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Santos GM, Granato-Souza D, Ancapichún S, Oelkers R, Haines HA, De Pol-Holz R, Andreu-Hayles L, Hua Q, Barbosa AC. A novel post-1950 CE atmospheric 14C record for the tropics using absolutely dated tree rings in the equatorial Amazon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170686. [PMID: 38325443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) record spanning from 1940 to 2016, derived from 77 single tree rings of Cedrela odorata located in the Eastern Amazon Basin (EAB). This record, comprising 175 high-precision 14C measurements obtained through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), offers a detailed chronology of post-1950 CE (Common Era) 14C fluctuations in the Tropical Low-Pressure Belt (TLPB). To ensure accuracy and reliability, we included 14C-AMS results from intra-annual successive cuts of the tree rings associated to the calendar years 1962 and 1963 and conducted interlaboratory comparisons. In addition, 14C concentrations in 1962 and 1963 single-year cuts also allowed to verify tissue growth seasonality. The strategic location of the tree, just above the Amazon River and estuary areas, prevented the influence of local fossil-CO2 emissions from mining and trade activities in the Central Amazon Basin on the 14C record. Our findings reveal a notable increase in 14C from land-respired CO2 starting in the 1970s, a decade earlier than previously predicted, followed by a slight decrease after 2000, signaling a transition towards the fossil fuel era. This shift is likely attributed to changes in reservoir sources or global atmospheric dynamics. The EAB 14C record, when compared with a shorter record from Muna Island, Indonesia, highlights regional differences and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of global 14C variations at low latitudes. This study not only fills critical spatial gaps in existing 14C compilations but also aids in refining the demarcation of 14C variations over South America. The extended tree-ring 14C record from the EAB is pivotal for reevaluating global patterns, particularly in the context of the current global carbon budget, and underscores the importance of tropical regions in understanding carbon-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guaciara M Santos
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela Granato-Souza
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Santiago Ancapichún
- Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Laboratorio de dendrocronología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Rose Oelkers
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Heather A Haines
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of New South Wales, Australia; Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Ricardo De Pol-Holz
- Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Laia Andreu-Hayles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quan Hua
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Min K, Zheng T, Zhu X, Bao X, Lynch L, Liang C. Bacterial community structure and assembly dynamics hinge on plant litter quality. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad118. [PMID: 37771081 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Litter decomposition is a fundamental ecosystem process controlling the biogeochemical cycling of energy and nutrients. Using a 360-day lab incubation experiment to control for environmental factors, we tested how litter quality (low C/N deciduous vs. high C/N coniferous litter) governed the assembly and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities and rates of litter decomposition. Overall, litter mass loss was significantly faster in soils amended with deciduous (DL) rather than coniferous (CL) litter. Communities degrading DL were also more taxonomically diverse and exhibited stochastic assembly throughout the experiment. By contrast, alpha-diversity rapidly declined in communities exposed to CL. Strong environmental selection and competitive biological interactions induced by molecularly complex, nutrient poor CL were reflected in a transition from stochastic to deterministic assembly after 180 days. Constraining how the diversity and assembly of microbial populations modulates core ecosystem processes, such as litter decomposition, will become increasingly important under novel climate conditions, and as policymakers and land managers emphasize soil carbon sequestration as a key natural climate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Min
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Bao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurel Lynch
