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Dasari S, Andersson A, Popa ME, Röckmann T, Holmstrand H, Budhavant K, Gustafsson Ö. Observational Evidence of Large Contribution from Primary Sources for Carbon Monoxide in the South Asian Outflow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:165-174. [PMID: 34914368 PMCID: PMC8733925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
South Asian air is among the most polluted in the world, causing premature death of millions and asserting a strong perturbation of the regional climate. A central component is carbon monoxide (CO), which is a key modulator of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and a potent indirect greenhouse gas. While CO concentrations are declining elsewhere, South Asia exhibits an increasing trend for unresolved reasons. In this paper, we use dual-isotope (δ13C and δ18O) fingerprinting of CO intercepted in the South Asian outflow to constrain the relative contributions from primary and secondary CO sources. Results show that combustion-derived primary sources dominate the wintertime continental CO fingerprint (fprimary ∼ 79 ± 4%), significantly higher than the global estimate (fprimary ∼ 55 ± 5%). Satellite-based inventory estimates match isotope-constrained fprimary-CO, suggesting observational convergence in source characterization and a prospect for model-observation reconciliation. This "ground-truthing" emphasizes the pressing need to mitigate incomplete combustion activities for climate/air quality benefits in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Dasari
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - August Andersson
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Popa
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Holmstrand
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Krishnakant Budhavant
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- Maldives
Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH), Maldives Meteorological Services, Hanimaadhoo 02020, Republic
of the Maldives
- Centre
for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Divecha Centre for Climate
Change, Indian Institute of Sciences (IISC), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Örjan Gustafsson
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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2
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Tokuslu A. Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from ships on four ports of Georgia from 2010 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:385. [PMID: 34091785 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is a comprehensive inventory of the greenhouse gas emissions from ships in the Georgian ports and aims to analyse the level of exhaust gas emissions in ports. Georgia has four main ports (the Poti Sea Port, the Batumi Port, the Port of Kulevi, and the Port of Supsa) which are a vital link in Georgia's economy and transfer point for handling oil and oil products. The ship activity-based method is used to calculate the emissions of NOX, CO2, VOC, PM, and SO2 from ships between 2010 to 2018 years. The analysis is executed according to the type of ships (container, bulk dry, general cargo, tanker, chemical, liquified gas, and others) and operational modes (cruising, manoeuvring, and hoteling). The total emissions from ports are 54.640, 44.030, 11.910, and 9.206 tonnes per year for Batumi, Poti, Kulevi, and Supsa, respectively. The study indicates that the Batumi Port is the main source of atmospheric pollution in the region followed by the Poti Sea Port. Tanker, general cargo, and container ships are the main polluters at all ports and emit almost 82% of all emissions in the Georgian ports. The greenhouse gas emissions emitted from vessels during the mode of cruising were 82% of the total amount; manoeuvring emissions were 5% and hoteling 13% in operational modes. The environmental costs of ports can reach to €19.1 million or €14.288 per ship call in 2018. The uncertainties of the pollutant emission estimates were measured, with lower bounds of - 12.3 to - 33.9% and upper bound of 10.8 to 30.0% at 95% confidence intervals. The lower uncertainties in the study emphasised the importance of the ship activity-based method in improving ship emission estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Tokuslu
- Multinational Maritime Security Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Swamy GSNVKSN, Nagendra SM, Schlink U. Impact of urban heat island on meteorology and air quality at microenvironments. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:876-891. [PMID: 32579440 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1783390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions in Chennai, India. Meteorological conditions were the primary factor determining variations in daily average pollutant concentrations. The influence of urban infrastructure on meteorology is an important prediction on air quality. Understanding of the seasonal and diurnal secondary pollutant concentrations as a function of local meteorological conditions is necessary for urban air quality management. Micro-scale models for analyzing the surface layer interactions with the surrounding environment have recently gained attention. An attempt has been made to understand the effect of meteorology on air quality. This comprehensive study aims to assess the influence of local meteorology on urban air quality. The correlation was established between the change in meteorological parameters and mixing height on air quality at selected locations in a tropical urban environment. Results indicated the significant impact of land use patterns on the dispersion of air quality at study locations. Seasonal variations of ambient air temperatures at study locations were found to be more than 3°C in summer. Average mixing height variation among the study locations was observed to be more than 200 meters in summer. Results indicated the importance of wind velocity on the mixing height at study locations. The average concentrations of air quality parameters showed significant variation among the study locations. The maximum ozone (O3) concentration was recorded at the Central Business District (CBD) during the afternoon, i.e., around 38.3 ppb, whereas it was 26.8 and 14.6 ppb at the Residential Area (RA) and Urban Baseline (UBL), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between ambient temperature and O3 concentration during summer. In the winter, the average O3 concentration in all three-study locations increased to 45.3 ppb, 45.8 ppb, and 58.5 ppb at UBL, RA, and CBD sites, respectively. The study reveals the impact of microenvironments on air quality. Implications: An attempt has been made to study the seasonal and diurnal variation of air quality levels in selected study regions with land cover change. This article focuses mainly on the surface temperature intensity variations with respect to the percentage of land use pattern change in Chennai city, India, and the subsequent effect on meteorology of dispersion conditions and air quality parameters has been studied. The relationship between local meteorology and air quality has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S N V K S N Swamy
