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Zhao J, Wang X, Zhu J, Chukwudi C, Finebaum A, Zhang J, Yang S, He S, Saeidi N. PhaseFIT: live-organoid phase-fluorescent image transformation via generative AI. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:297. [PMID: 38097545 PMCID: PMC10721831 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have provided a powerful platform for mechanistic investigations into fundamental biological processes involved in the development and function of organs. Despite the potential for image-based phenotypic quantification of organoids, their complex 3D structure, and the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of immunofluorescent staining present significant challenges. In this work, we developed a virtual painting system, PhaseFIT (phase-fluorescent image transformation) utilizing customized and morphologically rich 2.5D intestinal organoids, which generate virtual fluorescent images for phenotypic quantification via accessible and low-cost organoid phase images. This system is driven by a novel segmentation-informed deep generative model that specializes in segmenting overlap and proximity between objects. The model enables an annotation-free digital transformation from phase-contrast to multi-channel fluorescent images. The virtual painting results of nuclei, secretory cell markers, and stem cells demonstrate that PhaseFIT outperforms the existing deep learning-based stain transformation models by generating fine-grained visual content. We further validated the efficiency and accuracy of PhaseFIT to quantify the impacts of three compounds on crypt formation, cell population, and cell stemness. PhaseFIT is the first deep learning-enabled virtual painting system focused on live organoids, enabling large-scale, informative, and efficient organoid phenotypic quantification. PhaseFIT would enable the use of organoids in high-throughput drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Zhao
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiyue Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Junyou Zhu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Chijioke Chukwudi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Andrew Finebaum
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Shijie He
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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2
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Malaekeh-Nikouei A, Shokri-Naei S, Karbasforoushan S, Bahari H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Heidari R, Askari VR. Metformin beyond an anti-diabetic agent: A comprehensive and mechanistic review on its effects against natural and chemical toxins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115263. [PMID: 37541178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, a growing number of studies have shown that metformin has some exciting properties, such as anti-oxidative capabilities, anticancer, genomic stability, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis, which have potent, that can treat other disorders other than diabetes mellitus. We aimed to describe and review the protective and antidotal efficacy of metformin against biologicals, chemicals, natural, medications, pesticides, and radiation-induced toxicities. A comprehensive search has been performed from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 8, 2023. All in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were considered. Many studies suggest that metformin affects diseases other than diabetes. It is a radioprotective and chemoprotective drug that also affects viral and bacterial diseases. It can be used against inflammation-related and apoptosis-related abnormalities and against toxins to lower their effects. Besides lowering blood sugar, metformin can attenuate the effects of toxins on body weight, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, caspase-3 activation, cell viability and survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB, TNF-α, many interleukins, lipid profile, and many enzymes activity such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. It also can reduce the histopathological damages induced by many toxins on the kidneys, liver, and colon. However, clinical trials and human studies are needed before using metformin as a therapeutic agent against other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Malaekeh-Nikouei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Shokri-Naei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Karbasforoushan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Khan R, Jori C, Ansari MM, Ahmad A, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Sultana S. α-Terpineol Mitigates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rats by Attenuating Inflammation and Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29794-29802. [PMID: 37599911 PMCID: PMC10433518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the major inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. α-Terpineol (αTL) is naturally present in several plants, and it belongs to the monoterpenes category. αTL possesses various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiulcer activities. Importantly, αTL has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects also. In this study, we hypothesize that αTL may have protective effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 6 rats each. In group III, αTL was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt. orally from days 1 to 14, while in groups II and III, 4% DSS in drinking water was given to rats ad libitum from the 7th to 14th days. After 24 h of the last dose of αTL, all animals were euthanized. αTL administration reduced the DSS-induced colonic disease activity index, tissue damage, and goblet cell disintegration. αTL suppressed the orchestration of mast cells in the inflamed colon, enhanced the immunostaining of NF-kB-p65, COX-2, iNOS, p53, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, and suppressed the immunostaining of connexin-43, survivin, and Bcl-2. The activities of caspases-9 and -3 were reduced significantly by αTL pretreatment, as also confirmed by calorimetric assays. Moreover, αTL significantly attenuated the nitric oxide level and myeloperoxidase activity. Histological results further support the fact that αTL reduced DSS-induced colonic damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Overall, our findings suggest that αTL has strong protective effects against DSS-induced colitis by mitigating inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Jori
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Md. Meraj Ansari
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, S.A.S Nagar,
Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia
McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases
and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity
Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Department
of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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4
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Klitgaard M, Kristensen MN, Venkatasubramanian R, Guerra P, Jacobsen J, Berthelsen R, Rades T, Müllertz A. Assessing acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats and its impact on gastrointestinal fluids. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1484-1499. [PMID: 36913104 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is commonly used to induce colitis in rats. While the DSS-induced colitis rat model can be used to test new oral drug formulations for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, the effect of the DSS treatment on the gastrointestinal tract has not been thoroughly characterized. Additionally, the use of different markers to assess and confirm successful induction of colitis is somewhat inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the DSS model to improve the preclinical evaluation of new oral drug formulations. The induction of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, histological tissue evaluation, spleen weight, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma lipocalin-2. Furthermore, the study investigated how the DSS-induced colitis affected the luminal pH, lipase activity, and concentrations of bile salts, polar lipids, and neutral lipids. For all evaluated parameters, healthy rats were used as a reference. The DAI score, colon length, and histological evaluation of the colon were effective disease indicators in DSS-induced colitis rats, while spleen weight, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma lipocalin-2 were not. The luminal pH of the colon and bile salt- and neutral lipid concentrations in regions of the small intestine were lower in DSS-induced rats compared to healthy rats. Overall, the colitis model was deemed relevant for investigating ulcerative colitis-specific formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Klitgaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Nørgaard Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Priscila Guerra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Perez F, Kotecha N, Lavoie B, Mawe GM, Patel BA. Monitoring Gut Epithelium Serotonin and Melatonin Overflow Provides Spatial Mapping of Inflammation. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200334. [PMID: 36394122 PMCID: PMC9909162 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical arrays were used to measure the overflow of serotonin (5-HT) and melatonin (MEL) from the entire colon of healthy mice and mice with chemical-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to understand the interplay between inflammation and colonic function. We show that 5-HT overflow is increased, whilst MEL levels are reduced, in inflamed tissues. The levels of MEL are increased at the interface between healthy and inflamed regions within the colon and may limit the spread of inflammation. Understanding the interplay between inflammation and mucosal epithelial signalling can provide key insight into colonic function and aid the development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki Kotecha
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405 USA
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405 USA
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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6
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Abou Zaid ES, Mansour SZ, El-Sonbaty SM, Moawed FSM, Kandil EI, Haroun RAH. Boswellic acid coated zinc nanoparticles attenuate NF-κB-mediated inflammation in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320221150720. [PMID: 36600460 PMCID: PMC9830081 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221150720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, and until now therapeutic agents for UC still cannot exert satisfied effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of boswellic acid coated zinc nanoparticles (BAs-ZnNPs) on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced-UC in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups; control, BAs-ZnNPs, DSS, DSS+BAs, and DSS + BAs-ZnNPs. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined colorimetrically, while the concentration of IgM, IgG, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. Levels of gene expression of NF-κB and COX-2 genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR, while the expression of protein levels of PI3K and STAT-3 were done by western blotting. Finally, histopathological examination of colon tissues of different groups of rats was done. RESULTS The depicted ball-like structure of the BAs-ZnNPs in the TEM images ranging in size from 50 to 100 nm in diameter while their formation was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy with a sharp peak of maximum absorbance at 266 nm. Our results revealed that BAs-ZnNPs exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in the experimental model of colitis, demonstrated histologically and biochemically as shown by the improvement of ALP, IgM, IgG, and the gene expression levels of NF-κB and COX-2. Also, this beneficial effect was associated with the reduction in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, PI3K, and STAT-3. Thus, this effect improves the altered immune response associated with the colonic inflammation. CONCLUSION BAs-ZnNPs can be proposed as a therapeutic candidate to attenuate UC. The potential underlying mechanism includes suppression of ALP, IgM, IgG, IL-1β, and IL-8 levels via regulation of NF-κB and COX-2 gene expression and STAT-3 and PI3K protein expression in a UC rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S Abou Zaid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somya Z Mansour
- Radiation Biology Department,
National
Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy
Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Radiation Microbiology Department,
National
Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy
Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma SM Moawed
- Health Radiation Research
Department, National
Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy
Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman I Kandil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham Abdel-Hamid Haroun
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo, Egypt,Riham Abdel-Hamid Haroun, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street Abbasya, Cairo 11566,
Egypt.
