking study. Among the synthesized compounds in the series, the title compound {2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-methoxy)-5-fluorophenyl}-(4-chlorophenyl)-methanone was found to exhibit significant activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL against H37Rv and MDR-MTB, respectively; this compound showed the highest binding affinity (-24.75 kcal/mol) as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharigatta N Venugopala
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy , King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , 31982 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology , Durban University of Technology , Durban , 4001 , South Africa
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy , King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , 31982 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Helwan University , Ein Helwan, Cairo , 11795 , Egypt
| | - Melendhran Pillay
- d Department of Microbiology , National Health Laboratory Services, KZN Academic Complex, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital , Durban , 4001 , South Africa
| | - Susanta K Nayak
- e Department of Chemistry , Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur , Maharashtra , 440010 , India
| | - Sandeep Chandrashekharappa
- f Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , NCBS, TIFR, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore , 560 065 , India
| | - Bandar E Aldhubiab
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy , King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , 31982 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sree Harsha
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy , King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , 31982 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimard
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy , King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , 31982 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bharti Odhav
- b Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology , Durban University of Technology , Durban , 4001 , South Africa
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5
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Molecular Engineering of Conus Peptides as Therapeutic Leads. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:229-254. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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7
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Harjani JR, Yap BK, Leung EWW, Lucke A, Nicholson SE, Scanlon MJ, Chalmers DK, Thompson PE, Norton RS, Baell JB. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Cyclic Peptidomimetics of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Binding Epitope That Disrupt the Protein–Protein Interaction Involving SPRY Domain-Containing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Box Protein (SPSB) 2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5799-809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra R. Harjani
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Beow Keat Yap
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Eleanor W. W. Leung
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Lucke
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Martin J. Scanlon
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K. Chalmers
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philip E. Thompson
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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8
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S. Mohamed K, M. Refat H, A. H. Mohamed N. Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel Pyrazole, Pyrimidine and Isoxazoloe Drivatives Containing Benzothiazole Moiety. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Bioactive Mimetics of Conotoxins and other Venom Peptides. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4175-98. [PMID: 26501323 PMCID: PMC4626728 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziconotide (Prialt®), a synthetic version of the peptide ω-conotoxin MVIIA found in the venom of a fish-hunting marine cone snail Conus magnus, is one of very few drugs effective in the treatment of intractable chronic pain. However, its intrathecal mode of delivery and narrow therapeutic window cause complications for patients. This review will summarize progress in the development of small molecule, non-peptidic mimics of Conotoxins and a small number of other venom peptides. This will include a description of how some of the initially designed mimics have been modified to improve their drug-like properties.
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Gleeson EC, Graham JE, Spiller S, Vetter I, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL. Inhibition of N-type calcium channels by fluorophenoxyanilide derivatives. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2030-45. [PMID: 25871286 PMCID: PMC4413198 DOI: 10.3390/md13042030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of fluorophenoxyanilides, designed to be simplified analogues of previously reported ω-conotoxin GVIA mimetics, were prepared and tested for N-type calcium channel inhibition in a SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma FLIPR assay. N-type or Cav2.2 channel is a validated target for the treatment of refractory chronic pain. Despite being significantly less complex than the originally designed mimetics, up to a seven-fold improvement in activity was observed.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/chemistry
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/metabolism
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Anilides/chemical synthesis
- Anilides/chemistry
- Anilides/metabolism
- Anilides/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Calcium Channel Blockers/chemical synthesis
- Calcium Channel Blockers/chemistry
- Calcium Channel Blockers/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/chemistry
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Design
- Fluorobenzenes/chemical synthesis
