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Dai W, Wang R, Zhong H, Li L, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang Q, Cao J, Ho SSH, Zhang T, Zhou J, Liu S, Li G, Tie X. Impact of formaldehyde on ozone formation in Central China: Important role of biogenic emission in forest region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175182. [PMID: 39089373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important source for driving tropospheric ozone (O3) formation. This study investigated the combined effects of anthropogenic and biogenic emission on O3 formation in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), Central China, providing useful information into the mechanisms of O3 formation due to the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A severe O3 pollution episode in summer of 2017 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to examine the impacts of ambient HCHO on ground-level O3. Results showed secondary HCHO dominated ambient levels, peaking in the afternoon (up to 86 %), while primary emissions contributed 14 % on average. This enhanced O3 production by 7.7 % during the morning rush hour and 24.3 % in the afternoon. In addition, HCHO concentration peaked before that of O3, suggesting it plays significant role in O3 formation. Biogenic emission oxidation contributed 3.1 μg m-3 (53.1 %) of HCHO and 5.2 pptv (40.1 %) of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) in average urban areas, where the downwind regions of the forests had high nitrogen oxides (NOx) levels and favorable conditions for O3 production (17.3 μg m-3, 20.5 %). In forested regions, sustained isoprene oxidation led to elevated oxidized VOCs including HCHO and acetaldehyde downwind, which practiced further photolysis of O3 formation with anthropogenic NOx in urban areas. Sensitivity experiments recommend controlling industrial and traffic NOx emissions, with regional joint prevention and regulation, which are essential to reduce O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haobin Zhong
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Lu Li
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiamao Zhou
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xuexi Tie
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
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2
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Karambelas A, Miller PJ, Underhill J, Pleim J, Zalewsky E, Jakuta J. Ozone sensitivity to high energy demand day electricity and onroad emissions during LISTOS. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39186664 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2396400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Using a high-resolution, 1.33 km by 1.33 km coupled Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (WRF-CMAQ), we quantify the impact of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from high energy demand day (HEDD) electricity generating units (EGU) and onroad vehicles on ambient ozone air quality in the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) region covering New York City (NYC); Long Island, NY; coastal Connecticut; and neighboring areas. We test sensitivity scenarios to quantify HEDD EGU NOx contributions to ozone: (1) zero out HEDD EGU emissions, (2) dispatch HEDD EGUs starting with the lowest NOx emitting units first, (3) reduce onroad emissions by 90%, (4) combine zero out HEDD EGU emissions and reducing onroad emissions by 90%, and (5) dispatch HEDD EGUs starting with the lowest emitting units coupled with a reduction in onroad emissions by 90%. Results determine that HEDD EGUs lead to highly localized impacts on ambient concentrations of ozone while onroad emission reductions lead to large-scale regional concentration impacts. Further, reducing onroad emissions by 90% leads to spatially smaller VOC-limited regions and spatially larger transitional and NOX-limited regions around NYC. Despite the limited scale at which the EGU emission reductions occur, modifying HEDD EGU NOX emissions still provides substantial benefits in reducing ozone concentrations in the region, particularly at elevated ozone concentrations above 70 ppb.Implications: High-resolution coupled meteorology-chemistry modeling was used to quantify the impacts of high energy demand day (HEDD) electricity generating units (EGUs) and onroad transportation emissions changes on ozone air quality in the LISTOS region. Despite being highly localized and variable, HEDD EGUs NOX emissions sensitivity tests led to quantifiable changes in ozone. Further, reducing onroad emissions by 90% produced large decreases in ozone concentrations and led to a more NOX-sensitive ozone photochemical regime. With a transition to greater NOX-sensitivity, urban NOX-titration weakens and ozone is more likely to decline with the removal of additional NOX from sources like HEDD EGUs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Miller
- Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Underhill
- Air Resources Division, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan Pleim
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric Zalewsky
- Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Jakuta
- Air Quality Division, District of Columbia Department of Energy and Environment, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Jiang NJ, Dong X, Veit D, Hansson BS, Knaden M. Elevated ozone disrupts mating boundaries in drosophilid flies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2872. [PMID: 38605003 PMCID: PMC11009341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals employ different strategies to establish mating boundaries between closely related species, with sex pheromones often playing a crucial role in identifying conspecific mates. Many of these pheromones have carbon-carbon double bonds, making them vulnerable to oxidation by certain atmospheric oxidant pollutants, including ozone. Here, we investigate whether increased ozone compromises species boundaries in drosophilid flies. We show that short-term exposure to increased levels of ozone degrades pheromones of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, as well as D. sechellia, and induces hybridization between some of these species. As many of the resulting hybrids are sterile, this could result in local population declines. However, hybridization between D. simulans and D. mauritiana as well as D. simulans and D. sechellia results in fertile hybrids, of which some female hybrids are even more attractive to the males of the parental species. Our experimental findings indicate that ozone pollution could potentially induce breakdown of species boundaries in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Ji Jiang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Centre, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Veit
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Centre, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
- Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Centre, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Tao M, Fiore AM, Jin X, Schiferl LD, Commane R, Judd LM, Janz S, Sullivan JT, Miller PJ, Karambelas A, Davis S, Tzortziou M, Valin L, Whitehill A, Civerolo K, Tian Y. Investigating Changes in Ozone Formation Chemistry during Summertime Pollution Events over the Northeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15312-15327. [PMID: 36219092 PMCID: PMC9670856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the local-scale spatial and temporal variability of ozone formation is crucial for effective mitigation. We combine tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDTrop) of formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), referred to as HCHO-VCDTrop and NO2-VCDTrop, retrieved from airborne remote sensing and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) with ground-based measurements to investigate changes in ozone precursors and the inferred chemical production regime on high-ozone days in May-August 2018 over two Northeast urban domains. Over New York City (NYC) and Baltimore/Washington D.C. (BAL/DC), HCHO-VCDTrop increases across the domain, but higher NO2-VCDTrop occurs mainly in urban centers on ozone exceedance days (when maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) ozone exceeds 70 ppb at any monitor in the region). The ratio of HCHO-VCDTrop to NO2-VCDTrop, proposed as an indicator of the sensitivity of local surface ozone production rates to its precursors, generally increases on ozone exceedance days, implying a transition toward a more NOx-sensitive ozone production regime that should lead to higher efficacy of NOx controls on the highest ozone days in NYC and BAL/DC. Warmer temperatures and enhanced influence from emissions in the local boundary layer on the high-ozone days are accompanied by slower wind speeds in BAL/DC but stronger, southwesterly winds in NYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madankui Tao
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York10027, United
States
| | - Arlene M. Fiore
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York10027, United
States
| | - Xiaomeng Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Luke D. Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
| | - Róisín Commane
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York10027, United
States
| | - Laura M. Judd
- NASA
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia23681, United States
| | - Scott Janz
- NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland20771, United States
| | - John T. Sullivan
- NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland20771, United States
| | - Paul J. Miller
- Northeast
States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, Massachusetts02111, United States
| | - Alexandra Karambelas
- Northeast
States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, Massachusetts02111, United States
| | - Sharon Davis
- New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, New Jersey08625, United States
| | - Maria Tzortziou
- The
City College of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
| | - Lukas Valin
- US
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Andrew Whitehill
- US
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Kevin Civerolo
- New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York12233, United States
| | - Yuhong Tian
- New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York12233, United States
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5
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Wu X, Chen X, Jiang R, You J, Ouyang G. New insights into the photo-degraded polystyrene microplastic: Effect on the release of volatile organic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128523. [PMID: 35278949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of plastics leads to the ubiquity of plastic waste in the environment. Weathering can cause changes in the properties of plastics and lead to the release of various chemicals especially the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Possible photodegradation pathway of polystyrene (PS) microplastics (MPs) was proposed and verified by the detection of VOCs. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed to investigate the release behavior of VOCs from PS MPs exposed to simulated ultraviolet (UV). Results indicated that although the physicochemical properties of the PS MPs showed no significantly change after UV-irradiation, a variety of toxic VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and phenol were detected from the irradiated MPs. UV irradiation progressively enhanced the release amount of VOCs with total concentration up to 66 μg g-1 after 30 d of exposure, about 2.4 times higher than that stored in the darkness (27 μg g-1). Some compounds (e.g., benzene and toluene) showed an upward trend over irradiation time, while others (e.g., styrene and 2-propenylbenzene) reduced over time. Results also found that the size of MPs could affect the release amounts but without consistent pattern for different VOCs detected in the headspace of the vial. In general, current study provided a new insight on the photo-aging process of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xinlv Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ruifen Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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6
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Shi X, Zheng Y, Lei Y, Xue W, Yan G, Liu X, Cai B, Tong D, Wang J. Air quality benefits of achieving carbon neutrality in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148784. [PMID: 34246132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 newly announced in China are expected to substantially affect air quality. Here we project the pollutants emissions in China based on a carbon neutrality roadmap and clean air policies evolution; national and regional PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in 2030 (the target year of carbon peak), 2035 (the target year of "Beautiful China 2035" launched by the Chinese government to fundamentally improve air quality) and 2060 (the target year of carbon neutrality) are then simulated using an air quality model. Results showed that compared with 2019, emissions of SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5, and VOCs are projected to reduce by 42%, 42%, 44%, and 28% in 2030, by 57%, 58%, 60%, and 42% in 2035, by 93%, 93%, 90% and 61% in 2060 respectively. Consequently, in 2030, 2035, and 2060, the national annual mean PM2.5 will be 27, 23, and 11 μg m-3; and the 90th percentile of daily 8-h maxima of O3 (O3-8h 90th) will be 129, 123, and 93 μg m-3; 82%, 94%, and 100% of 337 municipal cities will reach the current national air quality standard, respectively. It's expected that the "Beautiful China 2035" target is very likely to be achieved, and about half of the 337 cities will meet the current WHO air quality guideline in 2060. In the near future, strict environmental policies driven by "Beautiful China 2035" are needed due to their substantial contribution to emission reductions. By 2060, the low-carbon policies driven by the carbon neutrality target are expected to contribute to larger than 80% of reductions in PM2.5 and O3-8h 90th concentrations relative to the 2020 levels, implying that more attention could be paid to low-carbon policies after 2035. Our research would provide implications for future co-governance of air pollution and climate change mitigation in China and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurong Shi
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Yan
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Bofeng Cai
- Center for Climate Change and Environmental Policy, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 100012 Beijing, China.
