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Pennisi M, Cantone M, Cappellani F, Concerto C, Ferri R, Godos J, Grosso G, Lanza G, Rodolico A, Torrisi G, Al-Qahtani WH, Fisicaro F, Bella R. Combined Effect of Red Wine and Mocha Pot Coffee in Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112498. [PMID: 38901216 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Moderate daily mocha pot coffee intake has been associated with better mood and cognition in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Similarly, moderate red wine consumption has shown protective effects on cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic relation between red wine and coffee intake on mood and cognitive status in mild VCI patients at risk for dementia. METHODS A total of 300 non-demented older patients with mild VCI were asked for coffee and red wine consumption and administered with the 17-items Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop T), as well as the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Instrumental ADL to measure their mood status, cognitive performance, and functional independence. Linear regression models were used to test the association between variables. RESULTS Moderate wine drinkers tended to show the best Stroop T score at any level of coffee consumption; conversely, heavy wine consumers performed worse at the Stroop T, especially in patients reporting high coffee intake. Moderate drinkers of both coffee and wine showed the lowest HDRS scores. Finally, a progressive increase in MMSE score was evident with increasing coffee consumption, which peaks when combined with a moderate wine consumption. CONCLUSIONS Daily mocha pot coffee and red wine intake seem to be synergistically associated with global cognition, executive functioning, and mood status in patients with mild VCI; the association was not linear, resulting in a protective direction for moderate intake and detrimental for heavy consumption. Future studies are needed to further corroborate the present findings and the potential long-term protective effects of these dietary compounds over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cantone
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappellani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy; Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrisi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesco Fisicaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Zhang X, Yuan S, Fan H, Zhang W, Zhang H. Liensinine alleviates sepsis-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111030. [PMID: 38692452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a serious public health issue that needs to be addressed globally. Severe liver injury caused by sepsis increases the risk of death in patients with sepsis. Liensinine (Lie) is one of the primary active components in Plumula nelumbinis and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Nevertheless, the effects of Lie on septic liver injury are unclear. This research investigated the protective effect of Lie (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) on liver damage via intraperitoneal administration of LPS (10 mg/kg) to C57BL/6 mice. Lie was given through intraperitoneal injection once a day for five days. Mice were treated with LPS intraperitoneally for 6 h at 1 h after Lie administration on the last day. The results suggested that Lie could decrease AST and ALT levels in serum, ameliorate histopathological changes and inhibit cell apoptosis in mice with LPS-induced septic liver injury. In addition, Lie inhibited increases in the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-6. Lie also increased the mRNA level of IL-10. Lie reduced the content of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px, CAT and SOD. Our results also showed that Lie could suppress the LPS-activated MAPK and NF-κB pathways and trigger the Nrf2 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, an Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) weakened the suppressive effect of Lie on the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Our results demonstrated that the suppressive effect of Lie on the MAPK and NF-κB pathways was partially reliant on activation of the Nrf2 pathway. In summary, these results indicate that Lie can improve inflammation and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2, which is a prospective therapeutic drug for alleviating septic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Silong Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Hoch CC, Shoykhet M, Weiser T, Griesbaum L, Petry J, Hachani K, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Wollenberg B. Isothiocyanates in medicine: A comprehensive review on phenylethyl-, allyl-, and benzyl-isothiocyanates. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107107. [PMID: 38354869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, isothiocyanates (ITCs), bioactive compounds primarily derived from Brassicaceae vegetables and herbs, have gained significant attention within the biomedical field due to their versatile biological effects. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the therapeutic potential and individual biological mechanisms of the three specific ITCs phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), as well as their collective impact within the formulation of ANGOCIN® Anti-Infekt N (Angocin). Angocin comprises horseradish root (Armoracia rusticanae radix, 80 mg) and nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba, 200 mg) and is authorized for treating inflammatory diseases affecting the respiratory and urinary tract. The antimicrobial efficacy of this substance has been confirmed both in vitro and in various clinical trials, with its primary effectiveness attributed to ITCs. PEITC, AITC, and BITC exhibit a wide array of health benefits, including potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, along with noteworthy anticancer potentials. Moreover, we highlight their ability to modulate critical biochemical pathways, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, shedding light on their involvement in cellular apoptosis and their intricate role to guide immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Shoykhet
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Griesbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Petry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Khouloud Hachani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Rajakumar T, Pugalendhi P. Allyl isothiocyanate regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis via interaction with multiple cell signaling pathways. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:211-221. [PMID: 38019291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer growth is a molecular mechanism initiated by genetic and epigenetic modifications that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence pathways. Chemoprevention is an important strategy for cancer treatment that leads to blocking, reversing, or impeding the multistep process of tumorigenesis, including the blockage of its vital morphogenetic milestones viz. normal, preneoplasia, neoplasia, and metastasis. Naturally occurring phytochemicals are becoming ever more popular compared to synthetic drugs for many reasons, including safety, bioavailability, efficacy, and easy availability. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural compound present in all plants of the Cruciferae family, such as Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, mustard, cabbage, kale, horseradish, and wasabi. In vitro and in vivo studies carried out over the decades have revealed that AITC inhibits tumorigenesis without any toxicity and undesirable side effects. The bioavailability of AITC is exceedingly high, as it was reported that nearly 90% of orally administered AITC is absorbed. AITC exhibits multiple pharmacological properties among which its anticancer activity is the most significant for cancer treatment. Its anticancer activity is exerted via selective modulation of multiple cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This review highlights the current knowledge on molecular targets that are involved in the anticancer effect of AITC associated with (i) inhibition of carcinogenic activation and induction of antioxidants, (ii) suppression of pro-inflammatory and cell proliferative signals, (iii) induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and (iv) inhibition of angiogenic and invasive signals related to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangarasu Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pachaiappan Pugalendhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
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Tian J, Zhao W, Wu Y, Shi Y, Yu J, Zhang W, Xing C, Zhuang C, Qu Z. Diallyl Disulfide Blocks Cigarette Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis via Activation of the Nrf2 Antioxidant System and Suppression of NF-κB Inflammatory Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17763-17774. [PMID: 37956253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is a potential strategy to reduce lung cancer incidence and death. Recently, we reported that garlic oil significantly inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a bioactive ingredient in garlic. Our goal was to examine the chemopreventive effectiveness and mechanism of DADS on NNK-triggered lung cancer in vivo and in vitro in the current investigation. The results indicated that DADS significantly reduced the number of lung nodules in the NNK-induced A/J mice. Consistent with the in vivo results, DADS markedly inhibited NNK-induced decrease of MRC-5 cells' viability. Mechanistically, DADS could promote Nrf2 dissociated from the Keap1-Nrf2 complex and accelerate Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which in turn upregulates its downstream target genes. Besides, DADS further inhibited the NF-κB signaling cascade, thus reducing the accumulation of inflammatory factors. Collectively, these discoveries supported the potential of DADS as a novel candidate for the chemoprevention of tobacco-carcinogen-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yanran Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ying Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
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Garg P, Awasthi S, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. The innate effects of plant secondary metabolites in preclusion of gynecologic cancers: Inflammatory response and therapeutic action. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188929. [PMID: 37286146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers can make up the bulk of cancers in both humans and animals. The stage of diagnosis and the type of tumor, its origin, and its spread are a few of the factors that influence how effectively a treatment modality works. Currently, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are the major treatment options recommended for the eradication of malignancies. The use of several anti-carcinogenic drugs increases the chance of harmful side effects, and patients might not react to the treatments as expected. The significance of the relationship between inflammation and cancer has been underscored by recent research. As a result, it has been shown that a variety of phytochemicals with beneficial bioactive effects on inflammatory pathways have the potential to act as anti-carcinogenic medications for the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The current paper reviews the significance of inflammatory pathways in gynecologic malignancies and discusses the role of plants-derived secondary metabolites that are useful in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Cayman Health, CTMH Doctors Hospital in Cayman Islands, George Town, Grand Cayman, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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7
