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Ruturaj, Mishra M, Saha S, Maji S, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Schreiner R, Gupta A. Regulation of the apico-basolateral trafficking polarity of the homologous copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261258. [PMID: 38032054 PMCID: PMC10729821 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The homologous P-type copper-ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are the key regulators of copper homeostasis in mammalian cells. In polarized epithelia, upon copper treatment, ATP7A and ATP7B traffic from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to basolateral and apical membranes, respectively. We characterized the sorting pathways of Cu-ATPases between TGN and the plasma membrane and identified the machinery involved. ATP7A and ATP7B reside on distinct domains of TGN in limiting copper conditions, and in high copper, ATP7A traffics to basolateral membrane, whereas ATP7B traverses common recycling, apical sorting and apical recycling endosomes en route to apical membrane. Mass spectrometry identified regulatory partners of ATP7A and ATP7B that include the adaptor protein-1 complex. Upon knocking out pan-AP-1, sorting of both Cu-ATPases is disrupted. ATP7A loses its trafficking polarity and localizes on both apical and basolateral surfaces in high copper. By contrast, ATP7B loses TGN retention but retained its trafficking polarity to the apical domain, which became copper independent. Using isoform-specific knockouts, we found that the AP-1A complex provides directionality and TGN retention for both Cu-ATPases, whereas the AP-1B complex governs copper-independent trafficking of ATP7B solely. Trafficking phenotypes of Wilson disease-causing ATP7B mutants that disrupts putative ATP7B-AP1 interaction further substantiates the role of AP-1 in apical sorting of ATP7B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruturaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Soumyendu Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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2
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De Feyter S, Beyens A, Callewaert B. ATP7A-related copper transport disorders: A systematic review and definition of the clinical subtypes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:163-173. [PMID: 36692329 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In patients with ATP7A-related disorders, counseling is challenging due to clinical overlap between the entities, the absence of predictive biomarkers and a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. We performed a systematic literature review by querying the MEDLINE and Embase databases identifying 143 relevant papers. We recorded data on the phenotype and genotype in 162 individuals with a molecularly confirmed ATP7A-related disorder in order to identify differentiating clinical criteria, evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations and propose management guidelines. Early seizures are specific for classical Menkes disease (CMD), that is characterized by early-onset neurodegenerative disease with high mortality rates. Ataxia is an independent indicator for atypical Menkes disease, that shows better survival rates than CMD. Bony exostoses, radial head dislocations, herniations and dental abnormalities are specific for occipital horn syndrome (OHS) that may further present with developmental delay and connective tissue manifestations. Intracranial tortuosity and bladder diverticula, both with high risk of complications, are common among all subtypes. Low ceruloplasmin is a more sensitive and discriminating biomarker for ATP7A-related disorders than serum copper. Truncating mutations are frequently associated with CMD, in contrast with splice site and intronic mutations which are more prevalent in OHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Feyter
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Beyens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Copper Toxicity Is Not Just Oxidative Damage: Zinc Systems and Insight from Wilson Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030316. [PMID: 33804693 PMCID: PMC8003939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are important cofactors in diverse cellular processes, while metal imbalance may impact or be altered by disease state. Cu is essential for aerobic life with significant functions in oxidation-reduction catalysis. This redox reactivity requires precise intracellular handling and molecular-to-organismal levels of homeostatic control. As the central organ of Cu homeostasis in vertebrates, the liver has long been associated with Cu storage disorders including Wilson Disease (WD) (heritable human Cu toxicosis), Idiopathic Copper Toxicosis and Endemic Tyrolean Infantile Cirrhosis. Cu imbalance is also associated with chronic liver diseases that arise from hepatitis viral infection or other liver injury. The labile redox characteristic of Cu is often discussed as a primary mechanism of Cu toxicity. However, work emerging largely from the study of WD models suggests that Cu toxicity may have specific biochemical consequences that are not directly attributable to redox activity. This work reviews Cu toxicity with a focus on the liver and proposes that Cu accumulation specifically impacts Zn-dependent processes. The prospect that Cu toxicity has specific biochemical impacts that are not entirely attributable to redox may promote further inquiry into Cu toxicity in WD and other Cu-associated disorders.
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4
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Kumar V, Pandita S, Singh Sidhu GP, Sharma A, Khanna K, Kaur P, Bali AS, Setia R. Copper bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and tolerance in plants: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127810. [PMID: 32763578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element for humans and plants when present in lesser amount, while in excessive amounts it exerts detrimental effects. There subsists a narrow difference amid the indispensable, positive and detrimental concentration of Cu in living system, which substantially alters with Cu speciation, and form of living organisms. Consequently, it is vital to monitor its bioavailability, speciation, exposure levels and routes in the living organisms. The ingestion of Cu-laced food crops is the key source of this heavy metal toxicity in humans. Hence, it is necessary to appraise the biogeochemical behaviour of Cu in soil-plant system with esteem to their quantity and speciation. On the basis of existing research, this appraisal traces a probable connexion midst: Cu levels, sources, chemistry, speciation and bioavailability in the soil. Besides, the functions of protein transporters in soil-plant Cu transport, and the detrimental effect of Cu on morphological, physiological and nutrient uptake in plants has also been discussed in the current manuscript. Mechanisms related to detoxification strategies like antioxidative response and generation of glutathione and phytochelatins to combat Cu-induced toxicity in plants is discussed as well. We also delimits the Cu accretion in food crops and allied health perils from soils encompassing less or high Cu quantity. Finally, an overview of various techniques involved in the reclamation and restoration of Cu-contaminated soils has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu, 182144, India.