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Shi J, McGill WB, Rutherford PM, Whitcombe TW, Zhang W. Aging shapes Cr(VI) speciation in five different soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150066. [PMID: 34520931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To make sound decisions regarding management of heavy metal contamination in soils, it is necessary to understand contaminant transformations over extended periods. In this study, sequential extraction methods were applied to quantify the changes of Cr fractions [available Cr(VI), immobile Cr(VI) and immobile Cr(III)] in five contrasting soils spiked with Cr(VI) over a 240-day incubation. Results showed that available Cr(VI) in soils continually decreased during aging, with a sharp decline occurring in the first 30 days. The best fit of available Cr(VI) data was obtained using an Elovich model for Brunisol and Anthrosol-1, a fractional power model for Anthrosol-2, and a pseudo first-order kinetic model for Luvisol-1 and Luvisol-2. After aging for 240 days, immobile Cr(VI) increased by 4.5-31% and immobile Cr(III) increased by 68-95% of total spiked Cr(VI) in Brunisol, Anthrosol-1 and Anthrosol-2. The two Luvisol soils had relatively high reduction rates with no Cr(VI) immobilized. A multireaction model was developed in MATLAB Simulink toolbox to describe transformation flow rates among soluble Cr(VI), adsorbed Cr(VI), immobilized Cr(VI) and immobilized Cr(III) in soils with aging. We conclude that (i) Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization were occurring concurrently in soils and competing for available Cr(VI) species; (ii) Cr(VI) reduction is favored by low soil pH and high organic carbon, while Cr(VI) immobilization occurs with cations (such as Ca2+) and Fe oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Graduate Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - William B McGill
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - P Michael Rutherford
- Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Todd W Whitcombe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, CN 410114, PR China
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Permafrost carbon-climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3752-7. [PMID: 25775603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost soils contain enormous amounts of organic carbon whose stability is contingent on remaining frozen. With future warming, these soils may release carbon to the atmosphere and act as a positive feedback to climate change. Significant uncertainty remains on the postthaw carbon dynamics of permafrost-affected ecosystems, in particular since most of the carbon resides at depth where decomposition dynamics may differ from surface soils, and since nitrogen mineralized by decomposition may enhance plant growth. Here we show, using a carbon-nitrogen model that includes permafrost processes forced in an unmitigated warming scenario, that the future carbon balance of the permafrost region is highly sensitive to the decomposability of deeper carbon, with the net balance ranging from 21 Pg C to 164 Pg C losses by 2300. Increased soil nitrogen mineralization reduces nutrient limitations, but the impact of deep nitrogen on the carbon budget is small due to enhanced nitrogen availability from warming surface soils and seasonal asynchrony between deeper nitrogen availability and plant nitrogen demands. Although nitrogen dynamics are highly uncertain, the future carbon balance of this region is projected to hinge more on the rate and extent of permafrost thaw and soil decomposition than on enhanced nitrogen availability for vegetation growth resulting from permafrost thaw.
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Schädel C, Schuur EAG, Bracho R, Elberling B, Knoblauch C, Lee H, Luo Y, Shaver GR, Turetsky MR. Circumpolar assessment of permafrost C quality and its vulnerability over time using long-term incubation data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:641-52. [PMID: 24399755 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude ecosystems store approximately 1700 Pg of soil carbon (C), which is twice as much C as is currently contained in the atmosphere. Permafrost thaw and subsequent microbial decomposition of permafrost organic matter could add large amounts of C to the atmosphere, thereby influencing the global C cycle. The rates at which C is being released from the permafrost zone at different soil depths and across different physiographic regions are poorly understood but crucial in understanding future changes in permafrost C storage with climate change. We assessed the inherent decomposability of C from the permafrost zone by assembling a database of long-term (>1 year) aerobic soil incubations from 121 individual samples from 23 high-latitude ecosystems located across the northern circumpolar permafrost zone. Using a three-pool (i.e., fast, slow and passive) decomposition model, we estimated pool sizes for C fractions with different turnover times and their inherent decomposition rates using a reference temperature of 5 °C. Fast cycling C accounted for less than 5% of all C in both organic and mineral soils whereas the pool size of slow cycling C increased with C : N. Turnover time at 5 °C of fast cycling C typically was below 1 year, between 5 and 15 years for slow turning over C, and more than 500 years for passive C. We project that between 20 and 90% of the organic C could potentially be mineralized to CO2 within 50 incubation years at a constant temperature of 5 °C, with vulnerability to loss increasing in soils with higher C : N. These results demonstrate the variation in the vulnerability of C stored in permafrost soils based on inherent differences in organic matter decomposability, and point toward C : N as an index of decomposability that has the potential to be used to scale permafrost C loss across landscapes.