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Piasna-Słupecka E, Leszczyńska T, Drozdowska M, Dziadek K, Domagała B, Domagała D, Koronowicz A. Young Shoots of Red Beet and the Root at Full Maturity Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086889. [PMID: 37108053 PMCID: PMC10138517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine is struggling with the problem of fully effective treatment of neoplastic diseases despite deploying innovative chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, undertaking cancer-prevention measures, such as proper eating habits, should be strongly recommended. The present research aimed to compare the effects of juice from young shoots of beetroot compared to juice from root at full maturity on human breast cancer and normal cells. The juice from young shoots, both in the native and digested form, was most often a significantly stronger inhibitor of the proliferation of both analyzed breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), compared to the native and digested juice from red beetroot. Regardless of juice type, a significantly greater reduction was most often shown in the proliferation of estrogen-dependent cells (MCF-7 line) than of estrogen-independent cells (MDA-MB-231 line). All analyzed types of beetroot juice and, in particular, the ones from young shoots and the root subjected to digestion and absorption, exerted an antiproliferative and apoptotic effect (pinpointing the internal apoptosis pathway) on the cells of both cancer lines studied. There is a need to continue the research to comprehensively investigate the factors responsible for both these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piasna-Słupecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Drozdowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Dziadek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Domagała
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Domagała
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
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Ajzashokouhi AH, Rezaee R, Omidkhoda N, Karimi G. Natural compounds regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:741-757. [PMID: 36593695 PMCID: PMC10026916 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2161959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway is crucial in regulating cardiomyocyte growth and survival. It has been shown that activation of this pathway alleviates the negative impact of ischemia-reperfusion. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) induces apoptosis through stimulation of transcription factors, and its phosphorylation has been suggested as a new therapeutic target for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). GSK3β regulatory role is mediated by the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, and its inhibition by Akt activation blocks mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and enhances myocardial survival. The present article discusses the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in cardioprotective effects of natural products against MIRI.Abbreviations: Akt: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Bad: bcl2-associated agonist of cell death; Bax: bcl2-associated x protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; CRP: C-reactive-protein; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; EGCG: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; Enos: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERK ½: extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase ½; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3; GSRd: Ginsenoside Rd; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; HR: hypoxia/reoxygenation; HSYA: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A; ICAM-1: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; IKK-b: IκB kinase; IL: interleukin; IPoC: Ischemic postconditioning; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Keap1: kelch-like ECH-associated protein- 1; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LVEDP: left ventricular end diastolic pressure; LVP: left ventricle pressure; LVSP: left ventricular systolic pressure; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDA: malondialdehyde; MIRI: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore; mtHKII: mitochondria-bound hexokinase II; Nrf-1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; NO: nitric oxide; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ coactivator‑1α; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinases; RISK: reperfusion injury salvage kinase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RSV: Resveratrol; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TFAM: transcription factor A mitochondrial; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF-B: vascular endothelial growth factor B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Wei X, Leng X, Li G, Wang R, Chi L, Sun D. Advances in research on the effectiveness and mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas for colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120672. [PMID: 36909166 PMCID: PMC9995472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can progress into colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) through the inflammation-cancer sequence. Although the mechanism of carcinogenesis in IBD has not been fully elucidated, the existing research indicates that CAC may represent a fundamentally different pathogenesis pattern of colorectal cancer. At present, there is no proven safe and effective medication to prevent IBD cancer. In recent years, Chinese medicine extracts and Chinese medicine monomers have been the subject of numerous articles about the prevention and treatment of CAC, but their clinical application is still relatively limited. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas are widely applied in clinical practice. TCM formulas have demonstrated great potential in the prevention and treatment of CAC in recent years, although there is still a lack of review. Our work aimed to summarize the effects and potential mechanisms of TCM formulas for the prevention and treatment of CAC, point out the issues and limitations of the current research, and provide recommendations for the advancement of CAC research in the future. We discovered that TCM formulas regulated many malignant biological processes, such as inflammation-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, tumor microenvironment, and intestinal microecology imbalance in CAC, through a review of the articles published in databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI. Several major signal transduction pathways, including NF-κB, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, HIF-1α, and Nrf2, were engaged. TCM formula may be a promising treatment candidate to control the colitis-cancer transformation, however further high-quality research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Wei
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Leng
- Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Gongyi Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruting Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Chi
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dajuan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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10
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Cuellar-Nuñez ML, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Lee-Martínez S, Larrauri-Rodríguez M, Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea G, Pérez-Serrano RM, Camacho-Calderón N. Isothiocyanate-Rich Extracts from Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis) and Radish ( Raphanus sativus) Inhibited Metabolic Activity and Induced ROS in Selected Human HCT116 and HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214919. [PMID: 36429638 PMCID: PMC9691161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower and radish contain isothiocyanates exhibiting chemoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. This research aimed to assess the impact of cauliflower (CIE) and radish (RIE) isothiocyanate extracts on the metabolic activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and LDH production of selected human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT116 and HT-29 for early and late colon cancer development, respectively). Non-cancerous colon cells (CCD-33Co) were used as a cytotoxicity control. The CIE samples displayed the highest allyl isothiocyanate (AITC: 12.55 µg/g) contents, whereas RIE was the most abundant in benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC: 15.35 µg/g). Both extracts effectively inhibited HCT116 and HT-29 metabolic activity, but the CIE impact was higher than that of RIE on HCT116 (IC50: 0.56 mg/mL). Assays using the half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of all treatments, including AITC and BITC, displayed increased (p < 0.05) LDH (absorbance: 0.25-0.40 nm) and ROS release (1190-1697 relative fluorescence units) in both cell lines. BITC showed the highest in silico binding affinity with all the tested colorectal cancer molecular markers (NF-kB, β-catenin, and NRF2-NFE2). The theoretical evaluation of AITC and BITC bioavailability showed high values for both compounds. The results indicate that CIE and RIE extracts display chemopreventive effects in vitro, but additional experiments are needed to validate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardey Liceth Cuellar-Nuñez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Sarah Lee-Martínez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Michelle Larrauri-Rodríguez
- Licenciatura en Medicina General, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Camacho-Calderón
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
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Glucosinolates and Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Mustard Seeds: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172290. [PMID: 36079672 PMCID: PMC9459965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seeds from mustard (genera Brassica spp. and Sinapsis spp.), are known as a rich source of glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids. These compounds are widely known for their health benefits that include reducing inflammation and lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This review presented a synthesis of published literature from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, and Web of Science regarding the different glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids isolated from mustard seeds. We presented an overview of extraction, isolation, purification, and structure elucidation of glucosinolates from the seeds of mustard plants. Moreover, we presented a compilation of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies showing the potential health benefits of glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids. Previous studies showed that glucosinolates have antimicrobial, antipain, and anticancer properties while omega-3 fatty acids are useful for their pharmacologic effects against sleep disorders, anxiety, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Further studies are needed to investigate other naturally occurring glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids, improve and standardize the extraction and isolation methods from mustard seeds, and obtain more clinical evidence on the pharmacological applications of glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids from mustard seeds.