| | - Shevita Pandita
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Independent Researcher, House No.282, Lane no. 3, Friends Colony, Opposite DAV College, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Independent Researcher, House No. 472, Ward No. 8, Dhariwal, Gurdaspur, 143519, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Shreeya Bali
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Raj Setia
- Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, India
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5
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Stability constants of bio-relevant, redox-active metals with amino acids: The challenges of weakly binding ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Lopriore P, Capitanio N, Panatta E, Di Daniele N, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 regulates ATP7A: possible implications for ageing-related diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3745-3760. [PMID: 30530920 PMCID: PMC6326685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p73 controls a wide range of cellular function. Deletion of p73 in mice results in increased tumorigenesis, infertility, neurological defects and altered immune system. Despite the extensive effort directed to define the molecular underlying mechanism of p73 function a clear definition of its transcriptional signature and the extent of overlap with the other p53 family members is still missing. Here we describe a novel TAp73 target, ATP7A a member of a large family of P-type ATPases implicated in human neurogenerative conditions and cancer chemoresistance. Modulation of TAp73 expression influences basal expression level of ATP7A in different cellular models and chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed a physical direct binding of TAp73 on ATP7A genomic regions. Bioinformatic analysis of expression profile datasets of human lung cancer patients suggests a possible implication of TAp73/ATP7A axis in human cancer. These data provide a novel TAp73-dependent target which might have implications in ageing-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
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7
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Skopp A, Boyd SD, Ullrich MS, Liu L, Winkler DD. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) activation terminates interaction between its copper chaperone (Ccs) and the cytosolic metal-binding domain of the copper importer Ctr1. Biometals 2019; 32:695-705. [PMID: 31292775 PMCID: PMC6647829 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is a critical antioxidant enzyme that rids the cell of reactive oxygen through the redox cycling of a catalytic copper ion provided by its copper chaperone (Ccs). Ccs must first acquire this copper ion, directly or indirectly, from the influx copper transporter, Ctr1. The three proteins of this transport pathway ensure careful trafficking of copper ions from cell entry to target delivery, but the intricacies remain undefined. Biochemical examination of each step in the pathway determined that the activation of the target (Sod1) regulates the Ccs·Ctr1 interaction. Ccs stably interacts with the cytosolic C-terminal tail of Ctr1 (Ctr1c) in a copper-dependent manner. This interaction becomes tripartite upon the addition of an engineered immature form of Sod1 creating a stable Cu(I)-Ctr1c·Ccs·Sod1 heterotrimer in solution. This heterotrimer can also be made by the addition of a preformed Sod1·Ccs heterodimer to Cu(I)-Ctr1c, suggestive of multiple routes to the same destination. Only complete Sod1 activation (i.e. active site copper delivery and intra-subunit disulfide bond formation) breaks the Sod1·Ccs·Ctr1c complex. The results provide a new and extended view of the Sod1 activation pathway(s) originating at cellular copper import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Skopp
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Stefanie D Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Morgan S Ullrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Duane D Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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8
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Arora A, Kaushal J, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar S. Ruthenium(II)‐Polypyridyl‐Based Sensor Bearing a DPA Unit for Selective Detection of Cu(II) Ion in Aqueous Medium. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Arora
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical Sciences (SoPS)Doon University Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Jolly Kaushal
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical Sciences (SoPS)Doon University Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical Sciences (SoPS)Doon University Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of ChemistryMahamana Malviya College Khekra (Baghpat)C.C.S. University Meerut India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical Sciences (SoPS)Doon University Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
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9
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Berzina A, Martinsone I, Svirskis S, Murovska M, Kalis M. Curcumin Effect on Copper Transport in HepG2 Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E14. [PMID: 30344245 PMCID: PMC6037243 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: In Wilson's disease, copper metabolism is impaired due to defective copper transporting protein ATP7B, resulting in copper accumulation in liver and brain and causing damage to liver and brain tissues. Published data suggest that one of the possible treatments for Wilson's disease is curcumin-a compound found in the root of Curcuma longa. In this study, we tested whether curcumin affects copper transport and excretion in HepG2 hepatocytes carrying wildtype ATP7B. Materials and Methods: We examined the impact of 5 µM and 25 µM curcumin on the transport of copper in HepG2 cells incubated with 20 µM and 100 µM CuCl₂, as well as copper excretion from cells. First, immunofluorescent staining and co-localization analysis were carried out in HepG2 cells using confocal laser scanning microscope and Nikon NIS Elements software. Second, a concentration of copper extracted into cell culture medium was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The analysis of the co-localization between Golgi complex and ATP7B revealed that both 5 µM and 25 µM doses of curcumin improve the ability of liver cells to transport copper to plasma membrane at 20 µM CuCl₂, but not at 100 µM CuCl₂ concentration. However, atomic absorption spectrometry showed that curcumin rather promotes copper absorption into liver cell line HepG2 than excretion of it. Conclusions: Curcumin accelerates the transport of copper within liver cells, but does not promote copper excretion from HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Berzina
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Inese Martinsone
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Simons Svirskis
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Modra Murovska
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Martins Kalis
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
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10