- Fluorobenzenes/chemistry
- Fluorobenzenes/metabolism
- Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Humans
- Molecular Structure
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurotoxins/chemistry
- Pain, Intractable/drug therapy
- Pain, Intractable/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/chemistry
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/metabolism
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Gleeson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Janease E Graham
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Sandro Spiller
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Peter J Duggan
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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11
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Jetti V, Chidurala P, Pagadala R, Meshram JS, Ramakrishna C. Ultrasound-Assisted One-pot Synthesis of Bis-azetidinones in the Presence of Zeolite. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwarlu Jetti
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University; Nagpur 440033 Maharashtra India
| | - Praveen Chidurala
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University; Nagpur 440033 Maharashtra India
| | - Ramakanth Pagadala
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University; Nagpur 440033 Maharashtra India
| | - Jyotsna S. Meshram
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University; Nagpur 440033 Maharashtra India
| | - Chowdam Ramakrishna
- Synthetic and Analytical Laboratory; Defence R&D Establishment; Nagpur 440001 Maharashtra India
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12
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Taşal E, Kumalar M. FT-IR, HF and DFT structural, vibrational analysis of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 124:687-696. [PMID: 24529346 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The optimized molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, atomic charges, dipole moment, rotational constants and several thermodynamic parameters of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one (abbreviated as CEOT) molecule in the ground state were calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional B3LYP methods (DFT) with 6-311++G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-31G(d,p) basis sets. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of CEOT has been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1). The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated and the scaled values have been compared with experimental FT-IR spectrum. Energy gap of the molecule was found using HOMO and LUMO calculation, hence the less band gap, which seems to be more stable. The observed and calculated vibrational frequencies are found to be in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Taşal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Kumalar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey
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13
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Brady RM, Vom A, Roy MJ, Toovey N, Smith BJ, Moss RM, Hatzis E, Huang DCS, Parisot JP, Yang H, Street IP, Colman PM, Czabotar PE, Baell JB, Lessene G. De-novo designed library of benzoylureas as inhibitors of BCL-XL: synthesis, structural and biochemical characterization. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1323-43. [PMID: 24456288 DOI: 10.1021/jm401948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prosurvival BCL-2 proteins are attractive yet challenging targets for medicinal chemists. Their involvement in the initiation and progression of many, if not all, tumors makes them prime targets for developing new anticancer therapies. We present our approach based on de novo structure-based drug design. Using known structural information from complexes engaging opposing members of the BCL-2 family of proteins, we designed peptidomimetic compounds using a benzoylurea scaffold to reproduce key interactions between these proteins. A library stemming from the initial de novo designed scaffold led to the discovery of ligands with low micromolar potency (KD = 4 μM) and selectivity for BCL-XL. These compounds bind in the canonical BH3 binding groove in a binding mode distinct from previously known BCL-2 inhibitors. The results of our study provide insight into the design of a new class of antagonists targeting a challenging class of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Brady
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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14
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Lee MS. Recent Progress in the Discovery and Development of N-Type Calcium Channel Modulators for the Treatment of Pain. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 53:147-86. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63380-4.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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De novo design and synthesis of a μ-conotoxin KIIIA peptidomimetic. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4892-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Strategies for the development of conotoxins as new therapeutic leads. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2293-313. [PMID: 23812174 PMCID: PMC3736424 DOI: 10.3390/md11072293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide toxins typically bind to their target ion channels or receptors with high potency and selectivity, making them attractive leads for therapeutic development. In some cases the native peptide as it is found in the venom from which it originates can be used directly, but in many instances it is desirable to truncate and/or stabilize the peptide to improve its therapeutic properties. A complementary strategy is to display the key residues that make up the pharmacophore of the peptide toxin on a non-peptidic scaffold, thereby creating a peptidomimetic. This review exemplifies these approaches with peptide toxins from marine organisms, with a particular focus on conotoxins.
