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Rusu (Vasilache) AM, Roman C, Bejan IG, Arsene C, Olariu RI. Gas-Phase Reaction Kinetic Study of a Series of Methyl-Butenols with Ozone under Atmospherically Relevant Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6745-6756. [PMID: 39106470 PMCID: PMC11331528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Methyl-butenols are a category of oxygenated biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted by plants as part of their natural metabolic processes. This study examines the gas-phase reactions of ozone (O3) with five methyl-butenols (2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, and 3-methyl-3-buten-2-ol) under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of (298 ± 2) K and pressure of (1000 ± 10) mbar. The experimental values for the gas-phase reaction rate coefficients obtained in this study, by using the relative rate method, are as follows (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1): k(3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol + O3) = (311 ± 20) × 10-18, k(2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol + O3) = (9.55 ± 1.04) × 10-18, k(3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol + O3) = (7.29 ± 0.46) × 10-18, k(2-methyl-3-buten-1-ol + O3) = (4.25 ± 0.29) × 10-18, and k(3-methyl-3-buten-2-ol + O3) = (62.9 ± 6.8) × 10-18. The results are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on the degree and type of substitutions of the double bond. The determined rate coefficient values are also compared to the available literature data and with estimates of the structure-activity relationship. Additionally, the atmospheric implications toward the tropospheric lifetime and photochemical ozone generation potential for the investigated compounds are provided, which highlight the atmospheric impact of methyl-butenol decomposition into the lower atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Rusu (Vasilache)
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Roman
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Research
Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation
in Romania (RECENT AIR), “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iustinian G. Bejan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cecilia Arsene
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Research
Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation
in Romania (RECENT AIR), “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo I. Olariu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Research
Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation
in Romania (RECENT AIR), “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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2
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Gao J, Wang H, Liu W, Xu H, Wei Y, Tian X, Feng Y, Song S, Shi G. Hydrogen peroxide serves as pivotal fountainhead for aerosol aqueous sulfate formation from a global perspective. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4625. [PMID: 38816351 PMCID: PMC11139875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional atmospheric chemistry posits that sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be oxidized to sulfate (SO42-) through aqueous-phase reactions in clouds and gas-phase oxidation. Despite adequate knowledge of traditional mechanisms, several studies have highlighted the potential for SO2 oxidation within aerosol water. Given the widespread presence of tropospheric aerosols, SO42- production through aqueous-phase oxidation in aerosol water could have a pervasive global impact. Here, we quantify the potential contributions of aerosol aqueous pathways to global sulfate formation based on the GEOS-Chem simulations and subsequent theoretical calculations. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation significantly influences continental regions both horizontally and vertically. Over the past two decades, shifts in the formation pathways within typical cities reveal an intriguing trend: despite reductions in SO2 emissions, the increased atmospheric oxidation capacities, like rising H2O2 levels, prevent a steady decline in SO42- concentrations. Abating oxidants would facilitate the benefit of SO2 reduction and the positive feedback in sulfate mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shaojie Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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3
