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Davulienė L, Janicka L, Minderytė A, Kalinauskaitė A, Poczta P, Karasewicz M, Hafiz A, Pashneva D, Dudoitis V, Kandrotaitė K, Valiulis D, Böckmann C, Schüttemeyer D, Stachlewska IS, Byčenkienė S. Synergic use of in-situ and remote sensing techniques for comprehensive characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167585. [PMID: 37797768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on importance of conducting comprehensive studies of atmospheric aerosol particles, which cannot be done if information from various complementary sensors is unavailable. We present an example for such application and recommend on the types of sensors that should be used in view of the ACTRIS and RI-URBANS new strategies for monitoring at supersites. Although active and passive remote sensing data was not available in continuous mode, we show that synergic use of them with in-situ observations allows for comprehensive study of temporal and height-resolved distribution of aerosol in the lower troposphere and it can be successfully combined to assess biomass burning impact on air quality and optical properties. The analysed period was divided into three episodes based on the measured black carbon (BC) concentration and the prevailing wind direction. The dominant 72-h backward trajectories were ending in western Europe, mid-Atlantic and western Russia, respectively, The in-situ measured mass concentrations of BCtotal and BC apportioned to biomass burning as well as particulate matter (PM) concentrations in accumulation mode were twice higher during the first and last episodes compared to the second episode, representing long-range transport from different source regions. The obtained complementary surface, column-integrated, and layer-derived size distributions and other parameters demonstrate the added value of multisensor analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Davulienė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Lucja Janicka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnė Minderytė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Patryk Poczta
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland; Poznan University of Life Sciences (PULS), Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Afwan Hafiz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Pashneva
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vadimas Dudoitis
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kamilė Kandrotaitė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Darius Valiulis
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Christine Böckmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Mathematics University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Kuttippurath J, Maishal S, Anjaneyan P, Sunanda N, Chakraborty K. Recent changes in atmospheric input and primary productivity in the north Indian Ocean. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17940. [PMID: 37483689 PMCID: PMC10362137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Global oceanic regions are rapidly changing in terms of their temperature, oxygen, heat content, salinity and biogeochemistry. Since the biogeochemistry of the oceans is important and pivotal for global food production, and a major part of the world population relies on marine resources for their daily life and livelihood, it is imperative to monitor and find the spatio-temporal changes in the primary productivity of oceans. Here, we estimate the changes in Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) in the north Indian Ocean (NIO) basins of Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea for the period 1998-2019. We find a substantial reduction of NPP in NIO since 1998 (-0.048 mg m-3 day-1 yr-1) and the increase in sea surface temperature (SST) (+0.02 °C yr-1) is the primary driver of this change. Furthermore, there is a significant (10-20%) change in the air mass or dust transport to NIO from the period Decade 1 (1998-2008) to Decade 2 (2009-2019). This change in air mass trajectories has also altered NPP in both basins through the changes in nutrient input and associated biogeochemistry. Henceforth, this study cautions the changes in primary productivity of NIO, and suggests regular assessments and continuous monitoring of the physical and biological processes from a perspective of food security and ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - S. Maishal
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - P. Anjaneyan
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - N. Sunanda
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Kunal Chakraborty
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad 500090, India
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Liaqut A, Tariq S, Younes I. A study on optical properties, classification, and transport of aerosols during the smog period over South Asia using remote sensing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69096-69121. [PMID: 37129820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, South Asian region has experienced frequent and thick smog events because of rapid population growth and enhanced anthropogenic activities, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Therefore, the present study investigates aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) (500 nm), Angstrom exponent (AE) (440-870 nm), single scattering albedo (SSA), fine-mode fraction (FMF), absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD), and absorption aerosol exponent (AAE) over selected AERONET sites namely Bhola (2012-2021), Dhaka (2012-2021), Jaipur (2011-2021), Kanpur (2011-2021), Karachi (2011-2021), Lahore (2011-2021), and Pokhara (2011-2021) in the IGP during the smog period (October, November, and December). Additionally, different aerosol types were categorized using AERONET direct sun (AOD, AE) and inversion products (VSD, SSA, RI, FMF, and ASY). The monthly mean AOD, AE, and FMF varied from ⁓0.33 to 1.07, ⁓0.3 to 1.4, and 0.6-0.9 µm over all selected AERONET sites during the smog period. Moreover, the outcomes revealed the dominance of biomass-burning and urban/ industrial aerosols over Lahore, Karachi, Dhaka, and Bhola during the smog period. Contrary to this, dust and mixed aerosols were abundant over Jaipur and Karachi, respectively. Furthermore, HYSPLIT cluster analysis is used to trace the transmission paths and potential sources of aerosols over selected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Liaqut
- Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Tariq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Application), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Isma Younes
- Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sridevi B, Sabira S, Sarma VVSS. Impact of ocean warming on net primary production in the northern Indian Ocean: role of aerosols and freshening of surface ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53616-53634. [PMID: 36862297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Warming due to climate change stratifies the upper ocean and reduces nutrient input to the photic zone resulting in a decline in net primary production (NPP). On the other hand, climate change increases both anthropogenic aerosol input into the atmosphere and the river discharge due to the melting of glaciers on land resulting in enhanced nutrient inputs to the surface ocean and NPP. To examine the balance between these two processes, spatial and temporal variations in the rate of warming, NPP, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and sea surface salinity (SSS) were studied between 2001 and 2020 in the northern Indian Ocean. Strong heterogeneity in the warming of the sea surface was observed in the northern Indian Ocean with significant warming in the south of 12°N. Insignificant trends in warming were observed in the northern Arabian Sea (AS), north of 12°N, during winter and fall, and western Bay of Bengal (BoB) during winter, spring, and fall associated with higher levels of anthropogenic AOD (AAOD) due to a reduction in incoming solar radiation. The decline in NPP was observed in the south of 12°N in both AS and BoB and correlated inversely with SST suggesting that a weak supply of nutrients due to upper ocean stratification controlled NPP. Despite warming, the weak trends in NPP in the north of 12°N were associated with higher AAOD levels and their rate of increase suggesting that the deposition of nutrients from the aerosols seems to be compensating for declining trends due to warming. The decrease in sea surface salinity confirmed an increase in river discharge, and nutrient supply led to weak NPP trends in the northern BoB. This study suggests that the enhanced atmospheric aerosols and river discharge played a significant role in warming and changes in NPP in the northern Indian Ocean, and these parameters must be included in the ocean biogeochemical models for accurate prediction of possible changes in the upper ocean biogeochemistry in the future due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sridevi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530 017, India
| | - Sk Sabira
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530 017, India
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530 017, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Rakshit G, Saha P, Maitra A. High black carbon episodes over a polluted metropolis near the land-sea boundary and their impact on associated atmospheric dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:256. [PMID: 36595082 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation outlines the crucial factors that influence the black carbon (BC) concentrations over a polluted metropolis, Kolkata (22.57° N, 88.37° E), India. Located in the eastern part of the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) outflow region and close to the land-ocean boundary, Kolkata is subject to contrasting seasonal maritime airflow from the Bay of Bengal and continental air mass from the IGP and Tibetan plateau region, which modulates the local concentration of BC. The origin of aerosol transport and associated atmospheric dynamics with high and low BC activities over Kolkata are examined during 2012-2015 using data from multi-technique sources which include measurements of ground-based instruments of aethalometer and multi-frequency microwave radiometer, reanalysis data from ERA-5 and MEERA-2, and model outputs from HYPSLIT back trajectory model simulations. The study highlights the control of IGP wind inflow on the occurrence of anomalous enhancements in BC concentration during weekends and holidays when local emissions are low. High BC events are associated with enhanced atmospheric heating below the boundary layer (2000 m) and significant negative surface radiative forcing. The response of the boundary layer to high and low BC episodes, shown in the diurnal variation in comparison with the seasonal mean, is investigated. Dominant suppression of morning and night-time boundary layer height is observed on high BC days. During the daytime in pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, boundary layer height peaks are found to be strongly controlled by high BC episode occurrences as obtained from the hourly data of ERA-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Rakshit
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Pallabi Saha
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Animesh Maitra
- Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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Li X, Guo J, Yu F, Tripathee L, Yan F, Hu Z, Gao S, He X, Li C, Kang S. Concentrations, sources, fluxes, and absorption properties of carbonaceous matter in a central Tibetan Plateau river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114680. [PMID: 36332672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous matter (CM) (such as water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), black carbon (BC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)) has a significant impact on the carbon cycle and radiative forcing (RF) of glacier. Precipitation samples and glacier's snow/ice samples (snowpit, surface snow, and granular ice) (Xiao dongkemadi Glacier) were collected at the Dongkemadi River Basin (DRB) in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) between May and October 2016 to investigate the characteristics and roles of CM in the TP River Basin. WIOC, BC, and WSOC concentrations in precipitation were relatively higher than that in snowpit, but lower than that in surface snow/ice, with the wet deposition fluxes of 0.10 ± 0.002, 0.04 ± 0.001, and 0.12 ± 0.002 g C m-2 yr-1 at DRB, respectively. The positive matrix factorization model identified four major sources (biomass burning source, secondary precursors, secondary aerosol, and dust source) of CM in precipitation at DRB. Two source areas (South Asia and the interior of TP) contributing to the pollution at DRB were identified using a potential source contribution function model, a concentration-weighted trajectory method, and the back-trajectory model. Moreover, the light-absorption by WSOC in the ultraviolet region was 23.0%, 12.1%, and 3.4% relative to the estimated total light-absorption in precipitation, snowpit, and surface snow/ice, respectively. Optical indices analysis revealed that WSOC in snowpit samples presented higher molecular weight, while presented higher aromatic and higher molecule sizes in surface snow/ice and precipitation samples, respectively. RF by WSOC relative to that of BC was estimated to be 17.6 ± 17.6% for precipitation, 10.9 ± 5.8% for snowpit, and 10.7 ± 11.6% for surface snow/ice, respectively, during the melt season in the central TP River Basin. These results help us understand how CM affects glaciers, and they can be utilized to create policies and recommendations that efficiently reduce emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Tanggula Cryosphere and Environment Observation Station, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jingning Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Tanggula Cryosphere and Environment Observation Station, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chaoliu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Bikkina P, Bikkina S, Kawamura K. Tracing the biomass burning emissions over the Arabian Sea in winter season: Implications from the molecular distributions and relative abundances of sugar compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157643. [PMID: 35908715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread haze pollution over South Asia typically occurs in winter, affecting the abundance of organic aerosols (OA) over the Arabian Sea due to prevailing meteorology. We determined the concentrations of biomass burning (BB) derived anhydrosugars (levoglucosan: Lev, galactosan: Gal, and mannosan: Man), sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose) and sugar alcohols (arabitol, mannitol, erythritol, and inositol) over the Arabian Sea during a winter cruise (6-24 December 2018). Molecular distributions revealed predominance of levoglucosan or sucrose. Besides, levoglucosan strongly correlated with mannosan, galactosan, sugar alcohols and elemental carbon, emphasizing their BB-origin. Backward air mass trajectories intercepted by the satellite-based fire counts over the Indo-Gangetic Plain together with relationship between stable carbon isotopic composition of TC (δ13CTC) and levoglucosan-C to organic carbon (%), confirmed the impact of BB-derived OA. A comparison of Lev/Man (av. 16.2) and Lev/K+ (av. 0.27) ratios over the Arabian Sea with the source-emissions revealed their origin from crop-residue burning. Rather high concentrations of Lev over the Arabian Sea compared to those documented over the Bay of Bengal, East China Sea, Sea of Japan and the western North Pacific further suggests a stronger impact of BB in the continental outflow over this marine basin. Besides, Lev/K+ ratios in marine aerosols exponentially decreased with an apparent increase in ambient relative humidity and temperature over the Arabian Sea during the South Asian outflow, implying a photochemical oxidation of BBOA. Such field-based relationship of Lev with the meteorological parameters can be useful for modelling the impact of BBOA on the surface Ocean. Besides, the aeolian input of sugar-C and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) accounted for 83 % and 92 % of that riverine supply to the Arabian Sea, respectively. This means atmospheric dry-deposition of sugars is an important external source of dissolved organic compounds to the surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Bikkina
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India.
