1
|
Li Y, Liu F, Che J, Zhang Y, Yin T, Gou J, Tang X, Wang Y, He H. Sodium glycocholate liposome encapsulated semaglutide increases oral bioavailability by promoting intestinal absorption. Int J Pharm 2024; 665:124669. [PMID: 39244070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare sodium glycocholate liposomes (SGC-Lip) encapsulating semaglutide (Sml) to improve oral bioavailability and better exert hypoglycemic effect. In this paper, SGC-Lip was prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method with particle size around 140 nm, potential around -27 mV, rounded morphology and better stability. The hypoglycemic and intestinal uptake effects of SGC-Lip and cholesterol-containing liposomes (CH-Lip) were comparatively investigated in rats, and the oral safety of SGC-Lip was examined by cytotoxicity assay. The results indicate that SGC-Lip can achieve a hypoglycemic effect of 40% of the initial value within 12 hours, and the AAC0-12h is approximately six times that of CH-Lip without sodium glycocholate. The results of the cytotoxicity tests indicate that SGC-Lip has good oral safety. SGC-Lip enhances the absorption of semaglutide in the small intestinal villi via an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT)-mediated pathway with the highest penetration at the ileal site. In summary, the oral bioavailability of semaglutide can be improved by encapsulating semaglutide in SGC-Lip and utilizing the stabilizing and permeation-promoting effects of SGC on liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiajing Che
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding B, Zhu Z, Guo C, Li J, Gan Y, Yu M. Oral peptide therapeutics for diabetes treatment: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2006-2025. [PMID: 38799624 PMCID: PMC11120284 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Peptides, such as insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, have shown promise as treatments for diabetes due to their ability to mimic or enhance insulin's actions in the body. Compared to subcutaneous injection, oral administration of anti-diabetic peptides is a preferred approach. However, biological barriers significantly reduce the efficacy of oral peptide therapeutics. Recent advancements in drug delivery systems and formulation techniques have greatly improved the oral delivery of peptide therapeutics and their efficacy in treating diabetes. This review will highlight (1) the benefits of oral anti-diabetic peptide therapeutics; (2) the biological barriers for oral peptide delivery, including pH and enzyme degradation, intestinal mucosa barrier, and biodistribution barrier; (3) the delivery platforms to overcome these biological barriers. Additionally, the review will discuss the prospects in this field. The information provided in this review will serve as a valuable guide for future developments in oral anti-diabetic peptide therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pamshong SR, Bhatane D, Sarnaik S, Alexander A. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: An emerging approach in overcoming the challenges with oral delivery of proteins and peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113613. [PMID: 37913702 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides (PPs), as therapeutics are widely explored in the past few decades, by virtue of their inherent advantages like high specificity and biocompatibility with minimal side effects. However, owing to their macromolecular size, poor membrane permeability, and high enzymatic susceptibility, the effective delivery of PPs is often challenging. Moreover, their subjection to varying environmental conditions, when administered orally, results in PPs denaturation and structural conformation, thereby lowering their bioavailability. Hence, for effective delivery with enhanced bioavailability, protection of PPs using nanoparticle-based delivery system has gained a growing interest. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with their tailored morphology and pore size, high surface area, easy surface modification, versatile loading capacity, excellent thermal stability, and good biocompatibility, are eligible candidates for the effective delivery of macromolecules to the target site. This review highlights the different barriers hindering the oral absorption of PPs and the various strategies available to overcome them. In addition, the potential benefits of MSNs, along with their diversifying role in controlling the loading of PPs and their release under the influence of specific stimuli, are also discussed in length. Further, the tuning of MSNs for enhanced gene transfection efficacy is also highlighted. Since extensive research is ongoing in this area, this review is concluded with an emphasis on the potential risks of MSNs that need to be addressed prior to their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rose Pamshong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Dhananjay Bhatane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Santosh Sarnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fadaei MR, Mohammadi M, Fadaei MS, Jaafari MR. The crossroad of nanovesicles and oral delivery of insulin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1387-1413. [PMID: 37791986 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2266992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is one of the challenging health problems worldwide. Multiple daily subcutaneous injection of insulin causes poor compliance in patients. Development of efficient oral formulations to improve the quality of life of such patients has been an important goal in pharmaceutical industry. However, due to serious issues such as low bioavailability and instability, it has not been achieved yet. AREAS COVERED Due to functional properties of the vesicles and the fact that hepatic-directed vesicles of insulin could reach the clinical phases, we focused on three main vesicular delivery systems for oral delivery of insulin: liposomes, niosomes, and polymersomes. Recent papers were thoroughly discussed to provide a broad overview of such oral delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION Although conventional liposomes are unstable in the presence of bile salts, their further modifications such as surface coating could increase their stability in the GI tract. Bilosomes showed good flexibility and stability in GI fluids. Also, niosomes were stable, but they could not induce significant hypoglycemia in animal studies. Although polymersomes were effective, they are expensive and there are some issues about their safety and industrial scale-up. Also, we believe that other modifications such as addition of a targeting agent or surface coating of the vesicles could significantly increase the bioavailability of insulin-loaded vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fadaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Fadaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spoorthi Shetty S, Halagali P, Johnson AP, Spandana KMA, Gangadharappa HV. Oral insulin delivery: Barriers, strategies, and formulation approaches: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125114. [PMID: 37263330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a hyperglycemic condition which can either be caused by the destruction of the beta cells or by the resistance developed against insulin in the cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus needs the use of Insulin for efficient management. However invasive methods of administration may lead to reduced adherence by the patients. Hence there is a need for a non-invasive method of administration. Oral Insulin has several merits over the conventional method including patient compliance, and reduced cost, and it also mimics endogenous insulin and hence reaches the liver by the portal vein at a higher concentration and thereby showing improved efficiency. However oral Insulin must pass through several barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Some strategies that could be utilized to bypass these barriers include the use of permeation enhancers, absorption enhancers, use of suitable polymers, use of suitable carriers, and other agents. Several formulation types have been explored for the oral delivery of Insulin like hydrogels, capsules, tablets, and patches which have been described briefly by the article. A lot of attempts have been made for developing oral insulin delivery however none of them have been commercialized due to numerous shortcomings. Currently, there are several formulations from the companies that are still in the clinical phase, the success or failure of some is yet to be seen in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Spoorthi Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha P Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Higashi T, Saito AC, Fukazawa Y, Furuse M, Higashi AY, Ono M, Chiba H. EpCAM proteolysis and release of complexed claudin-7 repair and maintain the tight junction barrier. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213688. [PMID: 36378161 PMCID: PMC9671161 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TJs maintain the epithelial barrier by regulating paracellular permeability. Since TJs are under dynamically fluctuating intercellular tension, cells must continuously survey and repair any damage. However, the underlying mechanisms allowing cells to sense TJ damage and repair the barrier are not yet fully understood. Here, we showed that proteinases play an important role in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier. At TJ break sites, EpCAM-claudin-7 complexes on the basolateral membrane become accessible to apical membrane-anchored serine proteinases (MASPs) and the MASPs cleave EpCAM. Biochemical data and imaging analysis suggest that claudin-7 released from EpCAM contributes to the rapid repair of damaged TJs. Knockout (KO) of MASPs drastically reduced barrier function and live-imaging of TJ permeability showed that MASPs-KO cells exhibited increased size, duration, and frequency of leaks. Together, our results reveal a novel mechanism of TJ maintenance through the localized proteolysis of EpCAM at TJ leaks, and provide a better understanding of the dynamic regulation of epithelial permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Correspondence to Tomohito Higashi:
| | - Akira C. Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Science, Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuko Y. Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran H, Patel PJ, Aburub A, Sperry A, Estwick S, ElSayed MEH, -Mannan AD. Identification of a Multi-Component Formulation for Intestinal Delivery of a GLP-1/Glucagon Co-agonist Peptide. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2555-2567. [PMID: 36050547 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides has been challenging due to multiple physiological factors and physicochemical properties of peptides. We report a systematic approach to identify formulation compositions combining a permeation enhancer and a peptidase inhibitor that minimize proteolytic degradation and increase absorption of a peptide across the small intestine. METHODS An acylated glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon co-agonist peptide (4.5 kDa) was selected as a model peptide. Proteolytic stability of the peptide was investigated in rat and pig SIF. Effective PEs and multiple component formulations were identified in rats. Relative bioavailability of the peptide was determined in minipigs via intraduodenal administration (ID) of enteric capsules. RESULTS The peptide degraded rapidly in the rat and pig SIF. Citric acid, SBTI, and SBTCI inhibited the enzymatic degradation. The peptide self-associated into trimers in solution, however, addition of PEs monomerized the peptide. C10 was the most effective PE among tested PEs (DPC, LC, rhamnolipid, C12-maltosides, and SNAC) to improve intestinal absorption of the peptide in the rat IJ-closed loop model. A combination of C10 and SBTI or SBTCI increased the peptide exposure 5-tenfold compared to the exposure with the PE alone in the rat IJ-cannulated model, and achieved 1.06 ± 0.76% bioavailability in minipigs relative to subcutaneous via ID administration using enteric capsules. CONCLUSION We identified SBTI and C10 as an effective peptidase inhibitor and PE for intestinal absorption of the peptide. The combination of SBTI and C10 addressed the peptide physiochemical properties and provides a formulation strategy to achieve intestinal delivery of this peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Tran
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Phenil J Patel
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Aktham Aburub
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Andrea Sperry
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Selina Estwick
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Mohamed E H ElSayed
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Amita Datta -Mannan
- Exploratory Medicine and Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nemati M, Fathi-Azarbayjani A, Al-Salami H, Roshani Asl E, Rasmi Y. Bile acid-based advanced drug delivery systems, bilosomes and micelles as novel carriers for therapeutics. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:623-635. [PMID: 35830577 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects almost half a billion patients worldwide and results from either destruction of β-cells responsible for insulin secretion or increased tissue resistance to insulin stimulation and the reduction of glycemic control. Novel drug delivery systems can improve treatment efficacy in diabetic patients. The low aqueous solubility of most oral antidiabetic drugs decreases drug bioavailability; therefore, there is a demand for the use of novel methods to overcome this issue. The application of bile acids mixed micelles and bilosomes can provide an enhancement in drug efficacy. Bile acids are amphiphilic steroidal molecules that contain a saturated tetracyclic hydrocarbon cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring, and consist of three 6-membered rings and a 5-membered ring, a short aliphatic side chain, and a tough steroid nucleus. This review offers a comprehensive and informative data focusing on the great potential of bile acid, their salts, and their derivatives for the development of new antidiabetic drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malviya R, Verma S, Sundram S. Advancement and Strategies for the Development of Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacokinetic Modulation, Role and Clinical Evidence Against Cancer Management. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:286-311. [PMID: 34792003 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666211118111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, many new treatment strategies are being used for the management of cancer. Among them, chemotherapy based on peptides has been of great interest due to the unique features of peptides. This review discusses the role of peptide and peptides analogues in the treatment of cancer, with special emphasis on their pharmacokinetic modulation and research progress. Low molecular weight, targeted drug delivery, enhanced permeability, etc., of the peptide-linked drug conjugates, lead to an increase in the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Various peptides have recently been developed as drugs and vaccines with an altered pharmacokinetic parameter which has subsequently been assessed in different phases of the clinical study. Peptides have made a great impact in the area of cancer therapy and diagnosis. Targeted chemotherapy and drug delivery techniques using peptides are emerging as excellent tools in minimizing problems with conventional chemotherapy. It can be concluded that new advances in using peptides to treat different types of cancer have been shown by different clinical studies indicating that peptides could be used as an ideal therapeutic method in treating cancer due to the novel advantages of peptides. The development of identifying and synthesizing novel peptides could provide a promising choice to patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida. India
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida. India
| | - Sonali Sundram
