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Liu Y, Geng G, Cheng J, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Liu L, Shi Q, Tong D, He K, Zhang Q. Drivers of Increasing Ozone during the Two Phases of Clean Air Actions in China 2013-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37276527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to the severe air pollution issue, the Chinese government implemented two phases (Phase I, 2013-2017; Phase II, 2018-2020) of clean air actions since 2013, resulting in a significant decline in fine particles (PM2.5) during 2013-2020, while the warm-season (April-September) mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) increased by 2.6 μg m-3 yr-1 in China during the same period. Here, we derived the drivers behind the rising O3 concentrations during the two phases of clean air actions by using a bottom-up emission inventory, a regional chemical transport model, and a multiple linear regression model. We found that both meteorological variations (3.6 μg m-3) and anthropogenic emissions (6.7 μg m-3) contributed to the growth of MDA8 O3 from 2013 to 2020, with the changes in anthropogenic emissions playing a more important role. The anthropogenic contributions to the O3 rise during 2017-2020 (1.2 μg m-3) were much lower than that in 2013-2017 (5.2 μg m-3). The lack of volatile organic compound (VOC) control and the decline in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were responsible for the O3 increase in 2013-2017 due to VOC-limited regimes in most urban areas, while the synergistic control of VOC and NOx in Phase II initially worked to mitigate O3 pollution during 2018-2020, although its effectiveness was offset by the penalty of PM2.5 decline. Future mitigation efforts should pay more attention to the simultaneous control of VOC and NOx to improve O3 air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangke Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinren Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Qu Y, Wang T, Yuan C, Wu H, Gao L, Huang C, Li Y, Li M, Xie M. The underlying mechanisms of PM 2.5 and O 3 synergistic pollution in East China: Photochemical and heterogeneous interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162434. [PMID: 36841413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of Chinese cities is accompanied by air pollution. Although the implementation of air pollution control strategies in recent years has alleviated PM2.5 pollution, O3 pollution and the synergistic pollution of PM2.5 and O3 have become more serious. To understand the underlying chemical interaction mechanisms between PM2.5 and O3, we applied the modified Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to study the effects of aerosol-photolysis feedback and heterogeneous reactions on the two pollutants and revealed the contribution of different mechanisms in different seasons and regions in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in eastern China. We found that, through the aerosol-photolysis feedback, PM2.5 decreased the surface photolysis rates JNO2 and JO1D, resulting in a decrease in O3 concentration in the VOC-sensitive area and a slight increase in the NOx-sensitive area. The heterogeneous reactions reduced O3 concentration in the YRD in spring, autumn and winter by consuming HxOy. While in summer, the heterogeneous absorption of NOx decreased O3 in the NOx-sensitive areas and increased O3 in the VOC-sensitive areas. Heterogeneous reactions also promoted the secondary formation of fine sulfate and nitrate aerosols, especially in winter. Through the combined effect of two chemical processes, PM2.5 can lead to a decrease in O3 concentration of -3.3 ppb (-7.6 %), -2.2 ppb (-4.0 %), -2.9 ppb (-6.3 %), and - 5.9 ppb (-18.7 %), in spring, summer, autumn and winter in YRD. Therefore, if the PM2.5 concentration decreases, the weakening effect of PM2.5 on the ozone concentration will be reduced, resulting in the aggravation of ozone pollution. This study is important for understanding the synergistic pollution mechanism and provides a scientific basis for the coordinated control of urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Qu
- College of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (KLME), Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (KLME), Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Emergency Management College, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210041, China.
| | - Libo Gao
- Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory, Nanjing 210041, China.