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Zhang X, Han J, Zheng X, Yan J, Chen X, Zhou Q, Zhao X, Gu Q, Li P. Use of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 as a starter culture for nitrite degradation, foodborne pathogens inhibition and microbial community modulation in pickled mustard fermentation. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100344. [PMID: 35669456 PMCID: PMC9163696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L. plantarum ZJ316 (ZJ316) was used as a starter for pickled mustard fermentation. ZJ316 inoculation could reduce the nitrite content of pickled mustard. The pickled mustard inoculated with ZJ316 exhibited more volatile components. ZJ316 could modulate the microbial community during pickled mustard fermentation ZJ316 as a starter could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
The potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 (ZJ316) as a starter culture for quality improvement and microbial community regulation in pickled mustard fermentation was elucidated in this study. Our results show that ZJ316 can deter the occurrence of nitrite peaks and maintain the nitrite content of pickled mustard at a low level (0.34 mg/kg). The headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results indicate that ZJ316 gives a good flavor to pickled mustard. According to the 16S rDNA results, Firmicutes were the predominant microbiota after inoculation with ZJ316, and the abundances of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Proteus decreased simultaneously. In addition, antibacterial activity analysis showed that the supernatant of pickled mustard inoculated with ZJ316 had a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus D48, Escherichia coli DH5α, and Listeria monocytogenes LM1. In conclusion, L. plantarum ZJ316 has potential for use as an ideal starter in the process of vegetable fermentation.
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13
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Ashry A, Taha NM, Lebda MA, Abdo W, El-Diasty EM, Fadl SE, Morsi Elkamshishi M. Ameliorative effect of nanocurcumin and Saccharomyces cell wall alone and in combination against aflatoxicosis in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:178. [PMID: 35568841 PMCID: PMC9107200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse effect of aflatoxin in broilers is well known. However, dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cell wall and/or Nanocurcumin may decrease the negative effect of aflatoxin B1 because of the bio-adsorbing feature of the functional ingredients in Yeast Cell Wall and the detoxification effect of curcumin nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to see how Saccharomyces cell wall/Nanocurcumin alone or in combination with the aflatoxin-contaminated diet ameliorated the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler development, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, histology, immune histochemistry, liver gene expression, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers for 35 days. Moreover, the withdrawal time of aflatoxin was measured after feeding the aflatoxicated group an aflatoxin-free diet. Broiler chicks one day old were distributed into five groups according to Saccharomyces cell wall and/or nanocurcumin with aflatoxin supplementation. The G1 group was given a formulated diet without any supplements. The G2 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) in the formulated diet. The G3 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in the formulated diet. The G4 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and nanocurcumin (400 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. The G5 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in combination with nanocurcumin (200 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. Results According to the results of this study, aflatoxin supplementation had a detrimental impact on the growth performance, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers. In addition, aflatoxin supplementation led to a liver injury that was indicated by serum biochemistry and pathological lesions in the liver tissue. Moreover, the shortening of villi length in aflatoxicated birds resulted in a decrease in both the crypt depth ratio and the villi length ratio. The expression of CYP1A1 and Nrf2 genes in the liver tissue increased and decreased, respectively, in the aflatoxicated group. In addition, the aflatoxin residue was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the liver tissue of the aflatoxicated group after 2 weeks from the end of the experiment. Conclusion Saccharomyces cell wall alone or with nanocurcumin attenuated these negative effects and anomalies and improved all of the above-mentioned metrics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ashry
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Diasty
- Mycology and Mycotoxins Department, Animal Health Research Institute (ARC), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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14
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Effects of Curcuminoids on Systemic Inflammation and Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:1-9. [PMID: 34981467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and the fourth most common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively. Curcuminoids are known to exertprotective effects against several kinds of cancers. We aim to assess the effects of curcuminoids on serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with CRC (stage 3) aged ≥20 years, who had chemotherapy after the surgery and were referred to Baqiyatallah Oncology Clinic. Patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group receiving curcuminoids capsules (500 mg/day) (n = 36), or the control group taking placebo capsules (n = 36) for 8 weeks. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 12 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interferon γ (IFN-γ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The EORTC-QLQ-C30 instrument was used to assess the quality of life before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 67 subjects completed the study as three and two subjects were lost to follow-up in the curcuminoid and placebo groups, respectively. A significant change in CRP (p = 0.002) and ESR (p = 0.0001) was observed in patients supplemented with curcuminoids at the end of 8 weeks compared to placebo. Moreover, IL-1α showed a decreasing trend after curcuminoid supplementation compared to placebo (p = 0.077). A significant improvement in functional (p = 0.002) and global quality of life (p = 0.020) scales was observed in the curcuminoid group. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that curcuminoids supplementation for a period of 8 weeks (500 mg/day) can improve ESR and serum levels of CRP in stage-3 CRC subjects and improve the global quality of life and functional scales compared to placebo.
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15
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Guerrero-Alonso A, Antunez-Mojica M, Medina-Franco JL. Chemoinformatic Analysis of Isothiocyanates: Their Impact in Nature and Medicine. Mol Inform 2021; 40:e2100172. [PMID: 34363333 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have a significant impact on food and natural product chemistry. Several dietary components and food chemicals contain the isothiocyanate moiety. In addition, many ITCs interact with macromolecules of biological relevance, making these compounds relevant for potential therapeutic applications and disease prevention. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of ITCs in chemical and biological databases. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of ITCs present in public domain databases, including natural products, food chemicals, macromolecular targets of drugs, and the Protein Data Bank. A total of 154 ITCs were found, which can be classified into seven categories: acyclic, cyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, polyaromatic, indolic, and glycosylated. 24 ITCs were reported in 18 vegetable sources, mainly in cruciferous vegetables (Brassica oleracea L.). Calculated properties of pharmaceutical relevance indicated that 11 % of the 154 ITCs would be suitable to be orally absorbed and 48 % permeate the blood-brain-barrier. It was also found that seven molecular targets have been co-crystallized with ITCs and the most frequent is the macrophage migration inhibitory factor. It is expected that this work will contribute to the sub-disciplines of natural products and food informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Guerrero-Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, MOR, 62209, México
| | - Mayra Antunez-Mojica
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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16
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Role of Nrf2 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081884. [PMID: 34440653 PMCID: PMC8391447 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that reduces oxidative stress. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are detected, Nrf2 translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which regulates the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Nrf2 impairments are observed in the majority of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The classic hallmarks of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Oxidative stress is observed early in AD and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 is impaired in AD compared to controls. Increased oxidative stress is associated with impaired memory and synaptic plasticity. The administration of Nrf2 activators reverses memory and synaptic plasticity impairments in rodent models of AD. Therefore, Nrf2 activators are a potential novel therapeutic for neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
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17
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Ooi BK, Phang SW, Yong PVC, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Khaw KY, Goh BH, Pusparajah P, Yap WH. In vitro evaluation of the involvement of Nrf2 in maslinic acid-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in atheroma pathogenesis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119658. [PMID: 34048809 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maslinic acid (MA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene known to exert cardioprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) for MA-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in atheroma pathogenesis in vitro, including evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced monocyte recruitment, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced scavenger receptors expression, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro monocyte recruitment model utilizing THP-1 and HUVECs was developed to evaluate TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion and trans-endothelial migration. To study the role of Nrf2 for MA-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was used as the pharmacological inhibitor. The expression of Nrf2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and scavenger receptor type A (SR-A) in HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages were investigated using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The NF-κB activity was determined using NF-κB (p65) Transcription Factor Assay Kit. KEY FINDINGS The results showed opposing effects of MA on Nrf2 expression in HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages. MA suppressed TNF-α-induced Nrf2 expression in HUVECs, but enhanced its expression in THP-1 macrophages. Combined effects of MA and ML385 suppressed MCP-1, VCAM-1, and SR-A expressions. Intriguingly, at the protein level, ML385 selectively inhibited SR-A but enhanced CD36 expression. Meanwhile, ML385 further enhanced MA-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activity in HUVECs. This effect, however, was not observed in THP-1 macrophages. SIGNIFICANCE MA attenuated foam cell formation by suppressing VCAM-1, MCP-1, and SR-A expression, as well as NF-κB activity, possibly through Nrf2 inhibition. The involvement of Nrf2 for MA-mediated anti-inflammatory effects however differs between HUVECs and macrophages. Future investigations are warranted for a detailed evaluation of the contributing roles of Nrf2 in foam cells formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Su Wen Phang
