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Habeshian TS, Cannavale KL, Slezak JM, Shu YH, Chien GW, Chen X, Shi F, Siegmund KD, Van Den Eeden SK, Huang J, Chao CR. DNA methylation markers for risk of metastasis in a cohort of men with localized prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2308920. [PMID: 38525786 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2308920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying life-threatening prostate cancer (PCa) at time of diagnosis remains an unsolved problem. We evaluated whether DNA methylation status of selected candidate genes can predict the risk of metastasis beyond clinical risk factors in men with untreated PCa. A nested case-control study was conducted among men diagnosed with localized PCa at Kaiser Permanente California between 01/01/1997-12/31/2006 who did not receive curative treatments. Cases were those who developed metastasis within 10 years from diagnosis. Controls were selected using density sampling. Ninety-eight candidate genes were selected from functional categories of cell cycle control, metastasis/tumour suppressors, cell signalling, cell adhesion/motility/invasion, angiogenesis, and immune function, and 41 from pluripotency genes. Cancer DNA from diagnostic biopsy blocks were extracted and analysed. Associations of methylation status were assessed using CpG site level and principal components-based analysis in conditional logistic regressions. In 215 cases and 404 controls, 27 candidate genes were found to be statistically significant in at least one of the two analytical approaches. The agreement between the methods was 25.9% (7 candidate genes, including 2 pluripotency markers). The DNA methylation status of several candidate genes was significantly associated with risk of metastasis in untreated localized PCa patients. These findings may inform future risk prediction models for PCa metastasis beyond clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar S Habeshian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Cannavale
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Slezak
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Biostatistics and Innovations, Biostatistics and Programming, Clinical Affairs, Inari Medical, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Chien
- Department of Urology, Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - XuFeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chun R Chao
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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2
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Xu L, Yan X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Fu J, Shi X, Su J. The Roles of Histone Deacetylases in the Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15066. [PMID: 37894746 PMCID: PMC10606123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with ovarian cancer, which is regulated by the coordinated interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that can catalyze the deacetylation of histone and some non-histone proteins and that are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes via the regulation of gene transcription and the functions of non-histone proteins such as transcription factors and enzymes. Aberrant expressions of HDACs are common in ovarian cancer. Many studies have found that HDACs are involved in regulating a variety of events associated with ovarian cancer metastasis, including cell migration, invasion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Herein, we provide a brief overview of ovarian cancer metastasis and the dysregulated expression of HDACs in ovarian cancer. In addition, we discuss the roles of HDACs in the regulation of ovarian cancer metastasis. Finally, we discuss the development of compounds that target HDACs and highlight their importance in the future of ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Xinyi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (L.X.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.F.); (X.S.)
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Schwechheimer C, Schröder PM, Blaby-Haas CE. Plant GATA Factors: Their Biology, Phylogeny, and Phylogenomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:123-148. [PMID: 35130446 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-072221-092913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
GATA factors are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are found in animals, fungi, and plants. Compared to that of animals, the size of the plant GATA family is increased. In angiosperms, four main GATA classes and seven structural subfamilies can be defined. In recent years, knowledge about the biological role and regulation of plant GATAs has substantially improved. Individual family members have been implicated in the regulation of photomorphogenic growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and stomata formation, as well as root, leaf, and flower development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant GATA factors. Using phylogenomic analysis, we trace the evolutionary origin of the GATA classes in the green lineage and examine their relationship to animal and fungal GATAs. Finally, we speculate about a possible conservation of GATA-regulated functions across the animal, fungal, and plant kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schwechheimer
- School of Life Sciences, Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
| | - Peter Michael Schröder
- School of Life Sciences, Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
| | - Crysten E Blaby-Haas
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Vattem C, Pakala SB. Metastasis-associated protein 1: A potential driver and regulator of the hallmarks of cancer. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ishikawa M, Osaki M, Uno N, Ohira T, Kugoh H, Okada F. MTA1, a metastasis‑associated protein, in endothelial cells is an essential molecule for angiogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:11. [PMID: 34779499 PMCID: PMC8600423 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), which is expressed in vascular endothelial cells, acts as a tube formation promoting factor. The present study aimed to clarify the importance of MTA1 expression in tube formation using MTA1-knockout (KO) endothelial cells (MTA1-KO MSS31 cells). Tube formation was significantly suppressed in MTA1-KO MSS31 cells, whereas MTA1-overexpression MTA1-KO MSS31 cells regained the ability to form tube-like structures. In addition, western blotting analysis revealed that MTA1-KO MSS31 cells showed significantly higher levels of phosphorylation of non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIa, which resulted in suppression of tube formation. This effect was attributed to a decrease of MTA1/S100 calcium-binding protein A4 complex formation. Moreover, inhibition of tube formation in MTA1-KO MSS31 cells could not be rescued by stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results demonstrated that MTA1 may serve as an essential molecule for angiogenesis in endothelial cells and be involved in different steps of the angiogenic process compared with the VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 pathway. The findings showed that endothelial MTA1 and its pathway may serve as promising targets for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, further supporting the development of MTA1-based antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Ishikawa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683‑8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683‑8503, Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683‑8503, Japan
| | - Takahito Ohira
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683‑8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kugoh
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683‑8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683‑8503, Japan
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Zou Y, Zhong C, Hu Z, Duan S. MiR-873-5p: A Potential Molecular Marker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743701. [PMID: 34676171 PMCID: PMC8523946 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-873 is a microRNA located on chromosome 9p21.1. miR-873-5p and miR-873-3p are the two main members of the miR-873 family. Most studies focus on miR-873-5p, and there are a few studies on miR-873-3p. The expression level of miR-873-5p was down-regulated in 14 cancers and up-regulated in 4 cancers. miR-873-5p has many targeted genes, which have unique molecular functions such as catalytic activity, transcription regulation, and binding. miR-873-5p affects cancer development through the PIK3/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-Catenin, NF-κβ, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. In addition, the target genes of miR-873-5p are closely related to the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle, cell stemness, and glycolysis of cancer cells. The target genes of miR-873-5p are also related to the efficacy of several anti-cancer drugs. Currently, in cancer, the expression of miR-873-5p is regulated by a variety of epigenetic factors. This review summarizes the role and mechanism of miR-873-5p in human tumors shows the potential value of miR-873-5p as a molecular marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zekai Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Altwegg KA, Vadlamudi RK. Role of estrogen receptor coregulators in endocrine resistant breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:385-400. [PMID: 34528025 PMCID: PMC8439438 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most ubiquitous cancer in women. Approximately 70–80% of BC diagnoses are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα). The steroid hormone estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] plays a vital role both in the initiation and progression of BC. The E2-ERα mediated actions involve genomic signaling and non-genomic signaling. The specificity and magnitude of ERα signaling are mediated by interactions between ERα and several coregulator proteins called coactivators or corepressors. Alterations in the levels of coregulators are common during BC progression and they enhance ligand-dependent and ligand-independent ERα signaling which drives BC growth, progression, and endocrine therapy resistance. Many ERα coregulator proteins function as scaffolding proteins and some have intrinsic or associated enzymatic activities, thus the targeting of coregulators for blocking BC progression is a challenging task. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that targeting coregulators to inhibit BC progression to therapy resistance is feasible. This review explores the current state of ERα coregulator signaling and the utility of targeting the ERα coregulator axis in treating advanced BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Pickering OJ, Breininger SP, Underwood TJ, Walters ZS. Histone Modifying Enzymes as Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4084. [PMID: 34439236 PMCID: PMC8392153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) has a dismal prognosis, where curable disease occurs in less than 40% of patients, and many of those with incurable disease survive for less than a year from diagnosis. Despite the widespread use of systematic chemotherapy in OAC treatment, many patients receive no benefit. New treatments are urgently needed for OAC patients. There is an emerging interest in epigenetic regulators in cancer pathogenesis, which are now translating into novel cancer therapeutic strategies. Histone-modifying enzymes (HMEs) are key epigenetic regulators responsible for dynamic covalent histone modifications that play roles in both normal and dysregulated cellular processes including tumorigenesis. Several HME inhibitors are in clinical use for haematological malignancies and sarcomas, with numerous on-going clinical trials for their use in solid tumours. This review discusses the current literature surrounding HMEs in OAC pathogenesis and their potential use in targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zoë S. Walters
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (O.J.P.); (S.P.B.); (T.J.U.)
