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Stewart M, Ohno PE, McKinney K, Martin ST. Prediction of the Response of a Photoionization Detector to a Complex Gaseous Mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by α-Pinene Oxidation. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1956-1970. [PMID: 37876663 PMCID: PMC10592314 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoionization detectors (PIDs) are lightweight and respond in real time to the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), making them suitable for environmental measurements on many platforms. However, the nonselective sensing mechanism of PIDs challenges data interpretation, particularly when exposed to the complex VOC mixtures prevalent in the Earth's atmosphere. Herein, two approaches to this challenge are investigated. In the first, quantum-chemistry calculations are used to estimate photoionization cross sections and ionization potentials of individual species. In the second, machine learning models are trained on these calculated values, as well as empirical PID response factors, and then used for prediction. For both approaches, the resulting information for individual species is used to model the overall PID response to a complex VOC mixture. In complement, laboratory experiments in the Harvard Environmental Chamber are carried out to measure the PID response to the complex molecular mixture produced by α-pinene oxidation under various conditions. The observations show that the measured PID response is 15% to 30% smaller than the PID response modeled by quantum-chemistry calculations of the photoionization cross section for the photo-oxidation experiments and 15% to 20% for the ozonolysis experiments. By comparison, the measured PID response is captured within a 95% confidence interval by the use of machine learning to model the PID response based on the empirical response factor in all experiments. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the application of machine learning to augment the performance of a nonselective chemical sensor. The approach can be generalized to other reactive species, oxidants, and reaction mechanisms, thus enhancing the utility and interpretability of PID measurements for studying atmospheric VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
P. Stewart
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Paul E. Ohno
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Karena McKinney
- Department
of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
| | - Scot T. Martin
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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2
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Ringsdorf A, Edtbauer A, Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J, Pfannerstill EY, Gromov S, Kumar V, Pozzer A, Wolff S, Tsokankunku A, Soergel M, Sá MO, Araújo A, Ditas F, Poehlker C, Lelieveld J, Williams J. Inferring the diurnal variability of OH radical concentrations over the Amazon from BVOC measurements. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14900. [PMID: 37689759 PMCID: PMC10492859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at the forest-atmosphere interface region between 80 and 325 m from 07:00 to 15:00 LT using BVOC measurements. A dynamic time warping approach was applied showing that median averaged mixing times between 80 to 325 m decrease from 105 to 15 min over this time period. The inferred OH concentrations show evidence for an early morning OH peak (07:00-08:00 LT) and an OH maximum (14:00 LT) reaching 2.2 (0.2, 3.8) × 106 molecules cm-3 controlled by the coupling between BVOC emission fluxes, nocturnal NOx accumulation, convective turbulence, air chemistry and photolysis rates. The results were evaluated with a turbulence resolving transport (DALES), a regional scale (WRF-Chem) and a global (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ringsdorf
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
| | - A Edtbauer
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Y Pfannerstill
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Gromov
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - V Kumar
- Satellite Remote Sensing Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Pozzer
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Wolff
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Tsokankunku
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Soergel
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sachgebiet Arbeitssicherheit, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M O Sá
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - A Araújo
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Amazonia Oriental, Belém, CEP 66095-100, Brazil
| | - F Ditas
- Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - C Poehlker
- Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Lelieveld
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 1645, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - J Williams
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 1645, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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3
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Zulkifli MFH, Hawari NSSL, Latif MT, Hamid HHA, Mohtar AAA, Idris WMRW, Mustaffa NIH, Juneng L. Volatile organic compounds and their contribution to ground-level ozone formation in a tropical urban environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134852. [PMID: 35533940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the trends of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and their potential contribution to O3 formation. The hourly data (August 2017 to July 2018) for 29 VOCs were obtained from three Malaysian Department of Environment continuous air quality monitoring stations with different urban backgrounds (Shah Alam, Cheras, Seremban). The Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) was calculated based on the individual Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) and VOC concentrations. The results showed that the highest mean total VOC concentrations were recorded at Cheras (148 ± 123 μg m-3), within the Kuala Lumpur urban environment, followed by Shah Alam (124 ± 116 μg m-3) and Seremban (86.4 ± 89.2 μg m-3). VOCs such as n-butane, ethene, ethane and toluene were reported to be the most abundant species at all the selected stations, with overall mean concentrations of 16.6 ± 11.9 μg m-3, 12.1 ± 13.3 μg m-3, 10.8 ± 11.9 μg m-3 and 9.67 ± 9.00 μg m-3, respectively. Alkenes (51.3-59.1%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (26.4-33.5%) have been identified as the major contributors to O3 formation in the study areas based on the overall VOC measurements. Relative humidity was found to influence the concentrations of VOCs more than other meteorological parameters. Overall, this study will contribute to further understanding of the distribution of VOCs and their contribution to O3 formation, particularly in the tropical urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizul Hilmi Zulkifli
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia; Air Division, Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Water, 62574, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nor Syamimi Sufiera Limi Hawari
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Anis Asma Ahmad Mohtar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Razi Wan Idris
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liew Juneng
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
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Chiral monoterpenes reveal forest emission mechanisms and drought responses. Nature 2022; 609:307-312. [PMID: 36071188 PMCID: PMC9452298 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes (C10H16) are emitted in large quantities by vegetation to the atmosphere (>100 TgC year-1), where they readily react with hydroxyl radicals and ozone to form new particles and, hence, clouds, affecting the Earth's radiative budget and, thereby, climate change1-3. Although most monoterpenes exist in two chiral mirror-image forms termed enantiomers, these (+) and (-) forms are rarely distinguished in measurement or modelling studies4-6. Therefore, the individual formation pathways of monoterpene enantiomers in plants and their ecological functions are poorly understood. Here we present enantiomerically separated atmospheric monoterpene and isoprene data from an enclosed tropical rainforest ecosystem in the absence of ultraviolet light and atmospheric oxidation chemistry, during a four-month controlled drought and rewetting experiment7. Surprisingly, the emitted enantiomers showed distinct diel emission peaks, which responded differently to progressive drying. Isotopic labelling established that vegetation emitted mainly de novo-synthesized (-)-α-pinene, whereas (+)-α-pinene was emitted from storage pools. As drought progressed, the source of (-)-α-pinene emissions shifted to storage pools, favouring cloud formation. Pre-drought mixing ratios of both α-pinene enantiomers correlated better with other monoterpenes than with each other, indicating different enzymatic controls. These results show that enantiomeric distribution is key to understanding the underlying processes driving monoterpene emissions from forest ecosystems and predicting atmospheric feedbacks in response to climate change.