| | - Congwu Huang
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yasong Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Min Xie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Guo Z, Zhang W, Zhao B, Gao L, Ji Y, Ji Y. Photooxidation browning mechanism of small α-dicarbonyl compounds on natural mineral particle in the presence of methylamine/ammonia. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Koenig TK, Volkamer R, Apel EC, Bresch JF, Cuevas CA, Dix B, Eloranta EW, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Pierce RB, Reeves JM, Saiz-Lopez A, Ullmann K. Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj6544. [PMID: 34936464 PMCID: PMC8694599 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Iodine is an atmospheric trace element emitted from oceans that efficiently destroys ozone (O3). Low O3 in airborne dust layers is frequently observed but poorly understood. We show that dust is a source of gas-phase iodine, indicated by aircraft observations of iodine monoxide (IO) radicals inside lofted dust layers from the Atacama and Sechura Deserts that are up to a factor of 10 enhanced over background. Gas-phase iodine photochemistry, commensurate with observed IO, is needed to explain the low O3 inside these dust layers (below 15 ppbv; up to 75% depleted). The added dust iodine can explain decreases in O3 of 8% regionally and affects surface air quality. Our data suggest that iodate reduction to form volatile iodine species is a missing process in the geochemical iodine cycle and presents an unrecognized aeolian source of iodine. Atmospheric iodine has tripled since 1950 and affects ozone layer recovery and particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore K. Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James F. Bresch
- Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A. Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Edwin W. Eloranta
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rafael P. Fernandez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, National Research Council (ICB-CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R. Bradley Pierce
- The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Madison, WI, USA
| | - J. Michael Reeves
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
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Ma Q, Zhong C, Ma J, Ye C, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang P, Chen T, Liu C, Chu B, He H. Comprehensive Study about the Photolysis of Nitrates on Mineral Oxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8604-8612. [PMID: 34132529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrates formed on mineral dust through heterogeneous reactions in high NOx areas can undergo photolysis to regenerate NOx and potentially interfere in the photochemistry in the downwind low NOx areas. However, little is known about such renoxification processes. In this study, photolysis of various nitrates on different mineral oxides was comprehensively investigated in a flow reactor and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). TiO2 was found much more reactive than Al2O3 and SiO2 with both NO2 and HONO as the two major photolysis products. The yields of NO2 and HONO depend on the cation basicity of the nitrate salts or the acidity of particles. As such, NH4NO3 is much more productive than other nitrates like Fe(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and KNO3. SO2 and water vapor promote the photodegradation by increasing the surface acidity due to the photoinduced formation of H2SO4/sulfate and H+, respectively. O2 enables the photo-oxidation of NOx to regenerate nitrate and thus inhibits the NOx yield. Overall, our results demonstrated that the photolysis of nitrate can be accelerated under complex air pollution conditions, which are helpful for understanding the transformation of nitrate and the nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunxiang Ye
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Center for Environment and Health, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Kelley M, Schmidt GA, Nazarenko LS, Bauer SE, Ruedy R, Russell GL, Ackerman AS, Aleinov I, Bauer M, Bleck R, Canuto V, Cesana G, Cheng Y, Clune TL, Cook BI, Cruz CA, Del Genio AD, Elsaesser GS, Faluvegi G, Kiang NY, Kim D, Lacis AA, Leboissetier A, LeGrande AN, Lo KK, Marshall J, Matthews EE, McDermid S, Mezuman K, Miller RL, Murray LT, Oinas V, Orbe C, García‐Pando CP, Perlwitz JP, Puma MJ, Rind D, Romanou A, Shindell DT, Sun S, Tausnev N, Tsigaridis K, Tselioudis G, Weng E, Wu J, Yao M. GISS-E2.1: Configurations and Climatology. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2020; 12:e2019MS002025. [PMID: 32999704 PMCID: PMC7507764 DOI: 10.1029/2019ms002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the GISS-E2.1 contribution to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). This model version differs from the predecessor model (GISS-E2) chiefly due to parameterization improvements to the atmospheric and ocean model components, while keeping atmospheric resolution the same. Model skill when compared to modern era climatologies is significantly higher than in previous versions. Additionally, updates in forcings have a material impact on the results. In particular, there have been specific improvements in representations of modes of variability (such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation and other modes in the Pacific) and significant improvements in the simulation of the climate of the Southern Oceans, including sea ice. The effective climate sensitivity to 2 × CO2 is slightly higher than previously at 2.7-3.1°C (depending on version) and is a result of lower CO2 radiative forcing and stronger positive feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Kelley
- SciSpace LLCNew YorkNYUSA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Larissa S. Nazarenko
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Reto Ruedy
- SciSpace LLCNew YorkNYUSA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Igor Aleinov
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michael Bauer
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Rainer Bleck
- CIRESUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- NOAA/ESRL/Global Systems LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Grégory Cesana
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ye Cheng
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Ben I. Cook
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Carlos A. Cruz
- Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- SSAIGreenbeltMDUSA
| | | | - Gregory S. Elsaesser
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Greg Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Daehyun Kim