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7
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Yeom JE, Kim SK, Park SY. Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Inflammation by β-Caryophyllene Extracted from Cloves in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227782. [PMID: 36431883 PMCID: PMC9695579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, and weight loss. Ulcerative colitis is typically treated with anti-inflammatory drugs; however, these drugs are associated with various side effects, limiting their use. β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a natural compound derived from cloves, has antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of BCP on colitis in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. BCP was administered for seven days, followed by 2.5% DSS for additional seven days to induce colitis. Changes in stool weight, recovery of gut motility, colon length, colon histology, myeloperoxidase activity, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IgA, and IgG), and the gut microbiota were observed. Administration of BCP increased stool weight, restored gut motility, and considerably increased colon length compared to those in the untreated colitis mouse model. In addition, the amount of mucin and myeloperoxidase activity in the colon increased, whereas the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased following the administration of BCP. Furthermore, BCP reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria which can cause intestinal immune imbalance. These results suggest that BCP has a potential to be developed as a preventive agent for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yeom
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
- SFC Bio Co., Ltd., 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Kim
- SFC Bio Co., Ltd., 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-1434; Fax: +82-41-559-7899
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8
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López‐Estévez S, López‐Torrellardona JM, Parera M, Martínez V. Long-lasting visceral hypersensitivity in a model of DSS-induced colitis in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14441. [PMID: 36239298 PMCID: PMC9787759 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent visceral hypersensitivity is a key component of functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Current animal models fail to fully reproduce the characteristics of visceral pain in humans, particularly as it relates to persistent hypersensitivity. This work explores the validity of DSS-induced colitis in rats as a model to mimic chronic intestinal hypersensitivity. METHODS Exposure to DSS (5% for 7 days) was used to induce colitis in rats. Thereafter, changes in viscerosensitivity (visceromotor responses to colorectal distension-CRD), the presence of somatic referred pain (mechanosensitivity of the hind paws, von Frey test) and the expression (qRT-PCR) of sensory-related markers (colon, lumbosacral DRGs, and lumbosacral spinal cord) were assessed at different times during the 35 days period after colitis induction. RESULTS Following colitis, a sustained increase in visceromotor responses to CRD were observed, indicative of the presence of visceral hypersensitivity. Responses in animals without colitis remained stable over time. In colitic animals, somatic referred hypersensitivity was also detected. DSS-induced colitis was associated to a differential expression of sensory-related markers (with both pro- and anti-nociceptive action) in the colon, lumbosacral DRGs and lumbosacral spinal cord; indicating the presence of peripheral and central sensitization. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES DSS-induced colitis in rats is associated to the generation of a long-lasting state of visceral (colonic) hypersensitivity, despite clinical colitis resolution. This model reproduces the changes in intestinal sensitivity characteristics of inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders in humans and can be used in the characterization of new pharmacological treatments against visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López‐Estévez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Marc Parera
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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9
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Keshav N, Ammankallu R, Shashidhar, Paithankar JG, Baliga MS, Patil RK, Kudva AK, Raghu SV. Dextran sodium sulfate alters antioxidant status in the gut affecting the survival of Drosophila melanogaster. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:280. [PMID: 36275361 PMCID: PMC9481858 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestine. Several studies confirmed that oxidative stress induced by an enormous amount of reactive free radicals triggers the onset of IBD. Currently, there is an increasing trend in the global incidence of IBD and it is coupled with a lack of adequate long-term therapeutic options. At the same time, progress in research to understand the pathogenesis of IBD has been hampered due to the absence of adequate animal models. Currently, the toxic chemical Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) induced gut inflammation in rodents is widely perceived as a good model of experimental colitis or IBD. Drosophila melanogaster, a genetic animal model, shares ~ 75% sequence similarity to genes causing different diseases in humans and also has conserved digestion and absorption features. Therefore, in the current study, we used Drosophila as a model system to induce and investigate DSS-induced colitis. Anatomical, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed to measure the levels of inflammation and cellular disturbances in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Drosophila. Our study shows that DSS-induced inflammation lowers the levels of antioxidant molecules, affects the life span, reduces physiological activity and induces cellular damage in the GI tract mimicking pathophysiological features of IBD in Drosophila. Such a DSS-induced Drosophila colitis model can be further used for understanding the molecular pathology of IBD and screening novel drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03349-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishal Keshav
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 Karnataka India
| | - Ramyalakshmi Ammankallu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 Karnataka India
| | - Shashidhar
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 Karnataka India
| | - Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | | | - Rajashekhar K. Patil
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 Karnataka India
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 Karnataka India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 Karnataka India
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10
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Chlorogenic Acid and Quercetin in a Diet with Fermentable Fiber Influence Multiple Processes Involved in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis but Do Not Reduce Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183706. [PMID: 36145086 PMCID: PMC9501002 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients often avoid foods containing fermentable fibers as some can promote symptoms during active disease. Pectin has been identified as a more protective fermentable fiber, but little has been done to determine the interaction between pectin and bioactive compounds present in foods containing that fiber type. Quercetin and chlorogenic acid, two bioactives in stone fruits, may have anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that quercetin and chlorogenic acid, in the presence of the fermentable fiber pectin, may suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, alter the luminal environment, and alter colonocyte proliferation, thereby protecting against recurring bouts of UC. Rats (n = 63) received one of three purified diets (control, 0.45% quercetin, 0.05% chlorogenic acid) containing 6% pectin for 3 weeks before exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3% for 48 h, 3x, 2 wk separation, n = 11/diet) in drinking water to initiate UC, or control (no DSS, n = 10/diet) treatments prior to termination at 9 weeks. DSS increased the fecal moisture content (p < 0.05) and SCFA concentrations (acetate, p < 0.05; butyrate, p < 0.05). Quercetin and chlorogenic acid diets maintained SLC5A8 (SCFA transporter) mRNA levels in DSS-treated rats at levels similar to those not exposed to DSS. DSS increased injury (p < 0.0001) and inflammation (p < 0.01) scores, with no differences noted due to diet. Compared to the control diet, chlorogenic acid decreased NF-κB activity in DSS-treated rats (p < 0.05). Quercetin and chlorogenic acid may contribute to the healthy regulation of NF-κB activation (via mRNA expression of IκΒα, Tollip, and IL-1). Quercetin enhanced injury-repair molecule FGF-2 expression (p < 0.01), but neither diet nor DSS treatment altered proliferation. Although quercetin and chlorogenic acid did not protect against overt indicators of injury and inflammation, or fecal SCFA concentrations, compared to the control diet, their influence on the expression of injury repair molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, SCFA transport proteins, and NF-κB inhibitory molecules suggests beneficial influences on major pathways involved in DSS-induced UC. Therefore, in healthy individuals or during periods of remission, quercetin and chlorogenic acid may promote a healthier colon, and may suppress some of the signaling involved in inflammation promotion during active disease.
