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Campos FF, de Moura AC, Fernandez MDO, Marques AC, Pérez CD. Hydroids from a reef system under the influence of the Amazon River plume, Brazil. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106563. [PMID: 38801786 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The Amazon Reef System (ARS) is one of the most important shallow and mesophotic reef ecosystems in the South Atlantic Ocean. The ARS consists mainly of extensive beds of calcareous algae interspersed by assemblages of octocorals and sponges. The enormous freshwater discharge from the Amazon River forms a plume along the extensive Amazon continental shelf, for which the hydroid community is still largely unknown. The aim of this study is to document the diversity and distribution of hydroids from the ARS, as well as to infer the influence of the plume on species composition in the different zones. Samples were collected at ninety-six stations between 15 and 240 m deep on the Amazon shelf. A total of 37 species were recorded in the studied area. Hydroid assemblages are richer in zones under lower river plume influence, and species composition differs significantly between zones with and without plume influence (PERMANOVA, p = 0.0025). The dissolved oxygen and nitrate ranges were the environmental variables significantly correlated with the hydroid distribution. This study is the first surveying the hydroid species composition and richness in the ARS, highlighting the presence of a typical reef biota and that further faunal studies in underexplored areas of the Atlantic should reveal the distribution of many poorly known hydroids species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ferreira Campos
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Alto Do Reservatório, S/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Campos de Moura
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Alto Do Reservatório, S/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marina de Oliveira Fernandez
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. Matão, Trav 14, 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. Matão, Trav 14, 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Daniel Pérez
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Alto Do Reservatório, S/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Li Y, Stumpf RP, McGillicuddy DJ, He R. Dynamics of an intense Alexandrium catenella red tide in the Gulf of Maine: satellite observations and numerical modeling. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101927. [PMID: 33218449 PMCID: PMC7680504 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In July 2009, an unusually intense bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella occurred in the Gulf of Maine. The bloom reached high concentrations (from hundreds of thousands to one million cells L-1) that discolored the water and exceeded normal bloom concentrations by a factor of 1000. Using Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) imagery processed to target chlorophyll concentrations (>2 µg L-1), patches of intense A. catenella concentration were identified that were consistent with the highly localized cell concentrations observed from ship surveys. The bloom patches were generally aligned with the edge of coastal waters with high-absorption. Dense bloom patches moved onshore in response to a downwelling event, persisted for approximately one week, then dispersed rapidly over a few days and did not reappear. Coupled physical-biological model simulations showed that wind forcing was an important factor in transporting cells onshore. Upward swimming behavior facilitated the horizontal cell aggregation, increasing the simulated maximum depth-integrated cell concentration by up to a factor of 40. Vertical convergence of cells, due to active swimming of A. catenella from the subsurface to the top layer, could explain the additional 25-fold intensification (25 × 40=1000-fold) needed to reach the bloom concentrations that discolored the water. A model simulation that considered upward swimming overestimated cell concentrations downstream of the intense aggregation. This discrepancy between model and observed concentrations suggested a loss of cells from the water column at a time that corresponded to the start of encystment. These results indicated that the joint effect of upward swimming, horizontal convergence, and wind-driven flow contributed to the red water event, which might have promoted the sexual reproduction event that preceded the encystment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Li
- CSS Inc. under contract to NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910.
| | - Richard P Stumpf
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - D J McGillicuddy
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, 02543
| | - Ruoying He
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695
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High Temporal Resolution Monitoring of Suspended Matter Changes from GOCI Measurements in Lake Taihu. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Tiaoxi River is the main source of water for Lake Taihu and can result in plumes in the lake after heavy precipitation events. These plumes have played a crucial role in the water quality changes within the lake. High temporal resolution GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) data were used to study the spatial distribution of the total suspended matter concentration in Lake Taihu after heavy precipitation events in the Tiaoxi River Basin via an empirical model. The plumes were analyzed after two heavy precipitation events in 2011 and 2013 using 16 GOCI images, which indicated that the Tiaoxi River had a great influence on the spatial distributions of total suspended matter and algal blooms. It was concluded that the main factors affecting the plumes in the Tiaoxi River were precipitation intensity, runoff, and total suspended matter concentration. Human activity, such as sand excavation also played a crucial role in sediment discharge. The results of this study demonstrate that the visualization of GOCI data makes it possible to use remote sensing technology to continuously monitor an inland water environment on an hourly scale, which is of great significance for studying the diffusion and evolution of river plumes.