- Environmental and Water Resource Engineering Division, IIT Madras , Chennai, India
| | - S M Nagendra
- Environmental and Water Resource Engineering Division, IIT Madras , Chennai, India
| | - Uwe Schlink
- Department Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Sorooshian A, Corral AF, Braun RA, Cairns B, Crosbie E, Ferrare R, Hair J, Kleb MM, Mardi AH, Maring H, McComiskey A, Moore R, Painemal D, Jo Scarino A, Schlosser J, Shingler T, Shook M, Wang H, Zeng X, Ziemba L, Zuidema P. Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:10.1029/2019jd031626. [PMID: 32699733 PMCID: PMC7375207 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decades of atmospheric research have focused on the Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) region because of its unique location that offers accessibility for airborne and ship measurements, gradients in important atmospheric parameters, and a range of meteorological regimes leading to diverse conditions that are poorly understood. This work reviews these scientific investigations for the WNAO region, including the East Coast of North America and the island of Bermuda. Over 50 field campaigns and long-term monitoring programs, in addition to 715 peer-reviewed publications between 1946 and 2019 have provided a firm foundation of knowledge for these areas. Of particular importance in this region has been extensive work at the island of Bermuda that is host to important time series records of oceanic and atmospheric variables. Our review categorizes WNAO atmospheric research into eight major categories, with some studies fitting into multiple categories (relative %): Aerosols (25%), Gases (24%), Development/Validation of Techniques, Models, and Retrievals (18%), Meteorology and Transport (9%), Air-Sea Interactions (8%), Clouds/Storms (8%), Atmospheric Deposition (7%), and Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (2%). Recommendations for future research are provided in the categories highlighted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea F. Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Rachel A. Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian Cairns
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - David Painemal
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Amy Jo Scarino
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Joseph Schlosser
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Pan C, Zhu B, Gao J, Hou X, Kang H, Wang D. Quantifying Arctic lower stratospheric ozone sources in winter and spring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8934. [PMID: 29895951 PMCID: PMC5997751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamical and chemical characteristics of unusually low Arctic ozone events in 2005 and 2011 have been well-studied. However, the quantitative identification of Arctic ozone sources is lacking. Here, we use tagged ozone tracers in a numerical simulation to quantify the contributions to Arctic lower stratospheric ozone (ARCLS_O3) at diverse latitudes in winter and spring from 2005-2011. We demonstrate that the northern mid-latitudinal stratosphere steadily contributes approximately half of ARCLS_O3. The absolute contributions during February have evident variations, which are smaller in cold years (151.3 ± 7.0 Dobson units (DU) in 2005 and 139.0 ± 7.4 DU in 2011) and greater in warm years (182.6 ± 7.3 DU in 2006 and 164.6 ± 7.4 DU in 2009). The tropical stratosphere is also an important source. During February, its absolute contributions are 66.5 ± 11.5 DU (2005), 73.1 ± 4.7 DU (2011), 146.0 ± 9.0 DU (2006), and 153.7 ± 7.0 DU (2009). Before and after stratospheric warming, variations in the tropical components of ARCLS_O3 (51.8 DU in 2006 and 77.0 DU in 2009) are significantly larger than those in the mid-latitudinal components (17.6 DU in 2006 and 18.1 DU in 2009). These results imply that although the mid-latitudinal components of ARCLS_O3 are larger, the tropical components control stratospheric temperature-induced ARCLS_O3 anomalies in winter and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinhui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Kang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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6
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Hogrefe C, Liu P, Pouliot G, Mathur R, Roselle S, Flemming J, Lin M, Park RJ. Impacts of different characterizations of large-scale background on simulated regional-scale ozone over the continental United States. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:3839-3864. [PMID: 30079085 PMCID: PMC6071430 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-3839-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes simulated regional-scale ozone burdens both near the surface and aloft, estimates process contributions to these burdens, and calculates the sensitivity of the simulated regional-scale ozone burden to several key model inputs with a particular emphasis on boundary conditions derived from hemispheric or global-scale models. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations supporting this analysis were performed over the continental US for the year 2010 within the context of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) and Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF-HTAP) activities. CMAQ process analysis (PA) results highlight the dominant role of horizontal and vertical advection on the ozone burden in the mid-to-upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Vertical mixing, including mixing by convective clouds, couples fluctuations in free-tropospheric ozone to ozone in lower layers. Hypothetical bounding scenarios were performed to quantify the effects of emissions, boundary conditions, and ozone dry deposition on the simulated ozone burden. Analysis of these simulations confirms that the characterization of ozone outside the regional-scale modeling domain can have a profound impact on simulated regional-scale ozone. This was further investigated by using data from four hemispheric or global modeling systems (Chemistry - Integrated Forecasting Model (C-IFS), CMAQ extended for hemispheric applications (H-CMAQ), the Goddard Earth Observing System model coupled to chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and AM3) to derive alternate boundary conditions for the regional-scale CMAQ simulations. The regional-scale CMAQ simulations using these four different boundary conditions showed that the largest ozone abundance in the upper layers was simulated when using boundary conditions from GEOS-Chem, followed by the simulations using C-IFS, AM3, and H-CMAQ boundary conditions, consistent with the analysis of the ozone fields from the global models along the CMAQ boundaries. Using boundary conditions from AM3 yielded higher springtime ozone columns burdens in the middle and lower troposphere compared to boundary conditions from the other models. For surface ozone, the differences between the AM3-driven CMAQ simulations and the CMAQ simulations driven by other large-scale models are especially pronounced during spring and winter where they can reach more than 10 ppb for seasonal mean ozone mixing ratios and as much as 15 ppb for domain-averaged daily maximum 8 h average ozone on individual days. In contrast, the differences between the C-IFS-, GEOS-Chem-, and H-CMAQ-driven regional-scale CMAQ simulations are typically smaller. Comparing simulated sur face ozone mixing ratios to observations and computing seasonal and regional model performance statistics revealed that boundary conditions can have a substantial impact on model performance. Further analysis showed that boundary conditions can affect model performance across the entire range of the observed distribution, although the impacts tend to be lower during summer and for the very highest observed percentiles. The results are discussed in the context of future model development and analysis opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hogrefe
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- National Research Council Fellow at National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - George Pouliot
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rohit Mathur
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shawn Roselle
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Meiyun Lin
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Rokjin J. Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Im U, Christensen JH, Geels C, Hansen KM, Brandt J, Solazzo E, Alyuz U, Balzarini A, Baro R, Bellasio R, Bianconi R, Bieser J, Colette A, Curci G, Farrow A, Flemming J, Fraser A, Jimenez-Guerrero P, Kitwiroon N, Liu P, Nopmongcol U, Palacios-Peña L, Pirovano G, Pozzoli L, Prank M, Rose R, Sokhi R, Tuccella P, Unal A, Vivanco MG, Yarwood G, Hogrefe C, Galmarini S. Influence of anthropogenic emissions and boundary conditions on multi-model simulations of major air pollutants over Europe and North America in the framework of AQMEII3. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:8929-8952. [PMID: 30147714 PMCID: PMC6104647 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-8929-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the third phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII3), and as contribution to the second phase of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP2) activities for Europe and North America, the impacts of a 20 % decrease of global and regional anthropogenic emissions on surface air pollutant levels in 2010 are simulated by an international community of regional-scale air quality modeling groups, using different state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models (CTMs). The emission perturbations at the global level, as well as over the HTAP2-defined regions of Europe, North America and East Asia, are first simulated by the global Composition Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) model from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which provides boundary conditions to the various regional CTMs participating in AQMEII3. On top of the perturbed boundary conditions, the regional CTMs used the same set of perturbed emissions within the regional domain for the different perturbation scenarios that introduce a 20 % reduction of anthropogenic emissions globally as well as over the HTAP2-defined regions of Europe, North America and East Asia. Results show that the largest impacts over both domains are simulated in response to the global emission perturbation, mainly due to the impact of domestic emission reductions. The responses of NO2, SO2 and PM concentrations to a 20 % anthropogenic emission reduction are almost linear (~ 20 % decrease) within the global perturbation scenario with, however, large differences in the geographical distribution of the effect. NO2, CO and SO2 levels are strongly affected over the emission hot spots. O3 levels generally decrease in all scenarios by up to ~ 1 % over Europe, with increases over the hot spot regions, in particular in the Benelux region, by an increase up to ~ 6 % due to the reduced effect of NOx titration. O3 daily maximum of 8 h running average decreases in all scenarios over Europe, by up to ~ 1 %. Over the North American domain, the central-to-eastern part and the western coast of the US experience the largest response to emission perturbations. Similar but slightly smaller responses are found when domestic emissions are reduced. The impact of intercontinental transport is relatively small over both domains, however, still noticeable particularly close to the boundaries. The impact is noticeable up to a few percent, for the western parts of the North American domain in response to the emission reductions over East Asia. O3 daily maximum of 8 h running average decreases in all scenarios over north Europe by up to ~ 5 %. Much larger reductions are calculated over North America compared to Europe. In addition, values of the Response to Extra-Regional Emission Reductions (RERER) metric have been calculated in order to quantify the differences in the strengths of nonlocal source contributions to different species among the different models. We found large RERER values for O3 (~ 0.8) over both Europe and North America, indicating a large contribution from non-local sources, while for other pollutants including particles, low RERER values reflect a predominant control by local sources. A distinct seasonal variation in the local vs. non-local contributions has been found for both O3 and PM2.5, particularly reflecting the springtime long-range transport to both continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Im