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Fan Z, Jastrow JD, Liang C, Matamala R, Miller RM. Priming effects in boreal black spruce forest soils: quantitative evaluation and sensitivity analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77880. [PMID: 24205010 PMCID: PMC3813770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies show that introduction of fresh and easily decomposable organic carbon (OC) into soil-water systems can stimulate the decomposition of soil OC (SOC) via priming effects in temperate forests, shrublands, grasslands, and agro-ecosystems. However, priming effects are still not well understood in the field setting for temperate ecosystems and virtually nothing is known about priming effects (e.g., existence, frequency, and magnitude) in boreal ecosystems. In this study, a coupled dissolved OC (DOC) transport and microbial biomass dynamics model was developed to simultaneously simulate co-occurring hydrological, physical, and biological processes and their interactions in soil pore-water systems. The developed model was then used to examine the importance of priming effects in two black spruce forest soils, with and without underlying permafrost. Our simulations showed that priming effects were strongly controlled by the frequency and intensity of DOC input, with greater priming effects associated with greater DOC inputs. Sensitivity analyses indicated that priming effects were most sensitive to variations in the quality of SOC, followed by variations in microbial biomass dynamics (i.e., microbial death and maintenance respiration), highlighting the urgent need to better discern these key parameters in future experiments and to consider these dynamics in existing ecosystem models. Water movement carries DOC to deep soil layers that have high SOC stocks in boreal soils. Thus, greater priming effects were predicted for the site with favorable water movement than for the site with limited water flow, suggesting that priming effects might be accelerated for sites where permafrost degradation leads to the formation of dry thermokarst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Fan
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Julie D. Jastrow
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chao Liang
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Roser Matamala
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Raymond Michael Miller
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
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Laganière J, Paré D, Bergeron Y, Chen HYH, Brassard BW, Cavard X. Stability of Soil Carbon Stocks Varies with Forest Composition in the Canadian Boreal Biome. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fan Z, David McGuire A, Turetsky MR, Harden JW, Michael Waddington J, Kane ES. The response of soil organic carbon of a rich fen peatland in interior Alaska to projected climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:604-620. [PMID: 23504796 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the fate of carbon in boreal peatland soils in response to climate change because a substantial change in release of this carbon as CO2 and CH4 could influence the climate system. The goal of this research was to synthesize the results of a field water table manipulation experiment conducted in a boreal rich fen into a process-based model to understand how soil organic carbon (SOC) of the rich fen might respond to projected climate change. This model, the peatland version of the dynamic organic soil Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (peatland DOS-TEM), was calibrated with data collected during 2005-2011 from the control treatment of a boreal rich fen in the Alaska Peatland Experiment (APEX). The performance of the model was validated with the experimental data measured from the raised and lowered water-table treatments of APEX during the same period. The model was then applied to simulate future SOC dynamics of the rich fen control site under various CO2 emission scenarios. The results across these emissions scenarios suggest that the rate of SOC sequestration in the rich fen will increase between year 2012 and 2061 because the effects of warming increase heterotrophic respiration less than they increase carbon inputs via production. However, after 2061, the rate of SOC sequestration will be weakened and, as a result, the rich fen will likely become a carbon source to the atmosphere between 2062 and 2099. During this period, the effects of projected warming increase respiration so that it is greater than carbon inputs via production. Although changes in precipitation alone had relatively little effect on the dynamics of SOC, changes in precipitation did interact with warming to influence SOC dynamics for some climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Fan
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA.
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Harden JW, Manies KL, O'Donnell J, Johnson K, Frolking S, Fan Z. Spatiotemporal analysis of black spruce forest soils and implications for the fate of C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grosse G, Harden J, Turetsky M, McGuire AD, Camill P, Tarnocai C, Frolking S, Schuur EAG, Jorgenson T, Marchenko S, Romanovsky V, Wickland KP, French N, Waldrop M, Bourgeau-Chavez L, Striegl RG. Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yi S, McGuire AD, Kasischke E, Harden J, Manies K, Mack M, Turetsky M. A dynamic organic soil biogeochemical model for simulating the effects of wildfire on soil environmental conditions and carbon dynamics of black spruce forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith-Downey NV, Sunderland EM, Jacob DJ. Anthropogenic impacts on global storage and emissions of mercury from terrestrial soils: Insights from a new global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Comparing measured and modelled forest carbon stocks in high-boreal forests of harvest and natural-disturbance origin in Labrador, Canada. Ecol Modell 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fan Z, Neff JC, Harden JW, Wickland KP. Boreal soil carbon dynamics under a changing climate: A model inversion approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Fan
- Geological Sciences Department; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jason C. Neff
- Geological Sciences Department; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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O’Donnell JA, Turetsky MR, Harden JW, Manies KL, Pruett LE, Shetler G, Neff JC. Interactive Effects of Fire, Soil Climate, and Moss on CO2 Fluxes in Black Spruce Ecosystems of Interior Alaska. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shen W, Jenerette GD, Hui D, Phillips RP, Ren H. Effects of changing precipitation regimes on dryland soil respiration and C pool dynamics at rainfall event, seasonal and interannual scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carbon storage in the organic layers of boreal forest soils under various moisture conditions: A model study for Northern Sweden sites. Ecol Modell 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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