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Liu J, Li C, Xue H, Li L, Liu Q, Wang H, Wen T, Qian H. Cancer metastasis-associated protein 1 localizes to the nucleolus and regulates pre-rRNA synthesis in cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:180-188. [PMID: 32786109 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is a critical component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex. MTA1 has several biological functions, and it is closely associated with the malignant properties of human cancers; however, the mechanisms and subcellular localization of MTA1 in cells remain unclear. Some initial studies indicated that MTA1 was absent from the nucleolus; however, several NuRD components were recently found to be present in the nucleolus, where they regulate preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) transcription. In this study, we demonstrated that MTA1 is definitely localized to the nucleolus and regulates pre-rRNA transcription, which is consistent with the recent reports on NuRD. To determine if MTA1 was present in the nucleolus, we utilized the following complementary molecular approaches: immunofluorescence, GFP-tag tracking, immunoelectron microscopy, and immunoprecipitation (IP). To examine the role of MTA1 in rRNA synthesis, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. We revealed that both endogenous and exogenous MTA1 showed apparent granule-like nucleolar subcellular localization. MTA1 interacts with two major resident nucleolar proteins, nucleolin and nucleophosmin. Immunofluorescent colocalization analyses showed that MTA1 localizes to the fibrillarin-deficient regions of the nucleolus, and Co-IP experiments indicated that there was no interaction between MTA1 and fibrillarin; further, fibrillarin was not identified in the MTA1 interactome. Loss- and gain-of-function studies indicated that MTA1 promotes pre-rRNA transcription in cancer cells. Collectively, our data identify MTA1 as a novel nucleolar protein, and activation of pre-rRNA transcription in cancer cells may be an alternative mechanism by which MTA1 promotes malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Li
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Li P, Cao W, Ding R, Cheng M, Xu X, Chen S, Chen B, Cao G, Xiong M. Expression and Prognostic Significance of Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:542330. [PMID: 33409150 PMCID: PMC7780747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.542330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) has been considered as a transcriptional regulator, which is significantly related to the prognosis in various types of tumors. However, whether MTA1 is a potential prognostic index of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) remains controversial. The current meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the role of MTA1 expression in the prediction of the clinicopathological features and survival in GIC cases. And the results of gastric cancer were verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods Eligible studies assessing the relationship between MTA1 and GIC by IHC were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Web of Science and CNKI databases by various search strategies. The STATA 16.0 software was applied to gather data and to analyze the potential relationship between MTA1 and GIC. The expression level of MTA1 was examined in 80 GC samples by IHC assay. SPSS 20.0 was applied for statistical analysis, and the survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The data of 95% CI was displayed as “[a-b]”. Results According to the meta-analysis, the expression level of MTA1 was tightly associated with the tumor size (OR=1.82 [1.16–2.84], P=0.009), tumor tissue differentiation (OR=1.71 [1.24–2.37], P=0.001), depth of invasion (OR=3.12 [2.55–3.83], P<0.001), lymphatic metastasis (OR=2.99 [2.02–4.43], P<0.001), distant metastasis (OR=4.66 [1.13–19.24], P=0.034), TNM stage (OR=4.28 [2.76–6.63], P<0.001). In addition, MTA1 played the negative effects in 1- (RR=2.48 [1.45–4.25], P=0.001), 3- (RR=1.66 [1.30–2.11], P<0.001) and 5-year (RR=1.73 [1.37–2.20], P<0.001). Study in subgroup, grouped by language and tumor type, we reached similar conclusions. Further validation by IHC yielded similar conclusions. Tumor size (P=0.008), lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) and distant metastasis (P=0.023) significantly accompanied with higher expression of MAT1 in GC cases. Besides, the expression level of MTA1 was statistically significantly correlated with OS in GC cases (HR=2.061 [1.066–3.986], P=0.032), which suggested that MTA1 might be an independent prognostic marker for GC. Finally, we verified the correlation between the expression level of MTA1 and prognosis of GC in 80 GC samples. Conclusions MTA1 is tightly associated with metastasis-related factors and may constitute a promising prognostic factor of GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengping Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Emergency, the Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Mengqiu Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Shao S, Cao H, Wang Z, Zhou D, Wu C, Wang S, Xia D, Zhang D. CHD4/NuRD complex regulates complement gene expression and correlates with CD8 T cell infiltration in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:31. [PMID: 32070428 PMCID: PMC7027061 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylation) complex is a repressive complex in gene transcription by modulating chromatin accessibility of target genes to transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Although individual subunits of the complex have been implicated in many other cancer types, the complex’s role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not fully understood. More importantly, the NuRD complex has not yet been investigated as a whole in cancers. Methods We analyzed the expression of the NuRD complex in HCC and evaluated the prognostic value of NuRD complex expression in HCC using the RNA-seq data obtained from the TCGA project. We examined the effect of CHD4 knockdown on HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, colony-forming ability, and on complement gene expression. We also performed bioinformatic analyses to investigate the correlation between the NuRD complex expression and immune infiltration. Results We found that nine subunits, out of 14 subunits of the NuRD complex examined, were significantly overexpressed in HCC, and their expression levels were positively correlated with cancer progression. More importantly, our data also demonstrated that these subunits tended to be overexpressed as a whole in HCC. Subsequent studies demonstrated that knockdown of CHD4 in HCC cells inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony-forming ability and promotes apoptosis of HCC cells, indicating that the CHD4/NuRD complex plays oncogenic roles in HCC. Further analysis revealed that the CHD4/NuRD complex regulates complement gene expression in HCC. Intriguingly, we found that the CHD4/NuRD complex expression was inversely correlated with CD8 T cell infiltration in HCC. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the CHD4/NuRD complex plays an oncogenic role in human HCC and regulates complement gene expression in HCC cells. The results of inverse correlation between the CHD4/NuRD complex and CD8 T cell and DC cell infiltration in HCC suggest that the CHD4/NuRD complex not only plays direct regulatory roles in HCC cells, but also has an impact on the immune microenvironment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haowei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongkun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chaoshen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dian Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Li YT, Wu HL, Kao JH, Cheng HR, Ho MC, Wang CC, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Liu CJ. Expression of Metastatic Tumor Antigen 1 Splice Variant Correlates With Early Recurrence and Aggressive Features of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 70:184-197. [PMID: 30802976 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of metastatic tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) was correlated with poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). The aim of this study was to examine the clinical significance of the expression of MTA1 and its exon 4-excluded form (MTA1dE4), the most abundant spliced variant of MTA1, in patients receiving curative resection for HBV-HCC. We collected 102 patients with HBV-HCC and received curative resection retrospectively and examined the expressions level of total MTA1/MTA1dE4 in their paired nontumor and tumor liver tissues by using RT-qPCR. The association between MTA1/MTA1dE4 expression and various tumor features as well as tumor recurrence was analyzed. During the median follow-up period of 4 years, 25 patients (24.5%) showed early recurrence (within 12 months postresection) and 42 (54.5%) showed late recurrence. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, MTA1dE4 overexpression in tumor, but not MTA1, was associated with early recurrence (P = 0.0365), but not late recurrence. In multivariate analysis, only alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥200 ng/mL (P = 0.006) and large tumor size (P = 0.027) were correlated with early recurrence. In the subgroup of patients with AFP <200 ng/mL, high MTA1dE4, but not total MTA1, expression could help predict early recurrence (P = 0.0195). In vitro, wound healing and invasion assays were performed in HCC cells, and MTA1dE4 was found to exhibit a higher ability in promoting migration and invasion of hepatoma cells than full-length MTA1. Conclusion: MTA1dE4 expression is correlated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and might serve as a more sensitive marker for early recurrence of HBV-HCC, especially for low-AFP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsung Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ru Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ma K, Fan Y, Hu Y. Prognostic and clinical significance of metastasis-associated gene 1 overexpression in solid cancers: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12292. [PMID: 30313027 PMCID: PMC6203568 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past 2 decades, metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has attracted attention for its close association with cancer progression and its roles in chromatin remodeling processes, making it a central gene in cancer. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess MTA1 expression in solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This analysis identified studies that evaluated the relationship between MTA1 expression and clinical characteristics or prognosis of patients with solid tumors via the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases. Fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analytical techniques were used to correlate MTA1 expression with outcome measures. The outcome variables are shown as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Analysis of 40 cohort studies involving 4564 cancer patients revealed a significant association of MTA1 overexpression with tumor patient age (>50 vs. <50 years: combined OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94), tumor grade (G3/4 vs. G1/2: combined OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.48-2.53), tumor size (>3 cm vs. <3 cm: combined OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.73-3.19), T stage (T3/4 vs. T1/2: combined OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.74-2.56), lymph node metastasis (yes vs. no: combined OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.26-3.75), distant metastasis (yes vs. no: combined OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.42-3.59), TNM stage (III/IV vs. I/II: combined OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.84-3.38), vascular invasion (yes vs. no: combined OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.92-3.56), and poor overall survival time (HR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.53-2.20; P = .000). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses demonstrate that MTA1 was an effective predictor of a worse prognosis in tumor patients. Moreover, MTA1 may play important role in tumor progression and outcome, and targeting MTA1 may be a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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14