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Remote Sensing Estimation of Sea Surface Salinity from GOCI Measurements in the Southern Yellow Sea. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the spatiotemporal distribution of sea surface salinity (SSS) provides valuable and important information for understanding various marine biogeochemical processes and ecosystems, especially for those coastal waters significantly affected by human activities. Remote-sensing techniques have been used to monitor salinity in the open ocean with their advantages of wide-area surveys and real-time monitoring. However, potential challenges remain when using satellite data with coarse spatiotemporal resolutions, leading to a loss of valuable information. In the current study, based on the local dataset collected over the southern Yellow Sea (SYS), a region-customized algorithm was developed to estimate SSS by using the remote sensing reflectance. The model evaluations indicated that our algorithm yielded good SSS estimation, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.29 psu and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.75%. Satellite-derived SSS results compared well with those derived from in situ observations, further suggesting the good performance of our developed algorithm for the study regions. We applied this algorithm to Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data for the month of August from 2011 to 2018 in the SYS, and produced the spatial distribution patterns of the SSS for August of each year. The SSS values were high in offshore waters and lower in coastal waters, especially in the Yangtze River estuary. The negative correlation between the monthly Changjiang River discharge (CRD) and SSS (R = −0.71, p < 0.001) near the Yangtze River estuary was observed, suggesting that the SSS distribution in the Yangtze River estuary was potentially influenced by the CRD. In offshore waters, the correlation between SSS and CRD was weak (R < 0.2), suggesting that the riverine discharge’s effect might be weak.
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Virioplankton Assemblage Structure in the Lower River and Ocean Continuum of the Amazon. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00366-17. [PMID: 28989970 PMCID: PMC5628290 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00366-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon River forms a vast plume in the Atlantic Ocean that can extend for more than 1,000 km. Microbial communities promote a globally relevant carbon sink system in the plume. Despite the importance of viruses for the global carbon cycle, the diversity and the possible roles of viruses in the Amazonia are poorly understood. The present work assesses, for the first time, the abundance and diversity of viruses simultaneously in the river and ocean in order to elucidate their possible roles. DNA sequence assembly yielded 29,358 scaffolds, encoding 82,546 viral proteins, with 15 new complete viral genomes from the 12 river and ocean locations. Viral diversity was clearly distinguished by river and ocean. Bacteriophages were the most abundant and occurred throughout the continuum. Viruses that infect eukaryotes were more abundant in the river, whereas phages appeared to have strong control over the host prokaryotic populations in the plume. The Amazon River watershed and its associated plume comprise a vast continental and oceanic area. The microbial activities along this continuum contribute substantially to global carbon and nutrient cycling, and yet there is a dearth of information on the diversity, abundance, and possible roles of viruses in this globally important river. The aim of this study was to elucidate the diversity and structure of virus assemblages of the Amazon River-ocean continuum. Environmental viral DNA sequences were obtained for 12 locations along the river’s lower reach (n = 5) and plume (n = 7). Sequence assembly yielded 29,358 scaffolds, encoding 82,546 viral proteins, with 15 new complete viral genomes. Despite the spatial connectivity mediated by the river, virome analyses and physical-chemical water parameters clearly distinguished river and plume ecosystems. Bacteriophages were ubiquitous in the continuum and were more abundant in the transition region. Eukaryotic viruses occurred mostly in the river, while the plume had more viruses of autotrophic organisms (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus) and heterotrophic bacteria (Pelagibacter). The viral families Microviridae and Myoviridae were the most abundant and occurred throughout the continuum. The major functions of the genes in the continuum involved viral structures and life cycles, and viruses from plume locations and Tapajós River showed the highest levels of functional diversity. The distribution patterns of the viral assemblages were defined not only by the occurrence of possible hosts but also by water physical and chemical parameters, especially salinity. The findings presented here help to improve understanding of the possible roles of viruses in the organic matter cycle along the river-ocean continuum. IMPORTANCE The Amazon River forms a vast plume in the Atlantic Ocean that can