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ken K. Lo
- SciSpace LLCNew YorkNYUSA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Sonali McDermid
- Department of Environmental StudiesNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Keren Mezuman
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ron L. Miller
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lee T. Murray
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Valdar Oinas
- SciSpace LLCNew YorkNYUSA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Clara Orbe
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Carlos Pérez García‐Pando
- Barcelona Supercomputing CenterBarcelonaSpain
- ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced StudiesBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jan P. Perlwitz
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Climate, Aerosol, and Pollution Research, LLCBronxNYUSA
| | - Michael J. Puma
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Rind
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Shan Sun
- NOAA/ESRL/Global Systems LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Nick Tausnev
- SciSpace LLCNew YorkNYUSA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kostas Tsigaridis
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Ensheng Weng
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jingbo Wu
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mao‐Sung Yao
- SciSpace LLCNew YorkNYUSA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesNew YorkNYUSA
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7
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Deiseroth M, Bonn M, Backus EHG. Electrolytes Change the Interfacial Water Structure but Not the Vibrational Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8610-8616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Deiseroth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen H. G. Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemisty, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
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8
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Li Z, Guo J, Ding A, Liao H, Liu J, Sun Y, Wang T, Xue H, Zhang H, Zhu B. Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Air quality is concerned with pollutants in both the gas phase and solid or liquid phases. The latter are referred to as aerosols, which are multifaceted agents affecting air quality, weather and climate through many mechanisms. Unlike gas pollutants, aerosols interact strongly with meteorological variables with the strongest interactions taking place in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The PBL hosting the bulk of aerosols in the lower atmosphere is affected by aerosol radiative effects. Both aerosol scattering and absorption reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground and thus reduce the sensible heat fluxes that drive the diurnal evolution of the PBL. Moreover, aerosols can increase atmospheric stability by inducing a temperature inversion as a result of both scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which suppresses dispersion of pollutants and leads to further increases in aerosol concentration in the lower PBL. Such positive feedback is especially strong during severe pollution events. Knowledge of the PBL is thus crucial for understanding the interactions between air pollution and meteorology. A key question is how the diurnal evolution of the PBL interacts with aerosols, especially in vertical directions, and affects air quality. We review the major advances in aerosol measurements, PBL processes and their interactions with each other through complex feedback mechanisms, and highlight the priorities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, GCESS, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 1000875, China
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, MD 21029, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, MD 21029, USA
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiwen Xue
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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9
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10
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Soler R, Nicolás JF, Caballero S, Yubero E, Crespo J. Depletion of tropospheric ozone associated with mineral dust outbreaks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19376-19386. [PMID: 27376369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
From May to September 2012, ozone reductions associated with 15 Saharan dust outbreaks which occurred between May to September 2012 have been evaluated. The campaign was performed at a mountain station located near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The study has two main goals: firstly, to analyze the decreasing gradient of ozone concentration during the course of the Saharan episodes. These gradients vary from 0.2 to 0.6 ppb h(-1) with an average value of 0.39 ppb h(-1). The negative correlation between ozone and coarse particles occurs almost simultaneously. Moreover, although the concentration of coarse particles remained high throughout the episode, the time series shows the saturation of the ozone loss. The highest ozone depletion has been obtained during the last hours of the day, from 18:00 to 23:00 UTC. Outbreaks registered during this campaign have been more intense in this time slot. The second objective is to establish from which coarse particle concentration a significant ozone depletion can be observed and to quantify this reduction. In this regard, it has been confirmed that when the hourly particle concentration recorded during the Saharan dust outbreaks is above the hourly particle median values (N > N-median), the ozone concentration reduction obtained is statistically significant. An average ozone reduction of 5.5 % during Saharan events has been recorded. In certain cases, this percentage can reach values of higher than 15 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Soler
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - J F Nicolás
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - S Caballero
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - E Yubero
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - J Crespo
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain
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11
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Tang M, Cziczo DJ, Grassian VH. Interactions of Water with Mineral Dust Aerosol: Water Adsorption, Hygroscopicity, Cloud Condensation, and Ice Nucleation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4205-59. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J. Cziczo