| | - Srinivas Bikkina
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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Karthik V, Vijay Bhaskar B, Ramachandran S, Gertler AW. Quantification of organic carbon and black carbon emissions, distribution, and carbon variation in diverse vegetative ecosystems across India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119790. [PMID: 35850316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black Carbon (BC) and Organic Carbon (OC) are the principal chemical aerosol components generated during combustion, both of which play a key role in air pollution, human health and climate change. Several studies of OC and BC have been conducted over India to assess the contribution from household and fossil fuel-based sources; however, studies on their emissions and their contribution from forest and cropland fires are quite limited. To address this issue, as part of this research, we derived a vegetation burning-based inventory of BC and OC aerosols over India at a resolution of 250 m × 250 m. Using a consumed biomass technique, we estimated emissions based on updated emission factor estimates. During the fire season in India (March-June), the mean OC and BC emissions were 2.1 ± 5.2 × 1013 kg per year and 1.8 ± 4.4 × 1012 kg per year, respectively. Andhra Pradesh had the highest total carbonaceous aerosol emissions during the study period. Forest fires were prevalent in the northeastern states, while agricultural fires were prevalent in Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh. The previous inventory, conducted at a coarser resolution (25 km × 25 km), overestimated open burning by 5 Mt. Our results were highly correlated with global bottom-up model values, especially the Fire Inventory (FINN). Our analysis showed that vegetative burning contributed 80.32% of the total carbon stock, with agricultural burning being the largest source of vegetative burning. Based on these findings, measures and strategies to control agricultural burning which would reduce significantly the total emissions of BC and OC with implications to improvement in air quality, human health and climate should be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Karthik
- Department of Bioenergy, School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - B Vijay Bhaskar
- Department of Bioenergy, School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India.
| | - S Ramachandran
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Alan W Gertler
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, USA; Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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Physical-Optical Properties of Marine Aerosols over the South China Sea: Shipboard Measurements and MERRA-2 Reanalysis. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols play an important role in the Earth–atmosphere system. Their impacts on the weather and climate are highly dependent on spatiotemporal distributions as well as physical-optical properties. Physical-optical properties of the aerosols over the Asian continent have been widely investigated, but there are relatively few observations in maritime locations, especially the South China Sea (SCS). Here, with the combination of in situ ship-based observations from June and July 2019 as well as long-term MERRA-2 reanalysis datasets from January 2012 to December 2021, the physical and optical properties of marine aerosols in the SCS are explored. The impacts of meteorological factors, particularly frontal systems, on the aerosol properties are further analyzed based on detailed observations. The observed results show that aerosols are vertically concentrated below 3 km and the extinction coefficient reaches the maximum value of 0.055 km−1 near 480 m. Moreover, the particles are composed of an accumulation and a coarse particle mode, and they conform to the lognormal distribution. The synoptic-scale case study demonstrates that both the cold front and stationary front lead to an increase in aerosol optical thickness (AOD), which is due to the enhanced wind speed and the hygroscopic growth of fine particles, respectively. The long-term analysis indicates that AOD decreases from northwest to southeast with the increasing distance away from the continent, and it reflects higher values in spring and winter than in summer and autumn. Sulfate and sea salt dominate AOD in this region when compared with other components. The overall AOD shows a significant negative trend of −0.0027 year−1. This work will help us further understand the physical and optical properties of marine aerosols over the SCS and then contribute to quantifying the aerosol radiative forcing in the future.
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Severe Biomass-Burning Aerosol Pollution during the 2019 Amazon Wildfire and Its Direct Radiative-Forcing Impact: A Space Perspective from MODIS Retrievals. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An extreme biomass burning event occurred in the Amazonian rainforest from July through September 2019 due to the extensive wildfires used to clear the land, which allowed for more significant forest burning than previously occurred. In this study, we reclustered the clear-sky ambient aerosols to adapt the black carbon (BC) aerosol retrieval algorithm to Amazonia. This not only isolated the volumetric fraction of BC (fbc) from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol data, but also facilitated the use of aerosol mixing and scattering models to estimate the absorption properties of smoke plumes. The retrieved MODIS aerosol dataset provided a space perspective on characterizing the aerosol changes and trends of the 2019 pollution event. A very high aerosol optical depth (AOD) was found to affect the source areas continuously, with higher and thus stronger aerosol absorption. These pollutants also affected the atmosphere downwind due to the transport of air masses. In addition, properties of aerosols emitted from the 2019 Amazonian wildfire events visualized a significant year-to-year enhancement, with the averaged AOD at 550 nm increased by 150%. A 200% increase in the aerosol-absorption optical depth (AAOD) at 550 nm was recognized due to the low single-scattering albedo (SSA) caused by the explosive BC emissions during the pollution peak. Further simulations of aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) showed that the biomass-burning aerosols emitted during the extreme Amazonian wildfires event in 2019 forced a significant change in the radiative balance, which not only produced greater heating of the atmospheric column through strong absorption of BC, but also reduced the radiation reaching the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface level. The negative radiative forcing at the TOA and surface level, as well as the positive radiative forcing in the atmosphere, were elevated by ~30% across the whole of South America compared to 2018. These radiative effects of the absorbing aerosol could have the ability to accelerate the deterioration cycle of drought and fire over the Amazonian rainforest.
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Yi M, Lu Y, Wen L, Luo Y, Xu S, Zhang T. Whether green technology innovation is conducive to haze emission reduction: empirical evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12115-12127. [PMID: 34561798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization, haze pollution has become a severe environmental pollution problem, and green technology innovation is one feasible way to alleviate it. Based on the PM2.5 concentration data of 30 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2017, we use a spatial panel model to investigate the spatial characteristics of haze pollution and examine the impact of green technology innovation on it. Results show that haze pollution has spatial correlation and a time lag. Its spatial correlation is associated with geographical distance as well as the compound influence of distance and economic development. Green technology innovation and foreign investment have inhibitory and negative spillover effects on haze pollution. Industrial structure and energy consumption structure play a partial intermediary role between green technology innovation and haze pollution, and the former has a significant negative spillover, while the latter has a positive effect. To reduce haze pollution, China should improve the level of green technology innovation, use foreign investment wisely, and enhance policy support and guidance. It should also promote the rationalization of industrial structure, optimize energy structure, and implement energy substitution. Finally, it is crucial that it should strengthen regional collaborative governance and build a multi-agent governance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Le Wen
- Energy Center of Auckland University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shujing Xu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Al-Abadleh HA, Nizkorodov SA. Open questions on transition metals driving secondary thermal processes in atmospheric aerosols. Commun Chem 2021; 4:176. [PMID: 36697870 PMCID: PMC9814383 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hind A. Al-Abadleh
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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13
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Yadav K, Rao VD, Sridevi B, Sarma VVSS. Decadal variations in natural and anthropogenic aerosol optical depth over the Bay of Bengal: the influence of pollutants from Indo-GangeticPlain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55202-55219. [PMID: 34129167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perennial increase in atmospheric pollution over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and South China Sea is reported due to increase in human population and industrial activity in South and Southeast Asia. Based on total aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from MODIS (moderate resolution imaging resolution imaging spectroradiometer), natural and anthropogenic fractions were derived. The seasonality and spatial variability in rate of increase in total, natural, and anthropogenic AOD fractions were examined over the BoB using data collected between 2001 and 2019. Both total and anthropogenic AOD displayed statistically significant rate of increase in the northwest BoB (NWB) and western coastal BoB (WCB) regions during 2001 to 2019 whereas the long-term changes are insignificant in the other regions of BoB. Significant increase in AOD in the NWB and WCB regions is mainly contributed by dominant outflow of anthropogenic emissions from Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) area of Indian subcontinent. The magnitude of AOD decreased by half from northern BoB to equatorial region due to increase in distance from the source region. The contribution of anthropogenic AOD was >70% to total AOD with higher contribution during winter and lower during summer. The rate of increase in both total and anthropogenic AOD was close to 0.104 and 0.099 per decade in the NWB and 0.069 and 0.059 per decade in the WCB region between 2001 and 2019. The rate of increase in total and anthropogenic AOD decreased from 2001-2009 (0.164 and 0.115 per decade respectively) to 2010-2019 (0.068 and 0.076 per decade respectively) in the NWB region. Significant increase in anthropogenic AOD by 50 and 30% was observed during El Niño and La Niña periods respectively than normal year in both northwest BoB (NWB) and western coastal (WCB) regions due to change in strength and direction of winds. Although some fraction of anthropogenic AOD is found over the entire BoB, significant rate of increase in anthropogenic AOD is found only about 23% of the area of BoB than hitherto reported as entire BoB. The impact of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic aerosols on biogeochemical processes, such as primary production and ocean acidification, needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yadav
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530017, India
| | - V D Rao
- ESSO-National Centre for Coastal Research, Chennai, India
| | - B Sridevi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530017, India
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530017, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Dona Paula, Goa, India.