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Vink S, Alewood PF. Targeting voltage-gated calcium channels: developments in peptide and small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:970-89. [PMID: 22725651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of people worldwide and places a large economic and social burden on society. Despite the availability of a range of analgesics, this condition is inadequately treated, with complete alleviation of symptoms rarely occurring. In the past 30 years, the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) have been recognized as potential targets for analgesic development. Although the majority of the research has been focused on Ca(v) 2.2 in particular, other VGCC subtypes such as Ca(v) 3.2 have recently come to the forefront of analgesic research. Venom peptides from marine cone snails have been proven to be a valuable tool in neuroscience, playing a major role in the identification and characterization of VGCC subtypes and producing the first conotoxin-based drug on the market, the ω-conotoxin, ziconotide. This peptide potently and selectively inhibits Ca(v) 2.2, resulting in analgesia in chronic pain states. However, this drug is only available via intrathecal administration, and adverse effects and a narrow therapeutic window have limited its use in the clinic. Other Ca(v) 2.2 inhibitors are currently in development and offer the promise of an improved route of administration and safety profile. This review assesses the potential of targeting VGCCs for analgesic development, with a main focus on conotoxins that block Ca(v) 2.2 and the developments made to transform them into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vink
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Venomous animals use a highly complex cocktails of proteins, peptides and small molecules to subdue and kill their prey. As such, venoms represent highly valuable combinatorial peptide libraries, displaying an extensive range of pharmacological activities, honed by natural selection. Modern analytical technologies enable us to take full advantage of this vast pharmacological cornucopia in the hunt for novel drug leads. Spider venoms represent a resource of several million peptides, which selectively target specific subtypes of ion channels. Structure-function studies of spider toxins are leading not only to the discovery of novel molecules, but also to novel therapeutic routes for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neuromuscular diseases, pain and to a variety of other pathological conditions. This review presents an overview of spider peptide toxins as candidates for therapeutics and focuses on their applications in the discovery of novel mechanisms of analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Escoubas
- University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC) - CNRS UMR6097, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France +33 04 93 95 77 35 ; +33 04 93 95 77 08 ;
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19
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Divya PS, Jain K, Sobhia ME. From peptides to peptidomimetics: rational design of potential PKC-β II inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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In silico design of peptidomimetics for PKC-β II inhibition: perspectives for diabetic cardiomyopathy therapy. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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ω-Conotoxin GVIA mimetics that bind and inhibit neuronal Ca(v)2.2 ion channels. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2349-2368. [PMID: 23170089 PMCID: PMC3497028 DOI: 10.3390/md10102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal voltage-gated N-type calcium channel (Cav2.2) is a validated target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. A small library of anthranilamide-derived ω-Conotoxin GVIA mimetics bearing the diphenylmethylpiperazine moiety were prepared and tested using three experimental measures of calcium channel blockade. These consisted of a 125I-ω-conotoxin GVIA displacement assay, a fluorescence-based calcium response assay with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and a whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology assay with HEK293 cells stably expressing human Cav2.2 channels. A subset of compounds were active in all three assays. This is the first time that compounds designed to be mimics of ω-conotoxin GVIA and found to be active in the 125I-ω-conotoxin GVIA displacement assay have also been shown to block functional ion channels in a dose-dependent manner.
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22
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Bingham JP, Andrews EA, Kiyabu SM, Cabalteja CC. Drugs from slugs. Part II--conopeptide bioengineering. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:92-113. [PMID: 23063744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological transformation of toxins as research probes, or as pharmaceutical drug leads, is an onerous and drawn out process. Issues regarding changes to pharmacological specificity, desired potency, and bioavailability are compounded naturally by their inherent toxicity. These often scuttle their progress as they move up the narrowing drug development pipeline. Yet one class of peptide toxins, from the genus Conus, has in many ways spearheaded the expansion of new peptide bioengineering techniques to aid peptide toxin pharmaceutical development. What has now emerged is the sequential bioengineering of new research probes and drug leads that owe their lineage to these highly potent and isoform specific peptides. Here we discuss the progressive bioengineering steps that many conopeptides have transitioned through, and specifically illustrate some of the biochemical approaches that have been established to maximize their biological research potential and pharmaceutical worth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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23