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Li YH, Zhong M, Zang HL, Tian XF. Mechanism of TRIM25 mediated ubiquitination of metastasis associated protein (MTA) 1 in normal liver cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:250-254. [PMID: 30118695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ninety percent of all cancer related deaths happen due to metastatic progression. One important protein facilitating metastatic progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the metastasis associated 1 protein (MTA-1). We have earlier shown that in the context of HCC and normal liver cell lines, HuH6 and THLE-2, respectively. MTA-1 protein is actively stabilized in HCC cell lines and actively degraded in normal liver cells. We had also shown that TRIM25 is the E3 ligase that interacts with and degrades MTA-1 protein in normal liver cells. However, the exact mechanism by which TRIM25 degrades MTA-1 protein has still not been elucidated. In the study, we used both in situ prediction algorithms and mass spectrometry based post-translational modification analysis to map the lysine residues in MTA-1 that are polyubiquitinated. Whereas UbPred algorithm revealed a combination of medium and low confidence sites, it revealed only one high confidence lysine (K98) residue. The hCKSAAP_UbSite algorithm also predicted K98 site. Mass spectrometry analysis also showed that K98 has ubiquitin modification. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that in normal liver cell line, THLE-2, which has high expression of TRIM25, ectopically expressed FLAG-tagged wild-type MTA-1 was actively degraded, but the K98R mutant MTA-1 was not. In vitro ubiquitination assay using recombinant wild-type and K98R mutant MTA-1 confirmed that MTA-1 is poly-ubiquitinated at K98 residue by TRIM25. The K98R mutant had a longer half-life than wild-type MTA-1 protein in an in vitro protein stability assay. We establish that TRIM25 ubiquitinates MTA-1 at lysine 98 and degrades it normal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Li
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Respiratory Department, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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15
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Li B, Yang H. MTA1 promotes the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells potentially through the HIF-α/VEGF pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:352-358. [PMID: 30396299 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1531887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has previously been recognized as an oncogene, and abnormal MTA1 expression has been related to progression of numerous cancer types to the metastasis stage. However, the function of MTA1 in the regulation of pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis remains unclear. Western blot analysis was adopted to determine the expression of MTA1 in pancreatic cancer tissues and corresponding near normal tissues. Steady clone with MTA1-overexpression and MTA1-inhibitionweregenerated via lentivirus technology in BxPc-3 cells. Transwell assay was carried out for detecting the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The migration activity was assessed using the wound scratch assay. The effect of MTA1 in pancreatic cancer was evaluated in the mice xenografts. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro and in vivo. We observed that MTA1 overexpression enhanced migration and invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and increased HIF-α and VEGF protein levels in vitro and in vivo. MTA1 inhibition had the opposite effects. MTA1 protein level was positively related to HIF-α and VEGF protein levels. These results indicated that MTA1 potentially promoted pancreatic cancer metastasis via HIF-α/VEGF pathway. This research supplies a new molecular mechanism for MTA1 in the pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. MTA1 may be an effective therapy target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Sun
- a Department of No. 2 Gastrointestinal Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- b Department of Emergency , Yantaishan Hospital , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Bingshu Li
- b Department of Emergency , Yantaishan Hospital , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- b Department of Emergency , Yantaishan Hospital , Yantai , Shandong , China
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16
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Grzeskowiak CL, Kundu ST, Mo X, Ivanov AA, Zagorodna O, Lu H, Chapple RH, Tsang YH, Moreno D, Mosqueda M, Eterovic K, Fradette JJ, Ahmad S, Chen F, Chong Z, Chen K, Creighton CJ, Fu H, Mills GB, Gibbons DL, Scott KL. In vivo screening identifies GATAD2B as a metastasis driver in KRAS-driven lung cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2732. [PMID: 30013058 PMCID: PMC6048166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic aberrations driving pro-oncogenic and pro-metastatic activity remain an elusive target in the quest of precision oncology. To identify such drivers, we use an animal model of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma to perform an in vivo functional screen of 217 genetic aberrations selected from lung cancer genomics datasets. We identify 28 genes whose expression promoted tumor metastasis to the lung in mice. We employ two tools for examining the KRAS-dependence of genes identified from our screen: 1) a human lung cell model containing a regulatable mutant KRAS allele and 2) a lentiviral system permitting co-expression of DNA-barcoded cDNAs with Cre recombinase to activate a mutant KRAS allele in the lungs of mice. Mechanistic evaluation of one gene, GATAD2B, illuminates its role as a dual activity gene, promoting both pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic activities in KRAS-mutant lung cancer through interaction with c-MYC and hyperactivation of the c-MYC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L Grzeskowiak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samrat T Kundu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrei A Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Oksana Zagorodna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard H Chapple
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniela Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maribel Mosqueda
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karina Eterovic
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sumreen Ahmad
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zechen Chong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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17
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Li YH, Zhong M, Zang HL, Tian XF. The E3 ligase for metastasis associated 1 protein, TRIM25, is targeted by microRNA-873 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:37-41. [PMID: 29654742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis accounts for 90% of all cancer-related deaths. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) considered to be centrally important in acquired resistance to chemotherapy and in progression of tumors to secondary organs. One of the important mediators of metastatic progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the metastasis associated protein 1 (MTA-1). We have earlier shown that in the context of HCC and normal liver cell lines, MTA-1 protein is actively stabilized in HCC cell lines and actively degraded in normal liver cells. We have also shown that TRIM25 is the E3 ligase that interacts with and degrades MTA-1 protein. The identity of the factor regulating expression of TRIM25 in normal liver cells and HCC is unknown. In the current work we elucidate that microRNA (miR)- 873 targets TRIM25 in HCC cells. Both metagenomic analysis and quantification of miR-873 and TRIM25 in 25 HCC patients revealed an inverse correlation between the two in HCC patients with high miR-873 and low TRIM25 expression, respectively. The expression pattern was mimicked in the normal liver cells THLE-2 and the HCC cell line, HuH6. In vitro luciferase reporter assays confirmed TRIM25 as the target of miR-873. Transient transfection of HuH6 cells with an anti-miR-873 antagomir significantly decreased both transwell motility in these cells. Furthermore, in in vivo xenograft assays treatment with anti-miR-873 antagomir significantly decreased hepatic nodules formation. Cumulatively, our data indicate that suppression of TRIM25 expression by high levels of miR-873 dictates MTA1 protein upregulation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Li
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Departmen of Respiration, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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18
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Pavlidis ET, Lambropoulou M, Symeonidis NG, Anagnostopoulos C, Tsaroucha A, Kotini A, Nikolaidou C, Kiziridou A, Simopoulos C. The Immunohistochemical Expression MTA 1 Protein and its Prognostic Value in Pancreatic Cancer. J INVEST SURG 2018; 31:142-150. [PMID: 28635511 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1280565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/aim: To examine with immunohistochemical assay MTA1 protein expression levels in pancreatic cancer tissues defining its prognostic value. MATERIAL AND METHODS The specimens derived from 51 patients who underwent surgery. The levels of MTA1 protein were compared with the age of the patients, their survival, and prognosis. Also, we studied clinical and histopathological factors such as the degree of tumor differentiation and its stage in correlation with MTA1 protein levels. In parallel, there was correlation between the expression of the ΜΤΑ1 protein and the aforementioned factors regarding survival rate. Furthermore, we independently correlated the patient's survival in relation to whether they had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy or not. RESULTS It has been found to be low, moderate, or high expression of MTA1 levels in 48 out of 51 cancer tissues. Specifically, 49.0% of patients had low expression, 33.3% moderate, and 11.8% high expression of MTA1. Regarding the expression of MTA1 protein in correlation with various clinical and histopathological factors, a statistically significant correlation was observed with the degree of differentiation (p = 0.0068) and with the stage of the disease (p = 0.0173), but not with survival (p = 0.0740) or the age of them (p = 0.1547). Finally, it was found that overexpression of the MTA1protein is a prognostic factor for shorter survival in patients with pancreatic cancer (average 4.67 ± 0.95 months). CONCLUSIONS MTA 1 protein may constitute an important prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer and could improve prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- c 2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery - Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , 68 100 Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos G Symeonidis
- c 2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery - Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , 68 100 Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | | | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- d Laboratories of Medical Physics, Department of Pathology , Theagenio Anticancer Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Athanasia Kotini
- d Laboratories of Medical Physics, Department of Pathology , Theagenio Anticancer Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Kiziridou
- d Laboratories of Medical Physics, Department of Pathology , Theagenio Anticancer Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Constantinos Simopoulos
- c 2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery - Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , 68 100 Alexandroupolis , Greece
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19
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Li YT, Liu CJ, Su TH, Cheng HR, Jeng YM, Lin HL, Wang CC, Kao JH, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Wu HL. Characterization of metastatic tumor antigen 1 and its interaction with hepatitis B virus X protein in NF-κB signaling and tumor progression in a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47173-47185. [PMID: 27323415 PMCID: PMC5216933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) protein is associated with tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in those with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Chronically woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchuck is an ideal animal model for studying the pathogenesis of HBV-associated liver diseases, including HCC. To investigate the roles of MTA1 in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in the woodchuck model, we cloned the woodchuck MTA1 (wk-MTA1) complementary (c)DNA and characterized its molecular functions. The sequence and organization of the wk-MTA1 protein were highly conserved among different species. Similar to its expression in human HCC, wk-MTA1 was upregulated in woodchuck HCC, as determined at RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, an MTA1-spliced variant, wk-MTA1dE4, was overexpressed in woodchuck HCC, and it was attributed to approximately 50% of the total transcripts. The percentage of wk-MTA1dE4-overexpressed woodchuck HCCs was higher than that of the total wk-MTA1-overexpressed HCCs (77.8% vs 61.1%) and wk-MTA1dE4 may represent a more sensitive marker than the total wk-MTA1 in woodchuck HCC. We overexpressed or knocked down wk-MTA1 in a woodchuck HCC cell line and demonstrated that wk-MTA1 could interact with the WHV X protein (WHx) and play indispensable roles in WHx-mediated NF-κB activation and tumor cell migration- and invasion-promoting activities. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that woodchuck HCC recapitulates HBV-associated HCC with respect to the molecular characteristics of MTA1 and provides new clues for conducting mechanistic studies of MTA1 in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, including the possible clinical significance of wk-MTA1dE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsung Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hung Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ru Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Lin