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14
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Srivastava R, Asutosh A, Sabu P, Anilkumar N. Investigation of Black Carbon characteristics over southern ocean: Contribution of fossil fuel and biomass burning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116645. [PMID: 33592443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Black Carbon (BC) is an absorbing aerosol which has significant impact on the Earth - Atmosphere radiation balance and hence on climate. The variation of BC mass concentration and contribution of fossil fuel and biomass burning have been investigated over the Indian ocean sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer. BC mass was in the range of 300-500 ng m-3 between 23.3oS to 24.5oS followed by decrease in BC to 150 ng m-3 as moving to higher southern latitudes till 41oS latitude. An increase in BC mass from 250 to 450 ng m-3 was found between 41 and 50oS due to trap of air masses by cyclonic wind and transport of aerosols from the southern part of African and eastern Madagascar regions. Higher BC concentration (250-350 ng m-3) was observed in the latitude range of 57-60oS which can be attributed to convergence of north-westerly and south-easterly winds. The dominant contributor to BC was fossil fuel, which was > 80% during half of the total observations, while > 20% biomass burning contributed to one fifth of observations. The coastal Antarctic region showed higher BC mass concentration with mixed type of contributions of biomass and fossil fuel. Such accumulation of BC near the Antarctic coast can have a crucial impact on the sea-ice albedo which significantly affect the Antarctic climate system locally and global climate in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Srivastava
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India.
| | - A Asutosh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
| | - P Sabu
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
| | - N Anilkumar
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
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15
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Impact of Monsoon-Transported Anthropogenic Aerosols and Sun-Glint on the Satellite-Derived Spectral Remote Sensing Reflectance in the Indian Ocean. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ), sr−1) is one of the most important products of ocean color satellite missions, where accuracy is essential for retrieval of in-water, bio-optical, and biogeochemical properties. For the Indian Ocean (IO), where Rrs(λ) accuracy has not been well documented, the quality of Rrs(λ) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard both Terra (MODIS-Terra) and Aqua (MODIS-Aqua), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership spacecraft (VIIRS-NPP), is evaluated and inter-compared based on a quality assurance (QA) system, which can objectively grade each individual Rrs(λ) spectrum, with 1 for a perfect spectrum and 0 for an unusable spectrum. Taking the whole year of 2016 as an example, spatiotemporal pattern of Rrs(λ) quality in the Indian Ocean is characterized for the first time, and the underlying factors are elucidated. Specifically, QA analysis of the monthly Rrs(λ) over the IO indicates good quality with the average scores of 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.92 ± 0.02 and 0.92 ± 0.02 for VIIRS-NPP, MODIS-Aqua, and MODIS-Terra, respectively. Low-quality (~0.7) data are mainly found in the Bengal Bay (BB) from January to March, which can be attributed to the imperfect atmospheric correction due to anthropogenic absorptive aerosols transported by the northeasterly winter monsoon. Moreover, low-quality (~0.74) data are also found in the clear oligotrophic gyre zone (OZ) of the south IO in the second half of the year, possibly due to residual sun-glint contributions. These findings highlight the effects of monsoon-transported anthropogenic aerosols, and imperfect sun-glint removal on the Rrs(λ) quality. Further studies are advocated to improve the sun-glint correction in the oligotrophic gyre zone and aerosol correction in the complex ocean–atmosphere environment.
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16
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Li C, Yan F, Kang S, Yan C, Hu Z, Chen P, Gao S, Zhang C, He C, Kaspari S, Stubbins A. Carbonaceous matter in the atmosphere and glaciers of the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau: An investigative review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106281. [PMID: 33395932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous matter, including organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC), is an important climate forcing agent and contributes to glacier retreat in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau (HTP). The HTP - the so-called "Third Pole" - contains the most extensive glacial area outside of the polar regions. Considerable research on carbonaceous matter in the HTP has been conducted, although this research has been challenging due to the complex terrain and strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity of carbonaceous matter in the HTP. A comprehensive investigation of published atmospheric and snow data for HTP carbonaceous matter concentration, deposition and light absorption is presented, including how these factors vary with time and other parameters. Carbonaceous matter concentrations in the atmosphere and glaciers of the HTP are found to be low. Analysis of water-insoluable organic carbon and BC from snowpits reveals that concentrations of OC and BC in the atmosphere and glacier samples in arid regions of the HTP may be overestimated due to contributions from inorganic carbon in mineral dust. Due to the remote nature of the HTP, carbonaceous matter found in the HTP has generally been transported from outside the HTP (e.g., South Asia), although local HTP emissions may also be important at some sites. This review provides essential data and a synthesis of current thinking for studies on atmospheric transport modeling and radiative forcing of carbonaceous matter in the HTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fangping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; UT School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cenlin He
- Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Susan Kaspari
- Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Departments of Marine and Environmental Science, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Gao Y, Zheng H, Xia Y, Cai M. Global scale distribution, seasonal changes and long-range transport potentiality of endosulfan in the surface seawater and air. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127634. [PMID: 32683032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan I, II, and sulfate were detected in the atmosphere and surface seawater on a global scale during three Chinese National Arctic-Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2016 and 2017. Concentrations of the three species displayed seasonal variations in seawater in the Northern Hemisphere but remained steadily low on Antarctic coasts. Endosulfan sulfate was predominant in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas isomer I was more abundant in the Southern Hemisphere. Endosulfan was detected in the atmosphere over the western Pacific Ocean but rarely in the central Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. Its concentration in seawater increased with increasing latitude in the Southern Ocean. Although fugacity ratios indicate a strong potential for deposition of endosulfan, air-seawater exchange may be slow, as suggested by the large differences between atmospheric and seawater concentrations. Ocean current endosulfan loads varied markedly between seasons. Three-day backward trajectories indicate that Northeast Asia is the major source of atmospheric endosulfan in the western Pacific Ocean, whereas the central Arctic and North Atlantic oceans are affected more by local air masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yinyue Xia
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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18
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Verdier N, Papy JM, Renard JB, Lefevre M, Agrapart C. Enhanced detection and sizing algorithm to improve LOAC optical particle counter performances. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:10892-10901. [PMID: 33361910 DOI: 10.1364/ao.408959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The light optical aerosols counter (LOAC) instrument is an optical aerosol counter that allows atmospheric particles from 0.2 to 50 µm to be individually counted and classified by size. The scattered light due to the interaction between a particle and a laser beam is captured by photodiodes and produces an electric pulse. Detecting these pulses and measuring their amplitude is a key process to measure the particle size. This paper first details the current method to achieve such estimation and proposes a correlation algorithm to improve the detection and the assessment of particle sizes. In the last section, some test results are presented to demonstrate the performance of this new algorithm.
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19
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Jose S, Nair VS, Babu SS. Anthropogenic emissions from South Asia reverses the aerosol indirect effect over the northern Indian Ocean. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18360. [PMID: 33110106 PMCID: PMC7591568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in the formation of warm clouds by acting as efficient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and their interactions are believed to cool the Earth-Atmosphere system (‘first indirect effect or Twomey effect’) in a highly uncertain manner compared to the other forcing agents. Here we demonstrate using long-term (2003–2016) satellite observations (NASA’s A-train satellite constellations) over the northern Indian Ocean, that enhanced aerosol loading (due to anthropogenic emissions) can reverse the first indirect effect significantly. In contrast to Twomey effect, a statistically significant increase in cloud effective radius (CER, µm) is observed with respect to an increase in aerosol loading for clouds having low liquid water path (LWP < 75 g m−2) and drier cloud tops. Probable physical mechanisms for this effect are the intense competition for available water vapour due to higher concentrations of anthropogenic aerosols and entrainment of dry air on cloud tops. For such clouds, cloud water content showed a negative response to cloud droplet number concentrations and the estimated intrinsic radiative effect suggest a warming at the Top of the Atmosphere. Although uncertainties exist in quantifying aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) using satellite observations, present study indicates the physical existence of anti-Twomey effect over the northern Indian Ocean during south Asian outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Jose
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India.