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Phelim Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (FHMS), Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
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18
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Yan H, Ge J, Gao H, Pan Y, Hao Y, Li J. Melatonin attenuates AFB1-induced cardiotoxicity via the NLRP3 signalling pathway. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520952656. [PMID: 33081548 PMCID: PMC7588772 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520952656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of melatonin against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) cardiotoxicity by evaluating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) signalling. Methods Four groups of five rats each were assessed: control group (vehicle only), two AFB1 (0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg)-treated groups, and a combined AFB1 (0.3 mg/kg) plus melatonin (5 mg/kg)-treated group. After 6 weeks of once-daily intragastric treatment, cardiac pathologic changes were observed under optical microscopy, and oxidative/antioxidative parameters were measured in myocardial homogenate. Cardiac tissue expression of NLRP3 and other important inflammasome components was also analysed. Results Compared with controls, increasing concentrations of AFB1 were associated with increased oxidative stress and caused myocardial structure damage. In addition, AFB1 dose-dependently activated the NLRP3 signalling pathway. All these indices were significantly ameliorated by combined AFB1 plus melatonin treatment versus high-dose AFB1 alone. Conclusion Melatonin may reduce NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting oxidative stress and thus protect against injury from AFB1-induced myocardial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Junhua Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Hongrui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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Elkashty OA, Tran SD. Sulforaphane as a Promising Natural Molecule for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:250-269. [PMID: 33877541 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenicity-inhibiting compounds have been identified in our daily diet. For example, isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables were reported to have potent cancer-prevention activities. The best characterized ITC is sulforaphane (SF). SF can simultaneously modulate multiple cellular targets involved in carcinogenesis, including (1) modulating carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and blocking the action of mutagens; (2) inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis; and (3) inhibition of neo-angiogenesis and metastasis. SF targets cancer stem cells through modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Conventional chemotherapy/SF combination was tested in several studies and resulted in favorable outcomes. With its favorable toxicological profile, SF is a promising agent in cancer prevention and/or therapy. In this article, we discuss the human metabolism of SF and its effects on cancer prevention, treatment, and targeting cancer stem cells, as well as providing a brief review of recent human clinical trials on SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.
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20
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Antineuroinflammatory therapy: potential treatment for autism spectrum disorder by inhibiting glial activation and restoring synaptic function. CNS Spectr 2020; 25:493-501. [PMID: 31659946 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852919001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and perseverative and stereotypical behavior. Growing evidence points toward a critical role for synaptic dysfunction in the onset of ASD, and synaptic function is influenced by glial cells. Considering the evidence that neuroinflammation in ASD is mediated by glial cells, one hypothesis is that reactive glial cells, under inflammatory conditions, contribute to the loss of synaptic functions and trigger ASD. Ongoing pharmacological treatments for ASD, including oxytocin, vitamin D, sulforaphane, and resveratrol, are promising and are shown to lead to improvements in behavioral performance in ASD. More importantly, their pharmacological mechanisms are closely related to anti-inflammation and synaptic protection. We focus this review on the hypothesis that synaptic dysfunction caused by reactive glial cells would lead to ASD, and discuss the potentials of antineuroinflammatory therapy for ASD.
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Sertedaki E, Veroutis D, Zagouri F, Galyfos G, Filis K, Papalambros A, Aggeli K, Tsioli P, Charalambous G, Zografos G, Sigala F. Carotid Disease and Ageing: A Literature Review on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Senescence in Older Subjects. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2020; 2020:8601762. [PMID: 32582337 PMCID: PMC7306882 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8601762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease. The evolvement of biomedical sciences has allowed the elucidation of many aspects of this condition. Symptomatic carotid disease (CD) derives from critical luminar stenosis or eruption of an atheromatous plaque due to structural modifications of the vessels, such as carotid intima-media thickening. At a histologic level, the aforementioned changes are mediated by elastin fragmentation, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and accumulation of cytokines and vasoconstrictors. Underlying mechanisms include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular homeostatic systems, and senescence. Thus, there is an imbalance in components of the vessel wall, which fails to counteract exterior stress stimuli. Consequently, arterial relaxation is impaired and atherosclerotic lesions progress. This is a review of current evidence regarding the relationship of aging with vascular senescence and CD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the production of efficient prevention methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Sertedaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Clinical Therapeutics Department, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Galyfos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstadinos Filis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papalambros
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsioli
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Charalambous
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Qiu Y, Jiang X, Liu D, Deng Z, Hu W, Li Z, Li Y. The Hypoglycemic and Renal Protection Properties of Crocin via Oxidative Stress-Regulated NF-κB Signaling in db/db Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32425787 PMCID: PMC7212392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the main ingredient of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) extract, crocin- I (CR) has been reported to show various pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and renal protection properties of CR in db/db mice. Methods Eight-week-old db/db mice were treated with metformin (Met) (100 mg/kg) and CR (50 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Results CR treatment showed hypoglycemic functions indicated by reduced bodyweight, food and water intake, plasma glucose, and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c. Additionally, the CR group showed increased serum levels of insulin and pyruvate kinase, hypolipidemic functions indicated by the suppressed levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and enhanced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which are also indicators of hypoglycemic functions. The renal protection function of CR was demonstrated by its protection of renal structures and its regulation of potential indicators of nephropathy. The anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects of CR were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the kidneys of db/db mice, CR decreased the expression of phospho-IκBα and phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), whereas it enhanced the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2, manganese superoxide dismutase 1, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase. Conclusions The anti-diabetic and anti-diabetic nephritic effects of CR were related to its modulation of oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zichun Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Ma Z, Lu Y, Yang F, Li S, He X, Gao Y, Zhang G, Ren E, Wang Y, Kang X. Rosmarinic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115014. [PMID: 32320792 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury for which few efficacious drugs are available. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic phytochemical, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effect of RA on SCI is unclear. We investigated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of RA on SCI. Using a rat model of SCI, we showed that RA improved locomotor recovery after SCI and significantly mitigated neurological deficit, increased neuronal preservation, and reduced apoptosis. Also, RA inhibited activation of microglia and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and MDA. Moreover, proteomics analyses identified the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways as targets of RA. Pretreatment with RA increased levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and reduced those of TLR4 and MyD88 as well as phosphorylation of IκB and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65. Using H2O2- and LPS-induced PC12 cells, we found that RA ameliorated the H2O2-induced decrease in viability and increase in apoptosis and oxidative injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Also, LPS-induced cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis and inflammatory injury in PC-12 cells were mitigated by RA by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 weakened the effect of RA on oxidant stress, inflammation and apoptosis in SCI rats, and significantly increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect on SCI of RA may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Moreover, RA activated Nrf2/HO-1, which amplified its inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Fengguang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Enhui Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, China.