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. Current Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Pancreatic Cancer, the Role of Metastasis Associated Proteins (MTA): A Review. J INVEST SURG 2018; 31:54-66. [PMID: 28060554 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1269854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/aim: To focus on current molecular and genetic aspects and MTA proteins, since pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignant with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is essential step, contributing to potential curative resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to August 2016 was performed to identify current information about pancreatic cancer regarding molecular biomarkers, with emphasis on carcinogenesis, novel therapeutic targets, and MTA proteins. RESULTS Understanding the mechanisms involved in the process of carcinogenesis at the molecular level and the recognition of various oncogenes has opened new horizons for both diagnosis and targeted therapy. Metastasis associated (MTA) proteins (MTA1, MTA2, MTA3) comprise a well-established family of biomarkers. The oncogene MTA1 and its expression product MTA1 protein are the most important and adequately studied in the current research. It defines the growth, local invasiveness, lymphatic spread, and metastatic capacity of various malignancies such as colorectal or gastric cancer including also pancreatic cancer. This protein is associated with malignant potential and biological behavior. Consequently, it could contribute to cancer detection since the first stages of carcinogenesis, as well as in prediction of its malignant differentiation grade. The pre-operative information of the possibility of lymph node involvement may also affect the attempt and the extent of curative resection and lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSIONS Carcinogenesis and implicated oncogenes, either activators or repressors, concentrate much research interest, as well as being useful as biomarkers and for targeted therapy. MTA proteins could become useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in current management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- a Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School , Second Surgical Propedeutic Department, Hippocration Hospital , Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- a Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School , Second Surgical Propedeutic Department, Hippocration Hospital , Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42 Thessaloniki , Greece
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Zang HL, Ren SN, Cao H, Tian XF. The ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting metastasis associated 1 protein. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:795-801. [PMID: 28861931 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis associated 1 protein (MTA1) is one of the prime facilitators of metastatic progression in all solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of MTA1 expression in HCC is not clear. In this study, we evaluated MTA1 transcript and protein expression in HCC and normal hepatic cell lines. The results revealed that MTA1 protein expression had a significantly increase in HCC cell line, HuH6, compared with that in normal hepatic cell line, THLE-2. Determination of protein half-life using cycloheximide (CHX) treatment did not reveal any statistically significant difference in protein turn-over rates between THLE-2 (3.3 ± 0.25 h) and HuH6 (3.6 ± 0.15 h) cell lines. MTA1 protein level was stabilized in THLE-2 cells after treatment with MG-132 to levels similar to those observed in HuH6 cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of FLAG immunoprecipitates of FLAG-MTA1 transfected THLE-2 cells after MG-132 treated revealed candidate ubiquitin ligases that were interacting with MTA1. RNAi-mediated silencing of each prospective ubiquitin ligase in THLE-2 cells indicated that knockdown of TRIM25 resulted in stabilization of MTA1 protein, indicating TRIM25 as a putative E3 ligase for MTA1. Coimmunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged MTA1, but not IgG, in MG-132 treated and untreated THLE-2 cells cotransfected with either FLAG-MTA1 or Myc-TRIM25 revealed robust polyubiquitinated MTA1, confirming that the TRIM25 is the ubiquitin ligase for MTA1 degradation. Overexpression of TRIM25 in HuH6 and RNAi mediated silencing of TRIM25 in THLE-2 cells inhibited and increased the cell migration and invasion, respectively. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data for assessment of TRIM25 transcript level and MTA1 protein expression in 25 HCC patients confirmed an inverse correlation between the expression of TRIM25 and MTA1. Cumulatively, our data reveal a novel mechanism of post-translational to regulate MTA1 expression in normal hepatic cells, which is repressed in HCC. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(10):795-801, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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22
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Shi L, Zhang G, Zheng Z, Lu B, Ji L. Andrographolide reduced VEGFA expression in hepatoma cancer cells by inactivating HIF-1α: The involvement of JNK and MTA1/HDCA. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:228-236. [PMID: 28651835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro) is the main active compound in medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a key pro-angiogenic factor, contributes greatly to tumor growth. The purpose of this study is to observe the inhibition of Andro on VEGFA expression in hepatoma cancer cells and its engaged mechanism. Andro decreased mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA in hepatoma Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Andro also decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) protein expression and its subsequent nuclear translocation. Further results showed that Andro induced the polyubiquitination of HIF-1α protein, and proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversed Andro-induced decrease in the expression of HIF-1α protein and VEGFA mRNA and protein. Andro reduced the expression of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in hepatoma cancer cells. SP600125, an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), reversed Andro-induced decrease in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA, but not MTA1 and HDAC1. Andro (10 mg/kg) inhibited tumor growth in mice implanted with hepatoma Hep3B cells in vivo, and reduced the expression of CD31, VEGFA and HIF-1α in tumor tissues. In conclusion, Andro inhibited hepatoma tumor growth by reducing HIF-1α expression and its-mediated VEGFA expression via inducing ubiquitination-mediated HIF-1α protein degradation, and JNK and MTA1/HDAC1 may be involved in this process. Natural product Andro has huge potential in hepatoma cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anthracenes/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylase 1/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Trans-Activators
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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23
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Cao GD, Chen B, Xiong MM. Role of metastasis-associated protein 1 in prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176431. [PMID: 28570554 PMCID: PMC5453427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is a transcriptional regulator and significantly associated with prognosis of patients with cancer. However, its role as a potential prognostic marker in digestive tract cancer (DTC) is controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the MTA1 expression as a predictor of clinicopathology and survival of patients with DTC. METHODS We searched PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane databases using multiple search strategies for eligible studies. STATA 11.0 software was used to pool the data and analyze the association, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the strength of the association. Furthermore, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. RESULTS MTA1 overexpression was strongly associated with depth of invasion (OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.05-3.37, P = 0.03), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.76-3.01, P<0.001), vascular invasion (OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.40-2.91, P<0.001) and TNM stage (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.63-4.74, P<0.001), and was related to 1- (RR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.18-2.89, P = 0.008), 3- (RR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.32-2.30, P<0.001) and 5-year (RR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.18-2.27, P = 0.003) OS. Further, MTA1 was associated with 1- (RR = 4.16, 95%CI: 1.35-12.81, P = 0.01), 3- (RR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.02-3.53, P = 0.04) and 5- (RR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.41-3.32, P<0.001) year DFS. In subgroup analyses based on study quality and tumor type, MTA1 overexpression was obviously related to clinical parameters, such as lymph node metastasis and TNM stage, and was also associated with prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal or esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS MTA1 expression is strongly correlated with metastasis-related variables, and represents a promising prognostic factor in DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mao-ming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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24
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Lee JY, Park JH, Choi HJ, Won HY, Joo HS, Shin DH, Park MK, Han B, Kim KP, Lee TJ, Croce CM, Kong G. LSD1 demethylates HIF1α to inhibit hydroxylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation in tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2017; 36:5512-5521. [PMID: 28534506 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in human cancer, has been known to regulate many biological functions through its non-histone substrates. Although LSD1-induced hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF1α) demethylation has recently been proposed, the effect of LSD1 on the relationship between HIF1α post-translational modifications (PTMs) and HIF1α-induced tumor angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify a new methylation site of the HIF1α protein antagonized by LSD1 and the interplay between HIF1α protein methylation and other PTMs in regulating tumor angiogenesis. LSD1 demethylates HIF1α at lysine (K) 391, which protects HIF1α against ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. LSD1 also directly suppresses PHD2-induced HIF1α hydroxylation, which has a mutually dependent interplay with Set9-mediated HIF1α methylation. Moreover, the HIF1α acetylation that occurs in a HIF1α methylation-dependent manner is inhibited by the LSD1/NuRD complex. HIF1α stabilized by LSD1 cooperates with CBP and MTA1 to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tumor angiogenesis. Thus, LSD1 is a key regulator of HIF1α/VEGF-mediated tumor angiogenesis by antagonizing the crosstalk between PTMs involving HIF1α protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Lee
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-Y Won
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Joo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-H Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Park
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - B Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - K P Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - T J Lee
