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Zhang T, Chen Y, Cai Y, Yu Y, Liu J, Shen X, Li G, An T. Abundance and cultivable bioaerosol transport from a municipal solid waste landfill area and its risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121038. [PMID: 36623786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, constituting the third largest anthropogenic sources of bioaerosols, are suspected to be one of the major contributors to adverse health outcomes. A regional modeling of aerosol trajectories based on wind-tunnel observations and on-site monitoring was newly-developed to uncover the impacts of a typical MSW landfill on ambient bioaerosol pollution. Results showed that the horizontal diffusion velocity of bioaerosols reached 4.33 times higher than the vertical velocity under surface calm winds. On-site monitoring revealed that the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 10 μm were 3.05 times higher than those of PM1.0 in the 2.8-km downwind residential regions near the MSW landfill. With the increase in PM concentration, higher-abundance microorganisms were detected. A number of cultivable bacterial species (Micrococcus endophyticus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus sporothermodurans, Salmonella entericaserovar typhi, Rhodococcus hoagie, Blastococcups) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Microascus cirrosus, Cochliobolus, Stemphylium vesicarium) were identified in these bioaerosols. Furthermore, distinguished by transmission electron microscopy, a longer-range transported microorganism (E. coli) clinging onto suspended PM was observed, signifying higher exposure risks. Human health risk assessments demonstrate that the residents and occupational workers in the vicinity of MSW landfill endured atmospheric diffusion-induced bioaerosol exposure risks due to open dumping activities in MSW landfill. This study clearly indicates bioaerosol pollution from landfills, and people particularly living nearby the MSW facilities, must decrease outdoor activities during dusty days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinlin Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Ott EJE, Kucinski TM, Dawson JN, Freedman MA. Use of Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Aerosol Particles and Strategies for Imaging Fragile Particles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11347-11356. [PMID: 34370455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For over 25 years, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has provided a method for the study of aerosol particles with sizes from below the optical diffraction limit to several microns, resolving the particles as well as smaller features. The wide use of this technique to study aerosol particles has contributed important insights about environmental aerosol particle samples and model atmospheric systems. TEM produces an image that is a 2D projection of aerosol particles that have been impacted onto grids and, through associated techniques and spectroscopies, can contribute additional information such as the determination of elemental composition, crystal structure, and 3D particle structures. Soot, mineral dust, and organic/inorganic particles have all been analyzed using TEM and spectroscopic techniques. TEM, however, has limitations that are important to understand when interpreting data including the ability of the electron beam to damage and thereby change the structure and shape of particles, especially in the case of particles composed of organic compounds and salts. In this paper, we concentrate on the breadth of studies that have used TEM as the primary analysis technique. Another focus is on common issues with TEM and cryogenic-TEM. Insights for new users on best practices for fragile particles, that is, particles that are easily susceptible to damage from the electron beam, with this technique are discussed. Tips for readers on interpreting and evaluating the quality and accuracy of TEM data in the literature are also provided and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily-Jean E Ott
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Theresa M Kucinski
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joseph Nelson Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Kahnert M, Kanngießer F. Aerosol optics model for black carbon applicable to remote sensing, chemical data assimilation, and climate modelling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:10639-10658. [PMID: 33820195 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol optics models are an integral part of of climate models and of retrieval methods for global remote sensing observations. Such large-scale environmental applications place tight constraints on the affordable model complexity, which are difficult to reconcile with the considerable level of detail that is needed to capture the sensitivity of optical properties to morphological aerosol characteristics. Here, we develop a novel core-grey-shell dimer model and demonstrate its potential for reproducing radiometric and polarimetric properties of black carbon aerosols. The depolarisation is mainly sensitive to the relative size of the monomers, while the optical cross sections depend on the core-shell partitioning of black carbon. The optimum choice of these parameters is fairly stable across particle sizes and soot volume fraction, as is demonstrated by comparison with a more realistic coated aggregate model.