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Boldry EJ, Yuan JM, Carmella SG, Wang R, Tessier K, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Tretyakova NY. Effects of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on Metabolism of 1,3-Butadiene in Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 13:91-100. [PMID: 31771940 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product found as a conjugate in cruciferous vegetables. It has been reported to have preventative properties against lung cancer and to inhibit metabolic activation of tobacco carcinogens. In this study, we evaluated the ability of PEITC to influence the metabolism of the human carcinogen 1,3-butadiene in current smokers in a phase II clinical trial with a crossover design. Urinary mercapturic acids of 1,3-butadiene were quantified at baseline and during PEITC treatment. Seventy-nine smokers were randomly assigned to one of two arms: PEITC followed by placebo or placebo followed by PEITC. During the 1-week treatment period, each subject took PEITC (10 mg in 1 mL of olive oil, 4 times per day). There was a 1-week washout period between the PEITC and placebo periods. Oral ingestion of PEITC increased urinary levels of BD-mercapturic acids (MHBMA and DHBMA) by 11.1% and 3.7%, respectively, but these increases were not statistically significant (P = 0.17 and 0.64, respectively). A much stronger effect was observed among subjects with the null genotype of both GSTM1 and GSTT1: in these individuals, PEITC increased urinary levels of MHBMA by 58.7% (P = 0.004) and 90.0% (P = 0.001), respectively, but did not have a significant effect on urinary DHBMA. These results reveal a potentially protective effect of PEITC treatment with respect to the detoxification of 1,3-butadiene in cigarette smokers, specifically in those null for GSTT1, and provide further evidence in support of stronger chemopreventive effects from consumption of dietary isothiocyanates in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Boldry
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven G Carmella
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renwei Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn Tessier
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Stephen S Hecht
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Safari F, Rabieepor M, Jamalomidi F, Baghaeifar Z, Khodaei L. Evaluation of Anti-cancer and Pro-apoptotic Activities of Iranian Green Tea Extract Against A549,PC3, and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Green tea contains active polyphenols including catechins. The goal of the current study was to evaluate anti-cancer effects of Iranian green tea extract (IGTE) on 3 human cancer cell lines including A549, PC3, and MCF-7. Methods: First, Camellia sinensis was obtained from Lahijan, a city in the north of Iran and then IGTE was prepared. Next, catechins of IGTE were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, the cell viability of different cancer cells was evaluated by treatment with IGTE at concentration between 100 and 1000 µg/mL for 72 hours using MTT assay. Cell death of treated cancer cells was assessed by DAPI staining and RT-PCR method. Results: Our results demonstrated the potential anti-tumor activity of IGTE on MCF-7 cells (IC50= 400 µM), A549 cells (IC50= 500 µM), and PC3 cells (IC50= 600 µM), respectively. Chromatin damages within the nucleus of the treated cancer cells were shown. In addition, we found that IGTE induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) and down-regulation of Bcl2 (an anti-apoptotic protein). Conclusion: Herein, we showed that IGTE is a potent natural product with anti-tumor activity on breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells. The efficacy of current therapies against cancer is limited by a range of adverse effects, toxicity, and drug resistance; therefore, new therapeutic strategies and more effective agents, particularly with natural origin, are desired and green tea may be a potent candidate in the field of cancer therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Jamalomidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Baghaeifar
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khodaei
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
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Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:724-741. [PMID: 31521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of the dietary components of the Mediterranean diet are reviewed in prevention of cardiovascular disease, stroke, age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. A companion article provides a comprehensive review of extra-virgin olive oil. The benefits of consumption of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids are described. Fresh fish provides eicosapentaenoic acid while α-linolenic acid is found in canola and soybean oils, purslane and nuts. These ω-3 fatty acids interact metabolically with ω-6 fatty acids mainly linoleic acid from corn oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil. Diets rich in ω-6 fatty acids inhibit the formation of healthier ω-3 fatty acids. The deleterious effects on lipid metabolism of excessive intake of carbohydrates, in particular high-fructose corn syrup and artificial sweeteners, are explained. The critical role of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the developing and aging brain and in Alzheimer disease is addressed. Nutritional epidemiology studies, prospective population-based surveys, and clinical trials confirm the salutary effects of fish consumption on prevention of coronary artery disease, stroke and dementia. Recent recommendations on fish consumption by pregnant women and potential mercury toxicity are reviewed. The polyphenols and flavonoids of plant origin play a critical role in the Mediterranean diet, because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of benefit in type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer prevention. Polyphenols from fruits and vegetables modulate tau hyperphosphorylation and beta amyloid aggregation in animal models of Alzheimer disease. From the public health viewpoint worldwide the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables has become the main tool for prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. We review the important dietary role of cereal grains in prevention of coronary disease and stroke. Polyphenols from grapes, wine and alcoholic beverages are discussed, in particular their effects on coagulation. The mechanisms of action of probiotics and vitamins are also included.
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27
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Ismail NI, Othman I, Abas F, H Lajis N, Naidu R. Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Curcumin in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2454. [PMID: 31108984 PMCID: PMC6566943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancer with higher incident and mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that about over than 1.1 million of death and 2.2 million new cases by the year 2030. The current treatment modalities with the usage of chemo drugs such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, surgery and radiotherapy, which are usually accompanied with major side effects, are rarely cured along with poor survival rate and at higher recurrence outcome. This trigger the needs of exploring new natural compounds with anti-cancer properties which possess fewer side effects. Curcumin, a common spice used in ancient medicine was found to induce apoptosis by targeting various molecules and signaling pathways involved in CRC. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be one of the promoting factors in colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of apoptosis regulation by curcumin in CRC with regard to molecular targets and associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Isnida Ismail
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- UniKL MESTECH, A1-1 Jalan TKS1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 434000 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Liang Y, Ip MSM, Mak JCW. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in human cardiomyocytes via ROS-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152768. [PMID: 31005721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the leading cause for the initiation and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play important roles in the pathophysiological processes of smoking-induced cardiac injury. (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, which is made from Camellia sinensis leaves, has been reported to possess potent anti-oxidant property. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate whether the antioxidant EGCG could alleviate cigarette smoke medium (CSM)-induced inflammation in human AC16 cardiomyocytes in vitro. METHODS Human AC16 cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with EGCG, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or specific inhibitors for 30 min before 4% CSM was added. Supernatant was collected for determination of interleukin (IL)-8 by ELISA and cells were collected for flow cytometry, biochemical assays and Western blot analysis. RESULTS EGCG treatment significantly attenuated CSM-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by reducing intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations and preventing antioxidant depletion. EGCG treatment reduced CSM-induced inflammatory chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 productions in the supernatant via the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. EGCG treatment further inhibited CSM-induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, EGCG protected against CSM-induced inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress via inhibiting ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB activation in AC16 cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that EGCG with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties may act as a promising cardioprotective agent against ROS-mediated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mary Sau Man Ip
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Judith Choi Wo Mak