- Department
of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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12
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Li N, Long X, Tie X, Cao J, Huang R, Zhang R, Feng T, Liu S, Li G. Urban dust in the Guanzhong basin of China, part II: A case study of urban dust pollution using the WRF-Dust model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1614-1624. [PMID: 26475241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a regional dust dynamical model (WRF-Dust) to simulate surface dust concentrations in the Guanzhong (GZ) basin of China during two typical dust cases (19th Aug. and 26th Nov., 2013), and compared model results with the surface measurements at 17 urban and rural sites. The important improvement of the model is to employ multiple high-resolution (0.5-500 m) remote sensing data to construct dust sources. The new data include the geographic information of constructions, croplands, and barrens over the GZ basin in summer and winter of 2013. For the first time, detailed construction dust emissions have been introduced in a regional dust model in large cities of China. Our results show that by including the detailed dust sources, model performance at simulating dust pollutions in the GZ basin is significantly improved. For example, the simulated dust concentration average for the 17 sites increases from 28 μg m(-3) to 59 μg m(-3), closing to the measured concentration of 66 μg m(-3). In addition, the correlation coefficient (r) between the calculated and measured dust concentrations is also improved from 0.17 to 0.57, suggesting that our model better presents the spatial variation. Further analysis shows that urban construction activities are the crucial source in controlling urban dust pollutions. It should be considered by policy makers for mitigating particulate air pollution in many Chinese cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xin Long
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Rujin Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette L Heald
- †Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dominick V Spracklen
- ‡School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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14
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Na C, Tang Y, Wang H, Martin ST. Opposing effects of humidity on rhodochrosite surface oxidation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2366-2371. [PMID: 25656732 DOI: 10.1021/la504465y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhodochrosite (MnCO3) is a model mineral representing carbonate aerosol particles containing redox-active elements that can influence particle surface reconstruction in humid air, thereby affecting the heterogeneous transformation of important atmospheric constituents such as nitric oxides, sulfur dioxides, and organic acids. Using in situ atomic force microscopy, we show that the surface reconstruction of rhodochrosite in humid oxygen leads to the formation and growth of oxide nanostructures. The oxidative reconstruction consists of two consecutive processes with distinctive time scales, including a long waiting period corresponding to slow nucleation and a rapid expansion phase corresponding to fast growth. By varying the relative humidity from 55 to 78%, we further show that increasing humidity has opposing effects on the two processes, accelerating nucleation from 2.8(±0.2) × 10(-3) to 3.0(±0.2) × 10(-2) h(-1) but decelerating growth from 7.5(±0.3) × 10(-3) to 3.1(±0.1) × 10(-3) μm(2) h(-1). Through quantitative analysis, we propose that nanostructure nucleation is controlled by rhodochrosite surface dissolution, similar to the dissolution-precipitation mechanism proposed for carbonate mineral surface reconstruction in aqueous solution. To explain nanostructure growth in humid oxygen, a new Cabrera-Mott mechanism involving electron tunneling and solid-state diffusion is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzheng Na
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame , 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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15
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Polluted dust promotes new particle formation and growth. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6634. [PMID: 25319109 PMCID: PMC4198867 DOI: 10.1038/srep06634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding new particle formation and their subsequent growth in the troposphere has a critical impact on our ability to predict atmospheric composition and global climate change. High pre-existing particle loadings have been thought to suppress the formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles due to high condensation and coagulation sinks. Here, based on field measurements at a mountain site in South China, we report, for the first time, in situ observational evidence on new particle formation and growth in remote ambient atmosphere during heavy dust episodes mixed with anthropogenic pollution. Both the formation and growth rates of particles in the diameter range 15–50 nm were enhanced during the dust episodes, indicating the influence of photo-induced, dust surface-mediated reactions and resulting condensable vapor production. This study provides unique in situ observations of heterogeneous photochemical processes inducing new particle formation and growth in the real atmosphere, and suggests an unexpected impact of mineral dust on climate and atmospheric chemistry.
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16
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Volcanic Ash versus Mineral Dust: Atmospheric Processing and Environmental and Climate Impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/245076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review paper contrasts volcanic ash and mineral dust regarding their chemical and physical properties, sources, atmospheric load, deposition processes, atmospheric processing, and environmental and climate effects. Although there are substantial differences in the history of mineral dust and volcanic ash particles before they are released into the atmosphere, a number of similarities exist in atmospheric processing at ambient temperatures and environmental and climate impacts. By providing an overview on the differences and similarities between volcanic ash and mineral dust processes and effects, this review paper aims to appeal for future joint research strategies to extend our current knowledge through close cooperation between mineral dust and volcanic ash researchers.