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Kucinski TM, Ott EJE, Freedman MA. Flash Freeze Flow Tube to Vitrify Aerosol Particles at Fixed Relative Humidity Values. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5207-5213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Kucinski
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Emily-Jean E. Ott
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
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Islam N, Rabha S, Silva LFO, Saikia BK. Air quality and PM 10-associated poly-aromatic hydrocarbons around the railway traffic area: statistical and air mass trajectory approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2039-2053. [PMID: 30783820 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diesel engine railway traffic causes atmosphere pollution due to the exhaust emission which may be harmful to the passengers as well as workers. In this study, the air quality and PM10 concentrations were evaluated around a railway station in Northeast India where trains are operated with diesel engines. The gaseous pollutant (e.g. SO2, NO2, and NH3) was collected and measured by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The advanced level characterizations of the PM10 samples were carried out by using ion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques to know their possible environmental contaminants. High-performance liquid chromatography technique was used to determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estimate the possible atmospheric pollution level caused by the rail traffic in the enclosure. The average PM10 concentration was found to be 262.11 µg m-3 (maximum 24 hour) which indicates poor air quality (AQI category) around the rail traffic. The statistical and air mass trajectory analysis was also done to know their mutual correlation and source apportionment. This study will modify traditional studies where only models are used to simulate the origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Shahadev Rabha
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, 080002, Colombia
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
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Lee PK, Chang HJ, Yu S, Chae KH, Bae JH, Kang MJ, Chae G. Characterization of Cr (VI) - Containing solid phase particles in dry dust deposition in Daejeon, South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1637-1647. [PMID: 30296760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase speciation of chromium in dry dust deposition and road paint was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Spherical black carbon aggregates in dry dust deposition contained discrete nano-sized lead chromate (PbCrO4) and zinc chromate (ZnCrO4), which likely originated from yellow traffic paint and zinc chromate primer (corrosion resistant pigment), respectively based on their main applications. Road marking paint samples from auto roads included lead chromate particles whose size, shape, composition and crystal structure were similar to those in dry dust deposition. A slight difference was found at the particle boundary. Namely, lead chromate in traffic paint was encapsulated by silica-bearing matrix, while discrete lead chromate in the black carbon of dry deposition was rarely enclosed within silica-bearing matrix. The Cr K edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum for dry deposition showed the characteristic pre-edge resonance peak similar to the spectra for the Cr(VI) standard and road paint, but the lower intensity. The amount of Cr(VI) accounted for approximately 45% of the total Cr in the dust sample. The solid phase speciation of Cr observed using TEM and their valence states determined using XANES were consistent with the chemical speciation determined using the sequential extraction. The contribution of this study is that XANES was applied to identify Cr valance states in urban dust deposition and zinc chromate was found as a Cr(VI) phase in dry dust deposition using TEM. These study results provide novel data on Cr speciation and Cr(VI)-containing mineral phases in dry dust deposition and their potential sources. Based on the wide use of lead and zinc chromate, atmospheric contamination with these solid phase speciation of Cr(VI) is expected in other cities in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong-Koo Lee
- Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea-CO(2) Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hwan Bae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kang
- Department of Soil and Groundwater, Korea Environment Corporation, 42 Hwangyeong-Ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea; Department of Geoenvironment Sciences, Kongju National University, 56, Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gitak Chae
- Center for CO2 Geological Storage, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