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7
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Li Y, Yin S, Yu S, Bai L, Wang X, Lu X, Ma S. Characteristics of ozone pollution and the sensitivity to precursors during early summer in central plain, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:354-368. [PMID: 33183714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30, 2018 in Zhengzhou, a major city in central China, where ground ozone (O3) pollution has become serious in recent years. The concentrations of O3 and its precursors, as well as H2O2 and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site (Yanchang, YC), suburban (Zhengzhou University, ZZU) and background sites (Ganglishuiku, GLSK). Result showed that the rates of O3 concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard Grade II (93.3 ppbv) were 59.0%, 52.5%, and 55.7% at the above three sites with good consistency, respectively, indicating that O3 pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou. The daily peak O3 appeared at 15:00-16:00, which was opposite to VOCs, NOx, and CO and consistent with H2O2. The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O3 formation at YC was advanced. The high concentration of precursors, high temperature, low relative humidity, and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O3 episodes in Zhengzhou. O3 formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O3 formation. The VOCs/NOx ratio and smog production model were used to determine O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity. The O3 formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately, which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NOx is effective in reducing O3 pollution in Zhengzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Li
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shijie Yu
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuangliang Ma
- Henan Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
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8
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Liu Y, Song M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Hui L, Kong L, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Qu Y, An J, Ma D, Tan Q, Feng M. Characterization and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their related changes during ozone pollution days in 2016 in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113599. [PMID: 31796324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 99 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were continuously measured online at an urban site in Beijing, China, in January, April, July, and October 2016. Characterization and sources of VOCs and their related changes during days with heavy ozone (O3) pollution were analysed. The total observed concentration of VOCs (TVOCs) was 44.0 ± 28.9 ppbv. The VOC pollution level has decreased in Beijing but remains higher than in other Chinese cities. Alkanes comprised the highest proportion among seven major sampled VOC groups. The concentrations and sources of ambient VOCs showed obvious temporal variations. Six emission sources were identified by the positive matrix factorization (PMF), including biomass burning, coal combustion, gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, solvent usage, and biogenic + secondary emissions. The combustion source was the key control factor for VOC reduction in Beijing. From the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) model, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Henan were identified as major potential source regions of ambient VOCs. O3 formation was sensitive to VOCs in Beijing according to the VOC/NOx ratio (ppbC/ppbv, 8:1 threshold). High- and low-O3 days in July were identified, and high O3 levels were due to both enhanced VOC emission levels and meteorological conditions favourable to the production of O3. These findings provide evidence that the fuel combustion and regional transport have a great impact on concentrations and sources of VOCs in urban Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lirong Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liuwei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Depeng Ma
- Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering, Ministry of Environment and Ecology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China
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9
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Kim H, Gil J, Lee M, Jung J, Whitehill A, Szykman J, Lee G, Kim DS, Cho S, Ahn JY, Hong J, Park MS. Factors controlling surface ozone in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the KORUS-AQ campaign. ELEMENTA (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 8:10.1525/elementa.444. [PMID: 34522698 PMCID: PMC8437047 DOI: 10.1525/elementa.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, intensive measurements were conducted under the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign. Trace gases such as O3, NOx, NOy, SO2, CO, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), photochemical byproducts such as H2O2 and HCHO, aerosol species, and meteorological variables including planetary boundary layer height were simultaneously measured at Olympic Park in Seoul. During the measurement period, high O3 episodes that exceeded the 90 ppbv hourly maximum occurred on 14 days under four distinct synoptic meteorological conditions. Furthermore, local circulation such as land-sea breeze and diurnal evolution of the boundary layer were crucial in determining the concentrations of precursor gases, including NOx and VOC as well as O3. During such episodes, the nighttime NOx and VOC and daytime UV levels were higher compared to non-episode days. The overall precursor levels and photochemical activity were represented fairly well by variations in the HCHO, which peaked in the morning during the high O3 episodes. This study revealed that toluene was the most abundant VOC in Seoul, and its concentration increased greatly with NOx due to the large local influence under stagnant conditions. When O3 was highly elevated concurrently with PM2.5 under dominant westerlies, NOx and VOCs were relatively lower and CO was noticeably higher than in other episodes. Additionally, the O3 production efficiency was the highest due to a low NOx with the highest NOz/NOy ratio among the four episodes. When westerlies were dominant in transport-south episode, the nighttime concentration of O 3 remained as high as 40~50 ppbv due to the minimum level of NOx titration. Overall, the Seoul Metropolitan Area is at NOx-saturated and VOC-limited conditions, which was diagnosed by indicator species and VOC/NOx ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, KR