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla Geels
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kaj Mantzius Hansen
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Efisio Solazzo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ummugulsum Alyuz
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Rocio Baro
- University of Murcia, Department of Physics, Physics of the Earth, Campus de Espinardo, Facultad de Química, Murcia, Spain
- now at: Section Environmental Meteorology, Division Customer Service, ZAMG e Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Bieser
- Institute of Coastal Research, Chemistry Transport Modelling Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Augustin Colette
- INERIS, Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Alata, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Gabriele Curci
- Dept. Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Center of Excellence CETEMPS, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Aidan Farrow
- Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research (CAIR), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Johannes Flemming
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, UK
| | - Andrea Fraser
- Ricardo Energy & Environment, Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxon, UK
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Guerrero
- University of Murcia, Department of Physics, Physics of the Earth, Campus de Espinardo, Facultad de Química, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Peng Liu
- NRC Research Associate at Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura Palacios-Peña
- University of Murcia, Department of Physics, Physics of the Earth, Campus de Espinardo, Facultad de Química, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Luca Pozzoli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Marje Prank
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Composition Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
- Cornell University, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Ricardo Energy & Environment, Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxon, UK
| | - Ranjeet Sokhi
- Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research (CAIR), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paolo Tuccella
- Dept. Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Center of Excellence CETEMPS, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alper Unal
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marta G. Vivanco
- INERIS, Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Alata, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - Greg Yarwood
- Ramboll Environ, 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Christian Hogrefe
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Knowland KE, Doherty RM, Hodges KI, Ott LE. The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:12421-12447. [PMID: 32714379 PMCID: PMC7380074 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-12421-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between springtime mid-latitude cyclones and background ozone (O3) is explored using a combination of observational and reanalysis data sets. First, the relationship between surface O3 observations at two rural monitoring sites on the west coast of Europe - Mace Head, Ireland and Monte Velho, Portugal - and cyclone track frequency in the surrounding regions is examined. Second, detailed case study examination of four individual mid-latitude cyclones and the influence of the associated frontal passage on surface O3 is performed. Cyclone tracks have a greater influence on the O3 measurements at the more northern coastal European station, Mace Head, located within the main North Atlantic (NA) storm track. In particular, when cyclones track north of 53° N, there is a significant relationship with high levels of surface O3 (> 75th percentile). The further away a cyclone is from the NA storm track, the more likely it will be associated with both high and low (< 25th percentile) levels of O3 at the observation site during the cyclone's life cycle. The results of the four case studies demonstrate a) the importance of the passage of a cyclone's cold front in relation to surface O3 measurements, b) the ability of mid-latitude cyclones to bring down high levels of O3 from the stratosphere and c) that accompanying surface high pressure systems and their associated transport pathways play an important role in the temporal variability of surface O3. The main source of high O3 to these two sites in springtime is from the stratosphere, either from direct injection into the cyclone or associated with aged airstreams from decaying downstream cyclones that can become entrained and descend toward the surface within new cyclones over the NA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR)
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth M. Doherty
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lesley E. Ott
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Choi HD, Liu H, Crawford JH, Considine DB, Allen DJ, Duncan BN, Horowitz LW, Rodriguez JM, Strahan SE, Zhang L, Liu X, Damon MR, Steenrod SD. Global O 3-CO Correlations in a Chemistry and Transport Model During July-August: Evaluation with TES Satellite Observations and Sensitivity to Input Meteorological Data and Emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:8429-8452. [PMID: 32457810 PMCID: PMC7250209 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8429-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the capability of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model to reproduce global mid-tropospheric (618hPa) O3-CO correlations determined by the measurements from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite during boreal summer (July-August). The model is driven by three meteorological data sets (fvGCM with sea surface temperature for 1995, GEOS4-DAS for 2005, and MERRA for 2005), allowing us to examine the sensitivity of model O3-CO correlations to input meteorological data. Model simulations of radionuclide tracers (222Rn, 210Pb, and 7Be) are used to illustrate the differences in transport-related processes among the meteorological data sets. Simulated O3 values are evaluated with climatological ozone profiles from ozonesonde measurements and satellite tropospheric O3 columns. Despite the fact that three simulations show significantly different global and regional distributions of O3 and CO concentrations, all simulations show similar patterns of O3-CO correlations on a global