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Taşal E, Kumalar M. Ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional theory investigations on the conformational stability, molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one drug molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 95:282-299. [PMID: 22659673 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the experimental and theoretical spectra of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one molecule (abbreviated as 5CMOT) are studied. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies are calculated in the ground state of molecule using ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Function Theory (DFT) methods with 6-311++G(d,p), 6-31G++(d,p), 6-31G(d,p), 6-31G(d) and 6-31G basis sets. Three staggered stable conformers were observed on the torsional potential energy surfaces. The complete assignments were performed on the basis of the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes calculated. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental geometries of the title compound indicated that the X-ray parameters fairly well agree with the theoretically obtained values for the most stable conformer. The theoretical results showed an excellent agreement with the experimental values. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Taşal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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24
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Racané L, Kraljević Pavelić S, Ratkaj I, Stepanić V, Pavelić K, Tralić-Kulenović V, Karminski-Zamola G. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some new amidino-substituted bis-benzothiazolyl-pyridines and pyrazine. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:108-16. [PMID: 22841279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel diamidino substituted conformationally restricted derivatives of bis-benzothiazolyl-pyridines and pyrazine were synthesized and their antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines were determinated. The synthetic approach used for preparation of isomeric amidinobenzotiazolyl disubstituted pyridines 3a-3k and pyrazine 3l was achieved by condenzation reaction of commercially available pyridine and pyrazine dicarboxylic acids with amidino- 2a and 2-imidazolinyl-substituted 2-aminothiophenol 2b in polyphosphoric acid in moderate to good yield. The condenzation reaction was greatly optimized. The targeted compounds were converted in the desired water soluble dihydrochloride salts by reaction of appropriate free base with concd HCl in ethanol or acetic acid. Antiproliferative assays revealed significant differences in antiproliferative activities of diamidino- and diimidazolinyl-derivatives, the latter exerting stronger concentration-dependent antiproliferative effects on tested tumor cell lines and thus being a prominent compound class for further chemical optimization and biological studies. Biological studies on SW620 cell line and BJ fibroblasts performed for the diimidazolinyl-derivative 3b revealed oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of antiproliferative action and predicted antineoplastic properties for this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, baruna Filipovića 28a 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Racané L, Tralić-Kulenović V, Kraljević Pavelić S, Ratkaj I, Peixoto P, Nhili R, Depauw S, Hildebrand MP, David-Cordonnier MH, Pavelić K, Karminski-Zamola G. Novel diamidino-substituted derivatives of phenyl benzothiazolyl and dibenzothiazolyl furans and thiophenes: synthesis, antiproliferative and DNA binding properties. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2418-32. [PMID: 20170096 DOI: 10.1021/jm901441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of new diamidino-, diisopropylamidino-, and diimidazolinyl-substituted derivatives of phenyl benzothiazolyl and dibenzothiazolyl furans and thiophenes were successfully prepared and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on tumor cell lines in vitro, DNA binding propensity, and sequence selectivity as well as cellular distribution. A strong antiproliferative effect of the tested compounds was observed on all tested cell lines in a concentration-dependent response pattern. In general, imidazolinyl-substituted derivatives and/or the thiophene core were in correlation with increased antiproliferative activity. Two compounds (2b and 3b) were chosen for biological studies due to their differential antiproliferative properties. The DNA binding properties of this new series of compounds were assessed and evidenced their efficient minor groove binding properties with preferential interaction at AT-rich sites. Both compounds also present nuclear subcellular localization, suggesting that their cellular mode of action implies localization in the DNA compartment and direct inhibition of DNA replication and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Baruna Filipovića 28a 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Norton RS. Mu-conotoxins as leads in the development of new analgesics. Molecules 2010; 15:2825-44. [PMID: 20428082 PMCID: PMC6257286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) contain a specific binding site for a family of cone shell toxins known as mu-conotoxins. As some VGSCs are involved in pain perception and mu-conotoxins are able to block these channels, mu-conotoxins show considerable potential as analgesics. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the three-dimensional structures and structure-function relationships of the mu-conotoxins, including their interaction with VGSCs. Truncated peptide analogues of the native toxins have been created in which secondary structure elements are stabilized by non-native linkers such as lactam bridges. Ultimately, it would be desirable to capture the favourable analgesic properties of the native toxins, in particular their potency and channel sub-type selectivity, in non-peptide mimetics. Such mimetics would constitute lead compounds in the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Norton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Antagonists for the Central Nervous System. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(10)45001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Racané L, Kralj M, Suman L, Stojković R, Tralić-Kulenović V, Karminski-Zamola G. Novel amidino substituted 2-phenylbenzothiazoles: synthesis, antitumor evaluation in vitro and acute toxicity testing in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:1038-44. [PMID: 20060306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of new bis-substituted nitro-amidino, amino-amidino (10a, 10b-13a, 13b) and previously prepared diamidino 2-phenyl-benzothiazoles (9a, 9b) is described. The compounds 11a and 11b were prepared by recently developed methodology of the key precursors in zwitterionic form 8a and 8b with 4-nitrobenzoylchloride in a very good yield (70%). All compounds except diamidino-substituted 2-phenylbenzothiazole 9a show exceptionally prominent tumor cell-growth inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity, whereby the special selectivity of amino-amidine 2-phenylbenzothiazole 12a towards MCF-7 and H 460 cells makes this compound a prospective lead compound that should be further evaluated in animal models. All in vivo tested compounds (12a, 12b, 13a and 13b) are absorbed from mice gastrointestinal system. LD(50) are between 67.33 and 696.2mg/kg body weight (OECD/EPA toxicity categories 2-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, baruna Filipovića 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Andersson A, Baell JB, Duggan PJ, Graham JE, Lewis RJ, Lumsden NG, Tranberg CE, Tuck KL, Yang A. ω-Conotoxin GVIA mimetics based on an anthranilamide core: Effect of variation in ammonium side chain lengths and incorporation of fluorine. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6659-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Lessene G, Smith BJ, Gable RW, Baell JB. Characterization of the Two Fundamental Conformations of Benzoylureas and Elucidation of the Factors That Facilitate Their Conformational Interchange. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6511-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Brian J. Smith
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Robert W. Gable
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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31
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Han TS, Zhang MM, Walewska A, Gruszczynski P, Robertson CR, Cheatham TE, Yoshikami D, Olivera BM, Bulaj G. Structurally minimized mu-conotoxin analogues as sodium channel blockers: implications for designing conopeptide-based therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:406-14. [PMID: 19107760 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bridges that stabilize the native conformation of conotoxins pose a challenge in the synthesis of smaller conotoxin analogues. Herein we describe the synthesis of a minimized analogue of the analgesic mu-conotoxin KIIIA that blocks two sodium channel subtypes, the neuronal Na(V)1.2 and skeletal muscle Na(V)1.4. Three disulfide-deficient analogues of KIIIA were initially synthesized in which the native disulfide bridge formed between either C1-C9, C2-C15, or C4-C16 was removed. Deletion of the first bridge only slightly affected the peptide's bioactivity. To further minimize this analogue, the N-terminal residue was removed and two nonessential serine residues were replaced by a single 5-amino-3-oxapentanoic acid residue. The resulting "polytide" analogue retained the ability to block sodium channels and to produce analgesia. Until now, the peptidomimetic approach applied to conotoxins has progressed only modestly at best; thus, the disulfide-deficient analogues containing backbone spacers provide an alternative advance toward the development of conopeptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Han
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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32
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Duggan PJ, Lewis RJ, Phei Lok Y, Lumsden NG, Tuck KL, Yang A. Low molecular weight non-peptide mimics of ω-conotoxin GVIA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2763-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Caleta I, Kralj M, Marjanović M, Bertosa B, Tomić S, Pavlović G, Pavelić K, Karminski-Zamola G. Novel cyano- and amidinobenzothiazole derivatives: synthesis, antitumor evaluation, and X-ray and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1744-56. [PMID: 19265399 DOI: 10.1021/jm801566q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of novel cyano- and amidinobenzothiazole derivatives 3-31 is described. All studied amidino derivatives showed noticeable antiproliferative effect on several tumor cell lines. Cyano derivatives 11-17 showed considerably less pronounced activity because of their poor solubility in aqueous cell culture medium, which was confirmed by the principal components (PC) analysis. Compounds 21, 22, 28, and 29 were tested for their effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis, whereby 22 and 29, having methyl group at the C-6 position in pyridine ring, showed drastic cell cycle perturbations that were both concentration- and time-dependent and induced apoptosis. The QSAR modeling, based on the physicochemical descriptors and on the measured biological activities, indicated the relevance of molecular polarizability and particular distribution of pharmacophores on the molecular surface for activity. In conclusion, benzothiazoles containing either isopropylamidino or imidazolyl groups will be considered as starting compounds for further investigation on lead identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Caleta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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34