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Hou C, Shao L, Zhao C, Wang J, Liu J, Geng C. Characterization of coal burning-derived individual particles emitted from an experimental domestic stove. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:45-55. [PMID: 30195689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion in the domestic stoves, which is common in most parts of the Chinese countryside, can release harmful substances into the air and cause health issues. In this study, particles emitted from laboratory stove combustion of the raw powder coals were analyzed for morphologies and chemical compositions by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The coal burning-derived individual particles were classified into two groups: carbonaceous particles (including soot aggregates and organic particles) and non-carbonaceous particles (including sulfate, mineral and metal particles). The non-carbonaceous particles, which constituted a majority of the coal burning-derived emissions, were subdivided into Si-rich, S-rich, K-rich, Ca-rich, and Fe-rich particles according to the elemental compositions. The Si-rich, S-rich and K-rich particles are commonly observed in the coal burning emission. The proportions for particles of different types exhibit obvious coal-issue dependence. Burning of coal with high ash yield could emit more non-carbonaceous particles, and burning of coal with high sulfur content can emit more S-rich particles. By comparing the S-rich particles from this coal burning experiment with those in the atmosphere, we draw a conclusion that some S-rich particles in the atmosphere in China could be mainly sourced from coal combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hou
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengmei Zhao
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- China Association of Circular Economy, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Ushijima SB, Davis RD, Tolbert MA. Immersion and Contact Efflorescence Induced by Mineral Dust Particles. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1303-1311. [PMID: 29332388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phase state of inorganic salt aerosols impacts their properties, including the ability to undergo hygroscopic growth, catalyze heterogeneous reactions, and act as cloud condensation nuclei. Here, we report the first observation of contact efflorescence by mineral dust aerosol. The efflorescence of aqueous ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl) droplets by contact with three types of mineral dust particles (illite, montmorillonite, and NX illite), were examined using an optical levitation chamber. Immersion mode efflorescence was also studied for comparison. We find that in the presence of mineral dust particles, crystallization occurred at a higher relative humidity (RH) when compared to the homogeneous phase transition. Additionally, crystallization by contact mode efflorescence occurred at a higher RH than the corresponding immersion mode. Crystallization efficiencies in the contact mode exhibited an ion-specific trend consistent with the Hoffmeister series. Estimates for lifetimes of a salt droplet to collide with dust particles suggests that collisions between the two aerosol types are likely to occur before the salt aerosol is removed by other atmospheric processes. Such collisions could then lead to the crystallization of salt droplets that would otherwise have remained liquid, changing the overall impact that salt aerosols have on atmospheric chemistry and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi B Ushijima
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder , 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science , 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ryan D Davis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Margaret A Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder , 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science , 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Saikia J, Narzary B, Roy S, Bordoloi M, Saikia P, Saikia BK. Nanominerals, fullerene aggregates, and hazardous elements in coal and coal combustion-generated aerosols: An environmental and toxicological assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:84-91. [PMID: 27580261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies on coal-derived nanoparticles as well as nano-minerals are important in the context of the human health and the environment. The coal combustion-generated aerosols also affect human health and environmental quality aspects in any coal-fired station. In this study, the feed coals and their combustion-generated aerosols from coal-fired boilers of two tea industry facilities were investigated for the presence of nanoparticles/nano minerals, fullerene aggregates, and potentially hazardous elements (PHEs). The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), High resolution-transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (HR-TEM/EDS) and Ultra Violet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) to know their extent of environmental risks to the human health when present in coals and aerosols. The feed coals contain mainly clay minerals, whilst glass fragments, spinel, quartz, and other minerals occur in lesser quantities. The PM samples contain potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) like As, Pb, Cd and Hg. Enrichment factor of the trace elements in particulate matters (PMs) was calculated to determine their sources. The aerosol samples were also found to contain nanomaterials and ultrafine particles. The fullerene aggregates along with potentially hazardous elements were also detected in the aerosol samples. The cytotoxicity studies on the coal combustion-generated PM samples show their potential risk to the human health. This detailed investigation on the inter-relationship between the feed coals and their aerosol chemistry will be useful for understanding the extent of environmental hazards and related human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotilima Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Bardwi Narzary
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Sonali Roy
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Prasenjit Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India.