| | - Junsu Gil
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, KR
| | - Meehye Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, KR
| | - Jinsang Jung
- Center for Gas Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, KR
| | | | | | - Gangwoong Lee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, KR
| | - Deug-Soo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, KR
| | - Seogju Cho
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, KR
| | - Jun-Young Ahn
- Department of Climate and Air Quality, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, KR
| | - Jinkyu Hong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, KR
| | - Moon-Soo Park
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Hankuk University of Foreign Sturdies, Yongin, KR
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Podrascanin Z. Setting-up a Real-Time Air Quality Forecasting system for Serbia: a WRF-Chem feasibility study with different horizontal resolutions and emission inventories. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17066-17079. [PMID: 30997641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of the horizontal model grid size and anthropogenic gridded emissions on the air quality forecast in Serbia was analyzed using the online-coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). For that purpose, six simulations were performed. The model horizontal grid size was 20 × 20 km, 10 × 10 km, and 5 × 5 km. Two anthropogenic gridded emission inventories with different grid sizes were used, the global RETRO (REanalysis of the TROpospheric chemical composition) and the EMEP (The European Monitoring and Evaluation Program) for each model horizontal grid size. The modeled O3, NO2, and PM10 concentrations in all six simulations were compared with the measured hourly data at the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) stations and an EMEP station during August 2016. The analysis shows that the influence of the model grid size is larger on PM10 than on the O3 and NO2 concentration. The concentration of O3 and PM10 has a similar dependence on the emissions and the model grid size, while NO2 has a larger dependence on the emission than on the model grid size. The simulation with the 5 × 5 km grid size and the EMEP anthropogenic emissions has optimal performance compared with the measured concentration. In this optimal simulation, the modeled O3 concentrations overestimated the measured values at 3 stations and underestimated the measured values at 2 stations. At most stations, the modeled NO2 concentrations underestimated the measured values. The modeled PM10 concentrations highly underestimated the measured values at all stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Podrascanin
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Tan Z, Lu K, Jiang M, Su R, Dong H, Zeng L, Xie S, Tan Q, Zhang Y. Exploring ozone pollution in Chengdu, southwestern China: A case study from radical chemistry to O 3-VOC-NO x sensitivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:775-786. [PMID: 29727844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the in-situ measurements in Chengdu, a major city in south west of China, in September 2016. The concentrations of ozone and its precursor were measured at four sites. Although the campaign was conducted in early autumn, up to 100 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) daily maximum ozone was often observed at all sites. The observed ozone concentrations showed good agreement at all sites, which implied that ozone pollution is a regional issue in Chengdu. To better understand the ozone formation in Chengdu, an observation based model is used in this study to calculate the ROx radical concentrations (ROx = OH + HO2 + RO2) and ozone production rate (P(O3)). The model predicts OH daily maximum is in the range of 4-8 × 106 molecules cm-3, and HO2 and RO2 are in the range of 3-6 × 108 molecules cm-3. The modelled radical concentrations show a distinct difference between ozone pollution and attainment period. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results demonstrate that anthropogenic VOCs reduction is the most efficient way to mitigate ozone pollution at all sites, of which alkenes dominate >50% of the ozone production. Empirical kinetic modelling approach shows that three out of four sites are under the VOC-limited regime, while Pengzhou is in a transition regime due to the local petrochemical industry. The ozone budget analysis showed that the local ozone production driven by the photochemical process is important to the accumulation of ozone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Meiqing Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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12
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Li J, Du H, Wang Z, Sun Y, Yang W, Li J, Tang X, Fu P. Rapid formation of a severe regional winter haze episode over a mega-city cluster on the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:605-615. [PMID: 28159396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS) was used to investigate an extreme regional haze episode persisting over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megacity cluster from November 26 to December 1, 2015. During this extreme haze event, the regional daily mean PM2.5 exceeded 500 μg/m3. We found that local emissions were the main source of haze over Beijing and Hebei in the early formational stage of this episode. The accumulation of regionally transported, highly aged secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) along the foot of the mountains was responsible (60%) for the rapid increase of surface PM2.5 in Beijing between November 30 and December 1, although PM2.5 concentrations in the source regions of Hebei province were lower. The height of regional transport ranged from 200 to 700 m above ground level, with a slow increase with increasing distance of the source regions from Beijing. This indicates that more attention should be given to point sources at heights of 200-500 m in order to reduce the contribution of transport. The contribution of local emissions to haze in Beijing was mostly concentrated below 300 m above ground level, and was more significant for black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM) than SIA. Tagging of pollutants by emission time showed that PM2.5 had been aged before it arrived at Beijing, and PM2.5 formed one or more days prior to arrival was twice that formed on the arrival day. This suggests that control measures would be more effective if they were implemented two days prior to haze episodes. In contrast to Beijing, haze in Tianjin was governed by transport from outside sources, whereas in cities located in Hebei province this episode resulted from local emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiyun Du