extend for more than 1,000 km. Microbial communities promote a globally relevant carbon sink system in the plume. Despite the importance of viruses for the global carbon cycle, the diversity and the possible roles of viruses in the Amazon are poorly understood. The present work assesses, for the first time, the abundance and diversity of viruses simultaneously in the river and ocean in order to elucidate their possible roles. DNA sequence assembly yielded 29,358 scaffolds, encoding 82,546 viral proteins, with 15 new complete viral genomes from the 12 river and ocean locations. Viral diversity was clearly distinguished by river and ocean. Bacteriophages were the most abundant and occurred throughout the continuum. Viruses that infect eukaryotes were more abundant in the river, whereas phages appeared to have strong control over the host prokaryotic populations in the plume.
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Zielinski BL, Allen AE, Carpenter EJ, Coles VJ, Crump BC, Doherty M, Foster RA, Goes JI, Gomes HR, Hood RR, McCrow JP, Montoya JP, Moustafa A, Satinsky BM, Sharma S, Smith CB, Yager PL, Paul JH. Patterns of Transcript Abundance of Eukaryotic Biogeochemically-Relevant Genes in the Amazon River Plume. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160929. [PMID: 27598790 PMCID: PMC5012681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon River has the largest discharge of all rivers on Earth, and its complex plume system fuels a wide array of biogeochemical processes, across a large area of the western tropical North Atlantic. The plume thus stimulates microbial processes affecting carbon sequestration and nutrient cycles at a global scale. Chromosomal gene expression patterns of the 2.0 to 156 μm size-fraction eukaryotic microbial community were investigated in the Amazon River Plume, generating a robust dataset (more than 100 million mRNA sequences) that depicts the metabolic capabilities and interactions among the eukaryotic microbes. Combining classical oceanographic field measurements with metatranscriptomics yielded characterization of the hydrographic conditions simultaneous with a quantification of transcriptional activity and identity of the community. We highlight the patterns of eukaryotic gene expression for 31 biogeochemically significant gene targets hypothesized to be valuable within forecasting models. An advantage to this targeted approach is that the database of reference sequences used to identify the target genes was selectively constructed and highly curated optimizing taxonomic coverage, throughput, and the accuracy of annotations. A coastal diatom bloom highly expressed nitrate transporters and carbonic anhydrase presumably to support high growth rates and enhance uptake of low levels of dissolved nitrate and CO2. Diatom-diazotroph association (DDA: diatoms with nitrogen fixing symbionts) blooms were common when surface salinity was mesohaline and dissolved nitrate concentrations were below detection, and hence did not show evidence of nitrate utilization, suggesting they relied on ammonium transporters to aquire recently fixed nitrogen. These DDA blooms in the outer plume had rapid turnover of the photosystem D1 protein presumably caused by photodegradation under increased light penetration in clearer waters, and increased expression of silicon transporters as silicon became limiting. Expression of these genes, including carbonic anhydrase and transporters for nitrate and phosphate, were found to reflect the physiological status and biogeochemistry of river plume environments. These relatively stable patterns of eukaryotic transcript abundance occurred over modest spatiotemporal scales, with similarity observed in sample duplicates collected up to 2.45 km in space and 120 minutes in time. These results confirm the use of metatranscriptomics as a valuable tool to understand and predict microbial community function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Zielinski
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew E. Allen
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Carpenter
- Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria J. Coles
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, United States of America
| | - Byron C. Crump
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mary Doherty
- Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Foster
- Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joaquim I. Goes
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States of America
| | - Helga R. Gomes
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States of America
| | - Raleigh R. Hood
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, United States of America
| | - John P. McCrow
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Montoya
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Moustafa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Brandon M. Satinsky
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Shalabh Sharma
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Christa B. Smith
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Patricia L. Yager
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John H. Paul