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Yao S, Zhang MM, Yoshikami D, Azam L, Olivera BM, Bulaj G, Norton RS. Structure, dynamics, and selectivity of the sodium channel blocker mu-conotoxin SIIIA. Biochemistry 2008; 47:10940-9. [PMID: 18798648 DOI: 10.1021/bi801010u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
mu-SIIIA, a novel mu-conotoxin from Conus striatus, appeared to be a selective blocker of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in frog preparations. It also exhibited potent analgesic activity in mice, although its selectivity profile against mammalian sodium channels remains unknown. We have determined the structure of mu-SIIIA in aqueous solution and characterized its backbone dynamics by NMR and its functional properties electrophysiologically. Consistent with the absence of hydroxyprolines, mu-SIIIA adopts a single conformation with all peptide bonds in the trans conformation. The C-terminal region contains a well-defined helix encompassing residues 11-16, while residues 3-5 in the N-terminal region form a helix-like turn resembling 3 10-helix. The Trp12 and His16 side chains are close together, as in the related conotoxin mu-SmIIIA, but Asn2 is more distant. Dynamics measurements show that the N-terminus and Ser9 have larger-magnitude motions on the subnanosecond time scale, while the C-terminus is more rigid. Cys4, Trp12, and Cys13 undergo significant conformational exchange on microsecond to millisecond time scales. mu-SIIIA is a potent, nearly irreversible blocker of Na V1.2 but also blocks Na V1.4 and Na V1.6 with submicromolar potency. The selectivity profile of mu-SIIIA, including poor activity against the cardiac sodium channel, Na V1.5, is similar to that of the closely related mu-KIIIA, suggesting that the C-terminal regions of both are critical for blocking neuronal Na V1.2. The structural and functional characterization described in this paper of an analgesic mu-conotoxin that targets neuronal subtypes of mammalian sodium channels provides a basis for the design of novel analogues with an improved selectivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggen Yao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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35
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Duggan PJ, Faber JM, Graham JE, Lewis RJ, Lumsden NG, Tuck KL. Synthesis and Cav2.2 Binding Data for Non-Peptide Mimetics of ω-Conotoxin GVIA based on a 5-Amino-Anthranilamide Core. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch07327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of two anthranilamide-based non-peptide mimetics of ω-conotoxin GVIA. These anthranilamide derivatives aim to mimic the K2, R17, and Y13 residues of the peptide. The synthetic route described enables the rapid synthesis of anthranilamide analogues with identical alkyl chain lengths. The target compounds show affinity to rat N-type voltage gated calcium channels (Cav2.2) with EC50 values of 42 and 75 μM.
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36
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Green BR, Catlin P, Zhang MM, Fiedler B, Bayudan W, Morrison A, Norton RS, Smith BJ, Yoshikami D, Olivera BM, Bulaj G. Conotoxins containing nonnatural backbone spacers: cladistic-based design, chemical synthesis, and improved analgesic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:399-407. [PMID: 17462575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-rich neurotoxins from venomous animals continue to provide compounds with therapeutic potential. Minimizing neurotoxins often results in removal of disulfide bridges or critical amino acids. To address this drug-design challenge, we explored the concept of disulfide-rich scaffolds consisting of isostere polymers and peptidic pharmacophores. Flexible spacers, such as amino-3-oxapentanoic or 6-aminohexanoic acids, were used to replace conformationally constrained parts of a three-disulfide-bridged conotoxin, SIIIA. The peptide-polymer hybrids, polytides, were designed based on cladistic identification of nonconserved loci in related peptides. After oxidative folding, the polytides appeared to be better inhibitors of sodium currents in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves in mice. Moreover, the polytides appeared to be significantly more potent and longer-lasting analgesics in the inflammatory pain model in mice, when compared to SIIIA. The resulting polytides provide a promising strategy for transforming disulfide-rich peptides into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad R Green
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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37