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida. India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wicke N, Bedford MR, Howarth M. Gastrobodies are engineered antibody mimetics resilient to pepsin and hydrochloric acid. Commun Biol 2021; 4:960. [PMID: 34381153 PMCID: PMC8358037 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based targeting reagents, such as antibodies and non-antibody scaffold proteins, are rapidly inactivated in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice denatures proteins and activates pepsin, concentrations of which reach 1 mg/mL in the mammalian stomach. Two stable scaffold proteins (nanobody and nanofitin), previously developed to be protease-resistant, were completely digested in less than 10 min at 100-fold lower concentration of pepsin than found in the stomach. Here we present gastrobodies, a protein scaffold derived from Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). SBTI is highly resistant to the challenges of the upper GI tract, including digestive proteases, pH 2 and bile acids. Computational prediction of SBTI's evolvability identified two nearby loops for randomization, to create a potential recognition surface which was experimentally validated by alanine scanning. We established display of SBTI on full-length pIII of M13 phage. Phage selection of gastrobody libraries against the glucosyltransferase domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B (GTD) identified hits with nanomolar affinity and enzyme inhibitory activity. Anti-GTD binders retained high stability to acid, digestive proteases and heat. Gastrobodies show resilience to exceptionally harsh conditions, which should provide a foundation for targeting and modulating function within the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Wicke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patient-centric design for peptide delivery: Trends in routes of administration and advancement in drug delivery technologies. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
13
|
Zhang T, Tang JZ, Fei X, Li Y, Song Y, Qian Z, Peng Q. Can nanoparticles and nano‒protein interactions bring a bright future for insulin delivery? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:651-667. [PMID: 33777673 PMCID: PMC7982494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, frequent injections required to effectively control the glycemic levels lead to substantial inconvenience and low patient compliance. In order to improve insulin delivery, many efforts have been made, such as developing the nanoparticles (NPs)-based release systems and oral insulin. Although some improvements have been achieved, the ultimate results are still unsatisfying and none of insulin-loaded NPs systems have been approved for clinical use so far. Recently, nano‒protein interactions and protein corona formation have drawn much attention due to their negative influence on the in vivo fate of NPs systems. As the other side of a coin, such interactions can also be used for constructing advanced drug delivery systems. Herein, we aim to provide an insight into the advance and flaws of various NPs-based insulin delivery systems. Particularly, an interesting discussion on nano‒protein interactions and its potentials for developing novel insulin delivery systems is initiated. Insulin therapy plays essential roles in treating diabetes. Optimizing insulin delivery enhances insulin therapy. Nanoparticles are promising systems for delivery of insulin. Nano-protein interactions influence the delivery of nanoparticles. Nano-protein interactions can be used for advanced delivery of insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - James Zhenggui Tang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Xiaofan Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ito S, Torii Y, Chikamatsu S, Harada T, Yamaguchi S, Ogata S, Sonoda K, Wakayama T, Masuda T, Ohtsuki S. Oral Coadministration of Zn-Insulin with d-Form Small Intestine-Permeable Cyclic Peptide Enhances Its Blood Glucose-Lowering Effect in Mice. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1593-1603. [PMID: 33617269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of insulin remains a challenge owing to its poor permeability across the small intestine and enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. In a previous study, we identified a small intestine-permeable cyclic peptide, C-DNPGNET-C (C-C disulfide bond, cyclic DNP peptide), which facilitated the permeation of macromolecules. Here, we showed that intraintestinal and oral coadministration of insulin with the cyclic DNP derivative significantly reduced blood glucose levels by increasing the portal plasma insulin concentration following permeation across the small intestine of mice. We also found that protecting the cyclic DNP derivative from enzymatic digestion in the small intestine of mice using d-amino acids and by the cyclization of DNP peptide was essential to enhance cyclic DNP derivative-induced insulin absorption across the small intestine. Furthermore, intraintestinal and oral coadministration of insulin hexamer stabilized by zinc ions (Zn-insulin) with cyclic D-DNP derivative was more effective in facilitating insulin absorption and inducing hypoglycemic effects in mice than the coadministration of insulin with the cyclic D-DNP derivative. Moreover, Zn-insulin was more resistant to degradation in the small intestine of mice compared to insulin. Intraintestinal and oral coadministration of Zn-insulin with cyclic DNP derivative also reduced blood glucose levels in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus mouse model. A single intraintestinal administration of the cyclic D-DNP derivative did not induce any cytotoxicity, either locally in the small intestine or systemically. In summary, we demonstrated that coadministration of Zn-insulin with cyclic D-DNP derivative could enhance oral insulin absorption across the small intestine in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuta Torii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shoma Chikamatsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tomonori Harada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sonoda
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Technical Office for Life Science, Technical Division, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Absorption-Enhancing Mechanisms of Capryol 90, a Novel Absorption Enhancer, for Improving the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Absorbed Drugs: Contributions to Trans- or Para-Cellular Pathways. Pharm Res 2020; 37:248. [PMID: 33230672 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously reported that Capryol 90 improves the intestinal absorption of insulin, a peptide drug, without causing serious damage to the intestinal epithelium. However, the effects of Capryol 90 and its related formulations on the intestinal absorption of other drugs, and their absorption-enhancing mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Capryol 90 and its related formulations on the intestinal absorption of drugs and elucidate their absorption-enhancing mechanisms. METHODS The intestinal absorption of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans, and alendronate was evaluated using an in situ closed loop method. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) were labeled with fluorescent probes, and the fluidity of membrane was evaluated by a fluorescence depolarization method. The expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins were measured using a Western blot method and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Among the tested excipients, Capryol 90 significantly improved the small and large intestinal absorption of drugs. In mechanistic studies, Capryol 90 increased the membrane fluidity of lipid bilayers in BBMVs. Additionally, Capryol 90 decreased the expression levels of TJ-associated proteins, namely claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1. CONCLUSIONS Capryol 90 is an effective absorption enhancer for improving the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs via both transcellular and paracellular pathways.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kengkittipat W, Kaewmalun S, Khongkow M, Iempridee T, Jantimaporn A, Bunwatcharaphansakun P, Yostawonkul J, Yata T, Phoolcharoen W, Namdee K. Improvement of the multi-performance biocharacteristics of cordycepin using BiloNiosome-core/chitosan-shell hybrid nanocarriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111369. [PMID: 33032178 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin, a derivative of the nucleotide adenosine, has displayed several pharmacological activities including enhanced apoptosis and cancer cells inhibition. However, oral administration of cordycepin has limited practical use due to its poor bioavailability in the intestine. Herein, we developed and demonstrated a hybrid nanocarrier system in the form of biloniosome-core/chitosan-shell hybrid nanocarriers (HNCs) in order to improve the bio-characteristics of cordycepin. In this study, HNCs were prepared by using a solvent (ethanol) injection method involving cordycepin as the biloniosome core and mucoadhesive chitosan biopolymer as a coating shell. Our results showed that the cordycepin-loaded HNCs were positively charged with enhanced mucoadhesive characteristics and highly stable in gastric fluid. The increased permeability of cordycepin-loaded HNCs compared with standard cordycepin was confirmed by in vitro intestinal permeation study across the human intestinal barrier. In addition, we demonstrated that the cordycepin-loaded HNCs are able to release their components in an active form resulting in enhanced anti-cancer activity in two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures as well as in three-dimensional (3D) multi-cellular spheroids of colon cancer cells. Further, quantitative real time PCR analysis of apoptotic gene expression revealed that cordycepin HNCs can induce apoptosis in cancer cells by negatively regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL). I Overall our results showed that the hybrid nanocarrier systems represent a promising strategy for improving the bio-characteristics of cordycepin which can be considered as a potential anti-cancer agent for colorectal cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warut Kengkittipat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somrudee Kaewmalun