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yele Sun
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ji D, Gao W, Zhang J, Morino Y, Zhou L, Yu P, Li Y, Sun J, Ge B, Tang G, Sun Y, Wang Y. Investigating the evolution of summertime secondary atmospheric pollutants in urban Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:289-300. [PMID: 27505262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation of tropospheric ozone (O3) and secondary particulates is essential for controlling secondary pollution in megacities. Intensive observations were conducted to investigate the evolution of O3, nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-) and oxygenated organic aerosols ((OOAs), a proxy for secondary organic aerosols) and the interactions between O3, NOx oxidation products (NOz) and OOA in urban Beijing in August 2012. The O3 concentrations exhibited similar variations at both the urban and urban background sites in Beijing. Regarding the O3 profile, the O3 concentrations increased with increasing altitude. The peaks in O3 on the days exceeding the 1h or 8h O3 standards (polluted days) were substantially wider than those on normal days. Significant increases in the NOz mixing ratio (i.e., NOy - NOx) were observed between the morning and early afternoon, which were consistent with the increasing oxidant level. A discernable NO3- peak was also observed in the morning on the polluted days, and this peak was attributed to vertical mixing and strong photochemical production. In addition, a SO42- peak at 18:00 was likely caused by a combination of local generation and regional transport. The OOA concentration cycle exhibited two peaks at approximately 10:00 and 19:00. The OOA concentrations were correlated well with SO42- ([OOA]=0.55×[SO42-]+2.1, r2=0.69) because they both originated from secondary transformations that were dependent on the ambient oxidization level and relative humidity. However, the slope between OOA and SO42- was only 0.35, which was smaller than the slope observed for all of the OOA and SO42- data, when the RH ranged from 40 to 50%. In addition, a photochemical episode was selected for analysis. The results showed that regional transport played an important role in the evolution of the investigated secondary pollutants. The measured OOA and Ox concentrations were well correlated at the daily scale, whereas the hourly OOA and Ox concentrations were insignificantly correlated in urban Beijing. The synoptic situation and the differences in the VOC oxidation contributing to O3 and SOAs may have resulted in the differences among the correlations between OOA and Ox at different time scale. We calculated OOA production rates using the photochemical age (defined as -log10(NOx/NOy)) in urban plumes. The CO-normalized OOA concentration increased with increasing photochemical age, with production rates ranging from 1.1 to 8.5μgm-3ppm-1h-1 for the plume from the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenkang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Morino
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Luxi Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pengfei Yu
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jiaren Sun
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Lü S, Huang Z, Li L. Sources of C₂-C₄ alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 502:236-245. [PMID: 25260169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone is becoming an increasing concern in China's megacities such as the urban centers located in the highly industrialized and densely populated Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, where previous studies suggested that ozone production is sensitive to VOC emissions with alkenes being important precursors. However, little was known about sources of alkenes. Here we present our monitoring of ambient volatile organic compounds at four representative urban, suburban and rural sites in the PRD region during November-December 2009, which experienced frequent ozone episodes. C2-C4 alkenes, whose total mixing ratios were 11-20% of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) quantified, accounted for 38-64% of ozone formation potentials (OFPs) and 30-50% of the total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity by NMHCs. Ethylene was the most abundant alkene, accounting for 8-15% in total mixing ratios of NMHCs and contributed 25-46% of OFPs. Correlations between C2-C4 alkenes and typical source tracers suggested that ethylene might be largely related to vehicle exhausts and industry activities, while propene and butenes were much more LPG-related. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) confirmed that vehicle exhaust and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were two major sources that altogether accounted for 52-62%, 58-77%, 73-83%, 68-79% and 73-84% for ethylene, propene, 1-butene, trans-2-butene and cis-2-butene, respectively. Vehicle exhausts alone contributed 32-49% ethylene and 35-41% propene. Industry activities contributed 13-23% ethylene and 7-20% propene. LPG instead contributed the most to butenes (38-65%) and substantially to propene (23-36%). Extensive tests confirmed high fractions of propene and butenes in LPG then used in Guangzhou and in LPG combustion plumes; therefore, limiting alkene contents in LPG would benefit regional ozone control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sujun Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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15