| | - Vijayakumar S Nair
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - S Suresh Babu
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India
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20
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Bikkina P, Bikkina S, Kawamura K, Sudheer AK, Mahesh G, Kumar SK. Evidence for brown carbon absorption over the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon season: a possible oceanic source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1743-1758. [PMID: 32686798 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The near UV-visible light-absorbing organic carbon (OC) of ambient aerosols, referred to here as brown carbon (BrC), significantly influences the atmospheric radiative forcing on both regional and global scales. Here, we documented BrC absorption in the aqueous and methanol extracts of marine aerosols collected over the Bay of Bengal (BoB: September-October 2017) and a city, Visakhapatnam (May-June 2018), in southern India during the southwest monsoon (i.e., a transition period with weak continental impact). The absorption spectra of BrC over the BoB showed several peaks around 300-400 nm and differ from those observed over Visakhapatnam. The absorption coefficient of BrC over the BoB, unlike Visakhapatnam data, does not seem to covary with other chemical proxies of biomass burning (non-sea-salt or nss-K+) and coal combustion (nss-SO42-) in the continental outflows, suggesting a different source of BrC over the BoB. Besides, we observed higher proportions of water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC/OC: 0.89 ± 0.02) and significant enrichment of Mg2+ over Na+ (i.e., relative to seawater) in BoB aerosols. This result and the backward air mass trajectories both hinted their major source of OC from marine-derived organic matter. In contrast, the absorption spectra of BrC over Visakhapatnam are like those from biomass burning emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. This observation is further supported by the satellite-based fire counts and backward air mass trajectories. Therefore, our study underscores the BrC aerosols from the oceanic sources and southern India, hitherto unknown, and can improve our understanding of the regional climate effects of carbonaceous aerosols if included in models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Bikkina
- National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Waltair, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530017, India.
| | - Srinivas Bikkina
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - A K Sudheer
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - G Mahesh
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - S Kuswanth Kumar
- National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Waltair, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530017, India. and University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
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21
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Rastogi N, Agnihotri R, Sawlani R, Patel A, Babu SS, Satish R. Chemical and isotopic characteristics of PM 10 over the Bay of Bengal: Effects of continental outflow on a marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138438. [PMID: 32344250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants transport from South and Southeast Asia can profoundly affect the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). This study presents chemical and stable isotopic composition of PM10 collected at Port Blair Island (11.6°N, 92.7°E) located in the middle of the BoB during the late northeast monsoon (February-April), a period when the BoB receives considerable continental outflow. These samples (n = 50) were analysed for major ions, carbonaceous species, trace metals, and isotopic composition of total C, N, and S components. Mass concentration of PM10 ranged from 24 to 65 μg m-3 during the study period. The dominance of continental inputs over a marine realm was evident by a significant amount of non-sea-salt (nss)-SO42- (range: 1.8 to 16.9 μg m-3), which accounts for ~65% of the total water-soluble inorganic constituents. The impact of anthropogenic emissions was further evident from the widespread depletion of chloride (range: 57-100%, avg.: 98 ± 7%) from sea-salt aerosols. Carbonaceous species (elemental carbon and organic matter) contributed nearly 35% to PM10. Further, average δ13C (-25.6‰ ± 0.5) and δ34S (4.5‰ ± 1.3) values observed over the marine study region were similar to those found in typical urban environments. δ15N values (13.7‰ ± 5.1) show the significant presence of combustion sources along with the effect of atmospheric processing. Aerosol δ13C values correlate positively with the ratio of water-soluble organic carbon to total organic carbon, indicating the aging of organic aerosols during the transport. Chemical and isotopic data suggest that both biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel burning (FFB) contributed to ambient PM10 with relatively more contribution of BB during February to early March and that of FFB during late March to middle of April. In aggregate, this study provides newer insights into sources of carbonaceous species and their chemical processing in MABL of BoB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Agnihotri
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India; Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Sawlani
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Patel
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - S Suresh Babu
- Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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22
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Aswini AR, Hegde P, Aryasree S, Girach IA, Nair PR. Continental outflow of anthropogenic aerosols over Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean during wintertime: ICARB-2018 campaign. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135214. [PMID: 31836221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols over Arabian Sea (AS) and Indian Ocean (IO) have been carried out during the winter period (January to February 2018) as part of the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB-2018). Mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble and insoluble OC (WSOC, WIOC), primary and secondary OC (POC, SOC), water-soluble inorganic ions and trace metals have been estimated with a view to identify and quantify the major anthropogenic pollutants affecting the oceanic environments. Aerosol mass loading was found to exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity (varying from 13 to 84 μg m-3), significantly modulated by the origin of air-mass trajectories. Chemical analysis of aerosols revealed the presence of an intense pollution plume over south-eastern coastal Arabian Sea, near to south-west Indian peninsula (extending from ~ 12°N to 0° at 75°E) with a strong latitudinal gradient (~3 μg m-3/deg. from north to south) dominated by anthropogenic species contributing as high as 73% (38% nss-SO42-, 24.2% carbonaceous aerosols (21% Organic Matter, 3.2% EC) and 10% NH4+). Anthropogenic signature over oceanic environment was also evident from the dominance and high enrichment of elements like Zn, Cu, Mn and Pb in trace metals. Long-range transport of air-masses originating from Indo Gangetic Plains and its outflow regions in Bay of Bengal, has been seen over Arabian Sea during winter, that imparted such strong anthropogenic signatures over this oceanic environment. Comparison with previous cruise studies conducted nearly two decades ago shows a more than two-fold increase in the concentration of nss-SO42-, over the continental outflow region in Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Aswini
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Prashant Hegde
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - S Aryasree
- Institute for applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imran A Girach
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Prabha R Nair
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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23
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Maji S, Beig G, Yadav R. Winter VOCs and OVOCs measured with PTR-MS at an urban site of India: Role of emissions, meteorology and photochemical sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113651. [PMID: 31806461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the outline of air quality studies at metropolitan city, the mixing ratios of seven selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during December 2015 (winter) at an urban site of Pune. The measurement of VOCs was conducted using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS). The study represents daily variability of ambient VOCs and their various associated emission sources. Diurnal profiles have differed from one VOC to another as the result of their different origins and the influence of different meteorological parameters (i.e. solar radiation, temperature) and planetary boundary layer height (PBL-H). The hourly mixing ratios of Oxygenated-VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics were in the ranges of 0.6-29 ppbv and 0.13-14 ppbv, respectively with OVOCs accounted for up to 75% of total measured VOCs. The role of long-range transport from the clear Thar Desert and polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was observed during the episodes of 1-15 and 17-31 December 2015, respectively. VOCs showed the strong diurnal variations with peaks during morning and evening hours and lowest in the afternoon. In the evening period, high levels of aromatics coincided with the lowest OVOCs suggests the role of fresh vehicular emissions. Emission ratios of various VOCs as a function of temperature showed the role of different sources including the biogenic and photochemical production as well as the anthropogenic sources, respectively. The higher emission ratio of Δmethanol/Δacetonitrile at the study site suggests the long range transport of biomass burning plumes from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the 17-31, Dec. 2015. In addition to the pattern of emission, the diurnal and day-to-day variations of VOCs were influenced by the local meteorological conditions and depth of planetary boundary layer (PBL-H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Maji
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India.
| | - Gufran Beig
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India.
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Adhikari S, Mahapatra PS, Pokheral CP, Puppala SP. Cookstove Smoke Impact on Ambient Air Quality and Probable Consequences for Human Health in Rural Locations of Southern Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E550. [PMID: 31952226 PMCID: PMC7014065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Residential emission from traditional biomass cookstoves is a major source of indoor and outdoor air pollution in developing countries. However, exact quantification of the contribution of biomass cookstove emissions to outdoor air is still lacking. In order to address this gap, we designed a field study to estimate the emission factors of PM2.5 (particulate matter of less than 2.5 µ diameter) and BC (black carbon) indoors, from cookstove smoke using biomass fuel and with smoke escaping outdoors from the roof of the house. The field study was conducted in four randomly selected households in two rural locations of southern Nepal during April 2017. In addition, real-time measurement of ambient PM2.5 was performed for 20 days during the campaign in those two rural sites and one background location to quantify the contribution of cooking-related emissions to the ambient PM2.5. Emission factor estimates indicate that 66% of PM2.5 and 80% of BC emissions from biomass cookstoves directly escape into ambient air. During the cooking period, ambient PM2.5 concentrations in the rural sites were observed to be 37% higher than in the nearby background location. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO)'s AirQ+ model simulation, this 37% rise in ambient PM2.5 during cooking hours can lead to approximately 82 cases of annual premature deaths among the rural population of Chitwan district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Adhikari
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), G.P.O. Box 3226, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal; (S.A.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Parth Sarathi Mahapatra
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), G.P.O. Box 3226, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal; (S.A.); (P.S.M.)
| | | | - Siva Praveen Puppala
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), G.P.O. Box 3226, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal; (S.A.); (P.S.M.)