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17
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Rubasinghege G, Grassian VH. Role(s) of adsorbed water in the surface chemistry of environmental interfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3071-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38872g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Saavedra S, Rodríguez A, Taboada JJ, Souto JA, Casares JJ. Synoptic patterns and air mass transport during ozone episodes in northwestern Iberia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 441:97-110. [PMID: 23137974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High levels of ozone are frequently measured at the Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) air quality monitoring stations from March to October. However, there have been very few studies on surface ozone in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, most likely because the climate of this region is not favourable to photochemical ozone generation. The occurrence of these episodes may be related to either local-scale photochemical pollution or regional-scale transport from other polluted regions. In addition, high ozone episodes usually are developed under specific synoptic conditions. The main purposes of this study are to characterise the atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes in this region and to identify possible advection paths of ozone and precursors. A surface hourly ozone dataset (2002-2007) measured at rural sites in Galicia was analysed to identify high ozone episodes together with their associated synoptic patterns using a subjective classification with 23 different synoptic types. The synoptic weather patterns revealed that most of the episodes occur with high surface pressures centred over the British Isles and/or Central Europe while a high-altitude anticyclonic ridge crosses the Peninsula from North Africa, causing easterly or southeasterly winds. This analysis was completed with 3-day backward air mass trajectories obtained with HYSPLIT to assess the contribution of long-range transport, resulting in the following main routes: Mediterranean-Peninsular, South Atlantic-Portuguese, local and French-Cantabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saavedra
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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19
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Tribe L, Hinrichs R, Kubicki JD. Adsorption of Nitrate on Kaolinite Surfaces: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11266-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3053295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tribe
- Division of
Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading,
Pennsylvania 19610, United States
| | - Ryan Hinrichs
- Department of Chemistry, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 07950, United
States
| | - James D. Kubicki
- Department of Geosciences and the Earth & Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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20
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Fiore AM, Naik V, Spracklen DV, Steiner A, Unger N, Prather M, Bergmann D, Cameron-Smith PJ, Cionni I, Collins WJ, Dalsøren S, Eyring V, Folberth GA, Ginoux P, Horowitz LW, Josse B, Lamarque JF, MacKenzie IA, Nagashima T, O'Connor FM, Righi M, Rumbold ST, Shindell DT, Skeie RB, Sudo K, Szopa S, Takemura T, Zeng G. Global air quality and climate. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6663-83. [PMID: 22868337 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors determine regional air quality and can alter climate. Climate change can perturb the long-range transport, chemical processing, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. We review the implications of projected changes in methane (CH(4)), ozone precursors (O(3)), and aerosols for climate (expressed in terms of the radiative forcing metric or changes in global surface temperature) and hemispheric-to-continental scale air quality. Reducing the O(3) precursor CH(4) would slow near-term warming by decreasing both CH(4) and tropospheric O(3). Uncertainty remains as to the net climate forcing from anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emissions, which increase tropospheric O(3) (warming) but also increase aerosols and decrease CH(4) (both cooling). Anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and non-CH(4) volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) warm by increasing both O(3) and CH(4). Radiative impacts from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are poorly understood. Black carbon emission controls, by reducing the absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere and on snow and ice, have the potential to slow near-term warming, but uncertainties in coincident emissions of reflective (cooling) aerosols and poorly constrained cloud indirect effects confound robust estimates of net climate impacts. Reducing sulfate and nitrate aerosols would improve air quality and lessen interference with the hydrologic cycle, but lead to warming. A holistic and balanced view is thus needed to assess how air pollution controls influence climate; a first step towards this goal involves estimating net climate impacts from individual emission sectors. Modeling and observational analyses suggest a warming climate degrades air quality (increasing surface O(3) and particulate matter) in many populated regions, including during pollution episodes. Prior Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios (SRES) allowed unconstrained growth, whereas the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios assume uniformly an aggressive reduction, of air pollutant emissions. New estimates from the current generation of chemistry-climate models with RCP emissions thus project improved air quality over the next century relative to those using the IPCC SRES scenarios. These two sets of projections likely bracket possible futures. We find that uncertainty in emission-driven changes in air quality is generally greater than uncertainty in climate-driven changes. Confidence in air quality projections is limited by the reliability of anthropogenic emission trajectories and the uncertainties in regional climate responses, feedbacks with the terrestrial biosphere, and oxidation pathways affecting O(3) and SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
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21