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5
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Mu Z, Llusià J, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Asensio D, Yang K, Yi Z, Wang X, Peñuelas J. An Overview of the Isoprenoid Emissions From Tropical Plant Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833030. [PMID: 35668805 PMCID: PMC9163954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial vegetation is the largest contributor of isoprenoids (a group of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)) to the atmosphere. BVOC emission data comes mostly from temperate regions, and less is known about BVOC emissions from tropical vegetation, even though it is estimated to be responsible for >70% of BVOC emissions. This review summarizes the available data and our current understanding of isoprenoid emissions from tropical plant species and the spatial and temporal variation in emissions, which are strongly species-specific and regionally variable. Emission models lacking foliar level data for tropical species need to revise their parameters to account for seasonal and diurnal variation due to differences in dependencies on temperature and light of emissions from plants in other ecosystems. More experimental information and determining how emission capacity varies during foliar development are warranted to account for seasonal variations more explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jianqiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaijun Yang
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Xue Y, Wang L, Liu S, Huang Y, Chen L, Cui L, Cao J. Upward trend and formation of surface ozone in the Guanzhong Basin, Northwest China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128175. [PMID: 34995999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increase trend of surface ozone (O3) was observed in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB) from 2014 to 2020 with growth rates of 3.9-6.4 μg m-3 yr-1 for the maximum daily average 8 h (MDA8) O3 concentrations. To further understand the formation of O3, investigation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was carried out in the summer of 2018. High levels of VOCs were observed in both residential area and industrialized cities. Elevated concentrations of none-methane Hydrocarbon (NMHCs) were observed in rush hours, which indicated dominated roles of traffic activities on the loading of ambient VOCs. In the nighttime, both of NMHCs and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were raised, and the peaks of VOCs kept pace with accumulation of O3. Wind field indicated that northward and westward air mass, which passed through the remote forest and industrial area in east of the GZB, was responsible to elevated ambient VOCs in the GZB. Traffic emission, fuel evaporation, and solvent using were key contributors to ambient NMHCs, while solvent using and secondary formation dominated the loading of OVOCs. The present study indicated that both local management and regional collaborative control on active VOCs species from typical sources is urgently needed in GZB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xue
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Long Cui
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
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7
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Li X, Cheng T, Shi S, Guo H, Wu Y, Lei M, Zuo X, Wang W, Han Z. Evaluating the impacts of burning biomass on PM 2.5 regional transport under various emission conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148481. [PMID: 34175604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by burning biomass has become the main source of pollution in cities; this pollution seriously threatens the ecosystem and inhabitants' health. A major challenge in dealing with this issue is the uncertainty regarding the influence of burning biomass on PM2.5 regional transport. In this study, Harbin-Changchun Megalopolis is the research area. Using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model combined with satellite data and PM2.5 monitoring data, we quantitatively analyzed the regional transport of PM2.5 from burning biomass upwind of each city under different emission conditions. Conditions at burn sites, especially emission intensity and meteorological factors, as well as transport distance play significant roles in the regional transport of PM2.5. Higher emission intensity aggravated the concentration of downwind PM2.5, at most 19.7 μg ⋅ m-3. Shorter transport distance strengthened the impact of biomass burning on downstream PM2.5 by weakening elimination, which could be up to 96.8 μg ⋅ m-3. Moreover, meteorological factors at fire points were closely related to the transport of PM2.5. First, lower planetary boundary layer height could enhance the transport of PM2.5 from the burning biomass by inhibiting vertical diffusion, and the enhancement could be up to 46.1 μg ⋅ m-3. Second, compared to strong wind, light wind caused the weaker dilution, enhancing PM2.5 regional transport by as much as 32.5 μg ⋅ m-3. Third, relatively humidity at 30%-40% had the strongest effect in facilitating the transport of PM2.5 from burning biomass. We conclude that comprehensively considering these three factors, namely the emission intensity, transport distance and meteorological factors at burn sites can facilitate the cross-regional development of accurate prediction models and effective pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Shuaiyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Drewer J, Leduning MM, Purser G, Cash JM, Sentian J, Skiba UM. Monoterpenes from tropical forest and oil palm plantation floor in Malaysian Borneo/Sabah: emission and composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31792-31802. [PMID: 33611733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regional estimates of VOC fluxes focus largely on emissions from the canopy and omit potential contributions from the forest floor including soil, litter and understorey vegetation. Here, we measured monoterpene emissions every 2 months over 2 years from logged tropical forest and oil palm plantation floor in Malaysian Borneo using static flux chambers. The main emitted monoterpenes were α-pinene, β-pinene and d-limonene. The amount of litter present was the strongest indicator for higher monoterpene fluxes. Mean α-pinene fluxes were around 2.5-3.5 μg C m-2 h-1 from the forest floor with occasional fluxes exceeding 100 μg C m-2 h-1. Fluxes from the oil palm plantation, where hardly any litter was present, were lower (on average 0.5-2.9 μg C m-2 h-1) and only higher when litter was present. All other measured monoterpenes were emitted at lower rates. No seasonal trends could be identified for all monoterpenes and mean fluxes from both forest and plantation floor were ~ 100 times smaller than canopy emission rates reported in the literature. Occasional spikes of higher emissions from the forest floor, however, warrant further investigation in terms of underlying processes and their contribution to regional scale atmospheric fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drewer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Melissa M Leduning
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 84400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Gemma Purser
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - James M Cash