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tawin Iempridee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Angkana Jantimaporn
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Phichaporn Bunwatcharaphansakun
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Thanou M, Vllasaliu D. Exploiting disease-induced changes for targeted oral delivery of biologics and nanomedicines in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:128-138. [PMID: 32853696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive disorder with destructive inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Biologics have changed the management of IBD, but have serious limitations, which is associated with their systemic administration via injection. Oral administration is the most accepted route of drug administration. However, the physiological barriers of the GIT pose significant challenges for oral administration of biologics, making this route of administration currently unavailable. The status of tissue barriers to oral drug delivery is altered in IBD. This may bring more challenges, but also present opportunities for oral delivery of biologics. This article provides an overview of disease-induced alterations of GIT barriers in IBD and discusses challenges, opportunities and commonly-utilised strategies for oral delivery of complex therapeutics, including biologics and nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Maya Thanou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yamamoto A, Ukai H, Morishita M, Katsumi H. Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Enhanced Intestinal Absorption of Insulin by Capryol 90, a Novel Absorption Enhancer in Rats: Implications in Oral Insulin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050462. [PMID: 32443624 PMCID: PMC7284608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Labrasol® is a self-emulsifying excipient that contains saturated polyglycolysed C6-C14 glycerides and this additive is known to improve the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs after oral administration. However, the effects of formulations similar to Labrasol® on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs have not been characterized. In this study, we used insulin as a model peptide drug and examined the absorption-enhancing effects of Labrasol® and its related formulations for insulin absorption in rats. The co-administration of Labrasol-related formulations with insulin reduced the blood glucose levels. Among these formulations, Capryol 90 was the most effective additive. Notably, the effect of Capryol 90 was greater at pH 3.0 than at pH 7.0. Additionally, almost no mucosal damage was observed in the presence of these formulations, as these formulations did not affect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the amount of protein released from the small intestine. In mechanistic studies, Capryol 90 improved the stability of insulin and suppressed the association with insulin under acidic conditions. The loosening of the tight junctions (TJs) could be the underlying mechanism by which Capryol 90 improved intestinal insulin absorption via a paracellular route. These findings suggest that Capryol 90 is an effective absorption enhancer for improving the intestinal absorption of insulin, without inducing serious damage to the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
|
20
|
Matsumoto A, Watanabe C, Murakami M. Janus microspheres for enhanced enteral drug delivery: Preparation and orientated attachment to a Caco-2 monolayer. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 13:343-353. [PMID: 31956233 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Conventional oral preparations generally release incorporated drugs omnidirectionally, including into the lumen, leading to a low bioavailability of drugs that are unstable in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we designed Janus microspheres for efficient mucosal drug delivery as single-sided-release microspheres with the oriented attachment to mucus and evaluated their attachment to and orientation on a Caco-2 (human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma cell line) monolayer. The microspheres comprised a mucus-oriented hemisphere of an ammonioalkyl methacrylate copolymer and a protective hemisphere of a hard fat. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran with an average molecular weight of 3,000-5,000 Da (FD4) was used as a model hydrophilic drug. A water-in-oil emulsion-type solvent evaporation method was employed for fabrication of the Janus microspheres. The yield of Janus microspheres was found to be dependent on the polymer-to-hard fat ratio, with a maximum yield of over 90% being obtained at a ratio of 1:2, whereas lower and higher ratios resulted in monolithic or star-shaped microspheres. FD4 was specifically localized in the polymeric hemisphere. A cell culture study revealed that the Janus microspheres attached to a Caco-2 monolayer via their polymeric hemispheres with the hard fat hemisphere providing a protective sealing. This may lead to the development of an effective enteral drug delivery system for biomedicines, such as polypeptides and nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Josai University, Sakadoshi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dahlgren D, Cano-Cebrián MJ, Olander T, Hedeland M, Sjöblom M, Lennernäs H. Regional Intestinal Drug Permeability and Effects of Permeation Enhancers in Rat. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030242. [PMID: 32182653 PMCID: PMC7150977 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient colonic absorption is necessary for all systemically acting drugs in dosage forms that release the drug in the large intestine. Preclinically, colonic absorption is often investigated using the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model. This model can determine intestinal permeability based on luminal drug disappearance, as well as the effect of permeation enhancers on drug permeability. However, it is uncertain how accurate the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model predicts regional intestinal permeability and absorption in human. There is also a shortage of systematic in vivo investigations of the direct effect of permeation enhancers in the small and large intestine. In this rat single-pass intestinal perfusion study, the jejunal and colonic permeability of two low permeability drugs (atenolol and enalaprilat) and two high-permeability ones (ketoprofen and metoprolol) was determined based on plasma appearance. These values were compared to already available corresponding human data from a study conducted in our lab. The colonic effect of four permeation enhancers—sodium dodecyl sulfate, chitosan, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and caprate—on drug permeability and transport of chromium EDTA (an established clinical marker for intestinal barrier integrity) was determined. There was no difference in jejunal and colonic permeability determined from plasma appearance data of any of the four model drugs. This questions the validity of the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model for predicting human regional intestinal permeability. It was also shown that the effect of permeation enhancers on drug permeability in the colon was similar to previously reported data from the rat jejunum, whereas the transport of chromium EDTA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the colon than in jejunum. Therefore, the use of permeation enhancers for increasing colonic drug permeability has greater risks than potential medical rewards, as indicated by the higher permeation of chromium EDTA compared to the drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.D.); (T.O.)
| | - Maria-Jose Cano-Cebrián
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain;
| | - Tobias Olander
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.D.); (T.O.)