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Lindholm M, Di Sabatino A, Manon-Jensen T, Mazza G, Madsen GI, Giuffrida P, Pinzani M, Krag A, Karsdal MA, Kjeldsen J, Mortensen JH. A Serological Biomarker of Laminin Gamma 1 Chain Degradation Reflects Altered Basement Membrane Remodeling in Crohn's Disease and DSS Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3662-3671. [PMID: 34561759 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The laminin gamma 1 chain (LMγ1) is abundant along the crypt-villus axis in the intestinal basement membrane. AIMS We investigated whether a serological biomarker of laminin degradation was associated with disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Serum samples from CD patients (n = 43), healthy subjects (n = 19), and Sprague Dawley rats receiving 5-6% DSS water for five days and regular drinking water for 11 days were included in this study. The LG1M biomarker, a neo-epitope degradation fragment of the LMγ1 chain generated by matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), was measured in serum to estimate the level of laminin degradation. RESULTS Serum LG1M was elevated in CD patients with active and inactive disease compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). LG1M distinguished CD patients from healthy subjects, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (p < 0.0001). Serum LG1M was decreased in DSS rats compared to controls 2 days after DSS withdrawal, and increased upon reversal of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum LG1M in active and inactive CD patients supports the evidence of altered LM expression in both inflamed and non-inflamed tissue. Moreover, lower LG1M levels in the early healing phase of DSS-induced colitis may reflect ongoing mucosal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken Lindholm
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tina Manon-Jensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Gunvor I Madsen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim H Mortensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Tsafaras G, Baekelandt V. The role of LRRK2 in the periphery: link with Parkinson's disease and inflammatory diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105806. [PMID: 35781002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently considered a multisystemic disorder rather than a pure brain disease, in line with the multiple hit hypothesis from Braak. However, despite increasing evidence that the pathology might originate in the periphery, multiple unknown aspects and contradictory data on the pathological processes taking place in the periphery jeopardize the interpretation and therapeutic targeting of PD. Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been widely linked with familial and sporadic PD cases. However, the actual role of LRRK2 in PD pathophysiology is far from understood. There is evidence that LRRK2 may be involved in alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) pathology and immune cell regulation, but it has also been associated with inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis, leprosy, and several other bacterial infections. In this review, we focus on the different roles of LRRK2 in the periphery. More specifically, we discuss the involvement of LRRK2 in the propagation of α-synuclein pathology and its regulatory role in peripheral inflammation. A deeper understanding of the multidimensional functions of LRRK2 will pave the way for more accurate characterization of PD pathophysiology and its association with other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsafaras
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Adamkova P, Hradicka P, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Cizkova V, Vodicka P, Farkasova Iannaccone S, Kassayova M, Gancarcikova S, Demeckova V. Dextran Sulphate Sodium Acute Colitis Rat Model: A Suitable Tool for Advancing Our Understanding of Immune and Microbial Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Vet Sci 2022; 9:238. [PMID: 35622766 PMCID: PMC9147231 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders causing inflammation in the digestive tract. Recent data suggest that dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the IBD pathogenesis. As microbiome-based therapeutics that modulate the gut ecology have been proposed as a novel strategy for preventing IBD, the aim of presenting study was to evaluate the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) rat model mainly in terms of microbial shifts to confirm its suitability for dysbiosis study in IBD. Acute colitis was induced using 5% DSS solution for seven days and rats were euthanized five days after DSS removal. The faecal/caecal microbiota was analyzed by next generation sequencing. Disease activity index (DAI) score was evaluated daily. Blood and colon tissue immunophenotyping was assessed by flow cytometry and histological, haematological, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. The colitis induction was reflected in a significantly higher DAI score and changes in all parameters measured. This study demonstrated significant shifts in the colitis-related microbial species after colitis induction. The characteristic inflammation-associated microbiota could be detected even after a five day-recovery period. Moreover, the DSS-model might contribute to an understanding of the effect of different treatments on extraintestinal organ impairments. The observation that certain bacterial species in the gut microbiota are associated with colitis raises the question of whether these organisms are contributors to, or a consequence of the disease. Despite some limitations, we confirmed the suitability of DSS-induced colitis model to monitor microbial changes during acute colitis, in order to test attractive new microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Adamkova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Petra Hradicka
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (H.K.S.); (V.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Veronika Cizkova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (H.K.S.); (V.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (H.K.S.); (V.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Silvia Farkasova Iannaccone
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kassayova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Sona Gancarcikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vlasta Demeckova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
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Mitigation of DSS-Induced Colitis Potentially via Th1/Th2 Cytokine and Immunological Function Balance Induced by Phenolic-Enriched Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Bee Pollen Extract. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091293. [PMID: 35564016 PMCID: PMC9105923 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is an inflammatory disease that results from the overactivation of effector immune cells, producing a high quantity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study aimed to explore whether buckwheat (F. esculentum) bee pollen extract (FBPE) could inhibit the progression of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via regulating immune function. We isolated and identified six main phenolic compounds of FBPE such as luteolin (9.46 mg/g) by column chromatography, HPLC-DAD, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy, then assessed their effects on colonic mucosal injury by clinical symptoms, histomorphology and immunohistochemistry examinations. The results showed that FBPE at 25.2 g/kg body weight (g/kg BW) changed the clinical symptoms of colitis, the ICAM-1 expression in colon, the activity of related inflammatory mediators in colon tissue and helped restore the immune system. Compared with the model group (40.28%), the CD4 positivity was significantly reduced in the HD (High-dose group: 25.2 g FBPE/kg BW/day) group (20.45%). Administration of 25.2 g/kg BW of FBPE decreased the IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 levels, while enhancing the IL-10 level, and significantly inhibited the abnormally decreased IgG (Model: 13.25 mg/mL, HD: 14.06 mg/mL), showing a reversal effect on the Th1/Th2 levels in colitis. These findings suggested that FBPE at 25.2 g/kg BW had the effects of alleviating colitis and immunomodulation, which can help in the development of safe and effective immune therapy.
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Gu W, Zhang L, Han T, Huang H, Chen J. Dynamic Changes in Gut Microbiome of Ulcerative Colitis: Initial Study from Animal Model. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2631-2647. [PMID: 35494313 PMCID: PMC9049869 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s358807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An animal model of DSS-induced UC has been widely used in basic research, and the dysbiosis of gut microbiome is one of the important pathogenetic mechanisms of DSS-induced UC, but its dynamic changes and correlation with inflammatory factors are not clear yet. Methods Clinical signs and tissue damage degree of C57BL/6 ulcerative colitis mice model induced by different concentrations of DSS were compared with that of normal mice, and finally the optimal concentration of DSS was determined. Then we analyzed the sequencing results of gut microbiome and inflammatory factors to determine the dynamic patterns of gut microbiome and their correlation with the inflammatory factors. Results DSS at 2.5% and 3.0% concentration could cause intestinal injury and induce colitis. However, 3.0% DSS resulted in higher mortality. In addition, there were dynamic changes of gut microbiome in DSS-induced UC model: the relative abundance of intestinal flora increased first and then decreased in Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Romboutsia, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014, Parasutterella, and decreased first and then increased in Lactobacillus, Muribaculum, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, in addition, Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 and Enterorhabdus did not change in the first 14 days but increased significantly on day 21. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines were closely associated with the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota in mice with UC: most pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of the UC animal model were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors and negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory factors, while beneficial bacteria were the opposite. Conclusion Intestinal microecology plays an important role in DSS-induced UC model, and the relative abundance of gut microbiome changes dynamically in the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to ShanDong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangkun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to ShanDong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
- Hailiang Huang, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15628987355, Email
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to ShanDong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Chen, Central Hospital Affiliated to ShanDong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), No. 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 133 7058 7597, Email
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Nagendra Manda J, Abramov-Harpaz K, Regev C, Miller Y, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. PLA 2-Triggered Activation of Cyclosporine-Phospholipid Prodrug as a Drug Targeting Approach in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030675. [PMID: 35336048 PMCID: PMC8950246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral medication with activity specifically at the inflamed sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract and limited systemic exposure would be a major advance in our therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For this purpose, we have designed a prodrug by linking active drug moiety to phospholipid (PL), the substrate of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). PLA2 expression and activity is significantly elevated in the inflamed intestinal tissues of IBD patients. Since PLA2 enzyme specifically hydrolyses the sn-2 bond within PLs, in our PL-based prodrug approach, the sn-2 positioned FA is replaced with cyclosporine, so that PLA2 may be exploited as the prodrug-activating enzyme, releasing the free drug from the PL-complex. Owing to the enzyme overexpression, this may effectively target free cyclosporine to the sites of inflammation. Four PL-cyclosporine prodrugs were synthesized, differing by their linker length between the PL and the drug moiety. To study the prodrug activation, a novel enzymatically enriched model was developed, the colonic brush border membrane vesicles (cBBMVs); in this model, tissue vesicles were produced from colitis-induced (vs. healthy) rat colons. PLA2 overexpression (3.4-fold) was demonstrated in diseased vs. healthy cBBMVs. Indeed, while healthy cBBMVs induced only marginal activation, substantial prodrug activation was evident by colitis-derived cBBMVs. Together with the PLA2 overexpression, these data validate our drug targeting strategy. In the diseased cBBMVs, quick and complete activation of the entire dose was obtained for the 12-carbon linker prodrug, while slow and marginal activation was obtained for the 6/8-carbon linkers. The potential to target the actual sites of inflammation and treat any localizations throughout the GIT, together with the extended therapeutic index, makes this orally delivered prodrug approach an exciting new therapeutic strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | | | - Karina Abramov-Harpaz