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Latif MT, Dominick D, Ahamad F, Khan MF, Juneng L, Hamzah FM, Nadzir MSM. Long term assessment of air quality from a background station on the Malaysian Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 482-483:336-48. [PMID: 24662202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Rural background stations provide insight into seasonal variations in pollutant concentrations and allow for comparisons to be made with stations closer to anthropogenic emissions. In Malaysia, the designated background station is located in Jerantut, Pahang. A fifteen-year data set focusing on ten major air pollutants and four meteorological variables from this station were analysed. Diurnal, monthly and yearly pollutant concentrations were derived from hourly continuous monitoring data. Statistical methods employed included principal component regression (PCR) and sensitivity analysis. Although only one of the yearly concentrations of the pollutants studied exceeded national and World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline standards, namely PM10, seven of the pollutants (NO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10, THC and CH4) showed a positive upward trend over the 15-year period. High concentrations of PM10 were recorded during severe haze episodes in this region. Whilst, monthly concentrations of most air pollutants, such as: PM10, O3, NOx, NO2, CO and NmHC were recorded at higher concentrations between June and September, during the southwest monsoon. Such results correspond with the mid-range transport of pollutants from more urbanised and industrial areas. Diurnal patterns, rationed between major air pollutants and sensitivity analysis, indicate the influence of local traffic emissions on air quality at the Jerantut background station. Although the pollutant concentrations have not shown a rapid increase, an alternative background station will need to be assigned within the next decade if development projects in the surrounding area are not halted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Talib Latif
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Doreena Dominick
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ahamad
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liew Juneng
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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McDonald BC, Gentner DR, Goldstein AH, Harley RA. Long-term trends in motor vehicle emissions in u.s. urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10022-31. [PMID: 23915291 DOI: 10.1021/es401034z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A fuel-based approach is used to estimate long-term trends (1990-2010) in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from motor vehicles. Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) are estimated using ambient NMHC/CO ratios after controlling for nonvehicular sources. Despite increases in fuel use of ∼10-40%, CO running exhaust emissions from on-road vehicles decreased by ∼80-90% in Los Angeles, Houston, and New York City, between 1990 and 2010. The ratio of NMHC/CO was found to be 0.24 ± 0.04 mol C/mol CO over time in Los Angeles, indicating that both pollutants decreased at a similar rate and were improved by similar emission controls, whereas on-road data from other cities suggest rates of reduction in NMHC versus CO emissions may differ somewhat. Emission ratios of CO/NOx (nitrogen oxides = NO + NO2) and NMHC/NOx decreased by a factor of ∼4 between 1990 and 2007 due to changes in the relative emission rates of passenger cars versus diesel trucks, and slight uptick thereafter, consistent across all urban areas considered here. These pollutant ratios are expected to increase in future years due to (1) slowing rates of decrease in CO and NMHC emissions from gasoline vehicles and (2) significant advances in control of diesel NOx emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C McDonald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-1710, United States
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17
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Pollution plumes observed by aircraft over North China during the IPAC-NC field campaign. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Assessment of the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry Model to Simulate Ozone Concentrations in March 2008 over Coastal Areas of the Sea of Japan. ATMOSPHERE 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos3030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schade GW, Khan S, Park C, Boedeker I. Rural southeast Texas air quality measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1070-1081. [PMID: 22070040 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.608621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors conducted air quality measurements of the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone together with meteorological measurements at a park site southeast of College Station, TX, during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS). Ozone, a primary focus of the measurements, was above 80 ppb during 3 days and above 75 ppb during additional 8 days in summer 2006, suggestive of possible violations of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in this area. In concordance with other air quality measurements during the TexAQS II, elevated ozone mixing ratios coincided with northerly flows during days after cold front passages. Ozone background during these days was as high as 80 ppb, whereas southerly air flows generally provided for an ozone background lower than 40 ppb. Back trajectory analysis shows that local ozone mixing ratios can also be strongly affected by the Houston urban pollution plume, leading to late afternoon ozone increases of as high as 50 ppb above background under favorable transport conditions. The trajectory analysis also shows that ozone background increases steadily the longer a southern air mass resides over Texas after entering from the Gulf of Mexico. In light of these and other TexAQS findings, it appears that ozone air quality is affected throughout east Texas by both long-range and regional ozone transport, and that improvements therefore will require at least a regionally oriented instead of the current locally oriented ozone precursor reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar W Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Cooper