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Justin Sentian
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 84400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Ute M Skiba
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
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9
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Mo Z, Huang S, Yuan B, Pei C, Song Q, Qi J, Wang M, Wang B, Wang C, Li M, Zhang Q, Shao M. Deriving emission fluxes of volatile organic compounds from tower observation in the Pearl River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:139763. [PMID: 32886964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of speciated emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is challenging due to the complexity of both species and sources. Evaluation of the bottom-up emission inventory (EI) by atmospheric observation is needed to better understand the VOC emissions and then to control air pollutions caused by VOCs. This study conducts vertical measurements of VOCs between November 3 and 11, 2018 at the Canton Tower in the urban core of Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. A mixed layer gradient (MLG) technique is applied to the tower observation data to derive emission fluxes for individual VOC. The results show that the measured VOCs concentrations at ground level were always higher than those at the heights of 118 m and 488 m. Obvious vertical gradients of concentrations were found for VOC species, such as benzene, toluene and isoprene. The emission flux was estimated to be largest for propane (3.29 mg m-2 h-1), followed by toluene (2.55 mg m-2 h-1), isoprene (2.24 mg m-2 h-1), n-butane (2.10 mg m-2 h-1) and iso-pentane (1.73 mg m-2 h-1). The total VOC emission fluxes were around 3 times larger than those in the EI, suggesting 1.5-2 times underestimations of ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) by current EI. Substantial underestimations (3-20 times) were found for C2-C5 alkanes by current EI. Due to unmeasured input parameters, limited sample size and short sampling period, there are still large uncertainties (40%-117%) in the estimated emission fluxes for individual species. Whereas, this study shows that the tower observation and emission estimation using MLG method could provide useful information for better understanding vertical distributions and emission fluxes of VOCs, and pioneer in assessing the existing emission inventories at species-level and hour-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Mo
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Chenglei Pei
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Qicong Song
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jipeng Qi
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Baolin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
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10
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Bourtsoukidis E, Alves EG, Bauwens M, Stavrakou T, Llusià J, Filella I, Guenther A, Williams J, Artaxo P, Sindelarova K, Doubalova J, Kesselmeier J, Peñuelas J. Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4722-4751. [PMID: 32445424 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles at cellular, foliar, ecosystem and atmospheric levels. The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources of BVOCs, so its study is essential for understanding BVOC dynamics. It also provides insights into the role of such large and biodiverse forest ecosystem in regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. We review the current information on Amazonian BVOCs and identify future research priorities exploring biogenic emissions and drivers, ecological interactions, atmospheric impacts, depositional processes and modifications to BVOC dynamics due to changes in climate and land cover. A feedback loop between Amazonian BVOCs and the trends of climate and land-use changes in Amazonia is then constructed. Satellite observations and model simulation time series demonstrate the validity of the proposed loop showing a combined effect of climate change and deforestation on BVOC emission in Amazonia. A decreasing trend of isoprene during the wet season, most likely due to forest biomass loss, and an increasing trend of the sesquiterpene to isoprene ratio during the dry season suggest increasing temperature stress-induced emissions due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Yáñez-Serrano
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Efstratios Bourtsoukidis
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eliane G Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Maite Bauwens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alex Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katerina Sindelarova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Doubalova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Modelling and Assessment Department, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jürgen Kesselmeier
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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11
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Maji S, Beig G, Yadav R. Winter VOCs and OVOCs measured with PTR-MS at an urban site of India: Role of emissions, meteorology and photochemical sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113651. [PMID: 31806461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the outline of air quality studies at metropolitan city, the mixing ratios of seven selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during December 2015 (winter) at an urban site of Pune. The measurement of VOCs was conducted using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS). The study represents daily variability of ambient VOCs and their various associated emission sources. Diurnal profiles have differed from one VOC to another as the result of their different origins and the influence of different meteorological parameters (i.e. solar radiation, temperature) and planetary boundary layer height (PBL-H). The hourly mixing ratios of Oxygenated-VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics were in the ranges of 0.6-29 ppbv and 0.13-14 ppbv, respectively with OVOCs accounted for up to 75% of total measured VOCs. The role of long-range transport from the clear Thar Desert and polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was observed during the episodes of 1-15 and 17-31 December 2015, respectively. VOCs showed the strong diurnal variations with peaks during morning and evening hours and lowest in the afternoon. In the evening period, high levels of aromatics coincided with the lowest OVOCs suggests the role of fresh vehicular emissions. Emission ratios of various VOCs as a function of temperature showed the role of different sources including the biogenic and photochemical production as well as the anthropogenic sources, respectively. The higher emission ratio of Δmethanol/Δacetonitrile at the study site suggests the long range transport of biomass burning plumes from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the 17-31, Dec. 2015. In addition to the pattern of emission, the diurnal and day-to-day variations of VOCs were influenced by the local meteorological conditions and depth of planetary boundary layer (PBL-H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Maji
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India.
| | - Gufran Beig
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India.