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Wang Z, Tao Z, Liu D, Xie C, Wang Y. A New Method for a Side-Scattering Lidar to Retrieve the Aerosol Backscattering Coefficient. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023708001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The side-scattering lidar based on the CCD camera is a powerful tool to measure the near- ground aerosol, which is most interesting for the environmental and meteorological departments. The inversion method for the side-scattering lidar is different from the conventional Fernald method due to the differences in two lidar equations. A new inversion method for the side-scattering lidar to retrieve the aerosol backscattering coefficient is proposed for the first time, which is based on the aerosol backscattering coefficient at the ground as a restriction condition. Numerical simulation is used to analyze the convergence of this new method. Case studies indicate that this new method is reasonable and feasible.REFERENCES
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Cereceda-Balic F, Gorena T, Soto C, Vidal V, Lapuerta M, Moosmüller H. Optical determination of black carbon mass concentrations in snow samples: A new analytical method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:133934. [PMID: 31476508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosols in the atmosphere strongly affect direct radiative forcing and climate, not only while suspended in the atmosphere but also after deposition onto high albedo surfaces. Snow surfaces are especially sensitive to BC deposition, because of their high surface albedo and additional positive feedbacks further enhance faster snowpack melting caused by BC deposition, resulting in modifications in water resources and recession of glaciers. For the analysis of BC deposition on snow, a precise quantification of BC mass is needed. Instead, optical methods have the potential of quantifying only BC, based on its characteristic spectral absorption. Commercial optical transmissometers commonly use quartz filters to filter BC and measure its optical attenuation. They are calibrated for the determination of BC mass concentrations in air, but not adapted or calibrated for their determination in water or snowmelt samples. Additionally, they are generally calibrated using BC-simulating materials that are not representative of ambient BC particles. Here, a new analytical method is demonstrated for the quantitative determination of BC mass concentration in snow samples that considers filtering of melted snow with polycarbonate filters in a new device, and optical filter attenuation BC mass concentration measurement (880 nm). The attenuation can be obtained with any optical equipment that can measure the 880-nm attenuation of filters impacted with BC/snow impurities. This method has been calibrated using real diesel vehicle exhaust soot with well-known optical properties as reference material, yielding a multipoint calibration curve for common BC concentration levels in snow. The limits of detection (0.011 mg of BC), quantification (0.036 mg of BC) and reproducibility (96.39%) of this new analytical method have been determined. Real surface snow samples collected at different locations in "Los Andes" mountains of Chile were measured with this method given a BC concentrations ranged from 151 to 5987 μg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cereceda-Balic
- Centre for Environmental Technologies, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Tamara Gorena
- Centre for Environmental Technologies, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila Soto
- Centre for Environmental Technologies, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Victor Vidal
- Centre for Environmental Technologies, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Magín Lapuerta
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Hans Moosmüller
- Laboratory for Aerosol Science, Spectroscopy, and Optics, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
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Hakkim H, Sinha V, Chandra BP, Kumar A, Mishra AK, Sinha B, Sharma G, Pawar H, Sohpaul B, Ghude SD, Pithani P, Kulkarni R, Jenamani RK, Rajeevan M. Volatile organic compound measurements point to fog-induced biomass burning feedback to air quality in the megacity of Delhi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:295-304. [PMID: 31276997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the first ambient measurements of thirteen VOCs for investigations of emissions and air quality during fog and non-fog wintertime conditions at a tower site (28.57° N, 77.11° E, 220 m amsl) in the megacity of Delhi. Measurements of acetonitrile (biomass burning (BB) tracer), isoprene (biogenic emission tracer in daytime), toluene (a traffic exhaust tracer) and benzene (emitted from BB and traffic), together with soluble and reactive oxygenated VOCs such as methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde were performed during the winters of 2015-16 and 2016-17, using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Remarkably, ambient VOC composition changes during fog were not governed by solubility. Acetaldehyde, toluene, sum of C8-aromatics (e.g. xylenes), sum of C9-aromatics (e.g. trimethyl benzenes) decreased by ≥30% (>95% confidence interval), whereas acetonitrile and benzene showed significant increases by 20% (>70% confidence interval), even after accounting for boundary layer dilution. During fog, the lower temperatures appeared to induce an emissions feedback from enhanced open BB within Delhi for warming, releasing both gaseous and aerosol pollutants with consequences for fog chemistry, sustenance and intensity. The potential feedback is important to consider for improving current emission parametrizations in models used for predicting air quality and fog in such atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hakkim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - V Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - B P Chandra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - G Sharma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - H Pawar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - B Sohpaul
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sachin D Ghude
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - P Pithani
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - R Kulkarni
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - R K Jenamani
- Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - M Rajeevan
- Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi 110003, India
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Burgos MA, Andrews E, Titos G, Alados-Arboledas L, Baltensperger U, Day D, Jefferson A, Kalivitis N, Mihalopoulos N, Sherman J, Sun J, Weingartner E, Zieger P. A global view on the effect of water uptake on aerosol particle light scattering. Sci Data 2019; 6:157. [PMID: 31439840 PMCID: PMC6706437 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A reference dataset of multi-wavelength particle light scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficients for different relative humidities (RH) between RH = 30 and 95% and wavelengths between λ = 450 nm and 700 nm is described in this work. Tandem-humidified nephelometer measurements from 26 ground-based sites around the globe, covering multiple aerosol types, have been re-analysed and harmonized into a single dataset. The dataset includes multi-annual measurements from long-term monitoring sites as well as short-term field campaign data. The result is a unique collection of RH-dependent aerosol light scattering properties, presented as a function of size cut. This dataset is important for climate and atmospheric model-measurement inter-comparisons, as a means to improve model performance, and may be useful for satellite and remote sensing evaluation using surface-based, in-situ measurements. Design Type(s) | spectral data collection and processing objective • data integration objective • time series design | Measurement Type(s) | light scattering | Technology Type(s) | Nephelometry | Factor Type(s) | geographic location • instrument • Environment • temporal_interval | Sample Characteristic(s) | United States of America • climate system • Canada • The Netherlands • Greece • Germany • Portuguese Republic • South Korea • China • United Kingdom • Finland • Switzerland • Maldives Archipelago • Brazil • Republic of Ireland • Niger • India • Kingdom of Spain • Kingdom of Norway |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Burgos
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Andrews
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Gloria Titos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Derek Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Anne Jefferson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.,Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nikos Kalivitis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - James Sherman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, USA
| | - Junying Sun
- Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ernest Weingartner
- Institute for Sensing and Electronics, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Paul Zieger
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bikkina S, Sarin M. Brown carbon in the continental outflow to the North Indian Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:970-987. [PMID: 31089643 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesize the size distribution and optical properties of the atmospheric water-soluble fraction of light-absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon; BrC) in the continental outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in South Asia to the North Indian Ocean. A comparison of the mass absorption coefficient of water-soluble BrC (babs-WSBrC-365nm) in PM2.5 with that in PM10 sampled over the Bay of Bengal reveals the dominance of BrC in fine mode. Furthermore, the babs-BrC-365nm shows a significant linear relationship with mass concentrations of airborne particulate matter, water-soluble organic carbon and non-sea-salt-K+ in the continental outflow from the IGP. This observation emphasizes the ubiquitous nature and significant contribution of water-soluble BrC from biomass burning emissions (BBEs). Comparing the absorption properties from this study with global datasets, it is discernible that BBEs dominate BrC absorption. Furthermore, the imaginary refractive index of water-soluble BrC (kWSBrC-365nm) in marine aerosols sampled over the North Indian Ocean during November is significantly higher than during December to January. Thus, significant temporal variability is associated with crop-residue burning emissions in the IGP on the composition of BrC over the North Indian Ocean. Our estimates show that the babs-WSBrC-365nm and kWSBrC-365nm from post-harvest crop-residue burning emissions in the IGP are much higher than the BBEs from the southeastern United States and Amazonian forest fires. Another major finding of this study is the lack of significant relationship between kWSBrC-365nm and the mass ratio of elemental carbon to particulate organic matter, as previously suggested by chamber experiments to model varying BrC absorption properties in ambient aerosols. Therefore, considerable spatio-temporal variability prevails among emission sources (wood burning vs. crop-residue burning), which needs to be considered when assessing the regional radiative forcing of BrC relative to major absorbing elemental carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Bikkina
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad-380 009, India.
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30
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Ren S, Qin Q, Ren H. Contrasting wheat phenological responses to climate change in global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:620-631. [PMID: 30776634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of how wheat phenology responds to environmental factors in global scale is helpful for tackling the possible adverse effects of ongoing climate change on wheat production. In this study, six phenological parameters of global wheat, i.e., the growing season start (SGS), peak (PGS), end (EGS), length (LGS), as well as the vegetative period length (LVP) and reproductive period length (LRP), were retrieved from remote sensing data (1981-2014) by threshold-, logistic-, and shape-based methods. And then, we analyzed the effects of temperature, precipitation, short-wave (SW) radiation, and frost on spatiotemporal patterns of wheat phenology. In addition, haze impacts on wheat phenology were investigated in China and India where haze weather appears frequently in winter-spring seasons. Results showed that the occurrence time of SGS/PGS/EGS is gradually advanced from the pole to the equator and annual mean air temperature can explain >70% of their spatial variations. A dominant advanced SGS/PGS/EGS and a shortened LGS/LVP/LRP were detected in the study region due to the significant increase in temperature and SW radiation, as well as the decrease in frost days. Interannual fluctuations of SGS/PGS/EGS are primarily controlled by air temperature, while precipitation and frost only exerted some obvious impacts in some locations. Higher preseason temperature would induce an earlier wheat phenology and a shorter growing season, while adequate precipitation and frequent frost in preseason could delay the occurrence timing of wheat phenology and lead to a longer growing season. Besides, the decreased temperature resulted from severe haze weather may have partly counteracted the global-warming-induced advancing trend of wheat phenology in China, but further advanced the occurrence timing of wheat phenology through prompting vernalization in India. Overall, though wheat growth is largely constrained by human management, we still highlight the strong impacts of global climate change on wheat phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Ren
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Qiming Qin
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Xu R, Tie X, Li G, Zhao S, Cao J, Feng T, Long X. Effect of biomass burning on black carbon (BC) in South Asia and Tibetan Plateau: The analysis of WRF-Chem modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:901-912. [PMID: 30032086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of biomass burning (BB) from South Asia and Southeast Asia on the glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau. The seasonality and long-term trend of biomass fires measured by Terra and Aqua satellite data from 2010 to 2016 are used in this study. The analysis shows that the biomass burnings were widely dispersed in the continental of Indian and Southeast Asia and existed a strong seasonal variation. The biomass burnings in winter (January) were relatively weak and scattered and were significantly enhanced in spring (April). The highest biomass burnings located in two regions. One was along the foothill of Himalayas, where is a dense population area, and the second located in Southeast Asia. Because these two high biomass burning regions are close to the Tibetan Plateau, they could have important effects on the BC deposition over the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau. In order to study the effect of BB emissions on the deposition over the glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau, a regional chemical model (WRF-Chem; Weather Research and Forecasting Chemical model) was applied to simulate the BC distributions and the transport from BB emission regions to the glaciers in Tibetan Plateau. The result shows that in winter (January), due to the relatively weak BB emissions, the effect of BB emissions on BC concentrations was not significant. The BC concentrations resulted from BB emissions ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 μg/m3, with high concentrations distributed along the foothill of Himalayas and the southeastern Asia region. Due to the relative low BC concentrations, there was insignificant effect of BB emissions on the deposition over the glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau in winter. However, the BB emissions were highest in spring (April), producing high BC concentrations. For example, along the Himalayas Mountain and in the southeastern Asia region, The BC concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 μg/m3. In addition to the high BC concentrations, there were also west and south prevailing winds in these regions. As a result, the BC particles were transported to the glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau, causing significant deposition of BC particles on the snow surface of the glaciers. This study suggests that the biomass burning emissions have important effects on the BC deposition over the glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau, and the contaminations of glaciers could have significant impact on the melting of snow in the Tibetan Plateau, causing some severe environmental problems, such as the water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguang Xu
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Xi'an Chan-Ba Ecological District(CBE) Management Committee, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Guohui Li
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shuyu Zhao
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xin Long
- State Kay Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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Climate Data Records from Meteosat First Generation Part I: Simulation of Accurate Top-of-Atmosphere Spectral Radiance over Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites for the Retrieval of the In-Flight Visible Spectral Response. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meteosat First-Generation satellites have acquired more than 30 years of observations that could potentially be used for the generation of a Climate Data Record. The availability of harmonized and accurate a Fundamental Climate Data Record is a prerequisite to such generation. Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager radiometers suffer from inaccurate pre-launch spectral function characterization and spectral ageing constitutes a serious limitation to achieve such prerequisite. A new method was developed for the retrieval of the pre-launch instrument spectral function and its ageing. This recovery method relies on accurately simulated top-of-atmosphere spectral radiances matching observed digital count values. This paper describes how these spectral radiances are simulated over pseudo-invariant targets such as open ocean, deep convective clouds and bright desert surface. The radiative properties of these targets are described with a limited number of parameters of known uncertainty. Typically, a single top-of-atmosphere radiance spectrum can be simulated with an estimated uncertainty of about 5%. The independent evaluation of the simulated radiance accuracy is also addressed in this paper. It includes two aspects: the comparison with narrow-band well-calibrated radiometers and a spectral consistency analysis using SEVIRI/HRVIS band on board Meteosat Second Generation which was accurately characterized pre-launch. On average, the accuracy of these simulated spectral radiances is estimated to be about ±2%.