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Grant MA, Shanmugasundaram K, Rigby AC. Conotoxin therapeutics: a pipeline for success? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:453-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Nicholson GM. Fighting the global pest problem: preface to the special Toxicon issue on insecticidal toxins and their potential for insect pest control. Toxicon 2006; 49:413-22. [PMID: 17223148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod pests are responsible for major crop devastation and are vectors for the transmission of new and re-emerging diseases in humans and livestock. Despite many years of effective control by conventional agrochemical insecticides, a number of factors are threatening the effectiveness and continued use of these agents. These include the development of insecticide resistance and use-cancellation or de-registration of some insecticides due to human health and environmental concerns. Several approaches are being investigated for the design of new (bio)pesticides. These include the development of transgenic plants and recombinant baculoviruses as delivery systems for a variety of insect-selective toxins. Additional approaches for the development of foliar sprays include the rational design of peptidomimetics based on the key residues of these toxins that interact with the insect target. This special issue provides an overview of these phyletically selective animal, plant and microbial toxins and their diverse mechanisms of action to paralyze or kill arthropods. In addition, it reviews their potential for biopesticide discovery and validation of novel insecticide targets and provides an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of biopesticides in the global control of arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M Nicholson
- Neurotoxin Research Group, Department of Medical & Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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39
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Yin H, Hamilton AD. Strategies for targeting protein-protein interactions with synthetic agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:4130-63. [PMID: 15954154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions is a formidable goal, albeit one that possesses significant potential for the discovery of novel therapeutics. Despite the daunting challenges, a variety of examples exists for the inhibition of two large protein partners with low-molecular-weight ligands. This review discusses the strategies for targeting protein-protein interactions and the state of the art in the rational design of molecules that mimic the structures and functions of their natural targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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40
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Abstract
Some of the most potent and specific inhibitors of voltage-gated calcium channels are peptide toxins that inhibit channel function not by occlusion of the channel pore, but rather by interfering with the voltage dependence and kinetics of channel opening and closing. Many such gating modifier toxins conform to the inhibitor cystine knot structural family and have primary sequence or functional mechanism similar to toxins that target voltage-gated sodium or potassium channels. This review introduces known gating modifiers of calcium channels, discusses the selectivity, binding sites, and mechanism of the toxin-channel interaction, and reviews the usefulness of these toxins as research tools and as the basis for novel calcium channel pharmacology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan I McDonough
- Department of Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square Bldg 1000, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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41
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Baell JB, Duggan PJ, Forsyth SA, Lewis RJ, Lok YP, Schroeder CI, Shepherd NE. Synthesis and biological evaluation of anthranilamide-based non-peptide mimetics of ω-conotoxin GVIA. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Yin H, Hamilton AD. Strategien zur Modulation von Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen mit synthetischen Substanzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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Harvey AJ, Gable RW, Baell JB. A three-residue, continuous binding epitope peptidomimetic of ShK toxin as a Kv1.3 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3193-6. [PMID: 15935664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ShK toxin is a polypeptide that blocks the Kv1.3 potassium channel in T-lymphocytes and has been identified as a potential therapeutic for multiple sclerosis. ShK is well characterised in terms of structure and binding, offering an attractive target for the design of structural and functional mimetics. Building on our previous success in developing rationally designed peptidomimetics of ShK, we report a novel mimetic of the K22-Y23-R24 residues of the peptide. The mimetic was shown to inhibit the Kv1.3 channel with moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Harvey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall, Institute of Medical Research, Biotechnology Centre, 4 Research Avenue, La Trobe R and D Park, Bundoora 3086, Australia
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44
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Tedford HW, Gilles N, Ménez A, Doering CJ, Zamponi GW, King GF. Scanning mutagenesis of omega-atracotoxin-Hv1a reveals a spatially restricted epitope that confers selective activity against insect calcium channels. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:44133-40. [PMID: 15308644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404006200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed a complete panel of alanine mutants of the insect-specific calcium channel blocker omega-atracotoxin-Hv1a. Lethality assays using these mutant toxins identified three spatially contiguous residues, Pro10, Asn27, and Arg35, that are critical for insecticidal activity against flies (Musca domestica) and crickets (Acheta domestica). Competitive binding assays using radiolabeled omega-atracotoxin-Hv1a and neuronal membranes prepared from the heads of American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) confirmed the importance of these three residues for binding of the toxin to target calcium channels presumably expressed in the insect membranes. At concentrations up to 10 microm, omega-atracotoxin-Hv1a had no effect on heterologously expressed rat Cav2.1, Cav2.2, and Cav1.2 calcium channels, consistent with the previously reported insect selectivity of the toxin. 