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.); (Y.M.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Clil Regev
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.); (Y.M.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.); (Y.M.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA; (J.N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Mahmoud HA, Salama WM, Mariah RA, Eid AM. Ameliorative effect of Leiurus quinquestriatus venom on acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Nighot M, Ganapathy AS, Saha K, Suchanec E, Castillo EF, Gregory A, Shapiro S, Ma T, Nighot P. Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-12 Promotes Macrophage Transmigration Across Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions and Increases Severity of Experimental Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1751-1765. [PMID: 33836047 PMCID: PMC8495490 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] play an important role in extracellular matrix regulation during cell growth and wound healing. Increased expression of MMP-12 [human macrophage elastase] has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] which is characterised by the loss of epithelial tight junction [TJ] barrier function and an excessive inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MMP-12 in intestinal TJ barrier function and inflammation. METHODS Wild type [WT] and MMP-12-/- mice were subjected to experimental acute or chronic dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] colitis. The mouse colonic permeability was measured in vivo by recycling perfusion of the entire colon and ex vivo by Ussing chamber studies. RESULTS DSS administration increased colonic permeability through modulation of TJ proteins and also increased MMP-12 expression in the colonic mucosa of WT mice. The acute as well as chronic DSS-induced increase in colonic TJ permeability and the severity of DSS colitis was found to be markedly attenuated in MMP-12-/- mice. The resistance of MMP-12-/- mice to DSS colitis was characterised by reduced macrophage infiltration and transmigration, and reduced basement membrane laminin degradation. Further in vitro and in vivo studies show that macrophage transmigration across the epithelial layer is MMP-12 dependent and the epithelial TJ barrier is compromised during macrophage transmigration. Conclusions: Together, these data demonstrate that MMP-12 mediated degradation of basement membrane laminin, macrophage transmigration, and associated loss of intestinal TJ barrier are key pathogenic factors for intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Kushal Saha
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eric Suchanec
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alyssa Gregory
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Ye M, Wang C, Zhu J, Chen M, Wang S, Li M, Lu Y, Xiao P, Zhou M, Li X, Zhou R. An NF-κB-responsive long noncoding RNA, PINT, regulates TNF-α gene transcription by scaffolding p65 and EZH2. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21667. [PMID: 34405442 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are central regulators of the inflammatory response and play an important role in inflammatory diseases. PINT has been reported to be involved in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. However, the potential functions of PINT in the innate immune system are largely unknown. Here, we revealed the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes by PINT, whose expression is primarily dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway in human and mouse macrophage and intestinal epithelial cell lines. Functionally, PINT selectively regulates the expression of TNF-α in basal and LPS-stimulated cells. Mechanistically, PINT acts as a modular scaffold of p65 and EZH2 to coordinate their localization and specify their binding to the target genes. Further, a high expression level of PINT was detected in intestinal mucosal tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Together, these findings demonstrate that PINT acts as an activator of inflammatory responses, highlighting the importance of this lncRNA as a potential therapeutic target in infectious diseases and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Ye
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of Research, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Xiao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Local Immune Changes in Early Stages of Inflammation and Carcinogenesis Correlate with the Collagen Scaffold Changes of the Colon Mucosa. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102463. [PMID: 34070183 PMCID: PMC8158480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic colitis and colon cancer develop for alteration of the mucosa homeostatic regulation, also involving TGF-β1. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis animal models allow for the investigation of the pathological evolution steps. Since chronic inflammation is a common factor, we aimed to explore in rat models the colon mucosa immunological and structural conditions at one month after the end of the inductions, a transition period between acute effects and established lesions. We found, in comparison to healthy controls, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (except IL-6) and of TGF-β1. At the same time, the collagen scaffold was significantly remodelled in both groups. We conclude that the pro-inflammatory cytokines, in front of a downregulated TGF-β1, sustained a smouldering inflammation with structural changes preparing the niche of both pathologies (ulcerative colitis with fibrosis; tumour). The collagen scaffold changes pointing to an unnoticed inflammation may be suggested as a possible pre-neoplastic condition marker. Abstract Continuous activation of the immune system inside a tissue can lead to remodelling of the tissue structure and creation of a specific microenvironment, such as during the tumour development. Chronic inflammation is a central player in stimulating changes that alter the tissue stroma and can lead to fibrotic evolution. In the colon mucosa, regulatory mechanisms, including TGF-β1, avoid damaging inflammation in front of the continuous challenge by the intestinal microbiome. Inducing either DSS colitis or AOM colorectal carcinogenesis in AVN-Wistar rats, we evaluated at one month after the end of each treatment whether immunological changes and remodelling of the collagen scaffold were already in development. At this time point, we found in both models a general downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and even of TGF-β1, but not of IL-6. Moreover, we demonstrated by multi-photon microscopy the simultaneously presence of pro-fibrotic remodelling of the collagen scaffold, with measurable changes in comparison to the control mucosa. The scaffold was significantly modified depending on the type of induced stimulation. These results suggest that at one month after the end of the DSS or AOM inductions, a smouldering inflammation is present in both induced conditions, since the pro-inflammatory cytokines still exceed, in proportion, the local homeostatic regulation of which TGF-β1 is a part (inflammatory threshold). Such an inflammation appears sufficient to sustain remodelling of the collagen scaffold that may be taken as a possible pathological marker for revealing pre-neoplastic inflammation.
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Liberti A, Natarajan O, Atkinson CGF, Sordino P, Dishaw LJ. Reflections on the Use of an Invertebrate Chordate Model System for Studies of Gut Microbial Immune Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642687. [PMID: 33717199 PMCID: PMC7947342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional ecology of the gastrointestinal tract impacts host physiology, and its dysregulation is at the center of various diseases. The immune system, and specifically innate immunity, plays a fundamental role in modulating the interface of host and microbes in the gut. While humans remain a primary focus of research in this field, the use of diverse model systems help inform us of the fundamental principles legislating homeostasis in the gut. Invertebrates, which lack vertebrate-style adaptive immunity, can help define conserved features of innate immunity that shape the gut ecosystem. In this context, we previously proposed the use of a marine invertebrate, the protochordate Ciona robusta, as a novel tractable model system for studies of host-microbiome interactions. Significant progress, reviewed herein, has been made to fulfill that vision. We examine and review discoveries from Ciona that include roles for a secreted immune effector interacting with elements of the microbiota, as well as chitin-rich mucus lining the gut epithelium, the gut-associated microbiome of adults, and the establishment of a large catalog of cultured isolates with which juveniles can be colonized. Also discussed is the establishment of methods to rear the animals germ-free, an essential technology for dissecting the symbiotic interactions at play. As the foundation is now set to extend these studies into the future, broadening our comprehension of how host effectors shape the ecology of these microbial communities in ways that establish and maintain homeostasis will require full utilization of "multi-omics" approaches to merge computational sciences, modeling, and experimental biology in hypothesis-driven investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Liberti
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Ojas Natarajan
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Children’s Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Celine Grace F. Atkinson
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Children’s Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Larry J. Dishaw
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Children’s Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
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Single Donor FMT Reverses Microbial/Immune Dysbiosis and Induces Clinical Remission in a Rat Model of Acute Colitis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020152. [PMID: 33540919 PMCID: PMC7913212 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deviation in the gut microbial composition is involved in various pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) can act as a promising approach to treat IBD by which changes in microbiome can be reversed and homeostasis restored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FMT on the remission of acute inflammatory response using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced rat colitis model. Faecal microbial communities were analysed using the 16S rRNA approach, and clinical manifestations together with histological/haematological/biochemical/immunological analyses were assessed. Our study demonstrated significant shifts in the dominant species of microbiota under inflammatory conditions induced by DSS and evident restoration effect of FMT treatment on microbial composition. These faecal microbial alterations in FMT-treated rats led to a relative restoration of colon length, and a significant decrease in both epithelium damage and disease severity, which was reflected in lower serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Haematological/biochemical parameters in DSS-treated animals showed signs of anaemia with a significant reduction in red blood cell count together with increasing levels of total bilirubin, creatinine and phosphorus suggesting potential protective effect of FMT. These results support FMT as a valuable therapeutic strategy to control inflammation during acute colitis.
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Innovative Animal Model of DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Pseudo Germ-Free Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122571. [PMID: 33271873 PMCID: PMC7761014 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a standardized animal model subjected to antibiotic treatment, and the effects of this treatment on the course of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By decontamination with selective antibiotics and observation of pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) induced chemically by exposure of mice to various concentrations of DSS, we obtained an optimum animal PGF model of acute UC manifested by mucin depletion, epithelial degeneration and necrosis, leading to the disappearance of epithelial cells, infiltration of lamina propria and submucosa with neutrophils, cryptitis, and accompanied by decreased viability of intestinal microbiota, loss of body weight, dehydration, moderate rectal bleeding, and a decrease in the selected markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The obtained PGF model did not exhibit changes that could contribute to inflammation by means of alteration of the metabolic status and the induced dysbiosis did not serve as a bearer of pathogenic microorganisms participating in development of ulcerative colitis. The inflammatory process was induced particularly by exposure to DSS and its toxic action on compactness and integrity of mucosal barrier in the large intestine. This offers new possibilities of the use of this animal model in studies with or without participation of pathogenic microbiota in IBD pathogenesis.