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.D.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chatterjee S, Bhushan Sharma C, Lavie CJ, Adhikari A, Deedwania P, O'keefe JH. Oral insulin: an update. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:49-60. [DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Ukai H, Kawagoe A, Sato E, Morishita M, Katsumi H, Yamamoto A. Propylene Glycol Caprylate as a Novel Potential Absorption Enhancer for Improving the Intestinal Absorption of Insulin: Efficacy, Safety, and Absorption-Enhancing Mechanisms. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1483-1492. [PMID: 31884013 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sodium caprate (C10) acts as an absorption enhancer. However, the absorption-enhancing effects of compounds with structures similar to C10 have not been characterized. In the present study, insulin was used as a model drug. We examined the effects of C10 and its related compounds on intestinal absorption of insulin using an in situ closed loop in rats. Insulin absorption was significantly enhanced by propylene glycol caprylate (Sefsol-218), a C10-related compound, after large intestinal administration. In addition, activity of lactate dehydrogenase did not increase in the intestinal epithelium in the presence of Sefsol-218 at concentrations equivalent to or lower than 1% (v/v). However, a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in response to C10. These findings suggested that Sefsol-218 was safer than C10. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that increased membrane fluidity and loosening of tight junctions (TJs) might be underlying mechanisms by which this compound improved intestinal absorption of insulin. Furthermore, Sefsol-218 opened TJs by reducing the expression of claudin-4, which is a major TJ protein. These findings suggested that Sefsol-218 effectively enhanced intestinal insulin absorption without causing serious damage to the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ukai
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Arisa Kawagoe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Erika Sato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Patil S, Narvekar A, Puranik A, Jain R, Dandekar P. Formulation of Therapeutic Proteins: Strategies for Developing Oral Protein Formulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527812172.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Matsumoto A, Murakami K, Watanabe C, Murakami M. Improved systemic delivery of insulin by condensed drug loading in a dimpled suppository. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 11:293-299. [PMID: 29332886 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of peptide therapeutics owing to the advances in biotechnology has overcome some unmet medical needs; however, the route of administration is still limited to injections. Systemic delivery of insulin via an enteral route remains a great challenge due to its instability and low mucosal permeability. In this study, we investigated the effect of drug condensation in a suppository on the efficacy of insulin after rectal administration. Suppositories with dimples are prepared by a mold method using a hard fat (Suppocire® AM). Insulin or fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (molecular weight: 3,000-5,000) (FD4) as a model of a hydrophilic macromolecule was loaded in the dimples, and sealed with other lipids with different melting points. The in vitro release test showed that the time to 50% drug release depends on the melting point of the lipid for sealing but not on the number of dimples. The suppositories with one-, or three-dimple containing insulin and caprylocaproyl macrogol-8 glyceride (Labrasol®) were administered to rats at 0.5 U/head. The reduction in plasma glucose level was more significant for the one-dimple-type suppository than for the three-dimple-type although the one-dimple-type suppository contained less amount of Labrasol by one-third compared to the three-dimple-type. These results suggest that condensation of an insulin dose in a limited surface area of a suppository improves systemic availability via the rectal route with a reduced amount of an absorption enhancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University.,Hanshin Pharmacy, Co. Ltd
| | - Kayoko Murakami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mechanistic Studies on the Absorption-Enhancing Effects of Gemini Surfactant on the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Absorbed Hydrophilic Drugs in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040170. [PMID: 30959978 PMCID: PMC6523531 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, the use of absorption enhancers might be the most effective approaches to ameliorate the enteric absorption of poorly absorbed substances. Among numerous absorption enhancers, we already reported that a gemini surfactant, sodium dilauramidoglutamide lysine (SLG-30) with two hydrophobic and two hydrophilic moieties, is a novel and promising adjuvant with a high potency in improving the absorption safely. Here, we examined and elucidated the absorption-improving mechanisms of SLG-30 in the enteric absorption of substances. SLG-30 increased the intestinal absorption of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) to a greater level than the typical absorption enhancers, including sodium glycocholate and sodium laurate, as evaluated by an in situ closed-loop method. Furthermore, SLG-30 significantly lowered the fluorescence anisotropy of dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl), suggesting that it might increase the fluidity of protein sections in the intestinal cell membranes. Moreover, SLG-30 significantly lowered the transepithelial-electrical resistance (TEER) values of Caco-2 cells, suggesting that it might open the tight junctions (TJs) between the enteric epithelial cells. Additionally, the levels of claudin-1 and claudin-4 expression decreased in the presence of SLG-30. These outcomes propose that SLG-30 might improve the enteric transport of poorly absorbed substances through both transcellular and paracellular routes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sawangrat K, Yamashita S, Tanaka A, Morishita M, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Modulation of Intestinal Transport and Absorption of Topotecan, a BCRP Substrate, by Various Pharmaceutical Excipients and Their Inhibitory Mechanisms of BCRP Transporter. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1315-1325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Biologics now constitute a significant element of available medical treatments. Owing to their clinical and commercial success, biologics are a rapidly growing class and have become a dominant therapeutic modality. Although most of the successful biologics to date are drugs that bear a peptidic backbone, ranging from small peptides to monoclonal antibodies (~500 residues; 150 kDa), new biologic modalities, such as nucleotide-based therapeutics and viral gene therapies, are rapidly maturing towards widespread clinical use. Given the rise of peptides and proteins in the pharmaceutical landscape, tremendous research and development interest exists in developing less-invasive or non-invasive routes for the systemic delivery of biologics, including subcutaneous, transdermal, oral, inhalation, nasal and buccal routes. This Review summarizes the current status, latest updates and future prospects for such delivery of peptides, proteins and other biologics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Oral co-administration of a bacterial protease inhibitor in the vaccine formulation increases antigen delivery at the intestinal epithelial barrier. J Control Release 2018; 293:158-171. [PMID: 30496771 PMCID: PMC6329890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of capture and processing of antigens (Ags) by intestinal epithelial cells is very important for development of new oral administration systems. Efficient oral Ag delivery systems must resist enzymatic degradation by gastric and intestinal proteases and deliver the Ag across biological barriers. The recombinant unlipidated outer membrane protein from Brucella spp. (U-Omp19) is a protease inhibitor with immunostimulatory properties used as adjuvant in oral vaccine formulations. In the present work we further characterized its mechanism of action and studied the interaction and effect of U-Omp19 on the intestinal epithelium. We found that U-Omp19 inhibited protease activity from murine intestinal brush-border membranes and cysteine proteases from human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) promoting co-administered Ag accumulation within lysosomal compartments of IECs. In addition, we have shown that co-administration of U-Omp19 facilitated the transcellular passage of Ag through epithelial cell monolayers in vitro and in vivo while did not affect epithelial cell barrier permeability. Finally, oral co-delivery of U-Omp19 in mice induced the production of Ag-specific IgA in feces and the increment of CD103+ CD11b− CD8α+ dendritic cells subset at Peyer's patches. Taken together, these data describe a new mechanism of action of a mucosal adjuvant and support the use of this rationale/strategy in new oral delivery systems for vaccines. The bacterial protease inhibitor U-Omp19 limits antigens proteolysis by enterocytes. Oral co-administration of U-Omp19 increases antigen half-life inside enterocytes. U-Omp19 oral administration does not affect epithelial cell barrier permeability. Oral co-delivery of U-Omp19 increases frequency of dendritic cells bearing antigen. U-Omp19 increases the half-life and immunogenicity of cholera toxin subunit B antigen.