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, USA
| | - C M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, USA
| | - G Kong
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wei FZ, Cao Z, Wang X, Wang H, Cai MY, Li T, Hattori N, Wang D, Du Y, Song B, Cao LL, Shen C, Wang L, Wang H, Yang Y, Xie D, Wang F, Ushijima T, Zhao Y, Zhu WG. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy by the methyltransferase EZH2 through an MTOR-dependent pathway. Autophagy 2016; 11:2309-22. [PMID: 26735435 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1117734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process involved in the clearance of proteins and organelles. Although the autophagy regulation machinery has been widely studied, the key epigenetic control of autophagy process still remains unknown. Here we report that the methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) epigenetically represses several negative regulators of the MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]) pathway, such as TSC2, RHOA, DEPTOR, FKBP11, RGS16 and GPI. EZH2 was recruited to these genes promoters via MTA2 (metastasis associated 1 family, member 2), a component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex. MTA2 was identified as a new chromatin binding protein whose association with chromatin facilitated the subsequent recruitment of EZH2 to silenced targeted genes, especially TSC2. Downregulation of TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis 2) by EZH2 elicited MTOR activation, which in turn modulated subsequent MTOR pathway-related events, including inhibition of autophagy. In human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissues, the expression of MTA2 and EZH2 correlated negatively with expression of TSC2, which reveals a novel link among epigenetic regulation, the MTOR pathway, autophagy induction, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Zheng Wei
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Ziyang Cao
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Xi Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Hui Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Tingting Li
- c Department of Biomedical Informatics ; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Naoko Hattori
- d Division of Epigenomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute ; Tokyo , Japan
| | - Donglai Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Yipeng Du
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Boyan Song
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Lin-Lin Cao
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Changchun Shen
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Lina Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Haiying Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Dan Xie
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Fan Wang
- e Department of Radiation Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences ; Peking University ; Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- d Division of Epigenomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute ; Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ying Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- a Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center ; Beijing , China.,f Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences ; Beijing , China.,g School of Medicine; Shenzhen University ; Shenzhen , China
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26
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Li C, Wang H, Lin F, Li H, Wen T, Qian H, Zhan Q. Bioinformatic exploration of MTA1-regulated gene networks in colon cancer. Front Med 2016; 10:178-82. [PMID: 27052252 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) controls a series of biological processes in tumor progression. Tumor progression is a complex process regulated by a gene network. The global cancer gene regulatory network must be analyzed to determine the position of MTA1 in the molecular network and its cooperative genes by further exploring the biological functions of this gene. We used TCGA data sets and GeneCards database to screen MTA1-related genes. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted with DAVID and gene network analysis via STRING and Cytoscape. Results showed that in the development of colon cancer, MTA1 is linked to certain signal pathways, such as Wnt/Notch/nucleotide excision repair pathways. The findings also suggested that MTA1 demonstrates the closest relationship in a coregulation process with the key molecules AKT1, EP300, CREBBP, SMARCA4, RHOA, and CAD. These results lead MTA1 exploration to an in-depth investigation in different directions, such as Wnt, Notch, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Li
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Medical Research Center, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Haili Qian
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, 100021, China
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27
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Guo J, Zhang T, Yu J, Li HZ, Zhao C, Qiu J, Zhao B, Zhao J, Li W, Zhao TZ. Neuroprotective effects of a chromatin modifier on ischemia/reperfusion neurons: implication of its regulation of BCL2 transactivation by ERα signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 364:475-488. [PMID: 26728277 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated neuroprotective effects is valuable for the development of therapeutic strategy against neuronal ischemic injury. Here, we report the upregulated expression of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a master chromatin modifier and transcriptional regulator, in the murine middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Inhibition of MTA1 expression by in vivo short interfering RNA treatment potentiated neuronal apoptosis in a caspase-3-dependent manner and thereafter aggravated MCAO-induced neuronal damage. Mechanistically, the pro-survival effects of MTA1 required the participation of ERα signaling. We also provide in vitro evidence that MTA1 enhances the binding of ERα with the BCL2 promoter upon ischemic insults via recruitment of HDAC2 together with other unidentified coregulators, thus promoting the ERα-mediated transactivation of the BCL2 gene. Collectively, our results suggest that the augmentation of endogenous MTA1 expression during neuronal ischemic injury acts additionally to an endocrinous cascade orchestrating intimate interactions between ERα and BCL2 pathways and operates as an indispensable defensive mechanism in response to neuronal ischemia/reperfusion stress. Future studies in this field will shed light on the modulation of the complicated neuroprotective effects by estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, 110015, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian-Zhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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28
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YANG HAIPING, XU LIJUAN, QIAN HAILI, NIU XINQIANG, ZHAO DAN, ZHAO ZHILONG, WU JUN, LIU JUNFENG, WANG YANYU. Correlation between insulin‑like growth factor binding protein 3 and metastasis‑associated gene 1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4143-50. [PMID: 27035126 PMCID: PMC4838119 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between insulin‑like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP‑3) and metastasis‑associated gene 1 (MTA1) protein, and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients with ESCC who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in the current study, ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues (control) were obtained from 197 patients. The protein expression levels of IGFBP‑3 and MTA1 were detected using immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the expression of IGFBP‑3 in ESCC tissues was significantly lower than in the adjacent normal tissues (27.4 vs. 40.6%; P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with smoking status, degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of MTA1 protein in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues (42.1 vs. 11.2%; P<0.05), and was positively correlated with the tumor size, extent of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). No association was identified between the protein expression levels of IGFBP‑3 and MTA1. The protein expression levels of IGFBP‑3 and MTA1 were not independent risk factors for ESCC prognosis; however, the degree of tumor invasion (P=0.02) and rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.027) were. IGFBP‑3 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC; however, MTA1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC. There is no interaction between IGFBP‑3 and MTA1 in ESCC, and they are not independent risk factors for ESCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAIPING YANG
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - LIJUAN XU
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - HAILI QIAN
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - XINQIANG NIU
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cixian People's Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056500, P.R. China
| | - DAN ZHAO
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - ZHILONG ZHAO
- Department of Cardiothoracics, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - JUN WU
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - JUNFENG LIU
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - YANYU WANG
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
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29
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Ohshiro K, Kumar R. MTA1 regulation of ERβ pathway in salivary gland carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:1016-1021. [PMID: 26168722 PMCID: PMC4558379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although Metastatic-tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) is differentially expressed in metastatic cancer and coregulates the status and activity of nuclear receptors, its role upon estrogen receptor β (ERβ) - a potent tumor suppressor, remains poorly understood. Here we investigated whether MTA1 regulates the expression and functions of ERβ, an ER isoform predominantly expressed in salivary gland cancer cells. We found that the depletion of the endogenous MTA1 in the HSG and HSY salivary duct carcinoma cell lines enhances the expression of ERβ while MTA1 overexpression augmented the expression of ERβ in salivary duct carcinoma cells. Furthermore, MTA1 knockdown inhibited the proliferations and invasion of HSG and HSY cells. The noted ERβ downregulation by MTA1 overexpression involves the process of proteasomal degradation, as a proteasome inhibitor could block it. In addition, both MTA1 knockdown and ERβ overexpression attenuated the cell migration and inhibited the ERK1/2 signaling in the both cell lines. These findings imply that MTA1 dysregulation in a subset of salivary gland cancer might promote aggressive phenotypes by compromising the tumor suppressor activity of ERβ, and hence, MTA1-ERβ axis might serve a new therapeutic target for the salivary gland cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Ohshiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Chromatin Remodelers: From Function to Dysfunction. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:299-324. [PMID: 26075616 PMCID: PMC4488666 DOI: 10.3390/genes6020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers are key players in the regulation of chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning on the eukaryotic DNA, thereby essential for all DNA dependent biological processes. Thus, it is not surprising that upon of deregulation of those molecular machines healthy cells can turn into cancerous cells. Even though the remodeling enzymes are very abundant and a multitude of different enzymes and chromatin remodeling complexes exist in the cell, the particular remodeling complex with its specific nucleosome positioning features must be at the right place at the right time in order to ensure the proper regulation of the DNA dependent processes. To achieve this, chromatin remodeling complexes harbor protein domains that specifically read chromatin targeting signals, such as histone modifications, DNA sequence/structure, non-coding RNAs, histone variants or DNA bound interacting proteins. Recent studies reveal the interaction between non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodeling complexes showing importance of RNA in remodeling enzyme targeting, scaffolding and regulation. In this review, we summarize current understanding of chromatin remodeling enzyme targeting to chromatin and their role in cancer development.