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You R, Radney JG, Zachariah MR, Zangmeister CD. Measured Wavelength-Dependent Absorption Enhancement of Internally Mixed Black Carbon with Absorbing and Nonabsorbing Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7982-90. [PMID: 27359341 PMCID: PMC5501421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra of laboratory generated aerosols consisting of black carbon (BC) internally mixed with nonabsorbing materials (ammonium sulfate, AS, and sodium chloride, NaCl) and BC with a weakly absorbing brown carbon surrogate derived from humic acid (HA) were measured across the visible to near-IR (550 to 840 nm). Spectra were measured in situ using a photoacoustic spectrometer and step-scanning a supercontinuum laser source with a tunable wavelength and bandwidth filter. BC had a mass-specific absorption cross section (MAC) of 7.89 ± 0.25 m(2) g(-1) at λ = 550 nm and an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of 1.03 ± 0.09 (2σ). For internally mixed BC, the ratio of BC mass to the total mass of the mixture was chosen as 0.13 to mimic particles observed in the terrestrial atmosphere. The manner in which BC mixed with each material was determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AS/BC and HA/BC particles were fully internally mixed, and the BC was both internally and externally mixed for NaCl/BC particles. The AS/BC, NaCl/BC, and HA/BC particles had AAEs of 1.43 ± 0.05, 1.34 ± 0.06, and 1.91 ± 0.05, respectively. The observed absorption enhancement of mixed BC relative to the pure BC was wavelength dependent for AS/BC and decreased from 1.5 at λ = 550 nm with increasing wavelength while the NaCl/BC enhancement was essentially wavelength independent. For HA/BC, the enhancement ranged from 2 to 3 and was strongly wavelength dependent. Removal of the HA absorption contribution to enhancement revealed that the enhancement was ≈1.5 and independent of wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian You
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - James G. Radney
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Michael R. Zachariah
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Christopher D. Zangmeister
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
- Corresponding Author: . Phone: (301)975-8709. Fax: (301)975-3670
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Mishchenko MI, Dlugach JM, Yurkin MA, Bi L, Cairns B, Liu L, Panetta RL, Travis LD, Yang P, Zakharova NT. First-principles modeling of electromagnetic scattering by discrete and discretely heterogeneous random media. PHYSICS REPORTS 2016; 632:1-75. [PMID: 29657355 PMCID: PMC5896873 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A discrete random medium is an object in the form of a finite volume of a vacuum or a homogeneous material medium filled with quasi-randomly and quasi-uniformly distributed discrete macroscopic impurities called small particles. Such objects are ubiquitous in natural and artificial environments. They are often characterized by analyzing theoretically the results of laboratory, in situ, or remote-sensing measurements of the scattering of light and other electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic scattering and absorption by particles can also affect the energy budget of a discrete random medium and hence various ambient physical and chemical processes. In either case electromagnetic scattering must be modeled in terms of appropriate optical observables, i.e., quadratic or bilinear forms in the field that quantify the reading of a relevant optical instrument or the electromagnetic energy budget. It is generally believed that time-harmonic Maxwell's equations can accurately describe elastic electromagnetic scattering by macroscopic particulate media that change in time much more slowly than the incident electromagnetic field. However, direct solutions of these equations for discrete random media had been impracticable until quite recently. This has led to a widespread use of various phenomenological approaches in situations when their very applicability can be questioned. Recently, however, a new branch of physical optics has emerged wherein electromagnetic scattering by discrete and discretely heterogeneous random media is modeled directly by using analytical or numerically exact computer solutions of the Maxwell equations. Therefore, the main objective of this Report is to formulate the general theoretical framework of electromagnetic scattering by discrete random media rooted in the Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetics and discuss its immediate analytical and numerical consequences. Starting from the microscopic Maxwell-Lorentz equations, we trace the development of the first-principles formalism enabling accurate calculations of monochromatic and quasi-monochromatic scattering by static and randomly varying multiparticle groups. We illustrate how this general framework can be coupled with state-of-the-art computer solvers of the Maxwell equations and applied to direct modeling of electromagnetic scattering by representative random multi-particle groups with arbitrary packing densities. This first-principles modeling yields general physical insights unavailable with phenomenological approaches. We discuss how the first-order-scattering approximation, the radiative transfer theory, and the theory of weak localization of electromagnetic waves can be derived as immediate corollaries of the Maxwell equations for very specific and well-defined kinds of particulate medium. These recent developments confirm the mesoscopic origin of the radiative transfer, weak localization, and effective-medium regimes and help evaluate the numerical accuracy of widely used approximate modeling methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janna M. Dlugach
- Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 27 Zabolotny Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maxim A. Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lei Bi
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brian Cairns
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Li Liu
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
- Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - R. Lee Panetta
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Larry D. Travis
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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12
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Guo L, Hu Y, Hu Q, Lin J, Li C, Chen J, Li L, Fu H. Characteristics and chemical compositions of particulate matter collected at the selected metro stations of Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:443-452. [PMID: 25105755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A campaign was conducted to assess and compare the air quality at the different metro platforms at Shanghai City, focusing on particulate matter (PM) levels, chemical compositions, morphology and mineralogy, as well as species of iron. Our results indicated that the average PM₂.₅ concentrations for the three metro lines were 177.7 μg/m(3), 105.7 μg/m(3) and 82.5 μg/m(3), respectively, and the average PM1 concentrations for the three lines were 122.3 μg/m(3), 84.1 μg/m(3) and 59.6 μg/m(3), respectively. Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Sr, Ba and Pb concentrations in all of the sampling sites were significantly higher than that in the urban ambient air, implicating that these trace metals may be associated with the metro systems working. Individual airborne dusts were studied for morphology and mineralogy characteristics. The results revealed that the presence of most individual particles were with no definite shape and most of them were with a large metal content. Furthermore, Fe-rich particles had significantly higher abundance in the metro systems, which were more frequently encountered in the underground lines than the aboveground line. The 2D distribution map of an interested Fe-rich particle showed an uneven Fe distribution, implying that a hollow or core of other substance exists in the particle center during the formation process. Cluster analysis revealed that Fe-rich particles were possibly a mixture of Fe species. Fitting of X-ray absorption near-edge fine structure spectra (XANES) showed the main iron species within the particles collected from the three contrasting metro lines of Shanghai to be hematite, magnetite, iron-metal and mineral Fe. Hematite and mineral Fe were all found in three lines, while magnetite only existed in aboveground metro line. Iron-metal was determined in both the older and younger underground lines, based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. As diverse Fe species have different physical-chemical characteristics and toxicity, the speciation of Fe-containing metro particles is important in the context of public health and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunjie Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lina Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Cappa CD, Onasch TB, Massoli P, Worsnop DR, Bates TS, Cross ES, Davidovits P, Hakala J, Hayden KL, Jobson BT, Kolesar KR, Lack DA, Lerner BM, Li SM, Mellon D, Nuaaman I, Olfert JS, Petaja T, Quinn PK, Song C, Subramanian R, Williams EJ, Zaveri RA. Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon. Science 2012; 337:1078-81. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1223447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Li W, Shi Z, Zhang D, Zhang X, Li P, Feng Q, Yuan Q, Wang W. Haze particles over a coal-burning region in the China Loess Plateau in winter: Three flight missions in December 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mishchenko MI, Dlugach JM. Adhesion of mineral and soot aerosols can strongly affect their scattering and absorption properties. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:704-706. [PMID: 22344154 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use the numerically exact superposition T-matrix method to compute the optical cross sections and the Stokes scattering matrix for polydisperse mineral aerosols (modeled as homogeneous spheres) covered with a large number of much smaller soot particles. These results are compared with the Lorenz-Mie results for a uniform external mixture of mineral and soot aerosols. We show that the effect of soot particles adhering to large mineral particles can be to change the extinction and scattering cross sections and the asymmetry parameter quite substantially. The effect on the phase function and degree of linear polarization can be equally significant.