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Manco A, Ciccioli P, Famulari D, Brilli F, Ciccioli P, Tommasi PD, Toscano P, Gioli B, Esposito A, Magliulo V. Real-time air concentrations and turbulent fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over historic closed landfills to assess their potential environmental impact. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119748. [PMID: 35868472 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, emission/deposition fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and H2S from a historic closed landfill site in Southern Italy were determined by Eddy Covariance (EC) using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). This was done in two field campaigns of one week performed in July and October 2016, where fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were also measured. Many compounds not previously identified in the biogas were detected by PTR-TOF-MS, but only in July some of them produced positive fluxes exceeding the flux limit of detection. Methanol was the most emitted compound with an average flux of 44.20 ± 4.28 μg m-2 h-1, followed by toluene with a mean flux of 18.97 ± 2.47 μg m-2 h-1. Toluene fluxes were 10 times higher than those of benzene, fitting rather well with values previously measured in the biogas. VOCs emission fluxes of monoterpenes and highly reactive arenes did not reflect, however, the biogas composition. This, combined with tiny emissions of VOC oxidation products, suggests that landfill emissions underwent some photochemical degradation before being dispersed in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Deposition fluxes of some VOCs emitted from the sea was also observed in July. No relevant VOC fluxes were instead measured in October, suggesting that temperature was the variable controlling most landfill emission. Albeit small, summer landfill emissions from the investigated site can have an impact on the population living nearby, because they contain or still generate compounds that causing nuisance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Manco
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Paolo Ciccioli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biological Systems, (CNR-ISB), Area Della Ricerca di Roma, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Daniela Famulari
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50017, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Piero Ciccioli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biological Systems, (CNR-ISB), Area Della Ricerca di Roma, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Paul Di Tommasi
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Piero Toscano
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
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4
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Long B, Xia Y, Bao JL, Carmona-García J, Gómez Martín JC, Plane JMC, Saiz-Lopez A, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francisco JS. Reaction of SO 3 with HONO 2 and Implications for Sulfur Partitioning in the Atmosphere. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9172-9177. [PMID: 35576167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide is a critical intermediate for the sulfur cycle and the formation of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. The traditional view is that sulfur trioxide is removed by water vapor in the troposphere. However, the concentration of water vapor decreases significantly with increasing altitude, leading to longer atmospheric lifetimes of sulfur trioxide. Here, we utilize a dual-level strategy that combines transition state theory calculated at the W2X//DF-CCSD(T)-F12b/jun'-cc-pVDZ level, with variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling from direct dynamics calculations at the M08-HX/MG3S level. We also report the pressure-dependent rate constants calculated using the system-specific quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (SS-QRRK) theory. The present findings show that falloff effects in the SO3 + HONO2 reaction are pronounced below 1 bar. The SO3 + HONO2 reaction can be a potential removal reaction for SO3 in the stratosphere and for HONO2 in the troposphere, because the reaction can potentially compete well with the SO3 + 2H2O reaction between 25 and 35 km, as well as the OH + HONO2 reaction. The present findings also suggest an unexpected new product from the SO3 + HONO2 reaction, which, although very short-lived, would have broad implications for understanding the partitioning of sulfur in the stratosphere and the potential for the SO3 reaction with organic acids to generate organosulfates without the need for heterogeneous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - John M C Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Kumar A, Mallick S, Kumar P. Nitrous acid (HONO) as a sink of the simplest Criegee intermediate in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7458-7465. [PMID: 35274643 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the reaction of nitrous acid with the simplest Criegee intermediate using chemical kinetics and quantum chemical calculations. It was found that reactions can occur through four different paths. Among them, one path involves hydrogen atom transfer and leads to the formation of hydroperoxymethyl nitrite, while two paths involve cycloaddition leading to the formation of ozonide and formic acid and the remaining path involves oxygen atom transfer leading to the formation of HNO3 as a final product. Although there are various oxidation reactions of HONO present in the literature, which produce nitrogen dioxide as a final product, the possibility of in situ generation of HNO3 and formic acid from HONO is reported for the first time. Nevertheless, the hydrogen atom transfer path, which leads to the formation of hydroperoxymethyl nitrite as a final product, was found to be the fastest, and hence dominating the Criegee reaction with HONO. By comparing the title reaction with other dominant Criegee reactions, it was found that although it will be more effective than Criegee oxidation by Cl˙ or ClO˙ and can compete with Criegee oxidation by OH˙ under special circumstances, it is negligible compared to the reaction of the Criegee intermediate with a water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Subhasish Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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6