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Mostafa AF, Elalfy MM, Shata A, Elhadidy MG. Prophylactic effect of aquatic extract of stevia on acetic acid induced-ulcerative colitis in male rats: a possible role of Nrf2 and PPARγ. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1093-1104. [PMID: 33035185 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease. Several studies demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress play significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to determine the protective effect and possible mechanism by which stevia affects the course of experimentally induced colitis. Methods Male rats were received stevia 20, 40, 80 mg/kg/day before induction of colitis by intra-rectal administration of 2 mL of 4% acetic acid, AA. Macroscopic and histopathological examination of the colon were done. Colonic content of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) activities and serum levels of interleukin (IL)1- β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assessed. Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) was done to determine the expression of NF-κB, Nrf2 and PPARγ genes. Spontaneous contraction and effects of increasing concentrations of acetylcholine and stevia have been studied on the isolated colonic segments. Results Stevia ameliorated colitis not only histopathologically but also it decreased the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, TBARS, MPO and the expression of NF-κB which were significantly increased in the AA group. The concentration of GSH, SOD, CAT and expression of Nrf2 and PPARγ were significantly increased with stevia. Moreover, stevia showed a relaxant effect on the colonic contractility which was increased in AA group. These all effects of stevia were more prominent with its highest dose. Conclusion Our results explored that, stevia acts protectively against UC by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which mediated by up-regulation of Nrf2 and PPARγ with downregulation of NF-κB. We suggest that stevia has the potential for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F Mostafa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elalfy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mona G Elhadidy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Liu P, Bian Y, Liu T, Zhong J, Zhong Y, Zhuang S, Liu Z. Huai hua san alleviates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis and modulates colonic microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112944. [PMID: 32387236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huai hua san (HHS) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula which is firstly documented in the ancient Chinese classic medical work "Pu Ji Ben Shi Fang" in 1132 AD. It has been widely used in the treatment of lower gastrointestinal disorders such as acute colitis and hematochezia for more than 800 years. However, scientific evidence of the efficacy and the exact mechanism of HHS against colitis has not yet been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of HHS in the alleviation of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and the alteration of colonic microbiota composition and structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS HHS solution was orally administrated to 5% DSS-challenged rats once a day for 8 days. Colitis clinical symptoms of colitis were collected, together with colonic mucosal damage assessed at histomorphometric and ultrastructural levels. The protein levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and CRP were detected by ELISA. The colonic vascular permeability was evaluated by Evans blue extravasation. Meanwhile, The effects of the HHS therapy on the colonic microbiota were evaluated by analyzing the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina sequencing and multivariate statistical methods. RESULTS Daily oral administration of HHS markedly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by decreased colitis disease activity index (DAI) score, reduced colonic inflammation and normalization of colonic vascular hyperpermeability. Moreover, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated that HHS treatment during colitis prevented the colitis-associated alteration of colonic microbial community at operational taxonomic unit level, together with the DSS-induced colonic microbiota dysbiosis at taxonomic levels. In addition, HHS therapy reduced colitis-associated high increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes to a normal level. CONCLUSION HHS could attenuate ulcerative colitis and ameliorate gut microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Zhuang
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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AlSharari SD, Toma W, Mahmood HM, Michael McIntosh J, Imad Damaj M. The α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors antagonist α-conotoxin RgIA reverses colitis signs in murine dextran sodium sulfate model. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173320. [PMID: 32645334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can regulate inflammation primarily through the vagus nerve via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. α9α10 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are a new promising target for chronic pain and inflammation. Recently, α9α10 selective α-conotoxin antagonists were shown to have antinociception effect in neuropathic and tonic inflammatory pain animal models. However, limited data available on the role of α9α10 nAChRs in experimental colitis. In this study, we report for the first time, the role of α9α10 nAChRs in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) experimental animal colitis model. We determined the effect of the α9α10 nAChRs antagonist, α-conotoxin RgIA (α-RgIA) in DSS-induced colitis model in adult male and female C57BL/6 J mice. DSS solution was freely given in the drinking water for seven consecutive days, and tap water was given on the 8th day. We then sacrificed mice on day 8 to examine the entire colon. Disease severity, colon tissue histology, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. The lower doses (0.02 and 0.1 nmol/mouse, s.c.) of α-RgIA treatment in DSS-treated mice were inactive, whereas the higher dose (0.2 nmol/mouse, s.c.) reversed the disease activity index (DAI) score, loss of body weight, total histological damage score, as well as the colonic level of TNF-α compared to the DSS-control group. Moreover, the highest dose of α-RgIA (0.2 nmol/mouse, s.c.) significantly rescued the colon length shortening in DSS-treated mice compared to the DSS-control mice. The availability of α9*-selective conotoxins has opened new avenues in pharmacology research and potential targets in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Hafiz M Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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Schander A, Castillo R, Paredes D, Hodge LM. Effect of Abdominal Lymphatic Pump Treatment on Disease Activity in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Osteopath Med 2020; 120:337-344. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, are chronic relapsing inflammatory diseases that affect 1.5 million people in the United States. Lymphatic pump treatment (LPT) techniques were designed to enhance the movement of lymph and can be used to relieve symptoms in patients with IBD and other gastrointestinal disorders.
Objective
To determine whether LPT would decrease gastrointestinal inflammation and reduce disease severity in rats with acute IBD.
Methods
On day 0, rats were randomized into control or experimental groups. Control rats received normal drinking water for days 0 to 9. On days 0 to 9, rats in the experimental groups received drinking water containing 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). On day 3, experimental rats were randomized into 3 groups. On days 3 to 8, experimental rats received either (1) no treatment or anesthesia (DSS alone); (2) 4 minutes of LPT with anesthesia administration (DSS+LPT); or (3) 4 minutes of sham treatment (ie, light touch) and anesthesia (DSS+sham). On day 9, colons and gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue were collected. Colon weight, histologic changes, disease activity index (DAI) score, and the concentration of leukocytes were measured.
Results
At day 9, the mean (SD) DAI score in the DSS+LPT group (1.0 [0.1]) was significantly decreased (P<.01) compared with the DAI score of DSS-alone rats (1.5 [0.1]). While the DAI in DSS+LPT rats was reduced on days 8 to 9, this difference was not statistically different (P>.05) compared with DSS+sham (1.3 [0.1]). No significant differences were found in colon weight, histopathologic findings, or the concentration of gastrointestinal leukocytes between DSS alone, DSS+sham, or DSS+LPT (P>.05).
Conclusion
While DSS+LPT reduced IBD compared with DSS+sham, the decrease was not statistically significant. Considering the growing use of adjunctive treatment for the management of IBD, it is important to identify the effect of osteopathic manipulative medicine on IBD progression.
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Cheng F, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zeng F, Wang K. Inhibition of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice by Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide. J Med Food 2020; 23:584-592. [PMID: 32282259 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that Angelica sinensis, which is a famous medicinal food in China, can effectively alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. However, as the major water-soluble ingredient, the specific effects of A. sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on UC and potential mechanisms were uncertain. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the protective effects of ASP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC and to further explore the mechanisms. ASP could significantly ameliorate the symptoms of weight loss, disease activity index score, and colon shortening caused by DSS. ASP treatment also significantly suppressed the myeloperoxidase activity in colon tissues. Furthermore, after ASP administration, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) induced by DSS was remarkably suppressed, and there was a definite improvement in the expressions of tight junction proteins, such as zona occludens 1, occludin, and claudin-1. In addition, the results of apoptosis experiments showed that the apoptotic events were noticeably reduced after ASP treatment. Taken together, these results suggested that ASP may be a potential natural agent against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nishina H, Katou-Ichikawa C, Kuramochi M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Participation of Somatic Stem Cells, Recognized by a Unique A3 Antibody, in Mucosal Epithelial Regeneration in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Rat Colonic Lesions. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:560-569. [PMID: 32122285 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320906817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A3, generated as a monoclonal antibody against rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma cells, recognizes somatic stem cells in rats. We analyzed the distribution of A3-positive cells in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic lesions consisting of regenerating mucosa and fibrosis. Male 6-week-old F344 rats were administered 5% DSS in drinking water for 5 to 7 days, and lesions at recovery stage were also examined. In untreated control adult colons, A3-positive cells are localized around the crypts where stem cell niche is formed. Histopathologically, in colons of DSS-administered rats, mucosal atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis were observed in the lamina propria; thereafter, mucosal epithelia were desquamated, and crypts were decreased gradually with decrease in surrounding A3-positive cells. At the early recovery stage, crypts showed regeneration with reappearance of A3-positive cells. Interestingly, A3-positive cells aggregated in desquamated mucosa surface of fibrosis. Aggregated A3-positive cells coexpressed with vimentin, Thy-1, and partly CK19 but did not react simultaneously with α-SMA. Likely, aggregated A3-positive cells may be rescue cells with nature of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells to maintain self-renewal after injury in the colon. A3 antibody would become a useful tool to investigate the participation of stem cells in rat colonic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Nishina
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisa Katou-Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Güvenç M, Cellat M, Özkan H, Tekeli İO, Uyar A, Gökçek İ, İşler CT, Yakan A. Protective Effects of Tyrosol Against DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Inflammation 2020; 42:1680-1691. [PMID: 31115770 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of tyrosol were investigated in DSS-induced experimental ulcerative colitis model. For this purpose, rats were divided into five groups of seven rats in each: control group, colitis group (DSS-4%), tyrosol group (tyrosol 20 mg/kg), sulfasalazine (sulfasalazine+DSS 100 mg/kg), and treatment group (tyrosol+DSS 20 mg/kg). In the study, the active substances were administered to all animals for a period of 21 days. At the end of the study, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased (p < 0.001); GSH level (p < 0.05) along with GSH.Px (p < 0.01) and CAT (p < 0.001) activities decreased in the DSS-induced colitis group. However, with the administration of tyrosol, MDA and GSH levels along with GSH.Px and CAT activities came to the same levels as the control group. In the colitis group, an increase occurred in IL-6, COX-2, and NF-κB parameters, which created a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, TNF-α levels also significantly increased with the administration of DSS (p < 0.05) which created a significant difference compared to the control group, while there was no difference among the other groups. As for the Nrf-2 data, it decreased with the administration of DSS which created a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while there was no difference in other groups. In the colitis-induced group, IL-6, COX-2, and NF-κB gene expression levels also similarly increased but returned to the normal levels with the administration of tyrosol. In the histopathological scoring, the negativity that increased with the administration of DSS returned to the normal levels with the administration of tyrosol+DSS. In conclusion, according to the data obtained, tyrosol fixed the destruction picture in the DSS-induced colitis model, giving rise to thought that it has a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Güvenç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Cafer Tayer İşler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Akın Yakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Zootechnics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Luzardo-Ocampo I, Campos-Vega R, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Loarca-Piña G. Consumption of a baked corn and bean snack reduced chronic colitis inflammation in CD-1 mice via downregulation of IL-1 receptor, TLR, and TNF-α associated pathways. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109097. [PMID: 32331643 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a condition that has been rising in the number of cases around the world. Food products made from natural ingredients such as corn and common bean might serve as alternatives for the treatment of UC. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the consumption of a baked corn and bean snack (CBS) in an in vivo model of UC using 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) as inductor of colitis. CD-1 mice (45, n = 9/group) were randomly separated into 5 groups, treated for 6-weeks as follows: G1 (basal diet, BD), G2 (2% DSS), G3 (20 g CBS/body weight BW/day + BD), G4 (40 g CBS/BW/day + BD) and G5 (60 g CBS/BW/day + BD). BW, Disease Activity Index (DAI), and feces were collected throughout the treatment. After euthanasia, organs (spleen, liver, and colon) were excised and weighed. Feces were analyzed for β-glucuronidase (β-GLUC) activity and gas-chromatography. The colons were analyzed for histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and gene analysis. At the end of treatments, among the DSS-induced groups, G3 exhibited the lowest BW losses (11.5%), MPO activity (10.4%) and β-GLUC (8.6%). G4 presented the lowest DAI (0.88), relative spleen weight, and histological inflammation score (p < 0.05). Compared to G2, CBS consumption significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 levels. The fecal metabolome analysis ranked 9-decenoic acid, decane, and butyric acid as the main contributors of pathways associated with the β-oxidation of fatty acids. G4 showed the highest fecal/cecal contents of short-chain fatty acids among all the DSS-induced groups. For the gene expression, G4 was clustered with G1, showing a differential inhibition of the pro-inflammatory genes Il1r1, Il1a, Tlr4, Tlr2, and Tnfrsf1b. In conclusion, CBS consumption decreased the inflammatory state and reduced the expression of the IL-1 receptor, TLR, and TNF-α-associated pathways in DSS-induced UC in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Queretaro, Mexico; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228-230 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228-230 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Queretaro, Mexico.