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12
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Yadav R, Sahu LK, Tripathi N, Pal D, Beig G, Jaaffrey SNA. Investigation of emission characteristics of NMVOCs over urban site of western India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:245-255. [PMID: 31153029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to characterize the variation and emission of C2-C5 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in a semi-urban site of western India based on measurements during February-December 2015. Anthropogenic NMVOCs show clear seasonal dependence with highest in winter and lowest in monsoon season. Biogenic NMVOCs likes isoprene show highest mixing ratios in the pre-monsoon season. The diurnal variation of NMVOC species can be described by elevated values from night till morning and lower values in the afternoon hours. The elevated levels of NMVOCs during night and early morning hours were caused mainly by weaker winds, temperature inversion and reduced chemical loss. The correlations between NMVOCs, CO and NOx indicate the dominant role of various local emission sources. Use and leakage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) contributed to the elevated levels of propane and butanes. Mixing ratios of ethylene, propylene, CO, NOx, etc. show predominant emissions from combustion of fuels in automobiles and industries. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionments were performed for the seven major emission sectors (i.e. Vehicular exhaust, Mixed industrial emissions, Biomass/Fired brick kilns/Bio-fuel, Petrochem, LPG, Gas evaporation, Biogenic). Emissions from vehicle exhaust and industry-related sources contributed to about 19% and 40% of the NMVOCs, respectively. And the rest (41%) was attributed to the emissions from biogenic sources, LPG, gasoline evaporation and biomass burning. Diurnal and seasonal variations of NMVOCs were controlled by local emissions, meteorology, OH concentrations, long-range transport and planetary boundary layer height. This study provides a good reference for framing environmental policies to improve the air quality in western region of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Space and Atmospheric Science Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - L K Sahu
- Space and Atmospheric Science Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nidhi Tripathi
- Space and Atmospheric Science Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj, Gandhinagar, India
| | - D Pal
- Space and Atmospheric Science Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - G Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
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13
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Liu Y, Chase HM, Geiger FM. Partially (resp. fully) reversible adsorption of monoterpenes (resp. alkanes and cycloalkanes) to fused silica. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5083585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hilary M. Chase
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Seco R, Kim S, Guenther AB, Goldstein AH, Keutsch FN, Springston SR, Watson TB, Artaxo P, Souza RAF, McKinney KA, Martin ST. Isoprene photo-oxidation products quantify the effect of pollution on hydroxyl radicals over Amazonia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2547. [PMID: 29651460 PMCID: PMC5895449 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emitted from human activities are believed to regulate the atmospheric oxidation capacity of the troposphere. However, observational evidence is limited for the low-to-median NO x concentrations prevalent outside of polluted regions. Directly measuring oxidation capacity, represented primarily by hydroxyl radicals (OH), is challenging, and the span in NO x concentrations at a single observation site is often not wide. Concentrations of isoprene and its photo-oxidation products were used to infer the equivalent noontime OH concentrations. The fetch at an observation site in central Amazonia experienced varied contributions from background regional air, urban pollution, and biomass burning. The afternoon concentrations of reactive nitrogen oxides (NO y ), indicative of NO x exposure during the preceding few hours, spanned from 0.3 to 3.5 parts per billion. Accompanying the increase of NO y concentration, the inferred equivalent noontime OH concentrations increased by at least 250% from 0.6 × 106 to 1.6 × 106 cm-3. The conclusion is that, compared to background conditions of low NO x concentrations over the Amazon forest, pollution increased NO x concentrations and amplified OH concentrations, indicating the susceptibility of the atmospheric oxidation capacity over the forest to anthropogenic influence and reinforcing the important role of NO x in sustaining OH concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Roger Seco
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Saewung Kim
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Alex B. Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frank N. Keutsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephen R. Springston
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Thomas B. Watson
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. F. Souza
- Department of Meteorology, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas 69050, Brazil
| | - Karena A. McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Scot T. Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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15
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Yuan B, Koss AR, Warneke C, Coggon M, Sekimoto K, de Gouw JA. Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric Sciences. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13187-13229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Institute
for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Abigail R. Koss
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew Coggon
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kanako Sekimoto
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Graduate
School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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16
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Sahu LK, Tripathi N, Yadav R. Contribution of biogenic and photochemical sources to ambient VOCs during winter to summer transition at a semi-arid urban site in India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:595-606. [PMID: 28689148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the sources and characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured using PTR-TOF-MS instrument in a metropolitan city of India during winter to summer transition period. Mixing ratios of VOCs exhibited strong diurnal, day-to-day and episodic variations. Methanol was the most dominant species with monthly mean values of 18-22 pbbv. The emission ratios of VOCs relative to benzene calculated from nighttime data were used to estimate the relative contributions of vehicle exhaust and other sources. The increasing daytime ratios of oxygenated-VOCs (OVOCs)/benzene and isoprene/benzene from February to March indicates increasing contribution of photo-oxidation and biogenic sources. Daytime fractions of acetone (18%), acetaldehyde (15%) and isoprene (4.5%) to the sum of measured VOCs in March were higher than those in February. Variations of VOCs at lower temperatures (<25 °C) were predominantly controlled by anthropogenic sources. At high temperatures, particularly in the range of 32-40 °C during March, levels of OVOCs and isoprene were influenced by biogenic emissions. The emissions of OVOCs from vehicle exhaust were estimated to be smaller (20-40%) than those from other sources. The contributions of biogenic and secondary sources to OVOCs and isoprene increased by 10-15% from winter to summer. This study provides evidence that the winter-to-summer transition has an impact on sources and composition of VOCs in tropical urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Sahu
- Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, India.