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33
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Exploration of structural, thermal and spectroscopic properties of self-activated sulfate Eu2(SO4)3 with isolated SO4 groups. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mohan MP, D'Souza RS, Rashmi Nayak S, Kamath SS, Shetty T, Sudeep Kumara K, Yashodhara I, Mayya YS, Karunakara N. A study of temporal variations of 7Be and 210Pb concentrations and their correlations with rainfall and other parameters in the South West Coast of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:194-207. [PMID: 29982004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a part of establishing a regional database on natural radioactivity, the atmospheric concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be were measured over a three and half year period (2014-2017) in Mangalore and Kaiga in the South West Coast of India. A total of 99 air samples, collected in the different months of the year, were analysed in this study. The mean activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb were found to be 5.5 ± 3.1 mBq m-3 and 1.1 ± 0.73 mBq m-3, respectively. Both the radionuclides exhibited strong seasonal variations, with maximum concentration of 7Be occurring in the summer and that of 210Pb in the winter season. The concentration of both the radionuclides was minimum in the rainy season. Higher 210Pb concentration during winter was attributed to the ingression of continental air masses due to the wind regime from the North East. The sunspot number index of the solar activity also plays an important role in the increase and decrease of 7Be concentration in the air. A clear trend of increased and lowered concentration of 7Be with lower and higher solar activity (low and high sunspot number), respectively, in accordance with the 11-year solar cycle, was observed in this study. The temporal variation of PM10 concentration was also studied and it showed maximum value in the winter and minimum in the rainy season with an average of 56.9 μg m-3. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the PM10 and 210Pb activity concentration, whereas a weak correlation was observed between PM10 and 7Be. This is due to the fact that 7Be is largely associated with sub-micrometer size particles, whereas PM10 is contributed by larger sizes. The dependence of the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb with meteorological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, and humidity was studied through linear regression analysis. A significant correlation was observed between 7Be and 210Pb concentrations with rainfall intensity (with identical correlation coefficients), which suggested that the removal mechanisms of these two radionuclides were similar. 7Be showed a strong correlation with temperature, whereas 210Pb with humidity. A comparison of the data obtained in the present study for the South West Coast of India with the global literature values of 7Be and 210Pb in aerosols showed that the values did not reflect the well-known latitudinal dependence of the 7Be tropospheric fluxes. Overall, the study provides an improved understanding of the correlation and variability of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in the atmosphere in the South West Coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Mohan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Srinivas S Kamath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Trilochana Shetty
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - I Yashodhara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Y S Mayya
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India.
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Kabir F, Yu N, Yao W, Wu L, Jiang JH, Gu Y, Su H. Impact of aerosols on reservoir inflow: A case study for Big Creek Hydroelectric System in California. HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 2018; 32:3365-3390. [PMID: 31073260 PMCID: PMC6501612 DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and reliable reservoir inflow forecast is instrumental to the efficient operation of the hydroelectric power systems. It has been discovered that natural and anthropogenic aerosols have a great influence on meteorological variables such as temperature, snow water equivalent, and precipitation, which in turn impact the reservoir inflow. Therefore, it is imperative for us to quantify the impact of aerosols on reservoir inflow and to incorporate the aerosol models into future reservoir inflow forecasting models. In this paper, a comprehensive framework was developed to quantify the impact of aerosols on reservoir inflow by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and a dynamic regression model. The statistical dynamic regression model produces forecasts for reservoir inflow based on the meteorological output variables from the WRF-Chem model. The case study was performed on the Florence Lake and Lake Thomas Alva Edison of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project in the San Joaquin Region. The simulation results show that the presence of aerosols results in a significant reduction of annual reservoir inflow by 4-14%. In the summer, aerosols reduce precipitation, snow water equivalent, and snowmelt that leads to a reduction in inflow by 11-26%. In the spring, aerosols increase temperature and snowmelt which leads to an increase in inflow by 0.6-2%. Aerosols significantly reduce the amount of inflow in the summer when the marginal value of water is extremely high and slightly increase the inflow in the spring when the run-off risk is high. In summary, the presence of aerosols is detrimental to the optimal utilization of hydroelectric power systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kabir
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Nanpeng Yu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Weixin Yao
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Longtao Wu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Jonathan H. Jiang
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Yu Gu
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Su
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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Liu Y, Li S, Sun C, Qi M, Yu X, Zhao W, Li X. Pollution Level and Health Risk Assessment of PM 2.5-Bound Metals in Baoding City Before and After the Heating Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2286. [PMID: 30340357 PMCID: PMC6210169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the pollution levels and health risks of PM2.5-bound metals in Baoding City before and after the heating period, samples were collected in 2016 at Hebei University from September 25th to November 14th during the non-heating period, and November 15th to December 26th during the heating period, respectively. ICP-MS was applied to analyze seven heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and Fe). The statistical analysis, enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index method, and Risk Assessment Method proposed by U.S. EPA were used to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risks of six of these heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd) and carcinogenic risks of three of these heavy metals (Cr, Ni and Cd). The results showed three main results. First, the average daily PM2.5 concentrations of the national air monitoring stations was 155.66 μg·m-3 which was 2.08 times as high as that of the second level criterion in China (75 μg·m-3) during the observation period. Compared with the non-heating period, all heavy metals concentrations increased during heating period. The growth rates of Pb and Ni were the highest and the lowest, which were 88.03 and 5.11 percent, respectively. Second, the results of enrichment factor indicated that the EF values of all heavy metals were higher during the heating period in comparison with during the non-heating period, but the degree of enrichment of all heavy metals remained unchanged. Not only those, Cr and Ni were minimally enriched and were affected by both human and natural factors, Pb, Cu and Zn were significantly enriched and were mainly affected by human factors, the enrichment of Cd was much higher than that of the other heavy metals, exhibiting extremely high enrichment, mainly due to human factors during the whole sampling period. The results of the pollution load index indicated that the proportions of the number of highly and very highly polluted PM2.5-bound metals were the highest during the heating period, while the proportion of moderately polluted PM2.5-bound metals was the highest during the non-heating period. The combined pollution degree of heavy metals was more serious during the heating period. Third, according to the health risk assessment model, we concluded that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks caused by inhalation exposure were the highest and by dermal exposure were the lowest for all kinds of people. The overall non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals via inhalation and subsequent ingestion exposure caused significant harm to children during the non-heating and the heating periods, and the risk values were 2.64, 4.47, 1.20 and 1.47, respectively. Pb and Cr exhibited the biggest contributions to the non-carcinogenic risk. All the above non-carcinogenic risks exceeded the standard limits suggested by EPA (HI or HQ < 1). The carcinogenic risk via inhalation exposure to children, adult men and women were 2.10 × 10-4, 1.80 × 10-4, and 1.03 × 10-4 during the non-heating period, respectively, and 2.52 × 10-4, 2.16 × 10-4 and 1.23 × 10-4 during the heating period, respectively. All the above carcinogenic risks exceeded the threshold ranges (10-6~10-4), and Cr posed a carcinogenic risk to all people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Chunyuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling, Beijing 100048, China.
- Monitoring Center of Beijing Water Environment, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Mengxi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xue Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Wenji Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiaoxiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling, Beijing 100048, China.
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Development of a Regression Model for Estimating Daily Radiative Forcing Due to Atmospheric Aerosols from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometers (MODIS) Data in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP). ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of direct radiative forcing due to atmospheric aerosols (ADRF) in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), which is a food basket of south Asia, is important for measuring the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial ecosystem and for assessing the effect of aerosols on crop production in the region. Existing comprehensive analytical models to estimate ADRF require a large number of input parameters and high processing time. In this context, here, we develop a simple model to estimate daily ADRF at any location on the surface of the IGP through multiple regressions of AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) and atmospheric water vapour using data from 2002 to 2015 at 10 stations in the IGP. The goodness of fit of the model is indicated by an adjusted R2 value of 0.834. The Jackknife method of deleting one group (station data) was employed to cross validate and study the stability of the regression model. It was found to be robust with an adjusted R2 fluctuating between 0.813 and 0.842. In order to use the year-round ADRF model for locations beyond the AERONET stations in the IGP, AOD, and atmospheric water vapour products from MODIS Aqua and Terra were compared against AERONET station data and they were found to be similar. Using MODIS Aqua and Terra products as input, the year-round ADRF regression was evaluated at the IGP AERONET stations and found to perform well with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.66 and 0.65, respectively. Using ADRF regression model with MODIS inputs allows for the estimation of ADRF across the IGP for assessing the aerosol impact on ecosystem and crop production.