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El-Hady SM, AbouGhaly MH, El-Ashmoony MM, Helmy HS, El-Gazayerly ON. Colon targeting of celecoxib nanomixed micelles using pulsatile drug delivery systems for the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tam SYJ, Coller JK, Wignall A, Gibson RJ, Khatri A, Barbé C, Bowen JM. Intestinal accumulation of silica particles in a rat model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:584-592. [PMID: 31700235 PMCID: PMC6826066 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2019.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease characterized by periods of intense colonic inflammation leading to debilitating symptoms. Delivery methods of current UC treatments are suboptimal and associated with side effects. Silica particles are a potential alternative delivery method for UC therapeutics, given their promising drug-loading and safety profiles. However, it is unknown whether silica particles preferably accumulate at sites of colonic inflammation. This study aimed to correlate silica particle accumulation with colonic inflammation in a rat UC model. Methods: Albino Wistar rats received 4.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water (n=6) for 7 days to induce UC. Control rats (n=6) received drinking water only. UC activity was assessed daily using disease activity index. All rats were orally gavaged with silica particles labeled with Alexa-633 tags on day 9, followed by imaging at 3, 6, and 24 h. Silica particle distribution and accumulation were examined using biophotonic imaging, confocal microscopy and fluorescent spectrophotometry. Rats were killed on day 10, with jejunum, ileum and colon collected for histopathological scoring and quantification of fluorescence. Results: Rats treated with DSS had significantly higher UC disease activity (P=0.033) and colonic histopathological scores (P=0.0087) compared to controls. No statistically significant between-group differences in silica particle accumulation were seen on live imaging or tissue analysis. Conclusions: No correlation was seen between silica particle accumulation and colonic inflammation. However to draw clear conclusions, further research is required to establish the potential of silica particles as a UC-targeted delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yie Janine Tam
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Shu Yie Janine Tam, Anthony Wignall, Joanne M. Bowen)
| | - Janet K Coller
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Janet K. Coller)
| | - Anthony Wignall
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Shu Yie Janine Tam, Anthony Wignall, Joanne M. Bowen).,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Anthony Wignall)
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- Discipline of Anatomy, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Rachel J. Gibson).,Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Rachel J. Gibson)
| | - Aparajita Khatri
- Ceramisphere Pty Ltd, College Street Gladesville, New South Wales (Aparajita Khatri, Chris Barbé), Australia This work was a collaborative endeavor between the University of Adelaide and Ceramisphere Pty Ltd
| | - Chris Barbé
- Ceramisphere Pty Ltd, College Street Gladesville, New South Wales (Aparajita Khatri, Chris Barbé), Australia This work was a collaborative endeavor between the University of Adelaide and Ceramisphere Pty Ltd
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Shu Yie Janine Tam, Anthony Wignall, Joanne M. Bowen)
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Extracellular Matrix Fragments of the Basement Membrane and the Interstitial Matrix Are Serological Markers of Intestinal Tissue Remodeling and Disease Activity in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:3134-3142. [PMID: 31123972 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal inflammation results in tissue damage partly caused by an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity causing degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We studied intestinal tissue remodeling by quantifying ECM protein fragments in serum in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, to investigate ECM protein fragments as serological biomarkers of intestinal tissue remodeling and disease activity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days followed by 11 days with regular water. Disease activity index (DAI) was scored daily. Serum was collected on day 0, 6, 7, and 16. ELISAs were used to quantify MMP-derived remodeling fragments of basement membrane type IV collagen (C4M and PRO-C4) and interstitial matrix type III collagen (C3M and rPRO-C3). RESULTS In DSS rats, serum levels relative to baseline of C4M, PRO-C4, and C3M were elevated (P < 0.01; P < 0.001; P < 0.001) at day 7, which declined at day 16. Levels of rPRO-C3 were lower in DSS rats at day 7 and increased to normal levels at day 16. The ratio between C3M and rPRO-C3 showed an overall degradation (P < 0.0001) of collagen type III in DSS rats at day 7, which correlated to the DAI (r2 = 0.5588, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that remodeling of the basement membrane (C4M and PRO-C4) and the interstitial matrix (C3M and rPRO-C3) increased during DSS-induced colitis and declined with reversal of the disease. Thus, serological biochemical biomarkers of the ECM reflect tissue remodeling and could be studied as markers of disease activity in IBD.
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El-Mahdy NA, Saleh DA, Amer MS, Abu-Risha SES. Role of allopurinol and febuxostat in the amelioration of dextran-induced colitis in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 141:105116. [PMID: 31654756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic auto-inflammatory disorder confined to the colorectal region. It is challenging to find an absolute treatment and current therapy aims to ameliorate symptoms, decrease relapses and prevent prognosis of colorectal cancer. In the present study, we investigated the possible action of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in murine colitis model by measuring different indicative parameters and comparing the results to those of the reference sulfasalazine. Also, we compared the effects of combining sulfasalazine and allopurinol to each drug alone. Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) is used in this study to induce ulcerative colitis in male wistar rats as it is known to be the closest model that mimics human ulcerative colitis. Allopurinol was given prior to colitis induction by four days and febuxostat for six days before induction with DSS (5% w/v) and continue to give them concomitantly during the induction.Il-1β, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase were measured in colonic tissue. We also measured concentrations of IL-1β, Il-6 and uric acid in serum. Allopurinol dose-dependently ameliorated biochemical injuries. Febuxostat has shown better results than allopurinol and sulfasalazine, and this is the first study to demonstrate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageh Ahmed El-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina Ali Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Magdy Salah Amer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Lleal M, Sarrabayrouse G, Willamil J, Santiago A, Pozuelo M, Manichanh C. A single faecal microbiota transplantation modulates the microbiome and improves clinical manifestations in a rat model of colitis. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:630-641. [PMID: 31628021 PMCID: PMC6838378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel potential therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases, but it is poorly characterised. Methods We evaluated the performance of the mouse and rat as a pre-clinical model for human microbiota engraftment. We then characterised the effect of a single human stool transfer (HST) on a humanised model of DSS-induced colitis. Colonic and faecal microbial communities were analysed using the 16S rRNA approach and clinical manifestations were assessed in a longitudinal setting. Findings The microbial community of rats showed greater similarity to that of humans, while the microbiome of mice showed less similarity to that of humans. Moreover, rats captured more human microbial species than mice after a single HST. Using the rat model, we showed that HST compensated faecal dysbiosis by restoring alpha-diversity and by increasing the relative abundance of health-related microbial genera. To some extent, HST also modulated the microbial composition of colonic tissue. These faecal and colonic microbial communities alterations led to a relative restoration of colon length, and a significant decrease in both epithelium damage and disease severity. Remarkably, stopping inflammation by removing DSS before HST caused a faster and greater recovery of both microbiome and clinical manifestation features. Interpretation Our results indicate that the rat outperforms the mouse as a model for human microbiota engraftment and show that the efficacy of HST can be enhanced when inflammation stimulation is withdrawn. Finally, our findings support a new therapeutic strategy based on the use FMT combined with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lleal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joseane Willamil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Santiago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pozuelo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Chami B, San Gabriel PT, Kum-Jew S, Wang X, Dickerhof N, Dennis JM, Witting PK. The nitroxide 4-methoxy-tempo inhibits the pathogenesis of dextran sodium sulfate-stimulated experimental colitis. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101333. [PMID: 31593888 PMCID: PMC6812268 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterised by leukocyte recruitment to the gut mucosa. Leukocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) produces the two-electron oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), damaging tissue and playing a role in cellular recruitment, thereby exacerbating gut injury. We tested whether the MPO-inhibitor, 4-Methoxy-TEMPO (MetT), ameliorates experimental IBD. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 3% w/v dextran-sodium-sulfate (DSS) in drinking water ad libitum over 9-days with MetT (15 mg/kg; via i. p. injection) or vehicle control (10% v/v DMSO+90% v/v phosphate buffered saline) administered twice daily during DSS challenge. MetT attenuated body-weight loss (50%, p < 0.05, n = 6), improved clinical score (53%, p < 0.05, n = 6) and inhibited serum lipid peroxidation. Histopathological damage decreased markedly in MetT-treated mice, as judged by maintenance of crypt integrity, goblet cell density and decreased cellular infiltrate. Colonic Ly6C+, MPO-labelled cells and 3-chlorotyrosine (3-Cl-Tyr) decreased in MetT-treated mice, although biomarkers for nitrosative stress (3-nitro-tyrosine-tyrosine; 3-NO2-Tyr) and low-molecular weight thiol damage (assessed as glutathione sulfonamide; GSA) were unchanged. Interestingly, MetT did not significantly impact colonic IL-10 and IL-6 levels, suggesting a non-immunomodulatory pathway. Overall, MetT ameliorated the severity of experimental IBD, likely via a mechanism involving the modulation of MPO-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Chami