| | - Nidhi Tripathi
- Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
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17
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Airborne observations reveal elevational gradient in tropical forest isoprene emissions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15541. [PMID: 28534494 PMCID: PMC5457511 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene dominates global non-methane volatile organic compound emissions, and impacts tropospheric chemistry by influencing oxidants and aerosols. Isoprene emission rates vary over several orders of magnitude for different plants, and characterizing this immense biological chemodiversity is a challenge for estimating isoprene emission from tropical forests. Here we present the isoprene emission estimates from aircraft eddy covariance measurements over the Amazonian forest. We report isoprene emission rates that are three times higher than satellite top-down estimates and 35% higher than model predictions. The results reveal strong correlations between observed isoprene emission rates and terrain elevations, which are confirmed by similar correlations between satellite-derived isoprene emissions and terrain elevations. We propose that the elevational gradient in the Amazonian forest isoprene emission capacity is determined by plant species distributions and can substantially explain isoprene emission variability in tropical forests, and use a model to demonstrate the resulting impacts on regional air quality. Isoprene emissions are commonly estimated using satellite measurements and model simulations. Here, using eddy covariance, the authors report higher emission rates over the Amazon forest than those estimated with these techniques and a relationship between terrain elevation and isoprene emissions.
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18
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Chemical Ionization. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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19
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Wang X, Situ S, Chen W, Zheng J, Guenther A, Fan Q, Chang M. Numerical model to quantify biogenic volatile organic compound emissions: The Pearl River Delta region as a case study. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 46:72-82. [PMID: 27521938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that, more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shuping Situ
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Foshan Environmental Monitoring Center, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Alex Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA
| | - Qi Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ming Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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20
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Abstract
Isoprene photooxidation is a major driver of atmospheric chemistry over forested regions. Isoprene reacts with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and molecular oxygen to produce isoprene peroxy radicals (ISOPOO). These radicals can react with hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) to dominantly produce hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). They can also react with nitric oxide (NO) to largely produce methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR). Unimolecular isomerization and bimolecular reactions with organic peroxy radicals are also possible. There is uncertainty about the relative importance of each of these pathways in the atmosphere and possible changes because of anthropogenic pollution. Herein, measurements of ISOPOOH and MVK + MACR concentrations are reported over the central region of the Amazon basin during the wet season. The research site, downwind of an urban region, intercepted both background and polluted air masses during the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. Under background conditions, the confidence interval for the ratio of the ISOPOOH concentration to that of MVK + MACR spanned 0.4-0.6. This result implies a ratio of the reaction rate of ISOPOO with HO2 to that with NO of approximately unity. A value of unity is significantly smaller than simulated at present by global chemical transport models for this important, nominally low-NO, forested region of Earth. Under polluted conditions, when the concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds were high (>1 ppb), ISOPOOH concentrations dropped below the instrumental detection limit (<60 ppt). This abrupt shift in isoprene photooxidation, sparked by human activities, speaks to ongoing and possible future changes in the photochemistry active over the Amazon rainforest.
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21
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Removal of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds via Photocatalytic Oxidation: A Short Review and Prospect. Molecules 2016; 21:56. [PMID: 26742024 PMCID: PMC6273848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in indoor environments. Inhalation of VOCs can cause irritation, difficulty breathing, and nausea, and damage the central nervous system as well as other organs. Formaldehyde is a particularly important VOC as it is even a carcinogen. Removal of VOCs is thus critical to control indoor air quality (IAQ). Photocatalytic oxidation has demonstrated feasibility to remove toxic VOCs and formaldehyde from indoor environments. The technique is highly-chemical stable, inexpensive, non-toxic, and capable of removing a wide variety of organics under light irradiation. In this paper, we review and summarize the traditional air cleaning methods and current photocatalytic oxidation approaches in both of VOCs and formaldehyde degradation in indoor environments. Influencing factors such as temperature, relative humidity, deactivation and reactivations of the photocatalyst are discussed. Aspects of the application of the photocatalytic technique to improve the IAQ are suggested.