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Yan Y, Wang S, Zhu J, Guo Y, Tang G, Liu B, An X, Wang Y, Zhou B. Vertically increased NO 3 radical in the nocturnal boundary layer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142969. [PMID: 33127147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the nocturnal boundary layer, nitrate radical (NO3) has an important contribution to atmospheric chemistry through oxidation of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Vertical distributions of NO2, O3 and NO3 were measured by four differential optical absorption spectroscopy instruments at meteorological tower in Beijing from June 1 to July 22, 2019. The results show the mean diurnal variations of NO2, O3, and NO3 display a single peak (up to 65.0 ppbv, 196.8 ppbv and 317.5 pptv, respectively) in time. O3 and NO3 mixing ratios generally increased against heights, which is opposite to NO2, suggesting the contribution of O3 to NO3 production at higher altitude. According to the correlation coefficients between NO3 production rates (PNO3) and NO2 or O3 levels, PNO3 was sensitive to NO2 mixing ratio at higher altitude but to O3 near the ground. Averaged NO3 lifetimes (τNO3) of lowest, middle, upper and highest layer intervals were 104, 118, 164 and 213 s, respectively, which indicates τNO3 increase against height and explains why NO3 mixing ratios are larger at higher altitude to some extent. Main control factors of NO3 removal changed from gas-phase reactions to N2O5 hydrolysis with height increase. When relative humidity (RH) exceeded 70% or PM2.5 level exceeded 50 μg·m-3, τNO3 was almost less than 300 s with mixing ratio lower than 70 pptv. The clear negative dependence of τNO3 on RH and PM2.5 reveals the influencing factors on indirect loss. Under polluted conditions, vertical profiles of NO2, O3 and NO3 varied drastically. Stable atmosphere (low nocturnal boundary layer height and thermal inversion), RH level and RH gradient are the main reason for the evident difference in NO3 gradient. Vertically increased NO3 radicals may imply the formation of nitrate aerosols and further increase the nitrate content in high- altitude particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Baoxian Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinxin An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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7
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Li S, Lu K, Ma X, Yang X, Chen S, Zhang Y. Field measurement of the organic peroxy radicals by the low-pressure reactor plus laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Genossar N, Porterfield JP, Baraban JH. Decomposition of the simplest ketohydroperoxide in the ozonolysis of ethylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16949-16955. [PMID: 32672775 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02798g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxides from the ozonolysis of alkenes, in addition to Criegee intermediates, have been proposed as an atmospheric source of OH radicals in the absence of sunlight, but have remained largely elusive due to their reactivity. A weak peroxide bond enables facile OH elimination, and subsequent β-scission can lead to a variety of decomposition products depending on the nature of the peroxide. In this paper we explore this process theoretically for the simplest ketohydroperoxide, hydroperoxyacetaldehyde (HPA), which is believed to be formed in the ozonolysis of ethylene. Despite it being the most stable C2H4O3 species in this reaction scheme, lower in energy than the starting materials by around 100 kcal mol-1, HPA has only been directly observed once in the ozonolysis of ethylene by photoionization mass spectrometry appearance energy. Here we report predictions of the rotational spectrum of HPA conducted in support of microwave spectroscopy experiments. We suggest a new dissociation path from HPA to glyoxal [HOOCH2CHO → HCOCH2O + OH → CHOCHO + H], supported by thermochemical calculations. We encourage the search for glyoxal using complementary experimental methods, and suggest possible future experimental directions. Evidence of glyoxal formation from ethylene ozonolysis might provide evidence of this underappreciated path in an important and long studied reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Genossar
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 841051, Israel.