scale. These patterns are consistent with those derived from TES observations, except in the tropical easterly biomass burning outflow regions. Discrepancies in regional O3-CO correlation patterns in the three simulations may be attributed to differences in convective transport, stratospheric influence, and subsidence, among other processes. To understand how various emissions drive global O3-CO correlation patterns, we examine the sensitivity of GMI/MERRA model-calculated O3 and CO concentrations and their correlations to emission types (fossil fuel, biomass burning, biogenic, and lightning NOx emissions). Fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions are mainly responsible for the strong positive O3-CO correlations over continental outflow regions in both hemispheres. Biogenic emissions have a relatively smaller impact on O3-CO correlations than other emissions, but are largely responsible for the negative correlations over the tropical eastern Pacific, reflecting the fact that O3 is consumed and CO generated during the atmospheric oxidation process of isoprene under low NOx conditions. We find that lightning NOx emissions degrade both positive correlations at mid-/high- latitudes and negative correlations in the tropics because ozone production downwind of lightning NOx emissions is not directly related to the emission and transport of CO. Our study concludes that O3-CO correlations may be used effectively to constrain the sources of regional tropospheric O3 in global 3-D models, especially for those regions where convective transport of pollution plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA
| | | | - David B. Considine
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Now at NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan E. Strahan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
| | - Lin Zhang
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Now at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Megan R. Damon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Stephen D. Steenrod
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
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Anav A, De Marco A, Proietti C, Alessandri A, Dell'Aquila A, Cionni I, Friedlingstein P, Khvorostyanov D, Menut L, Paoletti E, Sicard P, Sitch S, Vitale M. Comparing concentration-based (AOT40) and stomatal uptake (PODY) metrics for ozone risk assessment to European forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1608-1627. [PMID: 26492093 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) produces harmful effects to forests and crops, leading to a reduction of land carbon assimilation that, consequently, influences the land sink and the crop yield production. To assess the potential negative O3 impacts to vegetation, the European Union uses the Accumulated Ozone over Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40). This index has been chosen for its simplicity and flexibility in handling different ecosystems as well as for its linear relationships with yield or biomass loss. However, AOT40 does not give any information on the physiological O3 uptake into the leaves since it does not include any environmental constraints to O3 uptake through stomata. Therefore, an index based on stomatal O3 uptake (i.e. PODY), which describes the amount of O3 entering into the leaves, would be more appropriate. Specifically, the PODY metric considers the effects of multiple climatic factors, vegetation characteristics and local and phenological inputs rather than the only atmospheric O3 concentration. For this reason, the use of PODY in the O3 risk assessment for vegetation is becoming recommended. We compare different potential O3 risk assessments based on two methodologies (i.e. AOT40 and stomatal O3 uptake) using a framework of mesoscale models that produces hourly meteorological and O3 data at high spatial resolution (12 km) over Europe for the time period 2000-2005. Results indicate a remarkable spatial and temporal inconsistency between the two indices, suggesting that a new definition of European legislative standard is needed in the near future. Besides, our risk assessment based on AOT40 shows a good consistency compared to both in-situ data and other model-based datasets. Conversely, risk assessment based on stomatal O3 uptake shows different spatial patterns compared to other model-based datasets. This strong inconsistency can be likely related to a different vegetation cover and its associated parameterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Anav
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Chiara Proietti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandri
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dell'Aquila
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Irene Cionni
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Dmitry Khvorostyanov
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, 91128, France
| | - Laurent Menut
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, 91128, France
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Italy
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ACRI-HE, 260 route du Pin Montard, BP 234, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, 06904, France
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Marcello Vitale
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
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Gao J, Zhu B, Xiao H, Kang H, Hou X, Shao P. A case study of surface ozone source apportionment during a high concentration episode, under frequent shifting wind conditions over the Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:853-63. [PMID: 26706758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone is an environmental issue occurring at several scales, ranging from local to continental. One of the most developed regions in China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), experiences severe tropospheric ozone problem. Hence, quantifying the contributions from various geographical source regions is helpful for better understanding the regional ozone problem. Ozone source apportionment studies can provide relevant information for designing suitable air pollution protection strategies. In the present work, the WRF-Chem model coupled with an online ozone tagging method is applied to a case study, with the objective of exploring the ozone contributions to the surface ozone from different source regions over the YRD region, during a frequent wind-shifting period. Our results show that the YRD was highly affected by the upwind source regions bearing high values both