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Endrizzi F, Di Bernardo P, Zanonato PL, Tisato F, Porchia M, Ahmed Isse A, Melchior A, Tolazzi M. Cu(i) and Ag(i) complex formation with the hydrophilic phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphadamantane in different ionic media. How to estimate the effect of a complexing medium. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:1455-1466. [PMID: 28074209 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of Cu(i) and Ag(i) with 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphadamantane (PTA) are currently studied for their potential clinical use as anticancer agents, given the cytotoxicity they exhibited in vitro towards a panel of several human tumor cell lines. These metallodrugs are prepared in the form of [M(PTA)4]+ (M = Cu+, Ag+) compounds and dissolved in physiological solution for their administration. However, the nature of the species involved in the cytotoxic activity of the compounds is often unknown. In the present work, the thermodynamics of formation of the complexes of Cu(i) and Ag(i) with PTA in aqueous solution is investigated by means of potentiometric, spectrophotometric and microcalorimetric methods. The results show that both metal(i) ions form up to four successive complexes with PTA. The formation of Ag(i) complexes is studied at 298.15 K in 0.1 M NaNO3 whereas the formation of the Cu(i) one is studied in 1 M NaCl, where Cu(i) is stabilized by the formation of three successive chloro-complexes. Therefore, for this latter system, conditional stability constants and thermodynamic data are obtained. To estimate the affinity of Cu(i) for PTA in the absence of chloride, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been done to obtain the stoichiometry and the relative stability of the possible Cu/PTA/Cl species. Results indicate that one chloride ion is involved in the formation of the first two complexes of Cu(i) ([CuCl(PTA)] and [CuCl(PTA)2]) whereas it is absent in the successive ones ([Cu(PTA)3]+ and [Cu(PTA)4]+). The combination of DFT results and thermodynamic experimental data has been used to estimate the stability constants of the four [Cu(PTA)n]+ (n = 1-4) complexes in an ideal non-complexing medium. The calculated stability constants are higher than the corresponding conditional values and show that PTA prefers Cu(i) to the Ag(i) ion. The approach used here to estimate the hidden role of chloride on the conditional stability constants of Cu(i) complexes may be applied to any Cu(i)/ligand system, provided that the stoichiometry of the species in NaCl solution is known. The speciation for the two systems shows that the [M(PTA)4]+ (M = Cu+, Ag+) complexes present in the metallodrugs are dissociated into lower stoichiometry species when diluted to the micromolar concentration range, typical of the in vitro biological testing. Accordingly, [Cu(PTA)2]+, [Cu(PTA)3]+ and [Ag(PTA)2]+ are predicted to be the species actually involved in the cytotoxic activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Endrizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. and Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Plinio Di Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pier Luigi Zanonato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | - Abdirisak Ahmed Isse
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Laboratori di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Laboratori di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
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11
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Moinuddin FM, Shinsato Y, Komatsu M, Mitsuo R, Minami K, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Hirano H, Arita K, Furukawa T. ATP7B expression confers multidrug resistance through drug sequestration. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22779-90. [PMID: 26988911 PMCID: PMC5008400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that ATP7B is involved in cisplatin resistance and ATP7A confers multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. In this study, we show that ATP7B expressing cells also are resistant to doxorubicin, SN-38, etoposide, and paclitaxel as well as cisplatin. In ATP7B expressing cells, doxorubicin relocated from the nuclei to the late-endosome at 4 hours after doxorubicin exposure. EGFP-ATP7B mainly colocalized with doxorubicin. ATP7B has six metal binding sites (MBSs) in the N-terminal cytoplasmic region. To investigate the role of the MBSs of ATP7B in doxorubicin resistance, we used three mutant ATP7B (Cu0, Cu6 and M6C/S) expressing cells. Cu0 has no MBSs, Cu6 has only the sixth MBS and M6C/S carries CXXC to SXXS mutation in the sixth MBS. Cu6 expressing cells were less resistance to the anticancer agents than wild type ATP7B expressing cells, and had doxorubicin sequestration in the late-endosome. Cu0- and M6C/S-expressing cells were sensitive to doxorubicin. In these cells, doxorubicin did not relocalize to the late-endosome. EGFP-M6C/S mainly localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) even in the presence of copper. Thus the cysteine residues in the sixth MBS of ATP7B are essential for MDR phenotype. Finally, we found that ammonium chloride and tamoxifen suppressed late endosomal sequestration of doxorubicin, thereby attenuating drug resistance. These results suggest that the sequestration depends on the acidity of the vesicles partly. We here demonstrate that ATP7B confers MDR by facilitating nuclear drug efflux and late endosomal drug sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Moinuddin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masaharu Komatsu
- Division of Food and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20, Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mitsuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohich Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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12
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Spain JA, Cressman S, Marin H, Patel SC, Corrigan JJ, Griffith B. Cord Topographical Anatomy and its Role in Evaluating Intramedullary Lesions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2017; 47:437-444. [PMID: 29054315 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal lesions present a wide differential diagnosis including infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, ischemic, benign, or malignant neoplastic etiologies. Using knowledge of anatomy and physiology within the spinal cord, many similar appearing entities can be parsed into a prioritized differential. The purpose of this article is to review anatomy and pathophysiology of the spinal cord, with subsequent discussion of how this knowledge can be used to differentiate several similar appearing intramedullary pathologic processes. Discussion includes the pathophysiology, imaging findings, and clinical pearls of several intramural lesions including infarct, demyelinating lesions, traumatic injury, neoplasm, vascular malformation, and metabolic processes such as subacute combined degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Cressman
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Horia Marin
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Suresh C Patel
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - John J Corrigan
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Brent Griffith
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.