Collapse
|
30
|
Protamine nanocapsules as carriers for oral peptide delivery. J Control Release 2018; 291:157-168. [PMID: 30343137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptides represent a promising therapeutic class with the potential to alleviate many severe diseases. A key limitation of these active molecules relies on the difficulties for their efficient oral administration. The objective of this work has been the rational design of polymer nanocapsules (NCs) intended for the oral delivery of peptide drugs. For this purpose, we selected insulin glulisine as a model peptide. The polymer shell of the NCs was made of a single layer of protamine, a cationic polypeptide selected for its cell penetration properties, or a double protamine/polysialic acid (PSA) layer. Insulin glulisine-loaded protamine and protamine/PSA NCs, prepared by the solvent displacement method, exhibited a size that varied in the range of 200-400 nm and a neutral surface charge (from +8 mV to -6 mV), depending on the formulation. The stability of the encapsulated peptide was assessed using circular dichroism and an in vitro cell activity study. Colloidal stability studies were also performed in simulated intestinal media containing enzymes and the results indicated that protamine NCs were stable and able to protect insulin from the harsh intestinal environment, and that this capacity could be further enhanced with a double PSA-Protamine layer. These NCs were freeze-dried and stored at room temperature without alteration of the physicochemical properties. When the insulin-loaded protamine NCs were administered intra-intestinally to diabetic rats (12 h fasting) it resulted in a prolonged glucose reduction (60%) as compared to the control insulin solution. This work raises prospects that protamine NCs may have a potential as oral peptide delivery nanocarriers.
Collapse
|
31
|
An intestinal paracellular pathway biased toward positively-charged macromolecules. J Control Release 2018; 288:111-125. [PMID: 30194947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lacking an effective mechanism to safely and consistently enhance macromolecular uptake across the intestinal epithelium, prospects for successful development of oral therapeutic peptide drugs remain unlikely. We previously addressed this challenge by identifying an endogenous mechanism that controls intestinal paracellular permeability that can be activated by a peptide, termed PIP 640, which can increase cellular levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain at position S19 (MLC-pS19). Apical application in vitro or luminal application in vivo was shown to increase macromolecular solute transport within minutes that recovered completely within a few hours after removal. We now examine the nature of PIP 640-mediated permeability changes. Confluent Caco-2 cell monolayers treated with PIP 640 enhanced apical-to-basolateral (AB) transport of 4-kDa, but not 10-kDa, dextran. Expression and/or cellular distribution changes of tight junction (TJ) proteins were restricted to increased claudin-2 over a time course that correlated with an apparent shift in its distribution from the nucleus to the membrane fraction of the cell. PIP 640-mediated epithelial changes were distinct from the combined actions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). While TNF-α/IFN-γ treatment also increased MLC-pS19 levels, these cytokines enhanced AB transport for 70-kDa dextran and decreased occludin expression at TJs. Claudin-2-dependent changes induced by PIP 640 resulted in an AB transport bias for positively-charged macromolecules demonstrated in vitro using charge variants of 4-kDa dextrans and by comparing transport of salmon calcitonin to exenatide. Comparable outcomes of increased TJ localization of claudin-2 and enhanced transport of these therapeutic peptides that biased toward cationic characteristics was demonstrated in vivo following after intra-luminal injection into rat jejunum. Together, these data have shown a potential mechanism for PIP 640 to enhance paracellular permeability of solutes in the size range of small therapeutic peptides that is biased toward positively-charged solutes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wagner AM, Gran MP, Peppas NA. Designing the new generation of intelligent biocompatible carriers for protein and peptide delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:147-164. [PMID: 29719776 PMCID: PMC5925450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and peptides have revolutionized treatment for a number of diseases, and the expected increase in macromolecule-based therapies brings a new set of challenges for the pharmaceutics field. Due to their poor stability, large molecular weight, and poor transport properties, therapeutic proteins and peptides are predominantly limited to parenteral administration. The short serum half-lives typically require frequent injections to maintain an effective dose, and patient compliance is a growing issue as therapeutic protein treatments become more widely available. A number of studies have underscored the relationship of subcutaneous injections with patient non-adherence, estimating that over half of insulin-dependent adults intentionally skip injections. The development of oral formulations has the potential to address some issues associated with non-adherence including the interference with daily activities, embarrassment, and injection pain. Oral delivery can also help to eliminate the adverse effects and scar tissue buildup associated with repeated injections. However, there are several major challenges associated with oral delivery of proteins and peptides, such as the instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, low permeability, and a narrow absorption window in the intestine. This review provides a detailed overview of the oral delivery route and associated challenges. Recent advances in formulation and drug delivery technologies to enhance bioavailability are discussed, including the co-administration of compounds to alter conditions in the GI tract, the modification of the macromolecule physicochemical properties, and the use of improved targeted and controlled release carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Wagner
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Margaret P. Gran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Corresponding author at: McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Tel.: +1 512 471 6644; fax: +1 512 471 8227.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Uehara S, Sawangrat K, Morishita M, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Improvement of intestinal absorption of curcumin by cyclodextrins and the mechanisms underlying absorption enhancement. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:340-349. [PMID: 29157961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities for the treatment of chronic or inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and various cancers. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin is restricted by its poor bioavailability after oral administration. In this study, the effects of various cyclodextrins on the intestinal absorption of curcumin were evaluated in rat intestine by an in situ closed-loop method. Among the tested cyclodextrins, 50 mM α-cyclodextrin significantly enhanced the absorption of curcumin without inducing any intestinal toxicity. The analysis of cellular transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers showed that 50 mM α-cyclodextrin reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance value of cell monolayers and improved the permeability of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, a poorly absorbable drug, which is mainly transported via a paracellular pathway. Furthermore, the western blotting analysis showed that α-cyclodextrin decreased the expression of claudin-4, a tight junction-associated protein, in brush border membrane vesicles. Additionally, α-cyclodextrin increased the membrane fluidity of lipid bilayers in brush border membrane vesicles and may also have promoted the permeation of drug molecules via a transcellular pathway. These results suggested that α-cyclodextrin might enhance the intestinal absorption of curcumin via both paracellular and transcellular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Uehara