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9
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Tan XF, Zhang L, Long B. New mechanistic pathways for the formation of organosulfates catalyzed by ammonia and carbinolamine formation catalyzed by sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8800-8807. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfuric acid exerts a remarkable catalytic role in the H2SO4 + HCHO + NH3 reaction that leads to the formation of carbinolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Tan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Bo Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang
- China
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10
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Zhang L, Long B. Hydrolysis of Formyl Fluoride Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid and Formic Acid in the Atmosphere. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18996-19004. [PMID: 31763521 PMCID: PMC6868600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Formyl fluoride (HFCO) is an important atmospheric molecule, and its reaction with the OH radical is an important pathway when degradation of HFCO is considered in earth's troposphere. Here, we study the hydrolysis of formyl fluoride (HFCO + H2O) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and formic acid (HCOOH) acting as catalysts by utilizing M06-2X, CCSD(T)-F12a, and conventional transitional state theory with Eckart tunneling to explore the atmospheric impact of the above-said hydrolysis reactions. Our calculated results show that H2SO4 has a remarkably catalytic role in the gas-phase hydrolysis of HFCO, as the energy barriers of the HFCO + H2O reaction are reduced from 39.22 and 41.19 to 0.26 and -0.63 kcal/mol with respect to the separate reactants, respectively. In addition, we also find that H2SO4 can significantly accelerate the decomposition of FCH(OH)2 into hydrogen fluoride (HF) and HCOOH. This is because while the barrier height for the unimolecular decomposition of FCH(OH)2 into HF and HCOOH is 31.63 kcal/mol, the barrier height for the FCH(OH)2 + H2SO4 reaction is predicted to be -5.99 kcal/mol with respect to separate reactants. Nevertheless, the comparative relative rate analysis shows that the reaction between HFCO and the OH radical is still the most dominant pathway when the tropospheric degradation of HFCO is taken into account and that the gas-phase hydrolysis of HFCO may only occur with the help of H2SO4 when the atmospheric concentration of OH is about 101 molecules cm-3 or less. Having an understanding from the present study that the gas-phase hydrolysis of HFCO in the presence of H2SO4 has very limited role possibly in the absence of sunlight, we also prefer here to emphasize that the HFCO + H2O + H2SO4 reaction may occur on the surface of secondary organic aerosols for the formation of HCOOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department
of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department
of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou
Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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Chen D, Huey LG, Tanner DJ, Li J, Ng NL, Wang Y. Derivation of Hydroperoxyl Radical Levels at an Urban Site via Measurement of Pernitric Acid by Iodide Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3355-3363. [PMID: 28212018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is a key species to atmospheric chemistry. At warm temperatures, the HO2 and NO2 come to a rapid steady state with pernitric acid (HO2NO2). This paper presents the derivation of HO2 from observations of HO2NO2 and NO2 in metropolitan Atlanta, US, in winter 2014 and summer 2015. HO2 was observed to have a diurnal cycle with morning concentrations suppressed by high NO from the traffic. At night, derived HO2 levels were nonzero and exhibited correlations with O3 and NO3, consistent with previous studies that ozonolysis and oxidation by NO3 are sources of nighttime HO2. Measured and model calculated HO2 were in reasonable agreement: Without the constraint of measured HO2NO2, the model reproduced HO2 with a model-to-observed ratio (M/O) of 1.27 (r = 0.54) for winter, 2014, and 0.70 (r = 0.80) for summer, 2015. Adding measured HO2NO2 as a constraint, the model predicted HO2 with M/O = 1.13 (r = 0.77) for winter 2014 and 0.90 (r = 0.97) for summer 2015. These results demonstrate the feasibility of deriving HO2 from HO2NO2 measurements in warm regions where HO2NO2 has a short lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - David J Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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12
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Stone D, Whalley LK, Heard DE. Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6348-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Im U, Poupkou A, Incecik S, Markakis K, Kindap T, Unal A, Melas D, Yenigun O, Topcu S, Odman MT, Tayanc M, Guler M. The impact of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on surface ozone concentrations in Istanbul. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:1255-65. [PMID: 21257192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone concentrations at Istanbul during a summer episode in June 2008 were simulated using a high resolution and urban scale modeling system coupling MM5 and CMAQ models with a recently developed anthropogenic emission inventory for the region. Two sets of base runs were performed in order to investigate for the first time the impact of biogenic emissions on ozone concentrations in the Greater Istanbul Area (GIA). The first simulation was performed using only the anthropogenic emissions whereas the second simulation was performed using both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. Biogenic NMVOC emissions were comparable with anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in terms of magnitude. The inclusion of biogenic emissions significantly improved the performance of the model, particularly in reproducing the low night time values as well as the temporal variation of ozone concentrations. Terpene emissions contributed significantly to the destruction of the ozone during nighttime. Biogenic NMVOCs emissions enhanced ozone concentrations in the downwind regions of GIA up to 25ppb. The VOC/NO(x) ratio almost doubled due to the addition of biogenic NMVOCs. Anthropogenic NO(x) and NMVOCs were perturbed by ±30% in another set of simulations to quantify the sensitivity of ozone concentrations to the precursor emissions in the region. The sensitivity runs, as along with the model-calculated ozone-to-reactive nitrogen ratios, pointed NO(x)-sensitive chemistry, particularly in the downwind areas. On the other hand, urban parts of the city responded more to changes in NO(x) due to very high anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Im