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pawlik JR, Burkepile DE, Thurber RV. A Vicious Circle? Altered Carbon and Nutrient Cycling May Explain the Low Resilience of Caribbean Coral Reefs. Bioscience 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Moura RL, Amado-Filho GM, Moraes FC, Brasileiro PS, Salomon PS, Mahiques MM, Bastos AC, Almeida MG, Silva JM, Araujo BF, Brito FP, Rangel TP, Oliveira BCV, Bahia RG, Paranhos RP, Dias RJS, Siegle E, Figueiredo AG, Pereira RC, Leal CV, Hajdu E, Asp NE, Gregoracci GB, Neumann-Leitão S, Yager PL, Francini-Filho RB, Fróes A, Campeão M, Silva BS, Moreira APB, Oliveira L, Soares AC, Araujo L, Oliveira NL, Teixeira JB, Valle RAB, Thompson CC, Rezende CE, Thompson FL. An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501252. [PMID: 27152336 PMCID: PMC4846441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Large rivers create major gaps in reef distribution along tropical shelves. The Amazon River represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean, generating up to a 1.3 × 10(6)-km(2) plume, and extensive muddy bottoms in the equatorial margin of South America. As a result, a wide area of the tropical North Atlantic is heavily affected in terms of salinity, pH, light penetration, and sedimentation. Such unfavorable conditions were thought to imprint a major gap in Western Atlantic reefs. We present an extensive carbonate system off the Amazon mouth, underneath the river plume. Significant carbonate sedimentation occurred during lowstand sea level, and still occurs in the outer shelf, resulting in complex hard-bottom topography. A permanent near-bottom wedge of ocean water, together with the seasonal nature of the plume's eastward retroflection, conditions the existence of this extensive (~9500 km(2)) hard-bottom mosaic. The Amazon reefs transition from accretive to erosional structures and encompass extensive rhodolith beds. Carbonate structures function as a connectivity corridor for wide depth-ranging reef-associated species, being heavily colonized by large sponges and other structure-forming filter feeders that dwell under low light and high levels of particulates. The oxycline between the plume and subplume is associated with chemoautotrophic and anaerobic microbial metabolisms. The system described here provides several insights about the responses of tropical reefs to suboptimal and marginal reef-building conditions, which are accelerating worldwide due to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M. Amado-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Moraes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Poliana S. Brasileiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Michel M. Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP CEP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Alex C. Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória ES CEP 29199-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G. Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jomar M. Silva
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Beatriz F. Araujo
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Frederico P. Brito
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Thiago P. Rangel
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Braulio C. V. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G. Bahia
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Paranhos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo J. S. Dias
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP CEP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Siegle
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP CEP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Alberto G. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói RJ CEP 24210-346, Brazil
| | - Renato C. Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói RJ CEP 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Camille V. Leal
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Nils E. Asp
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança PA CEP 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Gregoracci
- Departmento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos SP CEP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife PE CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Patricia L. Yager
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602–2626, USA
| | | | - Adriana Fróes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campeão
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Ana P. B. Moreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Louisi Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Soares
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Lais Araujo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Nara L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA CEP 45650-000, Brazil
| | - João B. Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA CEP 45650-000, Brazil
| | - Rogerio A. B. Valle
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
- Corresponding author: E-mail: (F.L.T.); (C.E.R.)
| | - Fabiano L. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
- Corresponding author: E-mail: (F.L.T.); (C.E.R.)