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13
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Shoshan MS, Tshuva EY. Effective Inhibition of Cellular ROS Production by MXCXXC-Type Peptides: Potential Therapeutic Applications in Copper-Homeostasis Disorders. Chemistry 2016; 22:9077-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal S. Shoshan
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
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14
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Synthetic fluorescent probes to map metallostasis and intracellular fate of zinc and copper. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Shoshan MS, Lehman Y, Goch W, Bal W, Tshuva EY, Metanis N. Selenocysteine containing analogues of Atx1-based peptides protect cells from copper ion toxicity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6979-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00849f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Seleno-substituted model peptides of copper metallochaperone proteins display particularly high Cu(i) affinity andin vitroanti-oxidative reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yonat Lehman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Wojciech Goch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warszawa 02106
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warszawa 02106
- Poland
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
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16
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Verwilst P, Sunwoo K, Kim JS. The role of copper ions in pathophysiology and fluorescent sensors for the detection thereof. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5556-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper ions are crucial to life, and some fundamental roles of copper in pathophysiology have been elucidated using fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Univesity
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Sunwoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Univesity
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Univesity
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
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17
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Fehse S, Nowag S, Quadir M, Kim KS, Haag R, Multhaup G. Copper Transport Mediated by Nanocarrier Systems in a Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro Model. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1910-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fehse
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade
Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Building, Room 1325, Montreal, QC Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Sabrina Nowag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine,
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 200 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade
Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Building, Room 1325, Montreal, QC Canada H3G 1Y6
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18
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19
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Abstract
We have developed a chemical biology strategy to identify proteins that follow the retrograde transport route from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus, via endosomes. The general principle is the following: plasma membrane proteins are covalently tagged with a first probe. Only the ones that are then transported to trans-Golgi/TGN membranes are covalently bound to a capture reagent that has been engineered into this compartment. Specifically, the first probe is benzylguanine (BG) that is conjugated onto primary amino groups of plasma-membrane proteins. The capture reagent includes an O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase-derived fragment, the SNAP-tag, which forms a covalent linkage with BG. The SNAP-tag is fused to the GFP-tagged Golgi membrane anchor from galactosyl transferase for proper targeting to trans-Golgi/TGN membranes. Cell-surface BG-tagged proteins that are transported to trans-Golgi/TGN membranes (i.e., that are retrograde cargoes) are thereby covalently captured by the SNAP-tag fusion protein. For identification, the latter is immunopurified using GFP-Trap, and associated retrograde cargo proteins are identified by mass spectrometry. We here provide a step-by-step protocol of this method.
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20
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Yang L, Huang Z, Li F. Structural insights into the transmembrane domains of human copper transporter 1. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:449-55. [PMID: 22615137 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) mediates cellular uptake of copper and Pt-based chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. In this paper, we determined the three-dimensional structure and oligomerization of the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of hCtr1 in 40% HFIP aqueous solution by using solution-state NMR spectroscopy. We firstly revealed that TMD1 forms an α-helical structure from Gly67 to Glu84 and is dimerized by close packing of its C-terminal helix; TMD2 forms an α-helical structure from Leu134 to Thr155 and is self-associated as a trimer by the hydrophobic contact of TMD2 monomers; TMD3 adopts a discontinuous helix structure, known as 'α-helix-coiled segment-α-helix', and is dimerized by the interaction between the N-terminal helices. The motif GxxxG in TMD3 is not fully involved in the helix, but partially unstructured as a linker between helices. The flexible linker of TMD3 may serve as a gating adapter to mediate pore on and off switch. The differences in the structure and aggregation of the TMD peptides may be related to their different roles in the channel formation and transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
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21
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Shi G, Azoulay M, Dingli F, Lamaze C, Loew D, Florent JC, Johannes L. SNAP-tag based proteomics approach for the study of the retrograde route. Traffic 2012; 13:914-25. [PMID: 22443104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics is a powerful technique for protein identification at large scales. A number of proteomics approaches have been developed to study the steady state composition of intracellular compartments. Here, we report a novel vectorial proteomics strategy to identify plasma membrane proteins that undergo retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This strategy is based on the covalent modification of the plasma membrane proteome with a membrane impermeable benzylguanine derivative. Benzylguanine-tagged plasma membrane proteins that are subsequently targeted to the retrograde route are covalently captured by a TGN-localized SNAP-tagged fusion protein, which allows for their identification. The approach was validated step-by-step using a well explored retrograde cargo protein, the B-subunit of Shiga toxin. It was then extended to the proteomics format. Among other hits we found one of the historically first identified cargo proteins that undergo retrograde transport, which further validated our approach. Most of the other hits were kinases, receptors or transporters. In conclusion, we have pioneered a vectorial proteomics approach that complements traditional methods for the study of retrograde protein trafficking. This approach is of generic nature and could in principle be extended to other endocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getao Shi
- Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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22
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Chemistry-based protein modification strategy for endocytic pathway analysis. Biol Cell 2012; 102:351-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bc20100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Dual effects of curcumin on neuronal oxidative stress in the presence of Cu(II). Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1578-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Kim YH, Lee R, Yoo HW, Yum MS, Bae SH, Chung SC, Park YM, Son JS. Identification of a novel mutation in the ATP7A gene in a Korean patient with Menkes disease. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:951-3. [PMID: 21738351 PMCID: PMC3124728 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Menkes disease is an infantile-onset X-linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by diverse mutations in a copper-transport gene, ATP7A. Affected patients are characterized by progressive hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive and death in early childhood. Here, we report a case of Menkes disease presented by intractable seizures and infantile spasms. A 3-month-old male infant had visited our pediatric clinic for lethargy, floppy muscle tone, poor oral intake and partial seizures. His hair was kinky, brown colored and fragile. Partial seizures became more frequent, generalized and intractable to antiseizure medications. An EEG showed frequent posteriorly dominant generalized spikes that were consistent with a generalized seizure. From a genetic analysis, a c.2743C>T (p.Gln915X) mutation was detected and diagnosed as Menkes disease. The mutation is a novel one that has not been previously reported as a cause of Menkes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwan Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Chung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mean Park
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Son
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Kasala D, Lin TS, Chen CY, Liu GC, Kao CL, Cheng TL, Wang YM. [Gd(Try-TTDA)(H2O)]2−: A new MRI contrast agent for copper ion sensing. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5018-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Hardman B, Luff S, Ackland M. Differential intracellular localisation of the Menkes and Wilson copper transporting ATPases in the third trimester human placenta. Placenta 2011; 32:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Chen HR, Yang HC, Hsieh DJY, Liu Z, Tsai KJ. Zebrafish sod1 and sp1 expression are modulated by the copper ATPase gene atp7a in response to intracellular copper status. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 189:192-7. [PMID: 21167140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal for physiological functions, whereas copper overload causes cytotoxicity in living organisms. Genetically determined systems regulate acquisition, distribution and storage for copper maintenance and homeostasis. The Human ATP7A copper transport ATPase modulates intracellular copper distribution, which is critical for copper-dependent enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1). To investigate the role of zebrafish ATP7A in copper homeostasis, zebrafish atp7a gene expression was reduced for analysis of downstream cellular function. The results demonstrated that zebrafish sod1 has lower expression in atp7a-knockdown fish. Similarly, zebrafish sp1, a transcriptional regulator of sod1, also shows reduced expression in atp7a-knockdown fish. The lower expression of sod1 resulting from atp7a knockdown is independent to p53 gene activation. The knockdown of atp7a and copper chelator NeoC results in hypopigmentation and notochord deformation in zebrafish. Addition of exogenous copper alleviated the impaired development. Interestingly, both sod1 and sp1 transcripts are reduced in the presence of NeoC and increased with exogenous copper, suggesting that the expression of sod1 and sp1 are directly affected by copper status. This is the first report to demonstrate a hierarchic gene expression of copper homeostatic genes between atp7a, sp1 and sod1 in zebrafish.