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Characterization of In Situ Aerosol Optical Properties at Three Observatories in the Central Mediterranean. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, results of scattering and backscattering coefficients, scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), single scattering albedo (SSA), and asymmetry parameter (g) of atmospheric aerosols are presented. All these parameters were measured during the month of April 2016 in Southern Italy on three different Global Atmosphere Watch observatories in the Central Mediterranean. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that optical aerosol properties were studied at the same time, even if in a brief intensive measurement campaign, at three sites in the South of Italy. In order to obtain a characteristic value for aerosol optical properties, different kinds of particle sources (i.e., dust, marine, and anthropic) have been identified and studied. In the measurement period, one event of a long-range transport of Saharan dust from Northern Africa was observed at all observatories. During the Saharan dust transport event, a minimum value of the SAE (0.69 ± 0.34) and a relatively higher values of SSA were observed. During the dust event, g increased up to 0.69. Marine aerosol contribution and anthropic/urban aerosol intrusion were analysed. From this analysis, SAE average values were 0.70, 0.84, and 1.22, respectively, for dust, marine, and anthropic particles. On the other hand, the SSA minimum value was 0.86 for anthropic particles, and it increased for dust (0.88) and marine (0.93) aerosols. The asymmetry parameter had a limited variability for the three types of aerosol from 0.62 to 0.58, as reported also in literature.
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Vachaspati CV, Begam GR, Ahammed YN, Kumar KR, Mandel TK, Gopal KR, Reddy RR. Investigation on spatiotemporal distribution of aerosol optical properties over two oceanic regions surrounding Indian subcontinent during summer monsoon season. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27039-27058. [PMID: 30019132 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Columnar spectral aerosol optical depths (AODs) and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) concentrations were collected on board the Oceanographic Research Vessel (ORV) of Sagar Kanya (SK) during 7-21 June 2014 (SK-313) and 31 July-14 August 2015 (SK-323) over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB), respectively, for the two successive years during summer monsoon season. AOD measured at 500 nm (AOD500) varied significantly from 0.08 to 0.66 (0.07 to 0.60), with a mean of 0.48 ± 0.13 (0.34 ± 0.13) over the BoB (AS) during SK-313 (SK-323). It simply implies that aerosol load was higher over BoB, not variability as the standard deviations of AOD over both oceans are identical (0.13). Daily AOD500 ranged between 0.15 and 0.60 accounted for 70-75% of the total occurrences over two oceanic regions. Mean Ångström exponent (α or alpha) and Ångström turbidity coefficient (β or beta) were found to be 0.43 ± 0.17 (0.39 ± 0.19) and 0.37 ± 0.15 (0.27 ± 0.13), respectively, which are higher over the AS during SK-323 (SK-313) that indicate predominance of coarse-relative to fine-mode particles. On the other hand, the spectral curvature and second derivative of alpha (α') also showed significant contribution of coarse-mode particles over fine during the two campaigns. Further, column aerosol size distribution (CSD) derived from the King's inversion also exhibited bimodal distribution with a predominant peak observed in the coarse mode (~1.0 μm) compared to the fine mode at a geometric mean radius at ~0.1 μm over two oceans. The observed data showed that the two marine regions are significantly influenced by various types of aerosols with a predominance of mixed type (MT) of aerosols. From the morphological study, it is inferred that the particles are a flake, spherical, irregular, and in flower and aggregated shapes conducted for the TSPM samples collected during SK-323 over the AS. Finally, the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is used to study the impact of long-distance transported aerosols and identify their sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurramkonda Reshma Begam
- Department of Physics, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam-IIIT Ongole (IIIT-Ongole), Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, 516 330, India
| | - Yadiki Nazeer Ahammed
- Atmospheric Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, 516 003, India.
| | - Kanike Raghavendra Kumar
- Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tuhin Kumar Mandel
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishna Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Kotalo Rama Gopal
- Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Rajuru Ramakrishna Reddy
- Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
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Pani SK, Lin NH, Chantara S, Wang SH, Khamkaew C, Prapamontol T, Janjai S. Radiative response of biomass-burning aerosols over an urban atmosphere in northern peninsular Southeast Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:892-911. [PMID: 29602124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A large concentration of finer particulate matter (PM2.5), the primary air-quality concern in northern peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), is believed to be closely related to large amounts of biomass burning (BB) particularly in the dry season. In order to quantitatively estimate the contributions of BB to aerosol radiative effects, we thoroughly investigated the physical, chemical, and optical properties of BB aerosols through the integration of ground-based measurements, satellite retrievals, and modelling tools during the Seven South East Asian Studies/Biomass-burning Aerosols & Stratocumulus Environment: Lifecycles & Interactions Experiment (7-SEAS/BASELInE) campaign in 2014. Clusters were made on the basis of measured BB tracers (Levoglucosan, nss-K+, and NO3-) to classify the degree of influence from BB over an urban atmosphere, viz., Chiang Mai (18.795°N, 98.957°E, 354m.s.l.), Thailand in northern PSEA. Cluster-wise contributions of BB to PM2.5, organic carbon, and elemental carbon were found to be 54-79%, 42-79%, and 39-77%, respectively. Moreover, the cluster-wise aerosol optical index (aerosol optical depth at 500nm≈0.98-2.45), absorption (single scattering albedo ≈0.87-0.85; absorption aerosol optical depth ≈0.15-0.38 at 440nm; absorption Ångström exponent ≈1.43-1.57), and radiative impacts (atmospheric heating rate ≈1.4-3.6Kd-1) displayed consistency with the degree of BB. PM2.5 during Extreme BB (EBB) was ≈4 times higher than during Low BB (LBB), whereas this factor was ≈2.5 for the magnitude of radiative effects. Severe haze (visibility≈4km) due to substantial BB loadings (BB to PM2.5≈79%) with favorable meteorology can significantly impact the local-to-regional air quality and the, daily life of local inhabitants as well as become a respiratory health threat. Additionally, such enhancements in atmospheric heating could potentially influence the regional hydrological cycle and crop productivity over Chiang Mai in northern PSEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kumar Pani
- Cloud and Aerosol Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Cloud and Aerosol Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Wang
- Cloud and Aerosol Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chanakarn Khamkaew
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Serm Janjai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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41
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Priyadharshini B, Verma S, Giles DM, Holben BN. Discerning the pre-monsoon urban atmosphere aerosol characteristic and its potential source type remotely sensed by AERONET over the Bengal Gangetic plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22163-22179. [PMID: 29804246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the pre-monsoon urban atmosphere (UA) aerosol characteristics remotely sensed by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) over the Bengal Gangetic plain (BGP) at Kolkata (KOL) and their implication in potential source types and spatiotemporal features. About 70% of the AERONET-sensed aerosol optical depth at 0.50 μ m, AOD0.5 (Angstrom exponent, α at 0.44-0.87 μ m) during the pre-monsoon period (February to June) was greater than 0.50 (≤ 1); the pre-monsoon mean of AOD0.5 (α) was 0.73 (0.83) which was found being slightly higher (lower) than nearby AERONET stations (Dhaka/Bhola) located over the eastern Ganges basin. The volume geometric mean radius for the fine mode (FM) (coarse mode, CM) UA aerosol from AERONET retrievals was estimated to be 0.14-0.17 (2.24-2.75) μ m. The spectral distribution of the monthly mean of UA aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) exhibited an increasing trend with an increase in wavelength throughout all wavelengths during April, unlike the rest of the pre-monsoon months. Investigation of aerosol types indicated the pre-dominance of dust during April and a mixture of urban/open burning with mixed desert dust during the rest of the pre-monsoon months. Potential aerosol source fields were identified over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), east coast, northwestern India, and oceanic regions; these were estimated at elevated layers of atmosphere during April and May but that at surface layers during February and June. Comparison of aerosol characteristics over the BGP (at Kolkata, KOL) with that at six other coincident AERONET sites over India revealed mean AOD at KOL being 11 to 91% higher than the rest of the AERONET stations, with the relative increase at KOL being the highest during March; this was attributed to persistent high values of both FM and CM AOD unlike the rest of the stations. The monthly mean of SSA was the lowest at KOL among AERONET stations, during February and March. Comparison of the AOD from the AERONET aerosol retrievals over the BGP UA with the coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) latest retrievals (C005 and C006) indicated a moderate correlation between the two retrievals; discrepancy in MODIS-retrieved relative distribution of FM and CM AOD was inferred compared to AERONET in the UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Priyadharshini
- Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shubha Verma
- Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - David M Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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42
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Lelieveld J, Bourtsoukidis E, Brühl C, Fischer H, Fuchs H, Harder H, Hofzumahaus A, Holland F, Marno D, Neumaier M, Pozzer A, Schlager H, Williams J, Zahn A, Ziereis H. The South Asian monsoon-pollution pump and purifier. Science 2018; 361:270-273. [PMID: 29903882 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is growing fastest in monsoon-affected South Asia. During the dry winter monsoon, the fumes disperse toward the Indian Ocean, creating a vast pollution haze, but their fate during the wet summer monsoon has been unclear. We performed atmospheric chemistry measurements by aircraft in the Oxidation Mechanism Observations campaign, sampling the summer monsoon outflow in the upper troposphere between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. The measurements, supported by model calculations, show that the monsoon sustains a remarkably efficient cleansing mechanism by which contaminants are rapidly oxidized and deposited to Earth's surface. However, some pollutants are lofted above the monsoon clouds and chemically processed in a reactive reservoir before being redistributed globally, including to the stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany. .,The Cyprus Institute, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - C Brühl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Fuchs
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - H Harder
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hofzumahaus
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Holland
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Marno
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Neumaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Pozzer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Schlager
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Germany Aerospace Center, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,The Cyprus Institute, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Zahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Ziereis
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Germany Aerospace Center, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
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43