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Baltrusaitis J, Hatch C, Orlando R. Periodic DFT study of acidic trace atmospheric gas molecule adsorption on Ca- and Fe-doped MgO(001) surface basic sites. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7950-8. [PMID: 22775293 PMCID: PMC3498610 DOI: 10.1021/jp3041988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of undoped and Ca- or Fe-doped MgO(001) surfaces, as well as their propensity toward atmospheric acidic gas (CO2, SO2, and NO2) uptake was investigated with an emphasis on gas adsorption on the basic MgO oxygen surface sites, O(surf), using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorption energy calculations show that MgO doping will provide stronger interactions of the adsorbate with the O(surf) sites than the undoped MgO for a given adsorbate molecule. Charge transfer from the iron atom in Fe-doped MgO(001) to NO2 was shown to increase the binding interaction between adsorbate by an order of magnitude, when compared to that of undoped and Ca-doped MgO(001) surfaces. Secondary binding interactions of adsorbate oxygen atoms were observed with surface magnesium sites at distances close to those of the Mg-O bond within the crystal. These interactions may serve as a preliminary step for adsorption and facilitate further adsorbate transformations into other binding configurations. Impacts on global atmospheric chemistry are discussed as these adsorption phenomena can affect atmospheric gas budgets via altered partitioning and retention on mineral aerosol surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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22
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Koffi B, Schulz M, Bréon FM, Griesfeller J, Winker D, Balkanski Y, Bauer S, Berntsen T, Chin M, Collins WD, Dentener F, Diehl T, Easter R, Ghan S, Ginoux P, Gong S, Horowitz LW, Iversen T, Kirkevåg A, Koch D, Krol M, Myhre G, Stier P, Takemura T. Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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24
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Abbatt JPD, Lee AKY, Thornton JA. Quantifying trace gas uptake to tropospheric aerosol: recent advances and remaining challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6555-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Tang MJ, Thieser J, Schuster G, Crowley JN. Kinetics and mechanism of the heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with mineral dust particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8551-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Ma Q, Liu Y, Liu C, Ma J, He H. A case study of Asian dust storm particles: chemical composition, reactivity to SO2 and hygroscopic properties. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:62-71. [PMID: 22783615 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mineral dust comprises a great fraction of the global aerosol loading, but remains the largest uncertainty in predictions of the future climate due to its complexity in composition and physico-chemical properties. In this work, a case study characterizing Asian dust storm particles was conducted by multiple analysis methods, including SEM-EDS, XPS, FT-IR, BET, TPD/mass and Knudsen cell/mass. The morphology, elemental fraction, source distribution, true uptake coefficient for SO2, and hygroscopic behavior were studied. The major components of Asian dust storm particles are aluminosilicate, SiO2 and CaCO3, with organic compounds and inorganic nitrate coated on the surface. It has a low reactivity towards SO2 with a true uptake coefficient, 5.767 x 10(-6), which limits the conversion of SO2 to sulfate during dust storm periods. The low reactivity also means that the heterogeneous reactions of SO2 in both dry and humid air conditions have little effect on the hygroscopic behavior of the dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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27
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George C, D’Anna B, Herrmann H, Weller C, Vaida V, Donaldson DJ, Bartels-Rausch T, Ammann M. Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:1-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Bencardino M, Sprovieri F, Cofone F, Pirrone N. Variability of atmospheric aerosol and ozone concentrations at marine, urban, and high-altitude monitoring stations in southern Italy during the 2007 summer Saharan dust outbreaks and wildfire episodes. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:952-967. [PMID: 22010380 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.599279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the spatial variation of aerosol (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm [PM10]) and ozone (03) concentrations and characterize the atmospheric conditions that lead to 03 and PM10-rich episodes in southern Italy during summer 2007, an intensive sampling campaign was simultaneously performed, from middle of July to the end of August, at three ground-based sites (marine, urban, and high-altitude monitoring stations) in Calabria region. A cluster analysis, based on the prevailing air mass backward trajectories, was performed, allowing to discriminate the contribution of different air masses origin and paths. Results showed that both PM10 and 03 levels reached similar high values when air masses originated from the industrialized continental Europe as well as under the influence of wildfire emissions. Among natural sources, dust intrusion and wildfire events seem to involve a marked impact on the recorded data. Typical fair weather of Mediterranean summer and persisting anticyclone system at synoptic scale were indeed favorable conditions to the arrival of heavily dust-loaded air masses over three periods of consecutive days and more than half of the observed PM10 daily exceedances have been attributed to Saharan dust events. During the identified dust outbreaks, a consistent increase in PM10 levels with a concurrent decrease in 03 values was also observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bencardino
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rende, Italy
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29