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Salvianolic Acid A Protects the Kidney against Oxidative Stress by Activating the Akt/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the NF- κB Signaling Pathway in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2853534. [PMID: 31011401 PMCID: PMC6442489 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2853534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a bioactive polyphenol extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae Bunge, which possesses a variety of pharmacological activities. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that SAA effectively attenuates kidney injury and inflammation in an established animal model of 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rats. However, there has been limited research regarding the antioxidative effects of SAA on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we examined the antioxidative effects and underlying mechanisms of SAA in 5/6Nx rats. The rats were injected with SAA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip) for 28 days. Biochemical, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses showed that SAA significantly increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) in a dose-dependent manner in 5/6Nx rats and in H2O2-induced HK-2 cells in vitro. Moreover, SAA enhanced the activation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2) signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner and subsequently increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the kidney of 5/6Nx rats, which were consistent with those obtained in H2O2-induced HK-2 cells in vitro shown by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, SAA significantly increased the expression of intranuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins compared to HK-2 cells stimulated by LPS on the one hand, which can be enhanced by QNZ to some extent; on the other hand, SAA significantly lowered the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 proteins compared to HK-2 cells stimulated by H2O2, which can be abrogated by ML385 to some extent. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SAA effectively protects the kidney against oxidative stress in 5/6Nx rats. One of the pivotal mechanisms for the protective effects of SAA on kidney injury was mainly related with its antioxidative roles by activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on aging-mediated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. The Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 18). Group I: young (3 months), group II: aged (24-26 months), group III: aged + EGCG (200 mg/kg for 30 days), and group IV: young + EGCG. At the end of 30 days, EGCG administration to the aged animals showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction of low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol with concomitant increase of high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001) when compared with aged rats. Increased (P < 0.001) heart volume, weight with concomitant increase of left ventricular wall thickness, and reduced ventricular cavity were observed in aged rats supplemented with EGCG compared with aged animals. Histology and histomorphometry study of aged animals treated with EGCG showed marked increases in the diameter and volume of cardiomyocytes with concomitant reduction of numerical density when compared with aged animals. Reduced reactive oxygen species (P < 0.001) production with association of increased antioxidant defense system (P < 0.001) in aged hearts supplemented with EGCG when compared with aged animals. TUNEL staining and fibrosis showed a marked increase in apoptotic cell death (P < 0.001) and collagen deposition (P < 0.001) in aged animals treated with EGCG when compared with aged animals. Aged animals treated with EGCG showed a marked increase in protein expression of TGFβ, TNFα, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and significant (P < 0.001) alteration in the gene expression of TGFβ, TNFα, NF-κB, α-SMA, and Nrf2 when compared with aged animals. Taken together, it is evident that EGCG may potentially inhibit aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis, thereby preserving cardiac function. The proposed mechanism would be inhibition of reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of TGFβ1, TNFα, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Hence, the present study suggests that EGCG can be useful to fight against aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis.
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31
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Fouani L, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Targeting Oncogenic Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling with Redox-Active Agents for Cancer Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1096-1123. [PMID: 29161883 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is essential under physiologically relevant conditions. However, aberrant activation of this pathway plays a pertinent role in tumorigenesis and contributes to resistance. Recent Advances: The importance of the NF-κB pathway means that its targeting must be specific to avoid side effects. For many currently used therapeutics and those under development, the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a promising strategy. CRITICAL ISSUES As cancer cells exhibit greater ROS levels than their normal counterparts, they are more sensitive to additional ROS, which may be a potential therapeutic niche. It is known that ROS are involved in (i) the activation of NF-κB signaling, when in sublethal amounts; and (ii) high levels induce cytotoxicity resulting in apoptosis. Indeed, ROS-induced cytotoxicity is valuable for its capabilities in killing cancer cells, but establishing the potency of ROS for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling is necessary. Indeed, some cancer treatments, currently used, activate NF-κB and may stimulate oncogenesis and confer resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Thus, combinatorial approaches using ROS-generating agents alongside conventional therapeutics may prove an effective tactic to reduce NF-κB activity to kill cancer cells. One strategy is the use of thiosemicarbazones, which form redox-active metal complexes that generate high ROS levels to deliver potent antitumor activity. These agents also upregulate the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), which functions as an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. It is proposed that targeting NF-κB signaling may proffer a new therapeutic niche to improve the efficacy of anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Fouani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Elkhoely A. Diallyl sulfide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via suppressing stress-activated MAPK signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22307. [PMID: 30811752 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The underlined effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against CCL4 -induced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic acute hepatic damage were assessed. Administration of DAS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) along with CCL 4 effectively mitigated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 levels, as well as significantly restored HO-1, GSH levels and SOD activity in liver tissues compared with those in rats treated with CCL 4 . Moreover, DAS inhibited CCL 4 -induced increase of liver NF-κB (p65), Bax, p38 MAPK, and JNK protein expression. In addition, DAS accelerated protein expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2. The hepatoprotective properties of DAS were further confirmed by the reduced severity of hepatic damage as demonstrated by histopathological findings. In conclusion, DAS achieved its protective potential against CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity through antiapoptotic activity, as well as the synchronized modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 for the favor of antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the upstream stress-activated MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Elkhoely
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
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33
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Wu X, Deng M, Li Z, Xu Z. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Inhibited the Alv-J-Induced Apoptosis in Df-1 Cells by Inactivation of Nuclear Factor κb Pathway. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, China
| | - H Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, China
| | - X Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, China
| | - M Deng
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, China
| | - Z Li
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, China
| | - Z Xu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, China
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Prieto MA, López CJ, Simal-Gandara J. Glucosinolates: Molecular structure, breakdown, genetic, bioavailability, properties and healthy and adverse effects. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:305-350. [PMID: 31445598 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a large group of plant secondary metabolites with nutritional effects and biologically active compounds. Glucosinolates are mainly found in cruciferous plants such as Brassicaceae family, including common edible plants such as broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata f. alba), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), rapeseed (Brassica napus), mustard (Brassica nigra), and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). If cruciferous plants are consumed without processing, myrosinase enzyme will hydrolyze the glucosinolates to various metabolites, such as isothiocyanates, nitriles, oxazolidine-2-thiones, and indole-3-carbinols. On the other hand, when cruciferous are cooked before consumption, myrosinase is inactivated and glucosinolates could be partially absorbed in their intact form through the gastrointestinal mucosa. This review paper summarizes the glucosinolate molecular breakdown, their genetic aspects from biosynthesis to precursors, their bioavailability (assimilation, absorption, and elimination of these molecules), their sensory properties, identified healthy and adverse effects, as well as the impact of processing on their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo-Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jiménez López
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo-Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.
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Pramanik KC, Makena MR, Bhowmick K, Pandey MK. Advancement of NF-κB Signaling Pathway: A Novel Target in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123890. [PMID: 30563089 PMCID: PMC6320793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers and is the third highest among cancer related deaths. Despite modest success with therapy such as gemcitabine, pancreatic cancer incidence remains virtually unchanged in the past 25 years. Among the several driver mutations for PDAC, Kras mutation contributes a central role for its development, progression and therapeutic resistance. In addition, inflammation is implicated in the development of most human cancer, including pancreatic cancer. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is recognized as a key mediator of inflammation and has been frequently observed to be upregulated in PDAC. Several lines of evidence suggest that NF-κB pathways play a crucial role in PDAC development, progression and resistance. In this review, we focused on emphasizing the recent advancements in the involvement of NF-κB in PADC’s progression and resistance. We also highlighted the interaction of NF-κB with other signaling pathways. Lastly, we also aim to discuss how NF-κB could be an excellent target for PDAC prevention or therapy. This review could provide insight into the development of novel therapeutic strategies by considering NF-κB as a target to prevent or treat PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartick C Pramanik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA.
| | - Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Kuntal Bhowmick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
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36
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Khurana N, Sikka SC. Targeting Crosstalk between Nrf-2, NF-κB and Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100352. [PMID: 30257470 PMCID: PMC6210752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Numerous papers in the literature have documented the interconnection between oxidative stress and inflammation; and how antioxidants can combat the inflammation. It has been shown in the literature that both oxidative stress and inflammation regulate AR, the key receptor involved in the transition of PCa to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this review, we discuss about the importance of targeting Nrf-2-antioxidant signaling, NF-κB inflammatory response and AR signaling in PCa. Finally, we discuss about the crosstalk between these three critical pathways as well as how the anti-inflammatory antioxidant phytochemicals like sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR), which can also target AR, can be ideal candidates in the chemoprevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis Medical Campus, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA.