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Kim J, Kim H, Paeng DG, Bok TH, Lee J. Low-salinity-induced surface sound channel in the western sea of Jeju Island during summer. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 137:1576-1585. [PMID: 25786968 DOI: 10.1121/1.4913812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface salinity in the western sea of Jeju Island in Korea becomes low due to the inflow of the Chinese coastal waters during summer. One of the characteristics of low salinity water is the formation of a surface sound channel (SSC) due to the decrease in sound speed by salinity. However, a quantitative analysis between low salinity water and SSC has not been fully investigated yet. In this paper, a temperature-salinity (T-S) gradient diagram is introduced in order to assess SSC formation and its acoustic characteristics are also investigated through a case study of low salinity waters. Maximum angles of limiting rays were less than 4.6° and low frequency cutoffs were higher than 2.0 kHz for the SSCs formed in low salinity water. When the salinity gradients were large (>0.5 psu/m), a SSC was formed more efficiently than other cases whose salinity gradients were small. On the other hand, a SSC was not formed in spite of highly positive salinity gradients when the amount of temperature gradients was negatively high enough (<-0.5 °C/m). However, the acoustic energy transfer in the surface ducts was dependent on frequency and position of source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Kim
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Kim
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Guk Paeng
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Bok
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Jongkil Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 760-749, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yan M, Korshin GV, Claret F, Croué JP, Fabbricino M, Gallard H, Schäfer T, Benedetti MF. Effects of charging on the chromophores of dissolved organic matter from the Rio Negro basin. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 59:154-164. [PMID: 24793113 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the deprotonation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from a small creek characteristic for DOM-rich waters located in the Rio Negro basin can be quantified based on measurements of pH effects on its absorbance spectra. The method was ascertained by the data of Near-Edge X-Ray Absorbance Spectroscopy (NEXAFS), potentiometric titration to quantify the structural and compositional differences between the colloidal and hydrophobic fractions that contribute 91% of black-water creek DOM. Changes in the absorbance spectra of the DOM fractions caused by deprotonation quantified via numeric deconvolution which indicated the presence of six well-resolved Gaussian bands in the differential spectra. The emergence of these bands was determined to be associated with the engagement of carboxylic and phenolic functionalities and changes of inter-chromophore interactions in DOM molecules. Interpretation of the data based on the NICA-Donnan approach showed that behavior of DOM chromophores was consistent with results of potentiometric titrations. Similar trends were observed for changes of the spectral slope of the DOM absorbance spectra in the range of wavelengths 325-375 nm (DSlope325-375). The behavior of DSlope325-375 values was modeled based on the NICA-Donnan approach and correlated with potentiometrically-estimated charges attributed to the carboxylic and phenolic groups. The correlations between DSlope325-375 and charges of low- and high-affinity protonation-active groups in DOM were monotonic but not linear and had important differences between the colloidal and hydrophobic fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, United States
| | - Francis Claret
- Bureau des Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Environment and Process Division 3, Avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Equipe Chimie de l'Eau et Traitement des Eaux, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, UMR 7285, CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Ambientale "Girolamo Ippolito", Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Hervé Gallard
- Equipe Chimie de l'Eau et Traitement des Eaux, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, UMR 7285, CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Thorsten Schäfer
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (INE), P.O. Box 3640 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marc F Benedetti
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, UMR CNRS 7154, Paris, France
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11