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Laurent B, Tegen I, Heinold B, Schepanski K, Weinzierl B, Esselborn M. A model study of Saharan dust emissions and distributions during the SAMUM-1 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Zhang H, Zhang YH. Ab initio investigation on the ion-associated species and process in Mg(NO3)2 solution. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:2772-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Athanasopoulou E, Tombrou M, Russell AG, Karanasiou A, Eleftheriadis K, Dandou A. Implementation of road and soil dust emission parameterizations in the aerosol model CAMx: Applications over the greater Athens urban area affected by natural sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Cristofanelli P, Bonasoni P. Background ozone in the southern Europe and Mediterranean area: influence of the transport processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1399-1406. [PMID: 18977575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The troposphere is subject to continuous inputs, production and removal processes of ozone and its precursors from natural processes and human activities acting together within a very complex system. In order to assess the behaviour of background ozone in the Mediterranean area, a description of trends, seasonal and diurnal behaviours of free tropospheric ozone is provided. In the Mediterranean area and southern Europe the background tropospheric ozone concentration appears significantly affected by three main air mass transport processes: (i) transport of polluted air masses on regional and long-range scales, (ii) downward transport of stratospheric air masses, and (iii) transport of mineral dust from the Sahara desert. In this review of the literature of the last two decades, we present an overview of these phenomena, mainly monitored at high baseline mountain stations representative of background atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cristofanelli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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33
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Usoskin IG, Field CV, Schmidt GA, Leppänen AP, Aldahan A, Kovaltsov GA, Possnert G, Ungar RK. Short-term production and synoptic influences on atmospheric7Be concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Ndour M, Nicolas M, D’Anna B, Ka O, George C. Photoreactivity of NO2 on mineral dusts originating from different locations of the Sahara desert. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1312-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b806441e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Sullivan RC, Moore MJK, Petters MD, Kreidenweis SM, Roberts GC, Prather KA. Timescale for hygroscopic conversion of calcite mineral particles through heterogeneous reaction with nitric acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7826-37. [DOI: 10.1039/b904217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Vlasenko A, Huthwelker T, Gäggeler HW, Ammann M. Kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of nitric acid with mineral dust particles: an aerosol flowtube study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7921-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b904290n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Laurent B, Marticorena B, Bergametti G, Léon JF, Mahowald NM. Modeling mineral dust emissions from the Sahara desert using new surface properties and soil database. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Hatch CD, Grassian VH. 10th Anniversary review: applications of analytical techniques in laboratory studies of the chemical and climatic impacts of mineral dust aerosol in the Earth's atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:919-34. [PMID: 18688461 DOI: 10.1039/b805153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that mineral dust particles can impact a number of global processes including the Earth's climate through direct and indirect climate forcing, the chemical composition of the atmosphere through heterogeneous reactions, and the biogeochemistry of the oceans through dust deposition. Thus, mineral dust aerosol links land, air, and oceans in unique ways unlike any other type of atmospheric aerosol. Quantitative knowledge of how mineral dust aerosol impacts the Earth's climate, the chemical balance of the atmosphere, and the biogeochemistry of the oceans will provide a better understanding of these links and connections and the overall impact on the Earth system. Advances in the applications of analytical laboratory techniques have been critical for providing valuable information regarding these global processes. In this mini review article, we discuss examples of current and emerging techniques used in laboratory studies of mineral dust chemistry and climate and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D Hatch
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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39
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242;
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40
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Pozzoli L, Bey I, Rast S, Schultz MG, Stier P, Feichter J. Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 2. Impact of heterogeneous chemistry on the global aerosol distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pozzoli L, Bey I, Rast S, Schultz MG, Stier P, Feichter J. Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jeong JI, Park SU. Interaction of gaseous pollutants with aerosols in Asia during March 2002. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 392:262-276. [PMID: 18191987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Asian Dust Aerosol Model (ADAM) and the aerosol dynamic model with the output of the fifth generation of mesoscale model (MM5) in a grid of 60x60 km2 over the Asian domain have been performed with and without the heterogeneous reaction (gas-aerosol interaction) to estimate the effect of the gas-aerosol interaction on the formation of aerosol for the period of 1-31 March 2002 when a severe Asian dust event has been observed during this period. The simulated gas-phase pollutants concentrations and aerosols are compared with those observed in South Korea and the East Asia Network (EANET). The results indicate that the present modeling system including ADAM, aerosol dynamic model and MM5 model simulates quite well and the gas-phase pollutants concentrations observed in South Korea and the simulated aerosol concentrations with the gas-aerosol interaction yield much better results in concentrations than those without the gas-aerosol interaction. It is found that the favorable regions for the gas-aerosol interaction in Asia are eastern China (high pollutants emissions), Korea, Japan and the East China Sea that are downstream regions of