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Gu X, Bao F, Cheng T, Chen H, Wang Y, Guo H. The impacts of regional transport and meteorological factors on aerosol optical depth over Beijing, 1980-2014. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5113. [PMID: 29572491 PMCID: PMC5865206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of different sources that contribute to the aerosol extinction coefficient is an important aspect toward analyzing climate change and regional air quality. In Beijing specifically, the region has suffered severe air quality deterioration over the past three decades, but the magnitude of extraneous contributions to aerosol variation has remained uncertain. Therefore, we estimated trends of contributions to aerosol optical depth (AOD) for Beijing from 1980 to 2014 and built a seasonal regression model to decouple the extraneous contribution from the total emitted using ground-based aerosol and meteorological measurements, extended to the emissions of man-made and natural contribution. The variation of AOD over Beijing was significantly affected by the anthropogenic aerosol emissions, which experienced slight augmentation by 15.3% from 1980 to 2000, rapid inflation by 36.9% from 2000 to 2006, and a gradual decrease by 10.0% from 2006 to 2014. The extraneous contribution from wind and its associated languishing patterns explain the historical increase of regional AOD, which experienced about a 10% enhancement over the three stages. Other meteorological contributions show no significant trends over 35 years, except for the temperature inversion, which despite the weakened hygroscopic growth after 2006, still experiences a significant enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fangwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianhai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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44
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Rajput P, Singh DK, Singh AK, Gupta T. Chemical composition and source-apportionment of sub-micron particles during wintertime over Northern India: New insights on influence of fog-processing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:81-91. [PMID: 29055838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was carried out from central part of Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP; at Kanpur) to understand abundance, temporal variability, processes (secondary formation and fog-processing) and source-apportionment of PM1-bound species (PM1: particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm) during wintertime. A total of 50 PM1 samples were collected of which 33 samples represent submicron aerosol characteristics under non-foggy condition whereas 17 samples represent characteristics under thick foggy condition. PM1 mass concentration during non-foggy episodes varied from 24-393 (Avg.: 247) μg m-3, whereas during foggy condition it ranged from 42-243 (Avg.: 107) μg m-3. With respect to non-foggy condition, the foggy conditions were associated with higher contribution of PM1-bound organic matter (OM, by 23%). However, lower fractional contribution of SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ during foggy conditions is attributable to wet-scavenging owing to their high affinity to water. Significant influence of fog-processing on organic aerosols composition is also reflected by co-enhancement in OC/EC and WSOC/OC ratio during foggy condition. A reduction by 5% in mineral dust fraction under foggy condition is associated with a parallel decrease in PM1 mass concentration. However, mass fraction of elemental carbon (EC) looks quite similar (≈3% of PM1) but the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC is higher by 30% during foggy episodes. Thus, it is evident from this study that fog-processing leads to quite significant enhancement in OM (23%) contribution (and MAE of EC) with nearly equal and parallel decrease in SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ and mineral dust fractions (totaling to 24%). Characteristic features of mineral dust remain similar under foggy and non-foggy conditions; inferred from similar ratios of Fe/Al (≈0.3), Ca/Al (0.35) and Mg/Al (0.22). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) resolves seven sources: biomass burning (19.4%), coal combustion (1.1%), vehicular emission (3%), industrial activities (6.1%), leather tanneries (4%), secondary transformations (46.2%) and mineral dust (20.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rajput
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India.
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Zhang Y, Jia Y, Hou L. Synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 on polyester fiber for PM2.5 removal. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31471-31477. [PMID: 35548212 PMCID: PMC9085616 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was introduced on the surface of fibers of a non-woven fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The phase structure, morphology, textural properties and chemical structure were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen (N2) adsorption analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD, SEM and FTIR results indicated that ZIF-8 had been successfully coated on the PET fibers. N2 adsorption analyses suggested that addition of ZIF-8 significantly increased the specific surface and micropore volume of composites. The PM2.5 removal experiment showed the filtration efficiency of ZIF-8/PET was twice as high as that of pure PET. Meanwhile, ZIF-8/PET also displayed a low pressure drop and good recycling performance. This research provided a facile method to deposit active ZIF-8 onto polymers with low air resistance, and that ZIF-8/PET was a good candidate as an air filter for PM2.5 removal. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was introduced on the surface of fibers of a non-woven fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Jia
- Xi'an High Technology Institute
- Xi'an 710025
- China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Xi'an High Technology Institute
- Xi'an 710025
- China
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46
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Zhang J, Liu L, Wang Y, Ren Y, Wang X, Shi Z, Zhang D, Che H, Zhao H, Liu Y, Niu H, Chen J, Zhang X, Lingaswamy AP, Wang Z, Li W. Chemical composition, source, and process of urban aerosols during winter haze formation in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:357-366. [PMID: 28810205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of aerosol particles have been poorly evaluated even though haze episodes frequently occur in winter in Northeast China. OC/EC analysis, ion chromatography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and soluble ions in PM2.5 and the mixing state of individual particles during a severe wintertime haze episode in Northeast China. The organic matter (OM), NH4+, SO42-, and NO3- concentrations in PM2.5 were 89.5 μg/m3, 24.2 μg/m3, 28.1 μg/m3, and 32.8 μg/m3 on the haze days, respectively. TEM observations further showed that over 80% of the haze particles contained primary organic aerosols (POAs). Based on a comparison of the data obtained during the haze formation, we generate the following synthetic model of the process: (1) Stable synoptic meteorological conditions drove the haze formation. (2) The early stage of haze formation (light or moderate haze) was mainly caused by the enrichment of POAs from coal burning for household heating and cooking. (3) High levels of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), sulfates, and nitrates formation via heterogeneous reactions together with POAs accumulation promoted to the evolution from light or moderate to severe haze. Compared to the severe haze episodes over the North China Plain, the PM2.5 in Northeast China analyzed in the present study contained similar sulfate, higher SOA, and lower nitrate contents. Our results suggest that most of the POAs and secondary particles were likely related to emissions from coal-burning residential stoves in rural outskirts and small boilers in urban areas. The inefficient burning of coal for household heating and cooking should be monitored during wintertime in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 320007, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Hongya Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - A P Lingaswamy
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 320007, China.
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Patel PN, Dumka UC, Babu KN, Mathur AK. Aerosol characterization and radiative properties over Kavaratti, a remote island in southern Arabian Sea from the period of observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:165-180. [PMID: 28475910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term measurements of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) using sun/sky radiometer for a period of five years (2009-2014) from the remote island location at Kavaratti (KVT; 10.56°N, 72.64°E) in the southern Arabian sea have been analysed. Climatologically, AODs decrease from October to reach maximum of ~0.6 (at 500nm) in March, followed by a sudden fall towards May. Significant modulations of intra-seasonal timescales over this general pattern are noticed due to the changes in the relative strength of distinctively different sources. The corresponding changes in aerosol inversion parameters reveal the presence of coarse-mode aerosols during spring and fine-mode absorbing aerosols in autumn and winter months. An overall dominance of a mixed type of aerosols (~41%) with maximum in winter (~53%) was found via the AOD500 vs. Ångström exponent (α440-870) relationship, while biomass-burning aerosols or thick urban/industrial plumes contribute to ~19%. Spectral dependence of Ångström exponent and aerosol absorbing properties were used to identify the aerosol types and its modification processes. Based on air mass back trajectory analysis, we revealed that the advection of aerosols from Indian subcontinent and western regions plays a major role in modifying the optical properties of aerosols over the observational site. The shortwave aerosol direct radiative forcing estimated via SBDART model ranges from -11.00Wm-2 to -7.38Wm-2, -21.51Wm-2 to -14.33Wm-2 and 3.17Wm-2 and 10.0Wm-2 at top of atmosphere, surface and within the atmosphere, respectively. This atmospheric forcing translates into heating rate of 0.62-1.04Kday-1. Furthermore, the vertical profiles of aerosols and heating rate exhibit significant increase in lower (during winter and autumn) and mid troposphere (during spring). This may cause serious climate implications over Kavaratti with further consequences on cloud microphysics and monsoon rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyushkumar N Patel
- Calibration & Validation Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, India.
| | - U C Dumka
- Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital 263 001, India.
| | - K N Babu
- Calibration & Validation Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, India
| | - A K Mathur
- Calibration & Validation Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, India
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48
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Mini N2-Raman Lidar Onboard Ultra-Light Aircraft for Aerosol Measurements: Demonstration and Extrapolation. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Tie X, Huang RJ, Cao J, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Su H, Chang D, Pöschl U, Hoffmann T, Dusek U, Li G, Worsnop DR, O'Dowd CD. Severe Pollution in China Amplified by Atmospheric Moisture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15760. [PMID: 29150676 PMCID: PMC5693870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, severe haze events often occurred in China, causing serious environmental problems. The mechanisms responsible for the haze formation, however, are still not well understood, hindering the forecast and mitigation of haze pollution. Our study of the 2012-13 winter haze events in Beijing shows that atmospheric water vapour plays a critical role in enhancing the heavy haze events. Under weak solar radiation and stagnant moist meteorological conditions in winter, air pollutants and water vapour accumulate in a shallow planetary boundary layer (PBL). A positive feedback cycle is triggered resulting in the formation of heavy haze: (1) the dispersal of water vapour is constrained by the shallow PBL, leading to an increase in relative humidity (RH); (2) the high RH induces an increase of aerosol particle size by enhanced hygroscopic growth and multiphase reactions to increase particle size and mass, which results in (3) further dimming and decrease of PBL height, and thus further depressing of aerosol and water vapour in a very shallow PBL. This positive feedback constitutes a self-amplification mechanism in which water vapour leads to a trapping and massive increase of particulate matter in the near-surface air to which people are exposed with severe health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi Tie
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Di Chang
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uli Dusek
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | | | - Colin D O'Dowd
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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50
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Trends and Variability in Aerosol Optical Depth over North China from MODIS C6 Aerosol Products during 2001–2016. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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