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Khan MAH, Hoque MMN, Alam SS, Ashfold MJ, Nickless G, Shallcross DE. Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two different analysis methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:60-64. [PMID: 21476341 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 x 10(5) - 1 x 10(6) molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant difference between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anwar H Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
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15
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Asaf D, Pedersen D, Matveev V, Peleg M, Kern C, Zingler J, Platt U, Luria M. Long-term measurements of NO(3) radical at a semiarid urban site: 1. Extreme concentration events and their oxidation capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:9117-23. [PMID: 20000501 DOI: 10.1021/es900798b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate radical (NO(3)), an important nighttime tropospheric oxidant, was measured continuously for two years (July 2005 to September 2007) in Jerusalem, a semiarid urban site, by long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS). From this period, 21 days with the highest concentrations of nitrate radical (above 220 pptv) were selected for analysis. Joint measurements with the University of Heidelberg's LP-DOAS showed good agreement (r = 0.94). For all daytime measurements, NO(3) remained below the detection limit (8.5 pptv). The highest value recorded was more than 800 pptv (July 27, 2007), twice the maximum level reported previously. For this subset of measurements, mean maximum values for the extreme events were 345 pptv (SD = 135 pptv). Concentrations rose above detection limits at sunset, peaked between midnight and early morning, and returned to zero at sunrise. These elevated concentrations of NO(3) were a consequence of several factors, including an increase in ozone concentrations parallel to a substantial decrease in relative humidity during the night; Mean nighttime NO(2) levels above 10 ppbv, which prevented a deficiency in NO(3) precursors; Negligible NO levels during the night; and a substantial decrease in the loss processes, which led to a lower degradation frequency and allowed NO(3) lifetimes to build up to a maximum mean of 25 min. The results indicate that the major sink pathway for NO(3) was direct homogeneous gas phase reactions with VOC, and a smaller indirect pathway via hydrolysis of N(2)O(5). The Jerusalem measurements were used to estimate the oxidation potential of extreme NO(3) levels at an urban location. The 24 h average potential of NO(3), OH, and O(3) to oxidize hydrocarbons was evaluated for 30 separate VOCs. NO(3) was found to be responsible for approximately 70% of the oxidation of total VOCs and nearly 75% of the olefinic VOCs; which was more than twice the VOC oxidation potential of the OH radical. These results establish the NO(3) radical as an important atmospheric oxidant in Jerusalem.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Asaf
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Israel.
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16
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Olaguer EP, Rappenglück B, Lefer B, Stutz J, Dibb J, Griffin R, Brune WH, Shauck M, Buhr M, Jeffries H, Vizuete W, Pinto JP. Deciphering the role of radical precursors during the Second Texas Air Quality Study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2009; 59:1258-1277. [PMID: 19947108 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.11.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) funded significant components of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II), including the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP) and instrumented flights by a Piper Aztec aircraft. These experiments called attention to the role of short-lived radical sources such as formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrous acid (HONO) in increasing ozone productivity. TRAMP instruments recorded daytime HCHO pulses as large as 32 parts per billion (ppb) originating from upwind industrial activities in the Houston Ship Channel, where in situ surface monitors detected HCHO peaks as large as 52 ppb. Moreover, Ship Channel petrochemical flares were observed to produce plumes of apparent primary HCHO. In one such combustion plume that was depleted of ozone by large emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), the Piper Aztec measured a ratio of HCHO to carbon monoxide (CO) 3 times that of mobile sources. HCHO from uncounted primary sources or ozonolysis of underestimated olefin emissions could significantly increase ozone productivity in Houston beyond previous expectations. Simulations with the CAMx model show that additional emissions of HCHO from industrial flares or mobile sources can increase peak ozone in Houston by up to 30 ppb. Other findings from TexAQS II include significant concentrations of HONO throughout the day, well in excess of current air quality model predictions, with large nocturnal vertical gradients indicating a surface or near-surface source of HONO, and large concentrations of nighttime radicals (approximately30 parts per trillion [ppt] HO2). HONO may be formed heterogeneously on urban canopy or particulate matter surfaces and may be enhanced by organic aerosol of industrial or motor vehicular origin, such as through conversion of nitric acid (HNO3). Additional HONO sources may increase daytime ozone by more than 10 ppb. Improving the representation of primary and secondary HCHO and HONO in air quality models could enhance the simulated effectiveness of control strategies.