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28
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Affinity gradients drive copper to cellular destinations. Nature 2010; 465:645-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Bahadorani S, Bahadorani P, Marcon E, Walker DW, Hilliker AJ. A Drosophila model of Menkes disease reveals a role for DmATP7 in copper absorption and neurodevelopment. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:84-91. [PMID: 20038716 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Menkes disease is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder of copper metabolism that is caused by mutations in the ATP7A copper-transporting gene. In the present study, we attempted to construct a Drosophila model of Menkes disease by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced silencing of DmATP7, the Drosophila orthologue of mammalian ATP7A, in the digestive tract. Here, we show that a lowered level of DmATP7 mRNA in the digestive tract results in a reduced copper content in the head and the rest of the body of surviving adults, presumably owing to copper entrapment in the gut. Similar to Menkes patients, a majority of flies exhibit an impaired neurological development during metamorphosis and die before eclosion. In addition, we show that survival to the adult stage is highly dependent on the copper content of the food and that overexpression of the copper homeostasis gene, metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), enhances survival to the adulthood stage. Taken together, these results highlight the role of DmATP7-mediated copper uptake in the neurodevelopment of Drosophila melanogaster and provide a framework for the analysis of potential gene interactions influencing Menkes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Bahadorani
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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30
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Zhang Y, Gladyshev VN. Comparative Genomics of Trace Elements: Emerging Dynamic View of Trace Element Utilization and Function. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4828-61. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800557s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
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31
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Abstract
Copper uptake proteins (CTRs), mediate cellular acquisition of the essential metal copper in all eukaryotes. Here, we report the structure of the human CTR1 protein solved by electron crystallography to an in plane resolution of 7 A. Reminiscent of the design of traditional ion channels, trimeric hCTR1 creates a pore that stretches across the membrane bilayer at the interface between the subunits. Assignment of the helices identifies the second transmembrane helix as the key element lining the pore, and reveals how functionally important residues on this helix could participate in Cu(I)-coordination during transport. Aligned with and sealing both ends of the pore, extracellular and intracellular domains of hCTR1 appear to provide additional metal binding sites. Consistent with the existence of distinct metal binding sites, we demonstrate that hCTR1 stably binds 2 Cu(I)-ions through 3-coordinate Cu-S bonds, and that mutations in one of these putative binding sites results in a change of coordination chemistry.
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32
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Kennedy DC, Lyn RK, Pezacki JP. Cellular Lipid Metabolism Is Influenced by the Coordination Environment of Copper. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2444-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809451w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Kennedy
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Rodney K. Lyn
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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33
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Han H, Archibeque SL, Engle TE. Characterization and identification of hepatic mRNA related to copper metabolism and homeostasis in cattle. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 129:130-6. [PMID: 19099205 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace mineral required for growth and development. Copper homeostasis within the cell is mediated by the expression of the Cu transporter protein (CTR1), ATPase7A (ATP7A), ATPase7B (ATP7B), Cox17, and Cu chaperone for Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (CCS) which helps to regulate Cu uptake, export, and intracellular compartmentalization in non-ruminants. Copper also serves as a cofactor of antioxidant, superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1). Liver tissue from eighteen Holstein bull calves (average BW 201 +/- 58.5 kg, 7.3 +/- 1.9 months) from a previous experiment were utilized to characterize and identify hepatic mRNA related to Cu metabolism and homeostasis in cattle. Hepatic Cu concentration was determined via flame atomic absorption, and total RNA was extracted using TRI reagent and purified using RNeasy. Hepatic Cu concentrations ranged from 86 to 801 mg of Cu/kg DM. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CTR1, ATP7A, and ATP7B mRNA expressions were negatively correlated with hepatic Cu concentration, while CCS (P = 0.0887) and SOD1 had a tendency (P = 0.0733) to be negatively correlated to hepatic Cu concentration. These data indicate that higher than normal hepatic Cu concentration downregulates gene expression of CTR1, ATP7A, ATP7B, and Cox17, which are involved in bovine liver copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungchul Han
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA.
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34
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Craig PM, Galus M, Wood CM, McClelland GB. Dietary iron alters waterborne copper-induced gene expression in soft water acclimated zebrafish (Danio rerio). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 296:R362-73. [PMID: 18987288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90581.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metals like iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) function as integral components in many biological reactions, and, in excess, these essential metals are toxic, and organisms must control metal acquisition and excretion. We examined the effects of chronic waterborne Cu exposure and the interactive effects of elevated dietary Fe on gene expression and tissue metal accumulation in zebrafish. Softwater acclimated zebrafish exposed to 8 microg/l Cu, with and without supplementation of a diet high in Fe (560 vs. 140 mg Fe/kg food) for 21 days demonstrated a significant reduction in liver and gut Cu load relative to waterborne Cu exposure alone. Gene expression levels for divalent metal transport (DMT)-1, copper transporter (CTR)-1, and the basolateral metal transporter ATP7A in the gills and gut increased when compared with controls, but the various combinations of Cu and high-Fe diet revealed altered levels of expression. Further examination of the basolateral Fe transporter, ferroportin, showed responses to waterborne Cu exposure in the gut and a significant increase with Fe treatment alone in the liver. Additionally, we examined metallothionein 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2), which indicated that MT2 is more responsive to Cu. To explore the relationship between transcription and protein function, we examined both CTR-1 protein levels and gill apical uptake of radiolabeled Cu64, which demonstrated decreased Cu uptake and protein abundance in the elevated Cu treatments. This study shows that high dietary Fe can significantly alter the genetic expression pattern of Cu transporters at the level of the gill, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada.