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22
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St. Clair JM, Rivera-Rios JC, Crounse JD, Praske E, Kim MJ, Wolfe GM, Keutsch FN, Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF. Investigation of a potential HCHO measurement artifact from ISOPOOH. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2016; 9:4561-4568. [PMID: 29636831 PMCID: PMC5889939 DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-4561-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent laboratory experiments have shown that a first generation isoprene oxidation product, ISOPOOH, can decompose to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) on instrument surfaces, leading to overestimates of MVK and MACR concentrations. Formaldehyde (HCHO) was suggested as a decomposition co-product, raising concern that in situ HCHO measurements may also be affected by an ISOPOOH interference. The HCHO measurement artifact from ISOPOOH for the NASA In Situ Airborne Formaldehyde instrument (ISAF) was investigated for the two major ISOPOOH isomers, (1,2)-ISOPOOH and (4,3)-ISOPOOH, under dry and humid conditions. The dry conversion of ISOPOOH to HCHO was 3±2% and 6±4% for (1,2)-ISOPOOH and (4,3)-ISOPOOH, respectively. Under humid (RH= 40-60%) conditions, conversion to HCHO was 6±4% for (1,2)-ISOPOOH and 10±5% for (4,3)-ISOPOOH. The measurement artifact caused by conversion of ISOPOOH to HCHO in the ISAF instrument was estimated for data obtained on the 2013 September 6 flight of the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) campaign. Prompt ISOPOOH conversion to HCHO was the source for <4% of the observed HCHO, including in the high-isoprene boundary layer. Time-delayed conversion, where previous exposure to ISOPOOH affects measured HCHO later in flight, was conservatively estimated to be < 10% of observed HCHO and is significant only when high ISOPOOH sampling periods immediately precede periods of low HCHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. St. Clair
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Jean C. Rivera-Rios
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Eric Praske
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Michelle J. Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Frank N. Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
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Seco R, Karl T, Guenther A, Hosman KP, Pallardy SG, Gu L, Geron C, Harley P, Kim S. Ecosystem‐scale volatile organic compound fluxes during an extreme drought in a broadleaf temperate forest of the Missouri Ozarks (central
USA
). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3657-74. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Seco
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Thomas Karl
- Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Alex Guenther
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Kevin P. Hosman
- Department of Forestry University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | | | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Chris Geron
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA
| | - Peter Harley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80301 USA
| | - Saewung Kim
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
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24
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Rosenkranz M, Pugh TAM, Schnitzler JP, Arneth A. Effect of land-use change and management on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions--selecting climate-smart cultivars. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1896-1912. [PMID: 25255900 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change (LUC) has fundamentally altered the form and function of the terrestrial biosphere. Increasing human population, the drive for higher living standards and the potential challenges of mitigating and adapting to global environmental change mean that further changes in LUC are unavoidable. LUC has direct consequences on climate not only via emissions of greenhouse gases and changing the surface energy balance but also by affecting the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Isoprenoids, which dominate global BVOC emissions, are highly reactive and strongly modify atmospheric composition. The effects of LUC on BVOC emissions and related atmospheric chemistry have been largely ignored so far. However, compared with natural ecosystems, most tree species used in bioenergy plantations are strong BVOC emitters, whereas intensively cultivated crops typically emit less BVOCs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on LUC-driven BVOC emissions and how these might affect atmospheric composition and climate. We further discuss land management and plant-breeding strategies, which could be taken to move towards climate-friendly BVOC emissions while simultaneously maintaining or improving key ecosystem functions such as crop yield under a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Rosenkranz
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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25
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González NJD, Borg-Karlson AK, Artaxo P, Guenther A, Krejci R, Nozière B, Noone K. Primary and secondary organics in the tropical Amazonian rainforest aerosols: chiral analysis of 2-methyltetraols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1413-1421. [PMID: 24777436 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the application of a new method to facilitate the distinction between biologically produced (primary) and atmospherically produced (secondary) organic compounds in ambient aerosols based on their chirality. The compounds chosen for this analysis were the stereomers of 2-methyltetraols, (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-methylerythritol, (l- and d-form, respectively), and (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-methylthreitol (l- and d-form), shown previously to display some enantiomeric excesses in atmospheric aerosols, thus to have at least a partial biological origin. In this work PM10 aerosol fractions were collected in a remote tropical rainforest environment near Manaus, Brazil, between June 2008 and June 2009 and analysed. Both 2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol displayed a net excess of one enantiomer (either the l- or the d-form) in 60 to 72% of these samples. These net enantiomeric excesses corresponded to compounds entirely biological but accounted for only about 5% of the total 2-methyltetrol mass in all the samples. Further analysis showed that, in addition, a large mass of the racemic fractions (equal mixtures of d- and l-forms) was also biological. Estimating the contribution of secondary reactions from the isomeric ratios measured in the samples (=ratios 2-methylthreitol over 2-methylerythritol), the mass fraction of secondary methyltetrols in these samples was estimated to a maximum of 31% and their primary fraction to a minimum of 69%. Such large primary fractions could have been expected in PM10 aerosols, largely influenced by biological emissions, and would now need to be investigated in finer aerosols. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of chiral and isomeric analyses as the first direct tool to assess the primary and secondary fractions of organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J D González