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Pahlevan N, Lee Z, Hu C, Schott JR. Diurnal remote sensing of coastal/oceanic waters: a radiometric analysis for Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:648-665. [PMID: 24514182 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical remote sensing systems aboard geostationary platforms can provide high-frequency observations of bio-optical properties in dynamical coastal/oceanic waters. From the end-user standpoint, it is recognized that the fidelity of daily science products relies heavily on the radiometric sensitivity/performance of the imaging system. This study aims to determine the theoretical detection limits for bio-optical properties observed diurnally from a geostationary orbit. The analysis is based upon coupled radiative transfer simulations and the minimum radiometric requirements defined for the GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission. The diurnal detection limits are found for the optically active constituents of water, including near-surface concentrations of chlorophyll-a (CHL) and total suspended solids (TSS), and the absorption of colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM). The diurnal top-of-atmosphere radiance (Lt) is modeled for several locations across the field of regard (FOR) to investigate the radiometric sensitivity at different imaging geometries. It is found that, in oceanic waters (CHL=0.07 mg/m3), detecting changes smaller than 0.01 mg/m3 in CHL is feasible for all locations and hours except for late afternoon observations on the edge of the FOR. For more trophic/turbid waters (0.6<CHL<4.5), the proposed system is found sensitive to changes (in CHL) smaller than 0.1 mg/m3 when the air mass fraction (AMF) is less than 5. For aCDOM(440), detecting the changes larger than 0.02 m(-1) (0.08<aCDOM(440)<0.36) is found feasible for most of the imaging geometries. This is equivalent to AMF<5. For TSS, changes on the order of ΔTSS=0.1 g/m3 (0.5<TSS<4.5) are detectable from early morning to late afternoon across the entire FOR. This study gives insights into the radiometric sensitivity of the GEO-CAPE mission in identifying the changes in bio-optical properties at top-of-atmosphere (TOA), which aids in a more lucid understanding of the uncertainties associated with the surface products.
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12
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Lohmann R, Klanova J, Kukucka P, Yonis S, Bollinger K. PCBs and OCPs on a east-to-west transect: the importance of major currents and net volatilization for PCBs in the Atlantic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10471-9. [PMID: 22303957 DOI: 10.1021/es203459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air-water exchange gradients of selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners across a large section of the tropical Atlantic suggested net volatilization of PCBs to the atmosphere. Only for the higher chlorinated PCB 153 and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were gradients near equilibrium detected. The use of passive samplers also enabled the detection of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its transformation products across the tropical Atlantic, indicating net deposition. There were clear differences between the southern and northern hemisphere apparent in terms of atmospheric concentrations: Once the ship moved from the southern into the northern hemisphere air, concentrations of HCB and other organochlorine pesticides increased several-fold. For large swaths of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, neither PCB nor organochlorine pesticide dissolved concentrations varied much longitudinally, probably due to efficient mixing by ocean currents. In selected samples, dissolved concentrations reflected the influence of river plumes and major ocean currents far away from the continents. Dissolved concentrations of PCBs 28, 52, 101, 118, and HCB increased in the Amazon plume and the Gulf Stream. While the Amazon plume flushed only a few kg of PCBs and HCB, the Gulf Stream is potentially delivering tons of PCBs into the North Atlantic annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, 02882 Rhode Island, United States.
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13
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Nelson NB, Siegel DA. The global distribution and dynamics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2012; 5:447-76. [PMID: 22809178 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a ubiquitous component of the open ocean dissolved matter pool, and is important owing to its influence on the optical properties of the water column, its role in photochemistry and photobiology, and its utility as a tracer of deep ocean biogeochemical processes and circulation. In this review, we discuss the global distribution and dynamics of CDOM in the ocean, concentrating on developments in the past 10 years and restricting our discussion to open ocean and deep ocean (below the main thermocline) environments. CDOM has been demonstrated to exert primary control on ocean color by its absorption of light energy, which matches or exceeds that of phytoplankton pigments in most cases. This has important implications for assessing the ocean biosphere via ocean color-based remote sensing and the evaluation of ocean photochemical and photobiological processes. The general distribution of CDOM in the global ocean is controlled by a balance between production (primarily microbial remineralization of organic matter) and photolysis, with vertical ventilation circulation playing an important role in transporting CDOM to and from intermediate water masses. Significant decadal-scale fluctuations in the abundance of global surface ocean CDOM have been observed using remote sensing, indicating a potentially important role for CDOM in ocean-climate connections through its impact on photochemistry and photobiology.
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