30 microm omega-atracotoxin-Hv1a inhibited rat Cav currents by 10-34%, depending on the channel subtype, and this low level of inhibition was essentially unchanged when Asn27 and Arg35, which appears to be critical for interaction of the toxin with insect Cav channels, were both mutated to alanine. We propose that the spatially contiguous epitope formed by Pro10, Asn27, and Arg35 confers specific binding to insect Cav channels and is largely responsible for the remarkable phyletic selectivity of omega-atracotoxin-Hv1a. This epitope provides a structural template for rational design of chemical insecticides that selectively target insect Cav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Tedford
- Department of Molecular, Microbial, and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032-3305, USA
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45
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Abstract
Arthropods are the most diverse animal group on the planet. Their ability to inhabit a vast array of ecological niches has inevitably brought them into conflict with humans. Although only a small minority are classified as pest species, they nevertheless destroy about a quarter of the world's annual crop production and transmit an impressive array of pathogens of human and veterinary public health importance. Arthropod pests have been controlled almost exclusively with chemical insecticides since the introduction of DDT in the 1940s. However, the evolution of resistance to many insecticides, coupled with increased awareness of the potential environmental and human and animal health impacts of these chemicals, has stimulated the search for new insecticidal compounds, novel molecular targets, and alternative control methods. Spider venoms are complex chemical cocktails that have evolved to kill or paralyze arthropod prey, and they represent a largely untapped reservoir of insecticidal compounds. This review focuses on several families of invertebrate-specific peptide neurotoxins that were isolated from the venom of Australian funnel-web spiders. These peptides are promising insecticide leads because of their selectivity for invertebrates and activity on previously unvalidated targets. These toxins should facilitate the development of novel target-based screens for new insecticide leads, while their mapped pharmacophores will provide templates for rational design of mimetics that act at these target sites. Furthermore, genes encoding these toxins can be used to improve the efficacy of insect-specific viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Tedford
- Department of Molecular, Microbial, and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032-3305, USA
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46
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Baell JB, Huang DCS. Prospects for targeting the Bcl-2 family of proteins to develop novel cytotoxic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 64:851-63. [PMID: 12213579 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade the molecular mechanisms controlling programmed cell death (apoptosis) have become clearer. It appears that many physiological and damage signals activate the cell death machinery by inhibiting the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Since many chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancers activate the cell death machinery indirectly, there is much interest in developing peptide and non-peptide mimics of the BH3-only proteins, a family of proteins that act as direct antagonists of Bcl-2, as novel anti-cancer agents. This commentary review current progress in our search for such drugs and discusses recent findings in light of our current understanding of the cell death signaling. The potential for discovering novel agents that may form a useful part of the treatment of malignant disease is enormous but we still lack critical understanding of precisely how Bcl-2 function. However, the frequency of mutations affecting proteins that (directly or indirectly) impinge on apoptosis suggests that the approach of targeting Bcl-2 might be a profitable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Baell
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic. 3050, Australia
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Baell JB, Harvey AJ, Norton RS. Design and synthesis of type-III mimetics of ShK toxin. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2002; 16:245-62. [PMID: 12400855 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020214720560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ShK toxin is a structurally defined, 35-residue polypeptide which blocks the voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channel in T-lymphocytes and has been identified as a possible immunosuppressant. Our interest lies in the rational design and synthesis of type-III mimetics of protein and polypeptide structure and function. ShK toxin is a challenging target for mimetic design as its binding epitope consists of relatively weakly binding residues, some of which are discontinuous. We discuss here our investigations into the design and synthesis of 1st generation, small molecule mimetics of ShK toxin and highlight any principles relevant to the generic design of type-III mimetics of continuous and discontinuous binding epitopes. We complement our approach with attempted pharmacophore-based database mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Baell
- Biomolecular Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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