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35
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Que EL, Domaille DW, Chang CJ. Metals in neurobiology: probing their chemistry and biology with molecular imaging. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1517-49. [PMID: 18426241 DOI: 10.1021/cr078203u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1515] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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36
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Reynaud C, Baas D, Gleyzal C, Le Guellec D, Sommer P. Morpholino knockdown of lysyl oxidase impairs zebrafish development, and reflects some aspects of copper metabolism disorders. Matrix Biol 2008; 27:547-60. [PMID: 18467084 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), a copper-dependent amine oxidase known in mammals to catalyze the cross-linking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix, is a member of a multigenic family. Eight genes encoding lysyl oxidase isoforms have been identified in zebrafish. Recent studies have revealed a critical role for two zebrafish lysyl oxidases-like in the formation of the notochord. We now present the role of Lox in zebrafish development. lox morpholino-mediated knockdown results in a mildly undulated notochord, truncated anterior-posterior axis, tail bending and smaller head. Analyses of morphants show a complete disorganization of muscle somites and neural defects, in accordance with the lox expression pattern. Lox inhibition also induces pigment defects and pharyngeal arch deformities consistent with neural crest dysfunction. Taken together, these data reveal a role for Lox in early morphogenesis, especially in muscle development and neurogenesis, and resume some aspects of physiopathology of copper metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Reynaud
- IBCP, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France.
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37
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La Fontaine S, Mercer JFB. Trafficking of the copper-ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B: Role in copper homeostasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:149-67. [PMID: 17531189 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential for human health and copper imbalance is a key factor in the aetiology and pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. The copper-transporting P-type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B are key molecules required for the regulation and maintenance of mammalian copper homeostasis. Their absence or malfunction leads to the genetically inherited disorders, Menkes and Wilson diseases, respectively. These proteins have a dual role in cells, namely to provide copper to essential cuproenzymes and to mediate the excretion of excess intracellular copper. A unique feature of ATP7A and ATP7B that is integral to these functions is their ability to sense and respond to intracellular copper levels, the latter manifested through their copper-regulated trafficking from the transGolgi network to the appropriate cellular membrane domain (basolateral or apical, respectively) to eliminate excess copper from the cell. Research over the last decade has yielded significant insight into the enzymatic properties and cell biology of the copper-ATPases. With recent advances in elucidating their localization and trafficking in human and animal tissues in response to physiological stimuli, we are progressing rapidly towards an integrated understanding of their physiological significance at the level of the whole animal. This knowledge in turn is helping to clarify the biochemical and cellular basis not only for the phenotypes conferred by individual Menkes and Wilson disease patient mutations, but also for the clinical variability of phenotypes associated with each of these diseases. Importantly, this information is also providing a rational basis for the applicability and appropriateness of certain diagnostic markers and therapeutic regimes. This overview will provide an update on the current state of our understanding of the localization and trafficking properties of the copper-ATPases in cells and tissues, the molecular signals and posttranslational interactions that govern their trafficking activities, and the cellular basis for the clinical phenotypes associated with disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon La Fontaine
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia.
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Banci L, Bertini I, Cantini F, Della-Malva N, Migliardi M, Rosato A. The different intermolecular interactions of the soluble copper-binding domains of the menkes protein, ATP7A. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:23140-6. [PMID: 17545667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700695200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7A is a P-type ATPase involved in copper(I) homeostasis in humans. It possesses a long N-terminal cytosolic tail containing six domains that are individually folded and capable of binding one copper(I) ion each. We investigated the entire N-terminal tail (MNK1-6) in solution by NMR spectroscopy and addressed its interaction with copper(I) and with copper(I)-HAH1, the physiological partner of ATP7A. At copper(I)-HAH1:MNK1-6 ratios of up to 3:1, thus encompassing the range of protein ratios in vivo, both the first and fourth domain of the tail formed a metal-mediated adduct with HAH1 whereas the sixth domain was simultaneously able to partly remove copper(I) from HAH1. These processes are not dependent on one another. In particular, formation of the adducts is not necessary for copper(I) transfer from HAH1 to the sixth domain. The present data, together with available in vivo studies, suggest that the localization of ATP7A between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane may be regulated by the accumulation of the adducts with HAH1, whereas the main role of domains 5 and 6 is to assist copper(I) translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Via L. Sacconi 6, and Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, University of Florence, Italy
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Nyasae L, Bustos R, Braiterman L, Eipper B, Hubbard A. Dynamics of endogenous ATP7A (Menkes protein) in intestinal epithelial cells: copper-dependent redistribution between two intracellular sites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G1181-94. [PMID: 17158254 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00472.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time on the copper-dependent behavior of endogenous ATP7A in two types of polarized intestinal epithelia, rat enterocytes in vivo and filter-grown Caco-2 cells, an accepted in vitro model of human small intestine. We used high-resolution, confocal immunofluorescence combined with quantitative cell surface biotinylation and found that the vast majority of endogenous ATP7A was localized intracellularly under all copper conditions. In copper-depleted cells, virtually all of the ATP7A localized to a post-TGN compartment, with <3% of the total protein detectable at the basolateral cell surface. When copper levels were elevated, ATP7A dispersed to the cell periphery in punctae whose pattern did not overlap with the steady-state distributions of post-Golgi, endosomal, or basolateral membrane markers; only approximately 8-10% of the recovered ATP7A was detected at the basolateral cell surface. These results raise several questions regarding prevailing models of ATP7A dynamics and the mechanism of copper efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nyasae