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Patrick T San Gabriel
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum-Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - XiaoSuo Wang
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joanne M Dennis
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Dempsey E, Abautret-Daly Á, Docherty NG, Medina C, Harkin A. Persistent central inflammation and region specific cellular activation accompany depression- and anxiety-like behaviours during the resolution phase of experimental colitis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:616-632. [PMID: 31063848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety-related psychological symptoms are increasingly recognised as important co-morbidities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis is an animal model of IBD in which afferent activation of the gut-brain axis can be assessed and explored as a source of behavioural change. Exposure of adult male Wistar rats to DSS (5%) in drinking water induced distal colitis. In parallel to local inflammatory responses in the gut wall, increased expression of IL-6 and iNOS was found in the cerebral cortex and an increase in ventricular volume. Immunoreactivity of immediate early gene FosB/ΔFosB activation was measured as an index of cellular activation and was increased in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal raphe nucleus in acutely colitic animals. Following resolution of the acute colitic response, sustained anhedonia in the saccharin preference test, immobility in the forced swim test, reduced burying behaviour in the marble burying test, and mild signs of anxiety in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box were observed. Central increases in iNOS expression persisted during the recovery phase and mapped to reactive microglia, particularly those found in the parenchyma surrounding circumventricular regions. Evidence of associated nitration was also found. Sustained increases in ventricular volume and reduced T2 magnetic resonance relaxometry time in cortical regions were observed during the recovery period. FosB/ΔFosB activation was evident in the dorsal raphe during recovery. Persistent central inflammation and cellular activation may underpin the emergence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dempsey
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Áine Abautret-Daly
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Neil G Docherty
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carlos Medina
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Malik A, Sharma D, Malireddi RKS, Guy CS, Chang TC, Olsen SR, Neale G, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD. SYK-CARD9 Signaling Axis Promotes Gut Fungi-Mediated Inflammasome Activation to Restrict Colitis and Colon Cancer. Immunity 2019; 49:515-530.e5. [PMID: 30231985 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungi represent a significant proportion of the gut microbiota. Aberrant immune responses to fungi are frequently observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and mutations in the fungal-sensing pathways are associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. Fungal recognition receptors trigger downstream signaling via the common adaptor protein CARD9 and the kinase SYK. Here we found that commensal gut fungi promoted inflammasome activation during AOM-DSS-induced colitis. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Card9 or Syk reduced inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-18 maturation and increased susceptibility to colitis and CRC. IL-18 promoted epithelial barrier restitution and interferon-γ production by intestinal CD8+ T cells. Supplementation of IL-18 or transfer of wild-type myeloid cells reduced tumor burden in AOM-DSS-treated Card9-/- and Sykfl/flLysMCre/+ mice, whereas treatment with anti-fungal agents exacerbated colitis and CRC. CARD9 deletion changes the gut microbial landscape, suggesting that SYK-CARD9 signaling maintains a microbial ecology that promotes inflammasome activation and thereby restrains colitis and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Clifford S Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott R Olsen
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and the Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Performance of behavioral assays: the Rat Grimace Scale, burrowing activity and a composite behavior score to identify visceral pain in an acute and chronic colitis model. Pain Rep 2019; 4:e718. [PMID: 31041420 PMCID: PMC6455688 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The ability of spontaneous behavioral assays to assess chronic pain is limited. In colitis, RGS identified acute and chronic pain, burrowing identified acute pain. Introduction: The Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), a facial expression scale, quantifies the affective component of pain in rats. The RGS was developed to identify acute and inflammatory pain, and applicability in acute and chronic visceral pain is unknown. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model is commonly used in rats, but pain is rarely assessed, instead, disease progression is monitored with the Disease Activity Index (DAI; assessing fecal blood, stool consistency, and weight loss). Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether the RGS and 2 additional behavioral tools (composite behavior score [CBS] and burrowing) could identify pain in an acute and chronic DSS colitis model. Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were block randomized to (1) acute colitis (4 days DSS in drinking water); (2) chronic colitis (4 days DSS, 7 days water, and 3 days DSS); or (3) control (14 days water). Disease Activity Index, RGS, CBS, and burrowing assessments were performed daily. Results: Rat Grimace Scale scores increased as DAI scores increased during both acute and chronic phases. Burrowing only decreased during the acute phase. By contrast, CBS scores did not increase significantly during either colitis phase. Conclusions: These data show that the RGS and burrowing did not decrease in a sustained manner during chronic phase visceral pain, and that variables assessed in the DAI are indicative of pain. This suggests that the RGS can be applied to a wider range of pain types and chronicity than originally suggested. These findings increase the application of the RGS as a pain scale and welfare improvement tool.
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Hu S, Cheng M, Fan R, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang T, Zhang M, Louis E, Zhong J. Beneficial effects of dual TORC1/2 inhibition on chronic experimental colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:88-100. [PMID: 30797172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM AZD8055, a new immunosuppressive reagent, a dual TORC1/2 inhibitor, had been used successfully in animal models for heart transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of AZD8055 on chronic intestinal inflammation. METHODS Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) - induced chronic colitis was used to investigate the effects of AZD8055 on the development of colitis. Colitis activity was monitored by body weight assessment, colon length, histology and cytokine profile analysis. RESULTS AZD8055 treatment significantly alleviated the severity of colitis, as assessed by colonic length and colonic damage. In addition, AZD8055 treatment decreased the colonic CD4+ T cell numbers and reduced both Th1 and Th17 cell activation and cytokine production. The percentages of Treg cells in the colon were also expanded by AZD8055 treatment. Furthermore, AZD8055 effectively inhibited mTOR downstream proteins and signal transducer and activator of transcription related proteins in CD4+ T cells of intestinal lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS These findings increased our understanding of DSS-induced colitis and shed new lights on mechanisms of digestive tract chronic inflammation. Dual TORC1/2 inhibition showed potent anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effects by targeting critical signaling pathways. The results supported the strategy of using dual mTOR inhibitor to treat inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China; Translational Gastroenterology Research Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Mengmeng Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Maochen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Edouard Louis
- Translational Gastroenterology Research Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Belgium; Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital, CHU Liege, Domaine du Sart Tilman, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China.