M, Martin RV, Sauvage B, Boone CD, Walker KA, Bernath PF, McLinden CA, Degenstein DA, Volz-Thomas A, Wespes C. Evaluation of ACE-FTS and OSIRIS Satellite retrievals of ozone and nitric acid in the tropical upper troposphere: Application to ozone production efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Yerramilli A, Dodla VB, Desamsetti S, Challa SV, Young JH, Patrick C, Baham JM, Hughes RL, Yerramilli S, Tuluri F, Hardy MG, Swanier SJ. Air quality modeling for the urban Jackson, Mississippi Region using a high resolution WRF/Chem model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2470-2490. [PMID: 21776240 PMCID: PMC3138035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8062470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to simulate the air quality with reference to ozone over the Jackson (Mississippi) region using an online WRF/Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting–Chemistry) model. The WRF/Chem model has the advantages of the integration of the meteorological and chemistry modules with the same computational grid and same physical parameterizations and includes the feedback between the atmospheric chemistry and physical processes. The model was designed to have three nested domains with the inner-most domain covering the study region with a resolution of 1 km. The model was integrated for 48 hours continuously starting from 0000 UTC of 6 June 2006 and the evolution of surface ozone and other precursor pollutants were analyzed. The model simulated atmospheric flow fields and distributions of NO2 and O3 were evaluated for each of the three different time periods. The GIS based spatial distribution maps for ozone, its precursors NO, NO2, CO and HONO and the back trajectories indicate that all the mobile sources in Jackson, Ridgeland and Madison contributing significantly for their formation. The present study demonstrates the applicability of WRF/Chem model to generate quantitative information at high spatial and temporal resolution for the development of decision support systems for air quality regulatory agencies and health administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Yerramilli
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.:+1-601-979-3654; Fax: +1-601-979-8247
| | - Venkata B. Dodla
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - Srinivas Desamsetti
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - Srinivas V. Challa
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - John H. Young
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - Chuck Patrick
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - Julius M. Baham
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - Robert L. Hughes
- Trent Lott Geospatial Visualization Research Centre, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mails: (V.B.D.); (S.D.); (S.V.C.); (J.H.Y); (C.P.); (J.M.B); (R.L.H.)
| | - Sudha Yerramilli
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; E-Mails: (F.T.); (M.G.H.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Francis Tuluri
- National Center for Biodefense Communications, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Mark G. Hardy
- National Center for Biodefense Communications, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Shelton J. Swanier
- National Center for Biodefense Communications, Jackson State University, 1230 Raymond Road, Jackson, MS 39204, USA; E-Mail:
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Chou CCK, Tsai CY, Shiu CJ, Liu SC, Zhu T. Measurement of NOyduring Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing 2006 (CAREBeijing-2006): Implications for the ozone production efficiency of NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kemball-Cook S, Parrish D, Ryerson T, Nopmongcol U, Johnson J, Tai E, Yarwood G. Contributions of regional transport and local sources to ozone exceedances in Houston and Dallas: Comparison of results from a photochemical grid model to aircraft and surface measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Castell N, Stein AF, Salvador R, Mantilla E, Millán M. The impact of biogenic VOC emissions on photochemical ozone formation during a high ozone pollution episode in the Iberian Peninsula in the 2003 summer season. ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-2-9-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Throughout Europe the summer of 2003 was exceptionally warm, especially July and August. The European Environment Agency (EEA) reported several ozone episodes, mainly in the first half of August. These episodes were exceptionally long-lasting, spatially extensive, and associated to high temperatures. In this paper, the 10$ndash;15 August 2003 ozone pollution event has been analyzed using meteorological and regional air quality modelling. During this period the threshold values of the European Directive 2002/3/EC were exceeded in various areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this paper is to computationally understand and quantify the influence of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in the formation of tropospheric ozone during this high ozone episode. Being able to differentiate how much ozone comes from biogenic emissions alone and how much comes from the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions would be helpful to develop a feasible and effective ozone control strategy. The impact on ozone formation was also studied in combination with various anthropogenic emission reduction strategies, i.e., when anthropogenic VOC emissions and/or NOx emissions are reduced. The results show a great dependency of the BVOC contribution to ozone formation on the antropoghenic reduction scenario. In rural areas, the impact due to a NOx and/or VOC reduction does not change the BVOC impact. Nevertheless, within big cities or industrial zones, a NOx reduction results in a decrease of the biogenic impact in ozone levels that can reach 85 μg/m3, whereas an Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound (AVOC) reduction results in a decrease of the BVOC contribution on ozone formation that varies from 0 to 30 μg/m3 with respect to the contribution at the same points in the 2003 base scenario. On the other hand, downwind of the big cities, a decrease in NOx produces a minor contribution of biogenic emissions and a decrease in AVOCs results in greater contributions of BVOCs to the formation of ozone.