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Shen G. Metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) promotes the metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer through the inhibition of the cell adhesion molecule Ep-CAM and E-cadherin. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:755-66. [PMID: 25969565 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metastasis-associated protein 2 is considered as an intrinsic subunit of the nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylase complex, which contributes to the epigenetic silencing genes. More and more evidence suggests that metastasis-associated protein 2 is required to maintain the malignant phenotype, but the role of metastasis-associated protein 2 function in mediating tumour metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer has not been explored. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to detect the GEO 3141 database, the online tool of Kmplot was used to confirm the high expression of metastasis-associated protein 2 in influencing 5-year overall survival. Wound-healing assay, Transwell invasion assay and Living imaging assay together showed that MTA2 shRNA inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays showed metastasis-associated protein 2 binding on the promoter of the epithelial transmembrane glycoprotein (Ep-CAM) and cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. RESULTS The patient samples collected in our hospital show that metastasis-associated protein 2 was expressed in aggressive lung cancer cells, and its higher expression is correlated with poor prognosis. Metastasis-associated protein 2 promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo through binding on the promoter of Ep-CAM and E-cadherin. Luciferase reporter assays showed repressed or enhanced E-cadherin or Ep-CAM promoter-driven luciferase reporter under metastasis-associated protein 2 overexpression or depletion. The changes in the level of protein and RNA implied that suppression of downstream E-cadherin or Ep-CAM was an important mechanism by which metastasis-associated protein 2 triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our experiments reveal the mechanism for metastasis-associated protein 2 in facilitating invasive potential of non-small-cell lung cancer cells, suggesting that metastasis-associated protein 2 might be a potential therapeutic target for treating the metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diease, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diease, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Smith KS, Yadav VK, Pedersen BS, Shaknovich R, Geraci MW, Pollard KS, De S. Signatures of accelerated somatic evolution in gene promoters in multiple cancer types. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5307-17. [PMID: 25934800 PMCID: PMC4477653 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated somatic mutations outside protein-coding regions remain largely unexplored. Analyses of the TERT locus have indicated that non-coding regulatory mutations can be more frequent than previously suspected and play important roles in oncogenesis. Using a computational method called SASE-hunter, developed here, we identified a novel signature of accelerated somatic evolution (SASE) marked by a significant excess of somatic mutations localized in a genomic locus, and prioritized those loci that carried the signature in multiple cancer patients. Interestingly, even when an affected locus carried the signature in multiple individuals, the mutations contributing to SASE themselves were rarely recurrent at the base-pair resolution. In a pan-cancer analysis of 906 samples from 12 tumor types, we detected SASE in the promoters of several genes, including known cancer genes such as MYC, BCL2, RBM5 and WWOX. Nucleotide substitution patterns consistent with oxidative DNA damage and local somatic hypermutation appeared to contribute to this signature in selected gene promoters (e.g. MYC). SASEs in selected cancer gene promoters were associated with over-expression, and also correlated with the age of onset of cancer, aggressiveness of the disease and survival. Taken together, our work detects a hitherto under-appreciated and clinically important class of regulatory changes in cancer genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Computational Biosciences Program, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vinod K Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brent S Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark W Geraci
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Subhajyoti De
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Computational Biosciences Program, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
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Nagaraj SRM, Shilpa P, Rachaiah K, Salimath BP. Crosstalk between VEGF and MTA1 signaling pathways contribute to aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:333-50. [PMID: 24265228 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The expression of metastasis associated protein (MTA1) correlates well with tumor metastasis; however its role as a proangiogenic protein and the molecular mechanisms underlying the same are not fully understood. In this study the MTA1 protein was expressed and purified to evaluate its angiogenic potential. In both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, endogenous MTA1 protein was localized in the nucleus; while added recombinant MTA1 protein was bound to cell membrane as per immunofluorescence data. MTA1 was detected both in conditioned media and in human serum samples. Recombinant MTA1 regulated cellular functions of HUVEC's such as, proliferation, tube formation, and migration. MTA1 was more potent than VEGF in inducing invasion of breast cancer cells. Analogous to VEGF, MTA1 could induce angiogenesis in both non-tumor and tumor context, as verified by rat cornea, shell less CAM and xenograft models respectively. However MTA-1 was more potent an inducer of angiogenesis. VEGF or Flt-1 gene promoter, luciferase gene reporter analysis revealed that MTA1 up regulates the expression of VEGF and its receptor Flt-1 genes. Kinetics of VEGF-induced expression of MTA1 and qPCR studies showed that there is an increased expression of MTA1 in tumor cells. VEGF induced phosphorylation of endogenous MTA1 on tyrosine residues; phosphorylation was mediated through VEGFR2 and p38-MAP kinase. Recombinant MTA1 activated signaling, in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, involved ERK and JNK pathways. In conclusion, MTA1 is a potent angiogenic molecule and cross talk between VEGF and MTA1 protein regulates tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chorioallantoic Membrane
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Wound Healing
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Raj M Nagaraj
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
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Abstract
The chromatin environment is essential for the correct specification and preservation of cell identity through modulation and maintenance of transcription patterns. Many chromatin regulators are required for development, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation. Here, we review the roles of the polycomb repressive complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, and the HDAC1- and HDAC2-containing complexes, NuRD, Sin3, and CoREST, in stem cells, development, and cancer, as well as the ongoing efforts to develop therapies targeting these complexes in human cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the role of repressive complexes in modulating thresholds for gene activation and their importance for specification and maintenance of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Laugesen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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35
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Dhar S, Kumar A, Li K, Tzivion G, Levenson AS. Resveratrol regulates PTEN/Akt pathway through inhibition of MTA1/HDAC unit of the NuRD complex in prostate cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:265-75. [PMID: 25447541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis associated protein 1 (MTA1) is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NuRD) complex which mediates gene silencing and is overexpressed in several cancers. We reported earlier that resveratrol, a dietary stilbene found in grapes, can down-regulate MTA1. In the present study, we show that PTEN is inactivated by MTA1 in prostate cancer cells. Further, we show that resveratrol promotes acetylation and reactivation of PTEN via inhibition of the MTA1/HDAC complex, resulting in inhibition of the Akt pathway. In addition, we show that MTA1 knockdown is sufficient to augment acetylation of PTEN indicating a crucial role of MTA1 itself in the regulation of PTEN acetylation contributing to its lipid phosphatase activity. Acetylated PTEN preferentially accumulates in the nucleus where it binds to MTA1. We also show that MTA1 interacts exclusively with PTEN acetylated on Lys¹²⁵ and Lys¹²⁸, resulting in diminished p-Akt levels. Finally, using orthotopic prostate cancer xenografts, we demonstrate that both resveratrol treatment and MTA1 knockdown enhance PTEN levels leading to a decreased p-Akt expression and proliferation index. Taken together, our results indicate that MTA1/HDAC unit is a negative regulator of PTEN which facilitates survival pathways and progression of prostate cancer and that resveratrol can reverse this process through its MTA1 inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dhar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kun Li
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Guri Tzivion
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Anait S Levenson
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Xue H, Wang H, Liu J, Liu H, Li C, Han L, Lin C, Zhan Q, Zhao Z, Qian H. MTA1 downregulation inhibits malignant potential in a small cell lung cancer cell line. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:885-92. [PMID: 25502548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a component of the nuclear remodeling and deacetylation complex (NuRD complex), metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has been reported to play a key role in cancer malignancy. However, whether MTA1 functions in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) malignant behavior and whether it is feasible to be used as a therapeutic target have not been evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MTA1 downregulation on SCLC malignancy. First we demonstrated the overexpression of MTA1 in SCLC specimens. After knocking down the MTA1 level by specific siRNA sequence, the biological consequences on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that MTA1 silencing had potent suppressive effects on SCLC proliferation, migration and invasion. Apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest was induced in the MTA1-silenced SCLC cells. In summary, MTA1 plays a critical role in regulating the malignant behaviors of SCLC. Depleting MTA1 level may be an effective strategy by which to suppress SCLC growth and metastasis in future biotherapeutic attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P.R. China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Okano M, Kumamoto K, Saito M, Onozawa H, Saito K, Abe N, Ohtake T, Takenoshita S. Upregulated Annexin A1 promotes cellular invasion in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1064-70. [PMID: 25592491 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-linked protein, involved in anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. While many studies have investigated the ANXA1 expression in various tumor types, the role of ANXA1 is not fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the ANXA1 expression in 211 breast cancer patients and compared the levels with clinicopathological factors. ANXA1 was positively expressed in 31 (14.7%) of the 211 cases in our cohort, and these positive cases were associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (P=0.007) and venous invasion (P=0.028). The in vitro cell experiment found that the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which is a TNBC cell line, highly expressed ANXA1. Using this cell line, the functional role of ANXA1 in breast cancer was revealed and the knockdown of ANXA1 by specific siRNA demonstrated a significant reduction in cellular invasion. Further experiments indicated that ANXA1 was induced by hypoxia with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induction. These results suggested that ANXA1, which enhanced breast cancer invasion and metastasis under hypoxia, were significantly associated with the worst patient outcome. This is particularly noted in TNBC, the group of breast cancer with the worst outcome for which new therapeutic implications are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Okano