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kasirawat Sawangrat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu X, Zheng S, Qin Y, Ding W, Tu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Yanhua L, Cai X. Experimental Evaluation of the Transport Mechanisms of PoIFN-α in Caco-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:781. [PMID: 29163167 PMCID: PMC5681924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development of an efficient intestinal delivery system for Porcine interferon-α (PoIFN-α), the understanding of transport mechanisms of which in the intestinal cell is essential. In this study, we investigated the absorption mechanisms of PoIFN-α in intestine cells. Caco-2 cells and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled (FITC)-PoIFN-α were used to explore the whole transport process, including endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, exocytosis, and transcytosis. Via various techniques, the transport pathways of PoIFN-α in Caco-2 cells and the mechanisms were clarified. Firstly, the endocytosis of PoIFN-α by Caco-2 cells was time, concentration and temperature dependence. And the lipid raft/caveolae endocytosis was the most likely endocytic pathway for PoIFN-α. Secondly, both Golgi apparatus and lysosome were involved in the intracellular trafficking of PoIFN-α. Thirdly, the treatment of indomethacin resulted in a significant decrease of exocytosis of PoIFN-α, indicating the participation of cyclooxygenase. Finally, to evaluate the efficiency of PoIFN-α transport, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was measured to investigate the tight junctional integrity of the cell monolayers. The fluorescence microscope results revealed that the transport of PoIFN-α across the Caco-2 cell monolayers was restricted. In conclusion, this study depicts a probable picture of PoIFN-α transport in Caco-2 cells characterized by non-specificity, partial energy-dependency and low transcytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Sidi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yabin Tu
- Harbin Veterinary Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xingru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yunzhou Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yanhua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Harbin Veterinary Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A Multiparticulate Delivery System for Potential Colonic Targeting Using Bovine Serum Albumin as a Model Protein : Theme: Formulation and Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms Guest Editors: Tony Zhou and Tonglei Li. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2663-2674. [PMID: 28808837 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are many important diseases whose treatment could be improved by delivering a therapeutic protein to the colon, for example, Clostridium difficile infection, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease. The goal of this project was to investigate the feasibility of colonic delivery of proteins using multiparticulate beads. METHODS In this work, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was adopted as a model protein. BSA was spray layered onto beads, followed by coating of an enteric polymer EUDRAGIT® FS 30 D to develop a colonic delivery system. The secondary and tertiary structure change and aggregation of BSA during spray layering process was examined. The BSA layered beads were then challenged in an accelerated stability study using International Council for Harmonization (ICH) conditions. The in vitro release of BSA from enteric coated beads was examined using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) dissolution apparatus 1. RESULTS No significant changes in the secondary and tertiary structure or aggregation profile of BSA were observed after the spray layering process. Degradation of BSA to different extents was detected after storing at 25°C and 40°C for 38 days. Enteric coated BSA beads were intact in acidic media while released BSA in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. CONCLUSION We showed the feasibility of delivering proteins to colon in vitro using multiparticulate system.
Collapse
|
36
|
Xing C, Xing JF, Ge ZQ. Inhibition of proteases activity in intestine needs a sustainable acidic environment rather than a transient. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1648-1655. [PMID: 28541760 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1328433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Chymotrypsin (α-CT) and trypsin are important components of the enzymatic barrier. They could degrade the therapeutic proteins and peptides, inhibit their activity consequently, and thereby reduce their oral bioavailability. Acidic agents, as one type of indirect protease inhibitors, have shown proof of concept in clinical trials. We report here the inactivated proteases due to acid influence can be reactivated immediately by environmental pH recovery regardless of how long the inactivation last. To keep the inactivation time of proteases for 4-5 h, we designed and prepared a sustained-release tablet containing citric acid (CA) which can effectively reduce the pH below 5.0 and maintain it for 5 h in the dissolution-reaction medium. The activity of α-CT and trypsin was quantified by analyzing the residual amount of their respective substrates BTEE and TAME. More than 80% of the substrates were survived in 5.0 h of incubation, whereas the common tablet inhibited the proteases activity for only two hours in the same experimental medium. It indicates that the sustained-release tablet loaded with CA can efficiently inhibit the α-CT and trypsin activity longer than the common tablet. The results will be beneficial for designing and formulating the peroral administration of peptide and protein drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xing
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Xing
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ge
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering , Tianjin , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yan C, Gu J, Lv Y, Shi W, Jing H. Improved intestinal absorption of water-soluble drugs by acetylation of G2 PAMAM dendrimer nanocomplexes in rat. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:408-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
38
|
Li Y, Yokoyama W, Xu S, Zhu S, Ma J, Zhong F. Formation and stability of W/O microemulsion formed by food grade ingredients and its oral delivery of insulin in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
39
|
Wong CY, Martinez J, Carnagarin R, Dass CR. In-vitro evaluation of enteric coated insulin tablets containing absorption enhancer and enzyme inhibitor. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:285-294. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an enteric coated insulin tablet formulation using polymers, absorption enhancer and enzyme inhibitor, which protect the tablets in acidic pH and enhance systemic bioavailability.
Methods
In this study, the influence of coating by cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate solution and chosen excipients on Glut-4 transporter translocation in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was examined. Following the determination of optimum number of coating layers, two dissolution buffers such as 0.01 m hydrochloric acid, pH 2, and 50 mm phosphate, pH 7.4, were employed to determine the in-vitro release of insulin.
Key findings
Insulin was protected by the coating during the dissolution process. Five (5-CL) coating layers and eight (8-CL) coating layers had minimal insulin release in hydrochloric acid, but not three (3-CL) coating layers. Glut-4 translocation in C2C12 cells was promoted by the chosen excipients. No detrimental metabolic effects were observed in these cells.