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Yu WB, Cao L, Zhao YY, Xiao W, Xiao BG. Comparing the role of Ginkgolide B and Ginkgolide K on cultured astrocytes exposed to oxygen‑glucose deprivation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4417-4427. [PMID: 30221704 PMCID: PMC6172388 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide K (GK) are two main active monomers of ginkgolides that present a unique group of diterpenes found naturally in the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and serve essential roles in maintaining healthy brain function. The present study compared the biological effects of GB and GK on astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The results demonstrated that GB and GK exhibit many different actions. The level of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) was elevated on astrocytes exposed to OGD, and inhibited by GB and GK treatment. Although GB and GK inhibited the expression of p-NF-κB/p65, GK exerted stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on astrocytes exposed to OGD than GB by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducing IL-10 and the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/HO-1 signaling pathway. When compared with GB treatment, GK treatment maintained high levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated-protein kinase B expression, and induced a marked upregulation of Wnt family member 1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor, indicating that GK, as a natural plant compound, may have more attractive prospects for clinical application in the treatment of neurological disorders than GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New‑Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New‑Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Bu T, Wang C, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun H, Sun P, Zheng S, Ma X, Liu Z, Liu K. Hepatoprotective effect of rhein against methotrexate-induced liver toxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:266-273. [PMID: 30031796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of rhein, a major metabolite of diacerein, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity and clarify the pharmacological mechanism. Rhein significantly reduced the elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) caused by MTX in rat serum and improved liver morphological damage induced by MTX. Moreover, rhein increased the cell survival rate and reduced the number of apoptosis cells in MTX-treated normal human hepatocyte (L02 cells). Rhein treatment in rats up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and down-regulated Bcl-2 associated x (Bax) in mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, rhein treatment further decreased protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 3 (Caspase-3), increased protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), and reduced mRNA expression of Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) in MTX-treated rat liver in vivo. However, the protein expression changes of Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Bax could be abrogated by Nrf2 antagonist brusatol. In addition, protective effect of rhein against MTX-mediated liver damage could also be suppressed by Nrf2 siRNA in L02 cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that rhein ameliorated liver damage mediated by MTX through acting on Nrf2-HO-1 pathway. NF-κB, TNF-α, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family were also participated in the protection. As effectively hepatoprotective ability of rhein, it would raise an important issue for patients orally receiving MTX treatment together with diacerein/rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Bu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Siqi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Kabil N, Bayraktar R, Kahraman N, Mokhlis HA, Calin GA, Lopez-Berestein G, Ozpolat B. Thymoquinone inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) signaling axis in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:593-605. [PMID: 29971628 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and chemoresistant subtype of breast cancer. Therefore, new molecular targets and treatments need to be developed to improve poor patient prognosis and survival. We have previously shown that eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) is highly expressed in TNBC cells, is associated with poor patient survival and prognosis, and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo targeting of eEF-2K significantly reduces the tumor growth of orthotopic TNBC xenograft mouse models, suggesting that eEF-2K may serve as a potential novel therapeutic target. METHODS/RESULTS In the current study, we identified thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa, as a potential safe and effective eEF-2K inhibitor in TNBC. We demonstrated for the first time that TQ inhibits the protein and mRNA expression of eEF-2K, as well as the clinically relevant downstream targets, including Src/FAK and Akt, and induces the tumor suppressor miR-603, in response to NF-kB inhibition. This effect was associated with a significant decrease in the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Furthermore, systemic in vivo injection of TQ (20 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors and inhibited the eEF-2K expression in an orthotopic tumor model in mice. CONCLUSION Our study provides first evidence that TQ treatment inhibits cell proliferation, migration/invasion, and tumor growth, in part through the inhibition of eEF-2K signaling in TNBC. Thus, our findings suggest that systemic TQ treatment may be used as a targeted therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of eEF-2K in TNBC tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Kabil
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hamada A Mokhlis
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Patel B, Mann GE, Chapple SJ. Concerted redox modulation by sulforaphane alleviates diabetes and cardiometabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:150-160. [PMID: 29427794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders such as hypertension and obesity are major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease, with a wealth of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is linked to the initiation and pathogenesis of these disease processes. With yearly increases in the global incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes, numerous studies have focused on characterizing whether upregulating antioxidant defenses through exogenous antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E, vitamin C) or activation of endogenous defenses (e.g. the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant defense pathway) may be of benefit. The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) is currently the subject of several clinical trials for a variety of disease states, including the evaluation of its therapeutic potential to ameliorate diabetic and cardiometabolic complications. SFN is a well characterized and potent Nrf2 inducer, however recent studies suggest its protective actions may be in part mediated by its modulation of various pro-inflammatory (e.g. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB)) and metabolic (e.g. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor Gamma (PPARγ)) signaling pathways. The focus of this review is to provide a detailed analysis of the known mechanisms by which SFN modulates Nrf2, NFκB and PPARγ signaling and crosstalk and to provide a critical evaluation of the evidence linking these transcriptional pathways with diabetic and cardiometabolic complications and SFN mediated cytoprotection. To allow comparison between rodent and human studies, we discuss the published bioavailability of SFN metabolites achieved in rodents and man in the context of Nrf2, NFκB and PPARγ signaling. Furthermore, we provide an update on the functional outcomes and implicated signaling pathways reported in recent clinical trials with SFN in Type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Patel
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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41
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Kim AY, Shim HJ, Shin HM, Lee YJ, Nam H, Kim SY, Youn HS. Andrographolide suppresses TRIF-dependent signaling of toll-like receptors by targeting TBK1. Int Immunopharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Ramirez CN, Li W, Zhang C, Wu R, Su S, Wang C, Gao L, Yin R, Kong ANT. Correction to: In Vitro-In Vivo Dose Response of Ursolic Acid, Sulforaphane, PEITC, and Curcumin in Cancer Prevention. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:27. [PMID: 29411155 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The citation of the author name "Ah-Ng Tony Kong" in PubMed is not the author's preference. Instead of "Kong AT", the author prefers "Kong AN".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Ramirez
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Shan Su
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Linbo Gao
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA. .,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA. .,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Room 228, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
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Ramirez CN, Li W, Zhang C, Wu R, Su S, Wang C, Gao L, Yin R, Kong AN. In Vitro-In Vivo Dose Response of Ursolic Acid, Sulforaphane, PEITC, and Curcumin in Cancer Prevention. AAPS J 2017; 20:19. [PMID: 29264822 PMCID: PMC6021020 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the National Center of Health Statistics, cancer was the culprit of nearly 600,000 deaths in 2016 in the USA. It is by far one of the most heterogeneous diseases to treat. Treatment for metastasized cancers remains a challenge despite modern diagnostics and treatment regimens. For this reason, alternative approaches are needed. Chemoprevention using dietary phytochemicals such as triterpenoids, isothiocyanates, and curcumin in the prevention of initiation and/or progression of cancer poses a promising alternative strategy. However, significant challenges exist in the extrapolation of in vitro cell culture data to in vivo efficacy in animal models and to humans. In this review, the dose at which these phytochemicals elicit a response in vitro and in vivo of a multitude of cellular signaling pathways will be reviewed highlighting Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, epigenetics, cytoprotection, differentiation, and growth inhibition. The in vitro-in vivo dose response of phytochemicals can vary due, in part, to the cell line/animal model used, the assay system of the biomarker used for the readout, chemical structure of the functional analog of the phytochemical, and the source of compounds used for the treatment study. While the dose response varies across different experimental designs, the chemopreventive efficacy appears to remain and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids, isothiocyanates, and curcumin in cancer prevention and in health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Ramirez
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Shan Su
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Linbo Gao
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Room 228, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
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Hexahydrocurcumin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, attenuates inflammation, and improves antioxidant defenses in a rat stroke model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189211. [PMID: 29220411 PMCID: PMC5722321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) attenuates brain damage and improves functional outcome via the activation of antioxidative activities, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, rats with cerebral I/R injury were induced by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including the sham-operated, vehicle-treated, 10 mg/kg HHC-treated, 20 mg/kg HHC-treated, and 40 mg/kg HHC-treated I/R groups. The animals were immediately injected with HHC by an intraperitoneal administration at the onset of cerebral reperfusion. After 24 h of reperfusion, the rats were tested for neurological deficits, and the pathology of the brain was studied by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, the brain tissues were prepared for protein extraction for Western blot analysis, a malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, a glutathione (GSH) assay, and a glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) assay. The data revealed that the neurological deficit scores and the infarct volume were significantly reduced in the HHC-treated rats at all doses compared to the vehicle group. Treatment with HHC significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, with a decreased level of MDA and NO and a decreased expression of NF-κB (p65) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the I/R rats. HHC also evidently increased Nrf2 (nucleus) protein expression, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression, the antioxidative enzymes, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, the HHC treatment also significantly decreased apoptosis, with a decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and an increase in Bcl-XL, which was in accordance with a decrease in the apoptotic neuronal cells. Therefore, the HHC treatment protects the brain from cerebral I/R injury by diminishing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The antioxidant properties of HHC may play an important role in improving functional outcomes and may offer significant neuroprotection against I/R damage.