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kumamoto
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Hisashi Onozawa
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Noriko Abe
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohtake
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
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38
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Liu J, Wang H, Ma F, Xu D, Chang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao M, Lin C, Huang C, Qian H, Zhan Q. MTA1 regulates higher-order chromatin structure and histone H1-chromatin interaction in-vivo. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:218-35. [PMID: 25205035 PMCID: PMC5528677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, for the first time, we found that metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) was a higher-order chromatin structure organizer that decondenses the interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes. MTA1 interacts dynamically with nucleosomes during the cell cycle progression, prominently contributing to the mitotic chromatin/chromosome structure transitions at both prophase and telophase. We showed that the decondensation of interphase chromatin by MTA1 was independent of Mi-2 chromatin remodeling activity. H1 was reported to stabilize the compact higher-order chromatin structure through its interaction with DNA. Our data showed that MTA1 caused a reduced H1-chromatin interaction in-vivo. Moreover, the dynamic MTA1-chromatin interaction in the cell cycle contributed to the periodical H1-chromatin interaction, which in turn modulated chromatin/chromosome transitions. Although MTA1 drove a global decondensation of chromatin structure, it changed the expression of only a small proportion of genes. After MTA1 overexpression, the up-regulated genes were distributed in clusters along with down-regulated genes on chromosomes at parallel frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dongkui Xu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yanan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Changzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
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Basta J, Rauchman M. The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex in development and disease. Transl Res 2015; 165:36-47. [PMID: 24880148 PMCID: PMC4793962 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is one of the major chromatin remodeling complexes found in cells. It plays an important role in regulating gene transcription, genome integrity, and cell cycle progression. Through its impact on these basic cellular processes, increasing evidence indicates that alterations in the activity of this macromolecular complex can lead to developmental defects, oncogenesis, and accelerated aging. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have elucidated the mechanisms of NuRD action in modifying the chromatin landscape. These advances have the potential to lead to new therapeutic approaches to birth defects and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Basta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; John Cochran Division, VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Rauchman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; John Cochran Division, VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri.
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40
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Ning Z, Gan J, Chen C, Zhang D, Zhang H. Molecular functions and significance of the MTA family in hormone-independent cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:901-19. [PMID: 25341508 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The members of the metastasis-associated protein (MTA) family play pivotal roles in both physiological and pathophysiological processes, especially in cancer development and metastasis, and their role as master regulators has come to light. Due to the fact that they were first identified as crucial factors in estrogen receptor-mediated breast cancer metastasis, most of the early studies focused on their hormone-dependent functions. However, the accumulating evidence shows that the members of MTA family are deregulated in most, if not all, the cancers studied so far. Therefore, the levels as well as the activities of the MTA family members are widely accepted as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and predictors of overall survival. They function differently in different cancers with specific mechanisms. p53 and HIF-1α appear to be the respectively common upstream and downstream regulator of the MTA family in both development and metastasis of a wide spectrum of cancers. Here, we review the expression and clinical significance of the MTA family, focusing on hormone-independent cancers. To illustrate the molecular mechanisms, we analyze the MTA family-related signaling pathways in different cancers. Finally, targeting the MTA family directly or the pathways involved in the MTA family indirectly could be invaluable strategies in the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ning
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Basic Medicine College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, 437100, China
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41
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Abstract
Among the genes that were found to be abundantly overexpressed in highly metastatic rat cell lines compared to poorly metastatic cell lines, we identified a completely novel complementary DNA (cDNA) without any homologous or related genes in the database in 1994. The full-length cDNA of this rat gene was cloned, sequenced, and named metastasis-associated gene 1 (mta1), and eventually, its human cDNA counterpart, MTA1, was also cloned and sequenced by our group. MTA1 has now been identified as one of the members of a gene family (MTA gene family) and the products of the MTA genes, the MTA proteins, are transcriptional co-regulators that function in histone deacetylation and nucleosome remodeling and have been found in nuclear histone remodeling complexes. Furthermore, MTA1 along with its protein product MTA1 has been repeatedly and independently reported to be overexpressed in a vast range of human cancers and cancer cell lines compared to non-cancerous tissues and cell lines. The expression levels of MTA1 correlate well with the malignant properties of human cancers, strongly suggesting that MTA1 and possibly other MTA proteins (and their genes) could be a new class of molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Toh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan,
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Ryu SH, Jang MK, Kim WJ, Lee D, Chung YH. Metastatic tumor antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma: golden roads toward personalized medicine. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:965-80. [PMID: 25325987 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prototype of hypervascular tumors, is one of the most common malignancies in the world, especially hyperendemic in the Far East where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent. It is characterized by the clinical feature of a poor prognosis or a high mortality due to its already far advanced stages at diagnosis. It is so multifactorial that hepatocarcinogenesis cannot be explained by a single molecular mechanism. To date, a number of pathways have been known to contribute to the development, growth, angiogenesis, and even metastasis of HCC. Among the various factors, metastatic tumor antigens (MTAs) or metastasis-associated proteins have been vigorously investigated as an intriguing target in the field of hepatocarcinogenesis. According to recent studies including ours, MTAs are not only involved in the HCC development and growth (molecular carcinogenesis), but also closely associated with the post-operative recurrence and a poor prognosis or a worse response to post-operative anti-cancer therapy (clinical significance). Herein, we review MTAs in light of their essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis. We will also focus in detail on the interaction between hepatitis B x protein (HBx) of HBV and MTA in order to clarify the HBV-associated HCC development. Finally, we will discuss the prognostic significance and clinical application of MTA in HCC. We believe that this review will help clinicians to understand the meaning and use of the detection of MTA in order to more effectively manage their HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Metastasis-associated gene or metastasis tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) is a new member of cancer progression-related gene family. It was first identified in rat mammary adenocarcinoma and later recognized as an important constituent of nucleosomal remodeling complex (NuRD), displaying dual regulatory functions as a co-repressor and co-activator for a large number of genes. Chromatin remodelers are ATP-dependent multi-protein chromatin modifying machines. These complexes alter the nucleosome positioning regulating the accessibility of genomic DNA to various transcription factors and thus modulate eukaryotic gene transcription. Since its identification two decades ago, MTA1 has been reported to be overexpressed in many cancers. Moreover, its overexpression has also been correlated with transformation and tumor progression. Furthermore, MTA1 has been shown to modulate the response of several tumor suppressor genes like p53 and oncogenes like c-myc. Taken together, current literature suggests that MTA proteins, especially MTA1, act as a master co-regulatory molecule involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of various malignant tumors. The primary focus of this review is to provide an overview of the MTA proteins with special emphasis on its role in cancer and use as a marker for cancer progression and potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekjot Kaur
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Gene expression is controlled through the recruitment of large coregulator complexes to specific gene loci to regulate chromatin structure by modifying epigenetic marks on DNA and histones. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is an essential component of the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex that acts as a scaffold protein to assemble enzymatic activity and nucleosome targeting proteins. MTA1 consists of four characterised domains, a number of interaction motifs, and regions that are predicted to be intrinsically disordered. The ELM2-SANT domain is one of the best-characterised regions of MTA1, which recruits histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and activates the enzyme in the presence of inositol phosphate. MTA1 is highly upregulated in several types of aggressive tumours and is therefore a possible target for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarise the structure and function of the four domains of MTA1 and discuss the possible functions of less well-characterised regions of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Millard
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - Louise Fairall
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - John W. R. Schwabe
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
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DAF-16/FOXO and EGL-27/GATA promote developmental growth in response to persistent somatic DNA damage. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1168-1179. [PMID: 25419847 PMCID: PMC4250074 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome maintenance defects cause complex disease phenotypes characterized by developmental failure, cancer susceptibility, and premature aging. It remains poorly understood how DNA damage responses function during organismal development and maintain tissue functionality when DNA damage accumulates with aging. Here we show that the FoxO transcription factor DAF-16 is activated in response to DNA damage during development while the DNA damage responsiveness of DAF-16 declines with aging. We find that in contrast to its established role in mediating starvation arrest, DAF-16 alleviates DNA damage-induced developmental arrest and even in the absence of DNA repair promotes developmental growth and enhances somatic tissue functionality. We demonstrate that the GATA transcription factor EGL-27 co-regulates DAF-16 target genes in response to DNA damage and together with DAF-16 promotes developmental growth. We propose that EGL-27/GATA activity specifies DAF-16 mediated DNA damage responses to enable developmental progression and to prolong tissue functioning when DNA damage persists.