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Pun BK, Seigneur C, Bailey EM, Gautney LL, Douglas SG, Haney JL, Kumar N. Response of atmospheric particulate matter to changes in precursor emissions: a comparison of three air quality models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:831-837. [PMID: 18323109 DOI: 10.1021/es702333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three mathematical models of air quality (CMAQ, CMAQ-MADRID, and REMSAD) are applied to simulate the response of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations to reductions in the emissions of gaseous precursors for a 10 day period of the July 1999 Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) in Nashville. The models are shown to predict similar directions of the changes in PM2.5 mass and component (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organic compounds) concentrations in response to changes in emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), except for the effect of SO2 reduction on nitrate and the effect of VOC reduction on PM2.5 mass. Furthermore, in many cases where the directional changes are consistent, the magnitude of the changes are significantly different among models. Examples are the effects of SO2 and NO(x) reductions on nitrate and PM2.5 mass and the effects of VOC reduction on organic compounds, sulfate and nitrate. The spatial resolution significantly influences the results in some cases. Operational model performance for a PM2.5 component appears to provide some useful indication on the reliability of the relative response factors (RRFs) for a change in emissions of a direct precursor, as well as for a change in emissions of a compound that affects this component in an indirect manner, such as via oxidant formation. However, these results need to be confirmed for other conditions and caution is still needed when applying air quality models for the design of emission control strategies. It is advisable to use more than one air quality model (or more than one configuration of a single air quality model) to span the full range of plausible scientific representations of atmospheric processes when investigating future air quality scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty K Pun
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., San Ramon, CA, USA.
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Deguillaume L, Beekmann M, Derognat C. Uncertainty evaluation of ozone production and its sensitivity to emission changes over the Ile-de-France region during summer periods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gilmore EA, Lave LB, Adams PJ. The costs, air quality, and human health effects of meeting peak electricity demand with installed backup generators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:6887-93. [PMID: 17153991 DOI: 10.1021/es061151q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing generators installed for backup during blackouts could be operated during periods of peak electricity demand, increasing grid reliability and supporting electricity delivery. Many generators, however, have non-negligible air emissions and may potentially damage air quality and harm human health. To evaluate using these generators, we compare the levelized private and social (health) costs of diesel internal combustion engines (ICE) with and without diesel particulate filters (DPF), natural gas ICEs, and microturbines to a new peaking plant in New York, NY. To estimate the social cost, first we calculate the upper range emissions for each generator option from producing 36,000 megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity over 3 days. We then convert the emissions into ambient concentrations with a 3-D chemical transport model, PMCAMx, and Gaussian dispersion plumes. Using a Monte Carlo approach to incorporate the uncertainties, we calculate the health endpoints using concentration-response functions and multiply the response by its economic value. While uncontrolled diesel ICEs would harm air quality and health, a generator with a DPF has a social cost, comparable to natural gas options. We conclude on a full cost basis that backup generators, including controlled diesel ICEs, are a cost-effective method of meeting peak demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Gilmore
- Engineering and Public Policy, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering and Tepper Business School, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Ma X, von Salzen K. Dynamics of the sulphate aerosol size distribution on a global scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kleinman LI. A comparative study of ozone production in five U.S. metropolitan areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Daum PH. Origin and properties of plumes of high ozone observed during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (TexAQS 2000). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Berkowitz CM. Chemical and meteorological characteristics associated with rapid increases of O3in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ryerson TB. Effect of petrochemical industrial emissions of reactive alkenes and NOxon tropospheric ozone formation in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Daum PH. A comparative study of O3formation in the Houston urban and industrial plumes during the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mihelcic D. Peroxy radicals during BERLIOZ at Pabstthum: Measurements, radical budgets and ozone production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kleinman LI, Daum PH, Lee YN, Nunnermacker LJ, Springston SR, Weinstein-Lloyd J, Rudolph J. Ozone production efficiency in an urban area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence I. Kleinman
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - Peter H. Daum
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - Yin-Nan Lee
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | | | | | - Judith Weinstein-Lloyd
- Chemistry/Physics Department; State University of New York at Old Westbury; Old Westbury New York USA
| | - Jochen Rudolph
- Chemistry Department and Centre for Atmospheric Research; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Neftel A. Sensitivity of photooxidant production in the Milan Basin: An overview of results from a EUROTRAC-2 Limitation of Oxidant Production field experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fast JD. Effect of regional-scale transport on oxidants in the vicinity of Philadelphia during the 1999 NE-OPS field campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dommen J. Characterization of the photooxidant formation in the metropolitan area of Milan from aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Martilli A. Simulation of the ozone formation in the northern part of the Po Valley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Phadnis MJ, Carmichael GR. Transport and distribution of primary and secondary nonmethane volatile organic compounds in east Asia under continental outflow conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fast JD, Doran JC, Shaw WJ, Coulter RL, Martin TJ. The evolution of the boundary layer and its effect on air chemistry in the Phoenix area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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von Salzen K, Leighton HG, Ariya PA, Barrie LA, Gong SL, Blanchet JP, Spacek L, Lohmann U, Kleinman LI. Sensitivity of sulphate aerosol size distributions and CCN concentrations over North America to SOxemissions and H2O2concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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