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Brito JF, Barbosa HMJ, Arana A, Sena ET, Cirino GG, Bastos W, Martin ST, Andreae MO. Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: from natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions. Faraday Discuss 2014; 165:203-35. [PMID: 24601004 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the wet season, a large portion of the Amazon region constitutes one of the most pristine continental areas, with very low concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles. However, land use change modifies the biosphere-atmosphere interactions in such a way that key processes that maintain the functioning of Amazonia are substantially altered. This study presents a comparison between aerosol properties observed at a preserved forest site in Central Amazonia (TT34 North of Manaus) and at a heavily biomass burning impacted site in south-western Amazonia (PVH, close to Porto Velho). Amazonian aerosols were characterized in detail, including aerosol size distributions, aerosol light absorption and scattering, optical depth and aerosol inorganic and organic composition, among other properties. The central Amazonia site (TT34) showed low aerosol concentrations (PM2.5 of 1.3 +/- 0.7 microg m(-3) and 3.4 +/- 2.0 microg m(-3) in the wet and dry seasons, respectively), with a median particle number concentration of 220 cm(-3) in the wet season and 2200 cm(-3) in the dry season. At the impacted site (PVH), aerosol loadings were one order of magnitude higher (PM2.5 of 10.2 +/- 9.0 microg m(-3) and 33.0 +/- 36.0 microg m(-3) in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The aerosol number concentration at the impacted site ranged from 680 cm(-3) in the wet season up to 20 000 cm(-3) in the dry season. An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed in 2013 at both sites, and it shows that organic aerosol account to 81% to the non-refractory PM1 aerosol loading at TT34, while biomass burning aerosols at PVH shows a 93% content of organic particles. Three years of filter-based elemental composition measurements shows that sulphate at the impacted site decreases, on average, from 12% of PM2.5 mass during the wet season to 5% in the dry season. This result corroborates the ACSM finding that the biomass burning contributed overwhelmingly to the organic fine mode aerosol during the dry season in this region. Aerosol light scattering and absorption coefficients at the TT34 site were low during the wet season, increasing by a factor of 5, approximately, in the dry season due to long range transport of biomass burning aerosols reaching the forest site in the dry season. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.84 in the wet season up to 0.91 in the dry. At the PVH site, aerosol scattering coefficients were 3-5 times higher in comparison to the TT34 site, an indication of strong regional background pollution, even in the wet season. Aerosol absorption coefficients at PVH were about 1.4 times higher than at the forest site. Ground-based SSA at PVH was around 0.92 year round, showing the dominance of scattering aerosol particles over absorption, even for biomass burning aerosols. Remote sensing observations from six AERONET sites and from MODIS since 1999, provide a regional and temporal overview. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm of less than 0.1 is characteristic of natural conditions over Amazonia. At the perturbed PVH site, AOD550 values greater than 4 were frequently observed in the dry season. Combined analysis of MODIS and CERES showed that the mean direct radiative forcing of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the biomass burning season was -5.6 +/- 1.7 W m(-2), averaged over whole Amazon Basin. For high AOD (larger than 1) the maximum daily direct aerosol radiative forcing at the TOA was as high as -20 W m(-2) locally. This change in the radiation balance caused increases in the diffuse radiation flux, with an increase of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of 18-29% for high AOD. From this analysis, it is clear that land use change in Amazonia shows alterations of many atmospheric properties, and these changes are affecting the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem in significant ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil.
| | - Luciana V Rizzo
- Department of Earth and Exact Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutics Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP - Campus Diadema, Rua Prof Artur Riedel, 275, CEP 09972-270, Diadema - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joel F Brito
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Henrique M J Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Andrea Arana
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Elisa T Sena
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Glauber G Cirino
- INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wanderlei Bastos
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer, Universidade Federal de Rondônia - UNIR, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
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Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Trainer M, Andrews AE, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Daube BC, Dlugokencky EJ, Fischer ML, Goldstein AH, Guha A, Karl T, Kofler J, Kosciuch E, Misztal PK, Perring AE, Pollack IB, Santoni GW, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Wofsy SC, Parrish DD. Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guo H, Ling ZH, Simpson IJ, Blake DR, Wang DW. Observations of isoprene, methacrolein (MAC) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) at a mountain site in Hong Kong. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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29
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Ebben CJ, Shrestha M, Martinez IS, Corrigan AL, Frossard AA, Song WW, Worton DR, Petäjä T, Williams J, Russell LM, Kulmala M, Goldstein AH, Artaxo P, Martin ST, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM. Organic constituents on the surfaces of aerosol particles from Southern Finland, Amazonia, and California studied by vibrational sum frequency generation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8271-90. [PMID: 22734593 DOI: 10.1021/jp302631z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes and compares the analysis of the surfaces of natural aerosol particles from three different forest environments by vibrational sum frequency generation. The experiments were carried out directly on filter and impactor substrates, without the need for sample preconcentration, manipulation, or destruction. We discuss the important first steps leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particle nucleation and growth from terpene oxidation by showing that, as viewed by coherent vibrational spectroscopy, the chemical composition of the surface region of aerosol particles having sizes of 1 μm and lower appears to be close to size-invariant. We also discuss the concept of molecular chirality as a chemical marker that could be useful for quantifying how chemical constituents in the SOA gas phase and the SOA particle phase are related in time. Finally, we describe how the combination of multiple disciplines, such as aerosol science, advanced vibrational spectroscopy, meteorology, and chemistry can be highly informative when studying particles collected during atmospheric chemistry field campaigns, such as those carried out during HUMPPA-COPEC-2010, AMAZE-08, or BEARPEX-2009, and when they are compared to results from synthetic model systems such as particles from the Harvard Environmental Chamber (HEC). Discussions regarding the future of SOA chemical analysis approaches are given in the context of providing a path toward detailed spectroscopic assignments of SOA particle precursors and constituents and to fast-forward, in terms of mechanistic studies, through the SOA particle formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlena J Ebben