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Lu Y, Wei C, Xi Z. Curcumin suppresses proliferation and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer by modulation of MTA1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:840-50. [PMID: 24938356 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, has a diversity of antitumor activities. It has been previously demonstrated that curcumin can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of tumors through activation of the tumor suppressor DnaJ-like heat shock protein 40 (HLJ1). However, the specific roles and mechanisms of curcumin in regulating the malignant behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells still remain unclear. In this study, we found that curcumin could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells and induce G0/G1 phase arrest. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) overexpression has been detected in a wide variety of aggressive tumors and plays an important role on cell invasion and metastasis. Our results showed that curcumin could effectively inhibit the MTA1 expression of NSCLC cells. Further research on the subsequent mechanism showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells through MTA1-mediated inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was reported to play a critical cooperative role on promoting lung tumorigenesis. Thus, these investigations provided novel insights into the mechanisms of curcumin on inhibition of NSCLC cell growth and invasion and showed potential therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Lu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
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He X, Zhou C, Zheng L, Xiong Z. Overexpression of MTA1 promotes invasiveness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 183:433-8. [PMID: 24214543 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of metastasis-associated gene MTA1 on proliferation and invasion potential of ovarian cancer cell line A2780. METHODS The eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3. 1-MTA1 was introduced into A2780 cells by gene transfection in vitro. The MTA1 mRNA and protein level in cancer cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. The growth activities of cancer cells were detected by trypan blue stain method. The clone formation assay in soft agar was used to observe the proliferation of cancer cells. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells. And the protein level of bcl-xL in ovarian cancer cells was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The TUNEL assay was performed to study the apoptosis of tumor cells. RESULTS Seventy-two hours after transfection, the MTA1 expression increased significantly (P < 0.01). The up-regulation of MTA1 did not affect the growth activities of cancer cells (P > 0.05), but it promoted clone formation, migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells (P < 0.01). The cellular expression of bcl-xL increased 65.22 %, with a PI value of (71.64 ± 5.96) %. With the up-regulation of MTA1 and bcl-xL level, the apoptotic rate of A2780 cell was decreased. CONCLUSIONS MTA1 gene plays an important role in progression and metastasis of ovarian cancers, which provides an ideal strategy for gene therapy of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang, Ave 1277#, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Miyashita T, Tajima H, Munemoto M, Shah FA, Harmon JW, Watanabe T, Shoji M, Okamoto K, Nakanuma S, Sakai S, Kinoshita J, Makino I, Nakamura K, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Inokuchi M, Nakagawara H, Takamura H, Ninomiya I, Kitagawa H, Fushida S, Mukaisho K, Fujimura T, Ohta T. Impact of histone deacetylase 1 and metastasis-associated gene 1 expression in esophageal carcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:758-764. [PMID: 25009653 PMCID: PMC4081431 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are important for the development of novel therapies for esophageal cancer. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/metastasis-associated gene (MTA1) complexes inhibit p53 acetylation and thus, inhibit p53-induced apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate HDAC1 and MTA1 expression in esophageal carcinogenesis in rats. The rats underwent a total gastrectomy followed by esophagojejunostomy to induce chronic duodenal content reflux esophagitis. The rats were sacrificed sequentially at 20, 30, 40 and 50 weeks post-surgery and the esophagi were examined. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to assess the expression and localization of HDAC1 and MTA1. At 20 weeks post-surgery, squamous proliferative hyperplasia and Barrett’s metaplasia (BM) were observed. While, adenocarcinoma-associated BM and squamous cell carcinoma were observed at 30–50 weeks post-surgery. The nuclear expression of HDAC1 and MTA1 was observed in all of the stages of squamous carcinogenesis and adenocarcinogenesis, although not in the normal esophageal epithelium. The expression of HDAC1 and MTA1 may be involved in duodenoesophageal reflux-induced neoplastic transformation of the esophageal mucosa into cancer cells with squamous and adeno differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Munemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Furhawn A Shah
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John W Harmon
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Toshifumi Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shoji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seisho Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Nakagawara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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Jiang C, Huang T, Wang Y, Huang G, Wan X, Gu J. Immunoglobulin G expression in lung cancer and its effects on metastasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97359. [PMID: 24853685 PMCID: PMC4031068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide, but the regulatory mechanism of its growth and metastasis is still poorly understood. We investigated the possible expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) genes in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung and related cancer cell lines. Abundant mRNA of IgG and essential enzymes for IgG synthesis, recombination activation genes 1, 2 (RAG1, 2) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) were detected in the cancer cells but not in adjacent normal lung tissue or normal lung epithelial cell line. The extents of IgG expression in 86 lung cancers were found to associate with clinical stage, pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. We found that knockdown of IgG with siRNA resulted in decreases of cellular proliferation, migration and attachment for cultured lung cancer cells. Metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) appeared to be co-expressed with IgG in lung cancer cells. Statistical analysis showed that the rate of IgG expression was significantly correlated to that of MTA1 and to lymph node metastases. Inhibition of MTA1 gene expression with siRNA also led to decreases of cellular migration and attachment for cultured lung cancer cells. These evidences suggested that inhibition of cancer migration and attachment induced by IgG down-regulation might be achieved through MTA1 regulatory pathway. Our findings suggest that lung cancer-produced IgG is likely to play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis with significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Translational Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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JIAO FENG, JIN ZILIANG, WANG LEI, WANG LIWEI. Research and clinical applications of molecular biomarkers in gastrointestinal carcinoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2013; 1:819-827. [PMID: 24649035 PMCID: PMC3917016 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma is a common malignant disease worldwide. Its development and progression is a multistage process involving a multifactorial etiology. Although the detailed mechanisms of the development of GI carcinoma remain controversial, the elucidation of its molecular biology over the last few years has resulted in a better perspective on its epidemiology, carcinogenesis and pathogenesis. More significantly, it is currently possible to use biological indicators or biomarkers in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and specific clinical interventions. In this review, we aimed to describe the biomarkers of pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of GI carcinoma and discuss their potential clinical applications. The majority of these biomarkers, such as tumor-associated antigens, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, metastasis-associated genes, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors and microRNAs, are currently broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- FENG JIAO
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - ZILIANG JIN
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LIWEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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