ozone and its precursors. The contribution from the source region outside the main air pollution zones in the Central Eastern China (super regional contribution) was also important, accounting for more than 30 ppb of daytime maximum mean ozone concentrations. Ozone arising from increased local and regional emissions during high-concentration events was more significant than super regional contribution. It reveals that the ozone from Anhui region was transported through vertical mixing and horizontal advection to receptor areas in the YRD during the study time focus. Chemical process contributed significantly at ground and high altitude levels of 500 and 1000 m. However, most of the ozone from the remote regions of Henan and Hubei provinces was transported to the receptor of Nanjing through physical processes. The vertical mixing process played a crucial positive role at super regional scales, with regard to the formation of surface ozone over the YRD region during the addressed time interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hui Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewei Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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12
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Joint Application of Concentration and δ18O to Investigate the Global Atmospheric CO Budget. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004. ATMOSPHERE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos5040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Tree and Forest Responses to Interacting Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Tropospheric O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-098349-3.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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MAHAPATRA PS, JENA J, MOHARANA S, SRICHANDAN H, DAS T, CHAUDHURY GR, DAS SN. Surface ozone variation at Bhubaneswar and intra-corelationship study with various parameters. JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE 2012; 121:1163-1175. [DOI: 10.1007/s12040-012-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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16
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Ford B, Heald CL. An A-train and model perspective on the vertical distribution of aerosols and CO in the Northern Hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Liu JJ, Jones DBA, Zhang S, Kar J. Influence of interannual variations in transport on summertime abundances of ozone over the Middle East. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Martini M, Allen DJ, Pickering KE, Stenchikov GL, Richter A, Hyer EJ, Loughner CP. The impact of North American anthropogenic emissions and lightning on long-range transport of trace gases and their export from the continent during summers 2002 and 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lonati G, Cernuschi S, Sidi S. Air quality impact assessment of at-berth ship emissions: Case-study for the project of a new freight port. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 409:192-200. [PMID: 20934741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This work is intended to assess the impact on local air quality due to atmospheric emissions from port area activities for a new port in project in the Mediterranean Sea. The sources of air pollutants in the harbour area are auxiliary engines used by ships at berth during loading/offloading operations. A fleet activity-based methodology is first applied to evaluate annual pollutant emissions (NO(X), SO(X), PM, CO and VOC) based on vessel traffic data, ships tonnage and in-port hotelling time for loading/offloading operations. The 3-dimensional Calpuff transport and dispersion model is then applied for the subsequent assessment of the ground level spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants for both long-term and short-term averaging times. Compliance with current air quality standards in the port area is finally evaluated and indications for port operation are provided. Some methodological aspects of the impact assessment procedure, namely those concerning the steps of emission scenario definitions and model simulations set-up at the project stage, are specifically addressed, suggesting a pragmatic approach for similar evaluations for small new ports in project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lonati
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica, Ambientale, Infrastrutture viarie, Rilevamento, Italy.
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Tripathi OP, Jennings SG, O'Dowd CD, Coleman L, Leinert S, O'Leary B, Moran E, O'Doherty SJ, Spain TG. Statistical analysis of eight surface ozone measurement series for various sites in Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Fang Y, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Levy H, Hu Y, Russell AG. Sensitivity of the NOybudget over the United States to anthropogenic and lightning NOxin summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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23
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Fang Y, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Gnanadesikan A, Levy H, Hu Y, Russell AG. Estimating the contribution of strong daily export events to total pollutant export from the United States in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Read KA, Lee JD, Lewis AC, Moller SJ, Mendes L, Carpenter LJ. Intra-annual cycles of NMVOC in the tropical marine boundary layer and their use for interpreting seasonal variability in CO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Agrawal H, Eden R, Zhang X, Fine PM, Katzenstein A, Miller JW, Ospital J, Teffera S, Cocker DR. Primary particulate matter from ocean-going engines in the Southern California Air Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5398-402. [PMID: 19708372 DOI: 10.1021/es8035016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from ship emissions within the Southern California Air Basin is quantified by comparing in-stack vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) measurements from in-use ocean-going vessels (OGVs) with ambient measurements made at 10 monitoring stations throughout Southern California. V and Ni are demonstrated as robust markers for the combustion of heavy fuel oil in OGVs, and ambient measurements of fine particulate V and Ni within Southern California are shown to decrease inversely with increased distance from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (ports). High levels of V and Ni were observed from in-stack emission measurements