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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40
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Agertt F, Crippa ACS, Lorenzoni PJ, Scola RH, Bruck I, Paola LD, Silvado CE, Werneck LC. Menkes' disease: case report. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2007; 65:157-60. [PMID: 17420847 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2007000100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Menkes’ disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder due to an intracellular defect of a copper transport protein. We describe a 7 months male patient who presented with seizures, hypoactivity and absence of visual contact. The investigation disclosed pilli torti and thrycorrexis nodosa in the hair, low serum levels of both copper and ceruloplasmin, brain magnetic resonance study showed atrophy and white matter hypointensities on T1-weighted images, electroencephalogram reveals moderate background activity disorganization and epileptiform activity, and muscle biopsy with type 2 fiber atrophy. The clinical, laboratorial, genetic, muscle biopsy and neurophysiological findings in Menkes’ disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Agertt
- Neurology and Neuropediatrics Services, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Rua General Carneiro 181, 80060-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Mufti AR, Burstein E, Duckett CS. XIAP: cell death regulation meets copper homeostasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:168-74. [PMID: 17382285 PMCID: PMC1986780 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), traditionally known as an anti-apoptotic protein, has recently been shown to be involved in copper homeostasis. XIAP promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of COMMD1, a protein that promotes the efflux of copper from the cell. Through its effects on COMMD1, XIAP can regulate copper export from the cell and potentially represents an additional intracellular sensor for copper levels. XIAP binds copper directly and undergoes a substantial conformational change in the copper-bound state. This in turn destabilizes XIAP, resulting in lowered steady-state levels of the protein. Furthermore, copper-bound XIAP is unable to inhibit caspases and cells that express this form of the protein exhibit increased rates of cell death in response to apoptotic stimuli. These events take place in the setting of excess intracellular copper accumulation as seen in copper toxicosis disorders such as Wilson's disease and establish a new relationship between copper levels and the regulation of cell death via XIAP. These findings raise important questions about the role of XIAP in the development of copper toxicosis disorders and may point to XIAP as a potential therapeutic target in these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjmand R Mufti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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De Feo CJ, Aller SG, Unger VM. A structural perspective on copper uptake in eukaryotes. Biometals 2007; 20:705-16. [PMID: 17211682 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-006-9054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade ago, genetic studies identified a family of small integral membrane proteins, commonly referred to as copper transporters (CTRs) that are both required and sufficient for cellular copper uptake in a yeast genetic complementation assay. We recently used electron crystallography to determine a projection density map of the human high affinity transporter hCTR1 embedded into a lipid bilayer. At 6 A resolution, this first glimpse of the structure revealed that hCTR1 is trimeric and possesses the type of radial symmetry that traditionally has been associated with the structure of certain ion channels such as potassium or gap junction channels. Representative for this particular type of architecture, a region of low protein density at the center of the trimer is consistent with the existence of a copper permeable pore along the center three-fold axis of the trimer. In this contribution, we will briefly discuss how recent structure-function studies correlate with the projection density map, and provide a perspective with respect to the cellular uptake of other transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J De Feo
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
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Huster D, Lutsenko S. Wilson disease: not just a copper disorder. Analysis of a Wilson disease model demonstrates the link between copper and lipid metabolism. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2007; 3:816-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b711118p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mendelsohn BA, Yin C, Johnson SL, Wilm TP, Solnica-Krezel L, Gitlin JD. Atp7a determines a hierarchy of copper metabolism essential for notochord development. Cell Metab 2006; 4:155-62. [PMID: 16890543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The critical developmental and genetic requirements of copper metabolism during embryogenesis are unknown. Utilizing a chemical genetic screen in zebrafish, we identified small molecules that perturb copper homeostasis. Our findings reveal a role for copper in notochord formation and demonstrate a hierarchy of copper metabolism within the embryo. To elucidate these observations, we interrogated a genetic screen for embryos phenocopied by copper deficiency, identifying calamity, a mutant defective in the zebrafish ortholog of the Menkes disease gene (atp7a). Copper metabolism in calamity is restored by human ATP7A, and transplantation experiments reveal that atp7a functions cell autonomously, findings with important therapeutic implications. The gene dosage of atp7a determines the sensitivity to copper deprivation, revealing that the observed developmental hierarchy of copper metabolism is informed by specific genetic factors. Our data provide insight into the developmental pathophysiology of copper metabolism and suggest that suboptimal copper metabolism may contribute to birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Balamurugan K, Schaffner W. Copper homeostasis in eukaryotes: Teetering on a tightrope. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:737-46. [PMID: 16784785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal copper is an essential trace element for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, intracellular free copper has to be strictly limited due to its toxic side effects, not least the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via redox cycling. Thus, all organisms have sophisticated copper homeostasis mechanisms that regulate uptake, distribution, sequestration and export of copper. From insects to mammals, metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1), a zinc finger transcription factor, controls expression of metallothioneins and other components involved in heavy metal homeostasis. In the fruit fly Drosophila, MTF-1 paradoxically acts as an activator under both high and low copper concentrations. Namely, under high copper conditions, MTF-1 activates metallothioneins in order to protect the cell, while under low copper conditions MTF-1 activates the copper importer Ctr1B in order to acquire scarce copper from the surroundings. This review highlights the current knowledge of copper homeostasis in eukaryotes with a focus on Drosophila and the role of MTF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Arnesano F, Banci L, Bertini I, Capozzi F, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Ciurli S, Luchinat C, Mangani S, Rosato A, Turano P, Viezzoli MS. An Italian contribution to structural genomics: Understanding metalloproteins. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Bahi-Buisson N, Kaminska A, Nabbout R, Barnerias C, Desguerre I, De Lonlay P, Mayer M, Plouin P, Dulac O, Chiron C. Epilepsy in Menkes Disease: Analysis of Clinical Stages. Epilepsia 2006; 47:380-6. [PMID: 16499764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epilepsy is one of the main features of Menkes disease (MD), although it is not described in depth. To determine the spectrum of epilepsy, we studied its main characteristics. METHODS Based on clinical charts, we retrospectively analyzed the evolution of electroclinical features of 12 patients with confirmed MD. RESULTS Epilepsy could be divided into three periods: (a) an early stage (median age, 3 months), characterized by focal clonic status epilepticus, usually triggered by fever (10 patients). Ictal EEG showed runs of slow spike-waves and slow waves in the posterior regions, and interictal EEG multifocal and polymorphic slow waves (three cases), or mixed slow spike-waves and slow waves (seven cases). Partial seizure control was obtained in nine patients during 5.9 months; (b) an intermediate stage (median age, 10 months) with intractable infantile spasms (11 patients) in which interictal EEG demonstrated modified hypsarrhythmia (seven cases), diffuse irregular slow waves and spike-waves (four cases). Six patients died at the median age of 15 months; and (c) a late stage in the six remaining patients (median age, 25 months), with multifocal seizures, tonic spasms, and myoclonus in four patients, whereas two patients became seizure free. Interictal EEG showed multifocal high-amplitude activity, mixed with irregular slow waves in all six cases. These patients died at the median age of 3.6 years. CONCLUSIONS Based on a relatively large series of MD patients with a quite prolonged survival, we individualized three successive periods in the course of epilepsy: early focal status, then infantile spasms, and then myoclonic and multifocal epilepsy after age 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Maladies métaboliques et Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sevres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France.
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Norgate M, Lee E, Southon A, Farlow A, Batterham P, Camakaris J, Burke R. Essential roles in development and pigmentation for the Drosophila copper transporter DmATP7. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 17:475-84. [PMID: 16251357 PMCID: PMC1345683 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the mammalian Menkes and Wilson copper transporting P-type ATPases cause severe copper homeostasis disease phenotypes in humans. Here, we find that DmATP7, the sole Drosophila orthologue of the Menkes and Wilson genes, is vital for uptake of copper in vivo. Analysis of a DmATP7 loss-of-function allele shows that DmATP7 is essential in embryogenesis, early larval development, and adult pigmentation and is probably required for copper uptake from the diet. These phenotypes are analogous to those caused by mutation in the mouse and human Menkes genes, suggesting that like Menkes, DmATP7 plays at least two roles at the cellular level: delivering copper to cuproenzymes required for pigmentation and neuronal function and removing excess cellular copper via facilitated efflux. DmATP7 displays a dynamic and unexpected expression pattern in the developing embryo, implying novel functions for this copper pump and the lethality observed in DmATP7 mutant flies is the earliest seen for any copper homeostasis gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Norgate
- Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
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49
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Banci L, Bertini I, Cantini F, Migliardi M, Rosato A, Wang S. An Atomic-level Investigation of the Disease-causing A629P Mutant of the Menkes Protein, ATP7A. J Mol Biol 2005; 352:409-17. [PMID: 16083905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Menkes disease is a fatal disease that can be induced by various mutations in the ATP7A gene, leading to unpaired uptake of dietary copper. The ATP7A gene encodes a copper(I)-translocating ATPase. Here the disease-causing A629P mutation, which occurs in the last of the six copper(I)-binding soluble domains of the ATPase (hereafter MNK6), was investigated. To understand why this apparently minor amino acid replacement is pathogenic, the solution structures and dynamics on various time-scales of wild-type and A629P-MNK6 were determined both in the apo- and copper(I)-loaded forms. The interaction in vitro with the physiological ATP7A copper(I)-donor (HAH1) was additionally studied. The A629P mutation makes the protein beta-sheet more solvent accessible, possibly resulting in an enhanced susceptibility of ATP7A to proteolytic cleavage and/or in reduced capability of copper(I)-translocation. A small reduction of the affinity for copper(I) is also observed. Both effects could concur to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Stephenson SEM, Dubach D, Lim CM, Mercer JFB, La Fontaine S. A single PDZ domain protein interacts with the Menkes copper ATPase, ATP7A. A new protein implicated in copper homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:33270-9. [PMID: 16051599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505889200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic regulation of essential elements such as copper requires many proteins whose activities are often mediated and tightly coordinated through protein-protein interactions. This regulation ensures that cells receive enough copper without intracellular concentrations reaching toxic levels. To date, only a small number of proteins implicated in copper homeostasis have been identified, and little is known of the protein-protein interactions required for this process. To identify other proteins important for copper homeostasis, while also elucidating the protein-protein interactions that are integral to the process, we have utilized a known copper protein, the copper ATPase ATP7A, as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human cDNA library to search for interacting partners. One of the ATP7A-interacting proteins identified is a novel protein with a single PDZ domain. This protein was recently identified to interact with the plasma membrane calcium ATPase b-splice variants. We propose a change in name for this protein from PISP (plasma membrane calcium ATPase-interacting single-PDZ protein) to AIPP1 (ATPase-interacting PDZ protein) and suggest that it represents the protein that interacts with the class I PDZ binding motif identified at the ATP7A C terminus. The interaction in mammalian cells was confirmed and an additional splice variant of AIPP1 was identified. This study represents an essential step forward in identifying the proteins and elucidating the network of protein-protein interactions involved in maintaining copper homeostasis and validates the use of the yeast two-hybrid approach for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E M Stephenson
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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