the Asian dust sources and relatively high relative humidity. In these regions the concentrations of SO2 and O3 decrease whereas the concentrations of sulfate and nitrate increase significantly due to the gas-aerosol interaction. In particular, the increase of sulfate concentration due to the interaction is more than 30% of the corresponding concentration without the gas-aerosol interaction. It is also found that the time-area mean column concentrations of PM10, sulfate, nitrate in the model domain are respectively to be 154.9, 3.2, 3.6 mg m(-2) without the gas-aerosol interaction. However, with the gas-aerosol interaction these values have been increased to 0.6% (155.8 mg m(-2)), 16% (3.7 mg m(-2)), and 14% (4.1 mg m(-2)) of the corresponding concentration without the gas-aerosol interaction. On the other hand, the time-area mean concentration of ammonium is found to decrease about 13% (1.8 mg m(-2) to 1.6 mg m(-2)) due to the gas-aerosol interaction. The result clearly indicates the importance of the gas-aerosol interaction on the tropospheric chemistry during the long-range transport period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Gibson, Cain, Wang H, Grassian, Laskin A. Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction of CaCO3 Particles with Gaseous HNO3 over a Wide Range of Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1561-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453
| | - Gibson
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453
| | - Cain
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453
| | - H. Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453
| | - Grassian
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453
| | - A. Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453
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Prather KA, Hatch CD, Grassian VH. Analysis of atmospheric aerosols. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:485-514. [PMID: 20636087 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols represent an important component of the Earth's atmosphere. Because aerosols are composed of solid and liquid particles of varying chemical complexity, size, and phase, large challenges exist in understanding how they impact climate, health, and the chemistry of the atmosphere. Only through the integration of field, laboratory, and modeling analysis can we begin to unravel the roles atmospheric aerosols play in these global processes. In this article, we provide a brief review of the current state of the science in the analysis of atmospheric aerosols and some important challenges that need to be overcome before they can become fully integrated. It is clear that only when these areas are effectively bridged can we fully understand the impact that atmospheric aerosols have on our environment and the Earth's system at the level of scientific certainty necessary to design and implement sound environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093-0314, USA.
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Mogili PK, Yang KH, Young MA, Kleiber PD, Grassian VH. Environmental aerosol chamber studies of extinction spectra of mineral dust aerosol components: Broadband IR-UV extinction spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schuttlefield JD, Cox D, Grassian VH. An investigation of water uptake on clays minerals using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with quartz crystal microbalance measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Song CH, Kim CM, Lee YJ, Carmichael GR, Lee BK, Lee DS. An evaluation of reaction probabilities of sulfate and nitrate precursors onto East Asian dust particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li L, Chen ZM, Zhang YH, Zhu T, Li S, Li HJ, Zhu LH, Xu BY. Heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on the surface of sodium chloride and its mixtures with other components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Angelini MM, Garrard RJ, Rosen SJ, Hinrichs RZ. Heterogeneous Reactions of Gaseous HNO3 and NO2 on the Clay Minerals Kaolinite and Pyrophyllite. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3326-35. [PMID: 17411018 DOI: 10.1021/jp0672656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Airborne clay mineral particles have long atmospheric lifetimes due to their relatively small size. To assess their impact on trace atmospheric gases, we investigated heterogeneous reactions on prototype clay minerals. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy identified surface-adsorbed products formed from the uptake of gaseous nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide on kaolinite and pyrophyllite. For kaolinite, a 1:1 phyllosilicate, HNO3 molecularly adsorbed onto the octahedral aluminum hydroxide and tetrahedral silicon oxide surfaces. Also detected on the aluminum hydroxide surface were irreversibly adsorbed monodentate, bidentate, bridged, and water-coordinated nitrate species as well as surface-adsorbed water. Similar adsorbed products formed during the uptake of NO2 on kaolinite at relative humidity (RH) of 0%, and the reaction was second order with respect to reactive surface sites and 1.5 +/- 0.1 for NO2. Reactive uptake coefficients, calculated using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface areas, increased from (8.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-8) to (2.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-7) for NO2 concentrations ranging from 0.56 x 10(13) to 8.8 x 10(13) molecules cm(-3). UV-visible spectroscopy detected gaseous HONO as a product for the reaction of NO2 on wet kaolinite. The uptake of HNO3 on pyrophyllite, a 2:1 phyllosilicate, resulted in stronger signal for nitric acid molecularly adsorbed on the silicon oxide surface compared to kaolinite. Monodentate, bridged, and water-coordinated nitrate species bound to aluminum sites also formed during this reaction indicating that reactive sites on edge facets are important for this system. The uptake of NO2 on pyrophyllite, gammaBET = (7 +/- 1) x 10(-9), was significantly lower than kaolinite because NO2 did not react with the dominant tetrahedral silicon oxide surface. These results highlight general trends regarding the reactivity of tetrahedral silicon oxide and octahedral aluminum hydroxide clay surfaces and indicate that the heterogeneous chemistry of clay aerosols varies with mineralogy and cannot be predicted by elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York 10708, USA
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