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Gong Y, Niu W, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Liu S, Liu X, Wang X, Xu Y. Aggravated mucosal and immune damage in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis with stress. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2341-2348. [PMID: 30783488 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of stress on the colonic mucosa and immune system and to further investigate the association between stress and development and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to induce an animal model of UC, and stress was induced by water immersion and restraint. Subsequently, the disease activity index (DAI), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgA, interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), complement component (C)3 and C4, and alterations in the colonic mucosa were observed. The DAI scores and the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α significantly increased in the experimental UC mice compared with the control mice, while the expression levels of IgA and sIgA decreased (all P<0.01). DAI and colonic mucosa damage scores increased in the stress-treated mouse models of UC compared with the untreated mouse models of UC (P<0.05). Expression levels of IgA and sIgA decreased, while IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α further increased in the stress-treated UC mice (P<0.05). The expression levels of C3 and C4 were not affected by stress or UC (P>0.05). These results indicated that UC may be associated with an immune disorder and that stress can aggravate colonic mucosa injury and alter the immune response. Furthermore, stress and immunity may serve roles in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
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Shi L, Dai Y, Jia B, Han Y, Guo Y, Xie T, Liu J, Tan X, Ding P, Li J. The inhibitory effects of Qingchang Wenzhong granule on the interactive network of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9979-9991. [PMID: 30548311 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of complex immune disease, the pathogenesis of which remains elusive. Destruction of the intestinal barrier, extreme inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might play key roles in the development of UC. In previous studies, we observed that Qingchang Wenzhong granule (QCWZG) had the exact effect on the remission of UC in the clinic; however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified. This study aimed to reveal the effects of QCWZG on the intestinal physical barrier and the interactive network of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank group, model group, high/mild/low-dose QCWZG groups, and mesalazine group. The rats in the experimental group drank 4% DSS for 7 days and 1% DSS for the subsequent 7 days. Different medications or distilled water was supplied by intragastric administration for 7 days. The levels of colitis and indices related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the QCWZG group (P < 0.05) demonstrated attenuated disease activity index, colonic mucosa disease index, histological lesions, and colonic weights; lower levels of inflammatory substances, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase; lower levels of malondialdehyde; and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The QCWZG group also demonstrated elevated expression of Bcl-2 and occluding but downregulated db expression of Bax and caspase 3 in the colon. CONCLUSION QCWZG could relieve rats with DSS-induced colitis from UC symptoms by improving the intestinal physical barrier, which resists the interactive network of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and their overactivated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Oriental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Boyi Jia
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of TCM College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Panghua Ding
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ghattamaneni NKR, Panchal SK, Brown L. An improved rat model for chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:149-155. [PMID: 30550995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important cause of chronic disability in humans. METHODS We characterized a model of chronic IBD in young male Wistar rats by administering dextran sodium sulfate (DSS: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1% in drinking water) for six weeks, with 0.5% DSS for twelve weeks, following DSS cessation or together with treatment with sulfasalazine for the last 6 weeks. We measured gastrointestinal characteristics including stool consistency, blood in stools, small intestine and colon length, intestinal transit and permeability, and gut microbiota, as well as extra-intestinal parameters including oral glucose tolerance, systolic blood pressure, fat and lean mass, and left ventricular stiffness. RESULTS At 6 weeks, 0.25-1% DSS produced gastrointestinal changes as diarrhea and blood in stools. At 12 weeks, 0.5% DSS produced chronic and sustained gastrointestinal changes, with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract and crypt distortion. Firmicutes increased and Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in DSS-treated rats. Changes were reversed by DSS cessation or sulfasalazine treatment. Gastrointestinal permeability and extra-intestinal parameters did not change, so DSS changes were limited to the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSION Chronic 0.5% DSS produces selective and reversible gastrointestinal changes, providing an improved chronic model in rats that mimics human IBD for testing new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga K R Ghattamaneni
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
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Gut-brain actions underlying comorbid anxiety and depression associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2018; 30:275-296. [PMID: 28270247 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting disorder characterised by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. There is a growing consensus that IBD is associated with anxiety- and depression-related symptoms. Psychological symptoms appear to be more prevalent during active disease states with no difference in prevalence between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Behavioural disturbances including anxiety- and depression-like symptoms have also been observed in animal models of IBD. RESULTS The likely mechanisms underlying the association are discussed with particular reference to communication between the gut and brain. The close bidirectional relationship known as the gut-brain axis includes neural, hormonal and immune communication links. Evidence is provided for a number of interacting factors including activation of the inflammatory response system in the brain, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and brain areas implicated in altered behaviours, changes in blood brain barrier integrity, and an emerging role for gut microbiota and response to probiotics in IBD.DiscussionThe impact of psychological stress in models of IBD remains somewhat conflicted, however, it is weighted in favour of stress or early stressful life events as risk factors in the development of IBD, stress-induced exacerbation of inflammation and relapse. CONCLUSION It is recommended that patients with IBD be screened for psychological disturbance and treated accordingly as intervention can improve quality of life and may reduce relapse rates.
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Effects of lactobacilli with different regulatory behaviours on tight junctions in mice with dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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47
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Lee JS, Wang RX, Alexeev EE, Lanis JM, Battista KD, Glover LE, Colgan SP. Hypoxanthine is a checkpoint stress metabolite in colonic epithelial energy modulation and barrier function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6039-6051. [PMID: 29487135 PMCID: PMC5912467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a selectively permeable barrier to protect colon tissues from luminal microbiota and antigens and to mediate nutrient, fluid, and waste flux in the intestinal tract. Dysregulation of the epithelial cell barrier coincides with profound shifts in metabolic energy, especially in the colon, which exists in an energetically depleting state of physiological hypoxia. However, studies that systematically examine energy flux and adenylate metabolism during intestinal epithelial barrier development and restoration after disruption are lacking. Here, to delineate barrier-related energy flux, we developed an HPLC-based profiling method to track changes in energy flux and adenylate metabolites during barrier development and restoration. Cultured epithelia exhibited pooling of phosphocreatine and maintained ATP during barrier development. EDTA-induced epithelial barrier disruption revealed that hypoxanthine levels correlated with barrier resistance. Further studies uncovered that hypoxanthine supplementation improves barrier function and wound healing and that hypoxanthine appears to do so by increasing intracellular ATP, which improved cytoskeletal G- to F-actin polymerization. Hypoxanthine supplementation increased the adenylate energy charge in the murine colon, indicating potential to regulate adenylate energy charge-mediated metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, experiments in a murine colitis model disclosed that hypoxanthine loss during active inflammation correlates with markers of disease severity. In summary, our results indicate that hypoxanthine modulates energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and is critical for intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Lee
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Ruth X Wang
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Erica E Alexeev
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Kayla D Battista
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Louise E Glover
- the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
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Maik-Rachline G, Zehorai E, Hanoch T, Blenis J, Seger R. The nuclear translocation of the kinases p38 and JNK promotes inflammation-induced cancer. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/525/eaao3428. [PMID: 29636389 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stimulated nuclear translocation of signaling proteins, such as MAPKs, is a necessity for the initiation and regulation of their physiological functions. Previously, we determined that nuclear translocation of the MAPKs p38 and JNK involves binding to heterodimers comprising importin 3 and either importin 7 or importin 9. Here, we identified the importin-binding region in p38 and JNK and developed a myristoylated peptide targeting this site that we called PERY. The PERY peptide specifically blocked the interaction of p38 and JNK with the importins, restricted their nuclear translocation, and inhibited phosphorylation of their nuclear (but not cytoplasmic) substrates. Through these effects, the PERY peptide reduced the proliferation of several (but not all) cancer cell lines in culture and inhibited the growth of a human breast cancer xenograft in mice. In addition, the PERY peptide substantially inhibited inflammation in mice, as manifested in models of colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer. The PERY peptide more effectively prevented colon cancer development than did a commercial p38 inhibitor. In vivo analysis further suggested that this effect was mediated by PERY peptide-induced prevention of the nuclear translocation of p38 in macrophages. Together, these results support the use of the nuclear translocation of p38 and JNK as a novel drug target to treat various cancers and inflammation-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Maik-Rachline
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elder Zehorai
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamar Hanoch
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - John Blenis
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Guo Y, Wu X, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi J, Chen X. Dihydrotanshinone I, a natural product, ameliorates DSS-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 344:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Sharma D, Malik A, Guy CS, Karki R, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD. Pyrin Inflammasome Regulates Tight Junction Integrity to Restrict Colitis and Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:948-964.e8. [PMID: 29203393 PMCID: PMC5847456 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) increase risk for colorectal cancer. Mutations in the Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV or pyrin) are associated with hereditary autoinflammatory disease and severe IBD. Expression of MEFV, a sensor protein that the initiates assembly of the inflammasome complex, is increased in colon biopsies from patients with IBD. We investigated the role of pyrin in intestinal homeostasis in mice. METHODS Mefv-/- mice and C57/BL6 mice (controls) were given azoxymethane followed by multiple rounds of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis and tumorigenesis. In some experiments, Mefv-/- mice were given injections of recombinant interleukin 18 (rIL18) or saline (control) during DSS administration. Colon tissues were collected at different time points during colitis development and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, or ELISAs (to measure cytokines). Spleen and mesenteric lymph node were collected, processed, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Colon epithelial permeability was measured in mice with colitis by gavage of fluorescent dextran and quantification of serum levels. RESULTS MEFV was expressed in colons of control mice and expression increased during chronic and acute inflammation; high levels were detected in colon tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Mefv-/- mice developed more severe colitis than control mice, with a greater extent of epithelial hyperplasia and a larger tumor burden. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL6) and chemokines were significantly higher in colons of Mefv-/- mice than control mice following colitis induction, whereas the level IL18, which depends on the inflammasome for maturation and release, was significantly lower in colons of Mefv-/- mice. Mefv-/- mice had increased epithelial permeability following administration of DSS than control mice, and loss of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-2 from intercellular junctions. STAT3 was activated (phosphorylated) in inflamed colon tissues from Mefv-/-, which also had increased expression of stem cell markers (OLFM4, BMI1, and MSI1) compared with colons from control mice. Administration of rIL18 to Mefv-/- mice reduced epithelial permeability, intestinal inflammation, the severity of colitis, and colon tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS In studies with DSS-induced colitis, we found that pyrin (MEFV) is required for inflammasome activation and IL18 maturation, which promote intestinal barrier integrity and prevent colon inflammation and tumorigenesis. Strategies to increase activity of MEFV or IL18 might be developed for the treatment of IBD and prevention of colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Clifford S Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and the Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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