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17
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Aldener M, Brown SS, Stark H, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Quinn PK, Bates TS, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Reactivity and loss mechanisms of NO3
and N2
O5
in a polluted marine environment: Results from in situ measurements during New England Air Quality Study 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Aldener
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Harald Stark
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric J. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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18
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Abstract
Atmospheric free radicals are low concentration, relatively fast reacting species whose influence is felt throughout the atmosphere. Reactive radicals have a key role in maintaining a balanced atmospheric composition through their central function in controlling the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. In this tutorial review, the chemistry of three main groups of atmospheric radicals HO(x), NO(x) and XO(x)(X = Cl, Br, I) are examined in terms of their sources, interconversions and sinks. Key examples of the chemistry are given for each group of radicals in their atmospheric context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Monks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, UK.
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19
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Shon ZH, Kim KH, Bower KN, Lee G, Kim J. Assessment of the photochemistry of OH and NO3 on Jeju Island during the Asian-dust-storm period in the spring of 2001. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 55:1127-1142. [PMID: 15050810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2002] [Revised: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of the long-range transport of dust particles and air pollutants on the photochemistry of OH and NO3 on Jeju Island, Korea (33.17 degrees N, 126.10 degrees E) during the Asian-dust-storm (ADS) period of April 2001. Three ADS events were observed during the periods of April 10-12, 13-14, and 25-26. Average concentration levels of daytime OH and nighttime NO3 on Jeju Island during the ADS period were estimated to be about 1x10(6) and 2x10(8) moleculescm(-3) ( approximately 9 pptv), respectively. OH levels during the ADS period were lower than those during the non-Asian-dust-storm (NADS) period by a factor of 1.5. This was likely to result from higher CO levels and the significant loading of dust particles, reducing the photolysis frequencies of ozone. Decreases in NO3 levels during the ADS period was likely to be determined mainly by the enhancement of the N2O5 heterogeneous reaction on dust aerosol surfaces. Averaged over 24 h, the reaction between HO2 and NO was the most important source of OH during the study period, followed by ozone photolysis, which contributed more than 95% of the total source. The reactions with CO, NO2, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) during the study period were major sinks for OH. The reaction of N2O5 on aerosol surfaces was a more important sink for nighttime NO3 during the ADS due to the significant loading of dust particles. The reaction of NO3 with NMHCs and the gas-phase reaction of N2O5 with water vapor were both significant loss mechanisms during the study period, especially during the NADS. However, dry deposition of these oxidized nitrogen species and a heterogeneous reaction of NO3 were of no importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busanjingu Gayadong San 24, Busan 614-714, South Korea.
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20
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Geyer A. Vertical profiles of NO3, N2O5, O3, and NOxin the nocturnal boundary layer: 2. Model studies on the altitude dependence of composition and chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Lei W. Chemical characterization of ozone formation in the Houston-Galveston area: A chemical transport model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Stutz J. Vertical profiles of NO3, N2O5, O3, and NOxin the nocturnal boundary layer: 1. Observations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Geyer A. The vertical structure of OH-HO2-RO2chemistry in the nocturnal boundary layer: A one-dimensional model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne E Heard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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25
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Grossmann D. Hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, carbonyl compounds, and organic acids measured at Pabstthum during BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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27
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Geyer A. Direct observations of daytime NO3: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Riemer N. Impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower troposphere under photosmog conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Martinez M. OH and HO2concentrations, sources, and loss rates during the Southern Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee, summer 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Volz-Thomas A. Introduction to Special Section: Photochemistry Experiment in BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Mihelcic D. Peroxy radicals during BERLIOZ at Pabstthum: Measurements, radical budgets and ozone production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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