Conclusion
To date, limited studies combine the overall effectiveness of multiple excipients. Our study showed that the coated tablets have an immediate release effect in phosphate buffer. In Glut-4 translocation assay, insulin was still functional after releasing from the tablet. Such tablet formulation can be potentially beneficial to type 1 diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jorge Martinez
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Pharmaceutical Technology Facility, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li X, Kawamura A, Sato Y, Morishita M, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Improvement of the Solubility and Intestinal Absorption of Curcumin by N-Acyl Taurates and Elucidation of the Absorption-Enhancing Mechanisms. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2175-2182. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ami Kawamura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang H, Huang X, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Efficacy, safety and mechanism of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers as absorption enhancers on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:474-482. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1264412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hecq J, Amighi K, Goole J. Development and evaluation of insulin-loaded cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
43
|
Thwala LN, Beloqui A, Csaba NS, González-Touceda D, Tovar S, Dieguez C, Alonso MJ, Préat V. The interaction of protamine nanocapsules with the intestinal epithelium: A mechanistic approach. J Control Release 2016; 243:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
44
|
Nakaya Y, Takaya M, Hinatsu Y, Alama T, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Enhanced Oral Delivery of Bisphosphonate by Novel Absorption Enhancers: Improvement of Intestinal Absorption of Alendronate by N- Acyl Amino Acids and N- Acyl Taurates and Their Absorption-Enhancing Mechanisms. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3680-3690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
45
|
Malhaire H, Gimel JC, Roger E, Benoît JP, Lagarce F. How to design the surface of peptide-loaded nanoparticles for efficient oral bioavailability? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:320-336. [PMID: 27058155 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The oral administration of proteins is a current challenge to be faced in the field of therapeutics. There is currently much interest in nanocarriers since they can enhance oral bioavailability. For lack of a clear definition, the key characteristics of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Specific surface area is one of these characteristics and represents a huge source of energy that can be used to control the biological fate of the carrier. The review discusses nanocarrier stability, mucus interaction and absorption through the intestinal epithelium. The protein corona, which has raised interest over the last decade, is also discussed. The universal ideal surface is a myth and over-coated carriers are not a solution either. Besides, common excipients can be useful on several targets. The suitable design should rather take into account the composition, structure and behavior of unmodified nanomaterials.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lipid-based nanocarriers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:337-354. [PMID: 27080735 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article is aimed to overview the lipid-based nanostructures designed so far for the oral administration of peptides and proteins, and to analyze the influence of their composition and physicochemical (particle size, zeta potential) and pharmaceutical (drug loading and release) properties, on their interaction with the gastro-intestinal environment, and the subsequent PK/PD profile of the associated drugs. The ultimate goal has been to highlight and comparatively analyze the key factors that may be determinant of the success of these nanocarriers for oral peptide delivery. The article ends with some prospects on the challenges to be addressed for the intended commercial success of these delivery vehicles.
Collapse
|
47
|
Maher S, Mrsny RJ, Brayden DJ. Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:277-319. [PMID: 27320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation enhancement action of over 250 PEs that have been tested in intestinal delivery models. In depth analysis of pre-clinical data is presented for PEs as components of proprietary delivery systems that have progressed to clinical trials. Given the importance of co-presentation of sufficiently high concentrations of PE and peptide at the small intestinal epithelium, there is an emphasis on studies where PEs have been formulated with poorly permeable molecules in solid dosage forms and lipoidal dispersions.
Collapse
|
48
|
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an oral multiple-unit formulation for colonic delivery of insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
49
|
Enhanced oral delivery of alendronate by sucrose fatty acids esters in rats and their absorption-enhancing mechanisms. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:476-489. [PMID: 27793710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most fascinating route for interminable drug remedy. However, the intestinal absorption of alendronate (ALN), a bisphosphonate drug after oral administration is very poor. Absorption enhancers, which help to achieve the efficiency-safety balance, are considered one of the most promising agents for the improvement the intestinal absorption of drugs. In the current study, we focused on using sucrose fatty acid esters (SEs) as promising absorption enhancers to enhance the intestinal absorption of alendronate using an in situ closed-loop method in rats. The intestinal absorption of alendronate was significantly enhanced in the presence of SEs, especially L-1695. In addition, no considerable increase was observed in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or in protein release from the intestinal epithelium in the presence of sugar esters at concentrations equivalent to or lower than 1.0% (w/v), suggesting that these compounds are safe. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed increased membrane fluidity and loosening of the tight junctions (TJs) might be the underlying mechanism by which SEs improve the intestinal intake of alendronate, via transcellular and paracellular routes, respectively. These findings suggest that SEs are effective absorption enhancers for improving the intestinal absorption of alendronate, without causing serious damage to the enteric epithelium.
Collapse
|
50
|
Preparation and Evaluation of Enteric-Coated Chitosan Derivative-Based Microparticles Loaded with Salmon Calcitonin as an Oral Delivery System. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091546. [PMID: 27649146 PMCID: PMC5037820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The production of protein drugs has recently increased due to advances in biotechnology, but their clinical use is generally limited to parenteral administration due to low absorption in non-parenteral administration. Therefore, non-parenteral delivery systems allowing sufficient absorption draw much attention. Methods: Microparticles (MP) were prepared using chitosan-4-thio-butylamidine conjugate (Ch-TBA), trimethyl-chitosan (TMC), and chitosan (Ch). Using salmon calcitonin (sCT) as a model protein drug, Ch-TBA-, Ch-TBA/TMC (4/1)-, and Ch-based MP were produced, and their Eudragit L100 (Eud)-coated MP, named Ch-TBA-MP/Eud, Ch-TBA/TMC-MP/Eud, and Ch-MP/Eud, respectively, were prepared as oral delivery systems. These enteric-coated microparticles were examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: All microparticles before and after enteric coating had a submicron size (600–800 nm) and micrometer size (1300–1500 nm), respectively. In vitro release patterns were similar among all microparticles; release occurred gradually, and the release rate was slower at pH 1.2 than at pH 6.8. In oral ingestion, Ch-TBA-MP/Eud suppressed plasma Ca levels most effectively among the microparticles tested. The relative effectiveness of Ch-TBA-MP/Eud to the intramuscular injection was 8.6%, while the sCT solution showed no effectiveness. Conclusion: The results suggest that Eud-coated Ch-TBA-based microparticles should have potential as an oral delivery system of protein drugs.
Collapse
|