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Li W, Shao L, Shen R, Yang S, Wang Z, Tang U. Internally mixed sea salt, soot, and sulfates at Macao, a coastal city in South China. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1166-1173. [PMID: 22168100 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.603996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Direct observation of the mixing state of aerosol particles in a coastal urban city is critical to understand atmospheric processing and hygroscopic growth in humid air. Morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles from Macao, located south of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and 100 km west of Hong Kong, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (TEM/EDX). SEM images show that soot and roughly spherical particles are prevalent in the samples. Based on the compositions of individual aerosol particles, aerosol particles with roughly spherical shape are classified into coarse Na-rich and fine S-rich particles. TEM/EDX indicates that each Na-rich particle consists of a Na-S core and NaNO3 shell. Even in the absence of heavy pollution, the marine sea salt particles were completely depleted in chloride, and Na-related sulfates and nitrates were enriched in Macao air. The reason could be that SO2 from the polluted PRD and ships in the South China Sea and NO2 from vehicles in the city sped up the chlorine depletion in sea salt through heterogeneous reactions. Fresh soot particles from vehicular emissions mainly occur near curbside. However, there are many aged soot particles in the sampling site surrounded by main roads 200 to 400 m away, suggesting that the fresh soot likely underwent a quick aging. Overall, secondary nitrates and sulfates internally mixed with soot and sea salt particles can totally change their surface hygroscopicity in coastal cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Knopf DA, Forrester SM, Slade JH. Heterogeneous oxidation kinetics of organic biomass burning aerosol surrogates by O3, NO2, N2O5, and NO3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21050-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang M, Chen JM, Wang T, Cheng TT, Lin L, Bhatia RS, Hanvey M. Chemical characterization of aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean during two cruises in 2007 and 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Li W, Shao L, Wang Z, Shen R, Yang S, Tang U. Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:561-569. [PMID: 20617733 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao, a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China. Morphology, size, elemental composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles, they consist of soot (32%), mineral (17%), secondary (22%), and unknown fine particles (29%). The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 microm. Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX. Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types: Si-rich, Ca-rich, and Na-rich. The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location. For example, mineral particles, collected along the main street, were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals, such as Zn, Ti, Mn, Ba, Pb, and As. TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles (e.g., Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases. Additionally, aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity, high temperature, and high levels of sunlight in Macao. Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining & College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7760-79. [DOI: 10.1039/b906540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hawkins LN, Russell LM, Twohy CH, Anderson JR. Uniform particle-droplet partitioning of 18 organic and elemental components measured in and below DYCOMS-II stratocumulus clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Bauer SE, Mishchenko MI, Lacis AA, Zhang S, Perlwitz J, Metzger SM. Do sulfate and nitrate coatings on mineral dust have important effects on radiative properties and climate modeling? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Naoe H, Okada K. Modification of Sea-Salt Particles in the Remote Marine Atmosphere in the North Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.57.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Van Grieken R. Preliminary evaluation of micro-Raman spectrometry for the characterization of individual aerosol particles. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:39-47. [PMID: 16454909 DOI: 10.1366/000370206775382848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectrometry has been used to determine the graphitic C content and to estimate particle size and disordered character of the C in aerosol particulate matter collected on filters, with sample spot sizes on the order of 100 microm being analyzed. Individual analysis of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microm has therefore not been considered. In this investigation, various size fractions of aerosol particulate matter originating from both indoor and outdoor sources were collected by means of impactors or passive dry deposition on different types of substrate and analyzed by means of micro-Raman spectrometry with spot sizes ranging from 1-5 microm. The aim was to investigate the possible application of micro-Raman spectrometry to the molecular characterization of individual aerosol particles and to assess the applicability of the various substrates in such an analysis. It was demonstrated that the molecular characterization of most inorganic particles is trivial, but organic and heterogeneous conglomerates proved to be more challenging. Spectral contributions of the substrates, currently favored for individual particle analysis, were significant. Results obtained from micro Raman spectrometry can certainly add valuable molecular information on individual aerosol particles as small as 1 microm aerodynamic diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Potgieter-Vermaak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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26
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Schuster GL. Inferring black carbon content and specific absorption from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hand JL, Malm WC, Laskin A, Day D, Lee T, Wang C, Carrico C, Carrillo J, Cowin JP, Collett J, Iedema MJ. Optical, physical, and chemical properties of tar balls observed during the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Kojima T. Aerosol particles from tropical convective systems: Cloud tops and cirrus anvils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li J, Pósfai M, Hobbs PV, Buseck PR. Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 2, Compositions and aging of inorganic particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Peter R. Buseck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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30
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Pósfai M, Simonics R, Li J, Hobbs PV, Buseck PR. Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 1. Compositions and size distributions of carbonaceous particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Renáta Simonics
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Peter R. Buseck
- Departments of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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