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Demirel MA, Süntar İ. The Role of Secondary Metabolites on Gynecologic Cancer Therapy: Some Pathways and Mechanisms. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:324-334. [PMID: 32454632 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.49368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are among the most common cancers in humans and animals. Treatment success depends on several factors including stage at diagnosis, tumor type, origin and metastasis. Currently, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are preferred in the treatment of these cancers. However, many anticarcinogenic drugs can cause severe adverse effects and also the expected response to treatment may not be obtained. In recent studies, the importance of the relationship between cancer and inflammation has been emphasized. Therefore, several phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial bioactive effects towards inflammatory pathways were proven to have anticarcinogenic potential for gynecologic cancer therapy. This review summarizes the role of inflammatory pathways in gynecologic cancers and effective secondary metabolites for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürşide Ayşe Demirel
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory Animals Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Süntar
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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46
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Gründemann C, Huber R. Chemoprevention with isothiocyanates - From bench to bedside. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:26-33. [PMID: 29111351 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are naturally occurring hydrolization products from glucosinolates (GLSs) in brassicaceae and in epidemiological studies their intake has been weakly to moderately inversely correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Numerous preclinical studies demonstrate chemopreventive mode of actions of ITCs, mainly related to a.) detoxification (induction of phase II enzymes), b.) anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulation of NFkappaB activity, c.) cyclin-mediated cell cycle arrest and d.) epigenetic modulation by inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. First prospective clinical trials were promising in patients with risk of prostate cancer recurrence. The glutathione-S-transferase gene expression seems to play a major role in the individual susceptibility towards ITCs. Safety issues are widely unclear and should be more addressed in future studies because ITCs can, in low concentrations, compromise the function of human immune cells and might impair genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Lampiasi N, Montana G. An in vitro inflammation model to study the Nrf2 and NF-κB crosstalk in presence of ferulic acid as modulator. Immunobiology 2017; 223:349-355. [PMID: 29096944 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways and to explore the modulating activity actuated by ferulic acid. In the inflammation process, a key player is the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor pathway. On the contrary, the activation of Nrf2 inhibits inflammation and impairs degenerative disease providing an interface between redox and anti-inflammatory responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein phosphorylation of IKK complex is a potential mechanism for the activation of both Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. The IKK complex is as an integration point for signals emanating from these different pathways. In this study, we demonstrated that ferulic acid is able to regulate NF-κB and Nrf2 activities. Interestingly, we showed that ferulic acid mimics the potent IKK inhibitor such as BMS, down-regulating the NF-κB response, TAK 1 activation and turning off Nrf2 activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Immunoblot data showed that the release of Nrf2 from Keap1 is maintained at low levels also in the presence of LPS stimulus. Nrf2 controls the expression of many antioxidant and detoxification genes, by binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) that are commonly found in the promoter region of antioxidant (and other) genes. We demonstrated that in the pARE-Luc transfected cells the pre-treatment with FA significantly reduced LPS-induced (p<0.01) and BMS-induced (p<0.01) transcriptional activities. Analysis of well-known Nrf2 transcriptional targets showed that mRNAs expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and phase II enzymes such as dehydrogenase quinone1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase A2 (GSTA2) were up-regulated by BMS and significantly increase more by association with LPS, but are down-regulated in the presence of FA. Interestingly, cells depleted of Keap1 showed increased response of the Nrf2 transcriptional activity also in the presence of FA, strongly suggesting its modulating role in Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lampiasi
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Montana
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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Sturm C, Wagner AE. Brassica-Derived Plant Bioactives as Modulators of Chemopreventive and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1890. [PMID: 28862664 PMCID: PMC5618539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases including different kinds of cancer. These beneficial effects of, e.g., broccoli, cabbage or rocket (arugula) intake have been mainly dedicated to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GLSs)-secondary plant compounds nearly exclusively present in Brassicaceae-and in particular to their bioactive breakdown products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Overall, the current literature indicate that selected Brassica-derived ITCs exhibit health-promoting effects in vitro, as well as in laboratory mice in vivo. Some studies suggest anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for ITCs which may be communicated through an activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that controls the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Furthermore, it has been shown that ITCs are able to significantly ameliorate a severe inflammatory phenotype in colitic mice in vivo. As there are studies available suggesting an epigenetic mode of action for Brassica-derived phytochemicals, the conduction of further studies would be recommendable to investigate if the beneficial effects of these compounds also persist during an irregular consumption pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sturm
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Yan W, Xu Y, Yuan Y, Tian L, Wang Q, Xie Y, Shao X, Zhang M, Ni Z, Mou S. Renoprotective mechanisms of Astragaloside IV in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:669-683. [PMID: 28750561 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1361532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Transplantation Center of Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Andělová H, Rudolf E, Červinka M. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects of Sulforaphane on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line SW620. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF) has been reported to possess chemopreventive efficiency towards various malignancies including colon cancer. Here, we investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of SF on colon cancer cell line SW620. We found that SF at concentrations of 10–50 μM inhibits cell viability and proliferation of SW620 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC50 being 26 μM (24 h), 24.4 μM (48 h) and 18 μM (72 h). Also, in the same cells SF caused DNA damage and chromatin condensation after 24 h and 48 h as revealed by phospho-H2A.X western blot analysis and DAPI staining of nuclei. These changes were accompanied by the elevated activity of caspase 3, although after 20 μM SF concentration only. Together, these results indicate that SF suppresses growth of human metastacic colonocytes and induces apoptotic cell death.
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