conducted on the propulsion engines of two different in-use OGVs. The in-stack V and Ni emission rates (g/h) normalized by the V and Ni contents in the fuel tested correlates with the stack total PM emission rates (g/h). The normalized emission rates are used to estimate the primary PM2.5 contributions from OGVs at 10 monitoring locations within Southern California. Primary PM2.5 contributions from OGVs were found to range from 8.8% of the total PM2.5 at the monitoring location closest to the port (West Long Beach) to 1.4% of the total PM2.5 at the monitoring location 80 km inland (Rubidoux). The calculated OGV contributions to ambient PM2.5 measurements at the 10 monitoring sites agree well with estimates developed using an emission inventory based regional model. Results of this analysis will be useful in determining the impacts of primary particulate emissions from OGVs upon worldwide communities downwind of port operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Bourns Hall A321, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Cristofanelli P, Bonasoni P. Background ozone in the southern Europe and Mediterranean area: influence of the transport processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1399-1406. [PMID: 18977575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The troposphere is subject to continuous inputs, production and removal processes of ozone and its precursors from natural processes and human activities acting together within a very complex system. In order to assess the behaviour of background ozone in the Mediterranean area, a description of trends, seasonal and diurnal behaviours of free tropospheric ozone is provided. In the Mediterranean area and southern Europe the background tropospheric ozone concentration appears significantly affected by three main air mass transport processes: (i) transport of polluted air masses on regional and long-range scales, (ii) downward transport of stratospheric air masses, and (iii) transport of mineral dust from the Sahara desert. In this review of the literature of the last two decades, we present an overview of these phenomena, mainly monitored at high baseline mountain stations representative of background atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cristofanelli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Hudman RC, Murray LT, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Wu S, Millet DB, Avery M, Goldstein AH, Holloway J. North American influence on tropospheric ozone and the effects of recent emission reductions: Constraints from ICARTT observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Liu JJ, Jones DBA, Worden JR, Noone D, Parrington M, Kar J. Analysis of the summertime buildup of tropospheric ozone abundances over the Middle East and North Africa as observed by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Gibson MD, Guernsey JR, Beauchamp S, Waugh D, Heal MR, Brook JR, Maher R, Gagnon GA, McPherson JP, Bryden B, Gould R, Terashima M. Quantifying the spatial and temporal variation of ground-level ozone in the rural Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada using nitrite-impregnated passive samplers. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2009; 59:310-320. [PMID: 19320269 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.3.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal variability of ground-level ozone (GLO) in the rural Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia was investigated between August 29, 2006, and September 28, 2007, using Ogawa nitrite-impregnated passive diffusion samplers (PS). A total of 353 PS measurements were made at 17 ambient and 1 indoor locations over 18 sampling periods ranging from 2 to 4 weeks. The calculated PS detection limit was 0.8 +/- 0.02 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), for a 14-day sampling period. Duplicate samplers were routinely deployed at three sites and these showed excellent agreement (R2 values of 0.88 [n = 11], 0.95 [n = 17], and 0.96 [n = 17]), giving an overall PS imprecision value of 5.4%. Comparisons between PS and automated continuous ozone analyzers at three sites also demonstrated excellent agreement with R2 values of 0.82, 0.95, and 0.95, and gradients not significantly different from unity. The minimum, maximum, and mean (+/- 1 sigma) ambient annual GLO concentrations observed were 7.7, 72.1, and 34.3 +/- 10.1 ppbv, respectively. The three highest sampling sites had significantly greater (P = 0.032) GLO concentrations than three Valley floor sites, and there was a strong correlation between concentration and elevation (R2 = 0.82). Multivariate models were used to parameterize the observed GLO concentrations in terms of prevailing meteorology at an elevated site found at Kejimkujik National Park and also at a site on the Valley floor. Validation of the multivariate models using 30 months of historical meteorological data at these sites yielded R2 values of 0.70 (elevated site) and 0.61 (Valley floor). The mean indoor ozone concentration was 5.4 +/- 3.3 ppbv and related to ambient GLO concentration by the equation: indoor = 0.34 x ambient - 5.07. This study has demonstrated the suitability of PS for long-term studies of GLO over a wide geographic area and the effect of topographical and meteorological influences on GLO in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Gibson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Fiore AM, Dentener FJ, Wild O, Cuvelier C, Schultz MG, Hess P, Textor C, Schulz M, Doherty RM, Horowitz LW, MacKenzie IA, Sanderson MG, Shindell DT, Stevenson DS, Szopa S, Van Dingenen R, Zeng G, Atherton C, Bergmann D, Bey I, Carmichael G, Collins WJ, Duncan BN, Faluvegi G, Folberth G, Gauss M, Gong S, Hauglustaine D, Holloway T, Isaksen ISA, Jacob DJ, Jonson JE, Kaminski JW, Keating TJ, Lupu A, Marmer E, Montanaro V, Park RJ, Pitari G, Pringle KJ, Pyle JA, Schroeder S, Vivanco MG, Wind P, Wojcik G, Wu S, Zuber A. Multimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor relationships for ozone pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Thompson AM, Yorks JE. Analysis of the Summer 2004 ozone budget over the United States using Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Koumoutsaris S, Bey I, Generoso S, Thouret V. Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the interannual variability of tropospheric ozone in the northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Val Martin M, Honrath RE, Owen RC, Li QB. Seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides in the central North Atlantic lower free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Liang Q, Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Newman PA, Nielsen JE. Evaluation of emissions and transport of CFCs using surface observations and their seasonal cycles and the GEOS CCM simulation with emissions-based forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Fiore AM, West JJ, Horowitz LW, Naik V, Schwarzkopf MD. Characterizing the tropospheric ozone response to methane emission controls and the benefits to climate and air quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Wu S, Mickley LJ, Leibensperger EM, Jacob DJ, Rind D, Streets DG. Effects of 2000–2050 global change on ozone air quality in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Bian H, Chin M, Kawa SR, Duncan B, Arellano A, Kasibhatla P. Sensitivity of global CO simulations to uncertainties in biomass burning sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Wuebbles DJ, Lei H, Lin J. Intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia and its consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 150:65-84. [PMID: 17714840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia is a crucial issue for air quality concerns in countries downwind of the significant emissions and concentrations of pollutants occurring in this important region of the world. Since the lifetimes of some important pollutants are long enough to be transported over long distance in the troposphere, regional control strategies for air pollution in downwind countries might be ineffective without considering the effects of long-range transport of pollutants from Asia. Field campaigns provide strong evidence for the intercontinental transport of Asian pollutants. They, together with ground-based observations and model simulations, show that the air quality over parts of North America is being affected by the pollutants transported from Asia. This paper examines the current understanding of the intercontinental transport of gases and aerosols from Asia and resulting effects on air quality, and on the regional and global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Wuebbles
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105 S. Gregory Street, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Neufeld HS, Chappelka AH. Commentary for papers resulting from the recent symposium on air pollution and vegetation effects in national parks and natural areas: implications for science, policy and management. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 149:253-5. [PMID: 17658202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard S Neufeld
- Department of Biology, 572 Rivers Street, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
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40
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Hegarty J, Mao H, Talbot R. Synoptic controls on summertime surface ozone in the northeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Sudo K, Akimoto H. Global source attribution of tropospheric ozone: Long-range transport from various source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Hess PG, Lamarque JF. Ozone source attribution and its modulation by the Arctic oscillation during the spring months. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Liao H, Henze DK, Seinfeld JH, Wu S, Mickley LJ. Biogenic secondary organic aerosol over the United States: Comparison of climatological simulations with observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Auvray M, Bey I, Llull E, Schultz MG, Rast S. A model investigation of tropospheric ozone chemical tendencies in long-range transported pollution plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Lewis AC, Evans MJ, Methven J, Watson N, Lee JD, Hopkins JR, Purvis RM, Arnold SR, McQuaid JB, Whalley LK, Pilling MJ, Heard DE, Monks PS, Parker AE, Reeves CE, Oram DE, Mills G, Bandy BJ, Stewart D, Coe H, Williams P, Crosier J. Chemical composition observed over the mid-Atlantic and the detection of pollution signatures far from source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - M. J. Evans
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - N. Watson
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. R. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. M. Purvis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - S. R. Arnold
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. B. McQuaid
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - L. K. Whalley
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - M. J. Pilling
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - D. E. Heard
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - P. S. Monks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - A. E. Parker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. E. Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. E. Oram
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - G. Mills
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - B. J. Bandy
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. Stewart
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - H. Coe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - P. Williams
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. Crosier
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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47
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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48
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Cooper OR, Stohl A, Trainer M, Thompson AM, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Morris G, Pickering KE, Crawford JH, Chen G, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Wooldridge P, Perring A, Brune WH, Merrill J, Moody JL, Tarasick D, Nédélec P, Forbes G, Newchurch MJ, Schmidlin FJ, Johnson BJ, Turquety S, Baughcum SL, Ren X, Fehsenfeld FC, Meagher JF, Spichtinger N, Brown CC, McKeen SA, McDermid IS, Leblanc T. Large upper tropospheric ozone enhancements above midlatitude North America during summer: In situ evidence from the IONS and MOZAIC ozone measurement network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Burkhart JF, Bales RC, McConnell JR, Hutterli MA. Influence of North Atlantic Oscillation on anthropogenic transport recorded in northwest Greenland ice cores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Liu H, Crawford JH, Pierce RB, Norris P, Platnick SE, Chen G, Logan JA, Yantosca RM, Evans MJ, Kittaka C, Feng Y, Tie X. Radiative effect of clouds on tropospheric chemistry in a global three-dimensional chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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