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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30
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Kim SW, Barth MC, Trainer M. Influence of fair-weather cumulus clouds on isoprene chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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MacKenzie AR, Langford B, Pugh TAM, Robinson N, Misztal PK, Heard DE, Lee JD, Lewis AC, Jones CE, Hopkins JR, Phillips G, Monks PS, Karunaharan A, Hornsby KE, Nicolas-Perea V, Coe H, Gabey AM, Gallagher MW, Whalley LK, Edwards PM, Evans MJ, Stone D, Ingham T, Commane R, Furneaux KL, McQuaid JB, Nemitz E, Seng YK, Fowler D, Pyle JA, Hewitt CN. The atmospheric chemistry of trace gases and particulate matter emitted by different land uses in Borneo. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:3177-95. [PMID: 22006961 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report measurements of atmospheric composition over a tropical rainforest and over a nearby oil palm plantation in Sabah, Borneo. The primary vegetation in each of the two landscapes emits very different amounts and kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resulting in distinctive VOC fingerprints in the atmospheric boundary layer for both landscapes. VOCs over the Borneo rainforest are dominated by isoprene and its oxidation products, with a significant additional contribution from monoterpenes. Rather than consuming the main atmospheric oxidant, OH, these high concentrations of VOCs appear to maintain OH, as has been observed previously over Amazonia. The boundary-layer characteristics and mixing ratios of VOCs observed over the Borneo rainforest are different to those measured previously over Amazonia. Compared with the Bornean rainforest, air over the oil palm plantation contains much more isoprene, monoterpenes are relatively less important, and the flower scent, estragole, is prominent. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides are greater above the agro-industrial oil palm landscape than over the rainforest, and this leads to changes in some secondary pollutant mixing ratios (but not, currently, differences in ozone). Secondary organic aerosol over both landscapes shows a significant contribution from isoprene. Primary biological aerosol dominates the super-micrometre aerosol over the rainforest and is likely to be sensitive to land-use change, since the fungal source of the bioaerosol is closely linked to above-ground biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R MacKenzie
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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32
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Whalley L, Stone D, Heard D. New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling and Quantum Theory. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:55-95. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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33
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Barkley MP, Palmer PI, Ganzeveld L, Arneth A, Hagberg D, Karl T, Guenther A, Paulot F, Wennberg PO, Mao J, Kurosu TP, Chance K, Müller JF, De Smedt I, Van Roozendael M, Chen D, Wang Y, Yantosca RM. Can a “state of the art” chemistry transport model simulate Amazonian tropospheric chemistry? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Hewitt C, Langford B, Possell M, Karl T, Owen S. Quantification of VOC emission rates from the biosphere. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J, Patton EG, Karl T, van den Dries K, Barth MC, Orlando JJ. The role of boundary layer dynamics on the diurnal evolution of isoprene and the hydroxyl radical over tropical forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Veres P, Roberts JM, Burling IR, Warneke C, de Gouw J, Yokelson RJ. Measurements of gas-phase inorganic and organic acids from biomass fires by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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39
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Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Del Negro L, Brioude J, McKeen S, Stark H, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Wiedinmyer C, Guenther AB, Hansel A, Wisthaler A, Atlas E, Holloway JS, Ryerson TB, Peischl J, Huey LG, Hanks ATC. Biogenic emission measurement and inventories determination of biogenic emissions in the eastern United States and Texas and comparison with biogenic emission inventories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Ito A, Sillman S, Penner JE. Global chemical transport model study of ozone response to changes in chemical kinetics and biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to increasing temperatures: Sensitivities to isoprene nitrate chemistry and grid resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Natural volatile organic compound emissions from plants and their roles in oxidant balance and particle formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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42
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Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Paixão M, de Lucca S, Oliveira PH, Lara LL, Wiedemann KT, Andreae MO, Holben B, Schafer J, Correia AL, Pauliquevis TM. Aerosol particles in Amazonia: Their composition, role in the radiation balance, cloud formation, and nutrient cycles. AMAZONIA AND GLOBAL CHANGE 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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43
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Barkley MP, Palmer PI, Kuhn U, Kesselmeier J, Chance K, Kurosu TP, Martin RV, Helmig D, Guenther A. Net ecosystem fluxes of isoprene over tropical South America inferred from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) observations of HCHO columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest. Nature 2008; 452:737-40. [PMID: 18401407 DOI: 10.1038/nature06870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial vegetation, especially tropical rain forest, releases vast quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere, which are removed by oxidation reactions and deposition of reaction products. The oxidation is mainly initiated by hydroxyl radicals (OH), primarily formed through the photodissociation of ozone. Previously it was thought that, in unpolluted air, biogenic VOCs deplete OH and reduce the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Conversely, in polluted air VOC oxidation leads to noxious oxidant build-up by the catalytic action of nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO2). Here we report aircraft measurements of atmospheric trace gases performed over the pristine Amazon forest. Our data reveal unexpectedly high OH concentrations. We propose that natural VOC oxidation, notably of isoprene, recycles OH efficiently in low-NO(x) air through reactions of organic peroxy radicals. Computations with an atmospheric chemistry model and the results of laboratory experiments suggest that an OH recycling efficiency of 40-80 per cent in isoprene oxidation may be able to explain the high OH levels we observed in the field. Although further laboratory studies are necessary to explore the chemical mechanism responsible for OH recycling in more detail, our results demonstrate that the biosphere maintains a remarkable balance with the atmospheric environment.
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