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Carneiro IM, Sá JA, Chiroque-Solano PM, Cardoso FC, Castro GM, Salomon PS, Bastos AC, Moura RL. Precision and accuracy of common coral reef sampling protocols revisited with photogrammetry. Mar Environ Res 2024; 194:106304. [PMID: 38142582 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid decline of coral reefs calls for cost-effective benthic cover data to improve reef health forecasts, policy building, management responses and evaluation. Reef monitoring has been largely based on divers' observations along transects, and secondarily on quadrat-based protocols, video and photographic records. However, the accuracy and precision of the most common sampling approaches are not yet fully understood. Here, we compared benthic cover estimates from three common sampling protocols: Reef Check (RC), Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) and photoquadrats (PQ). The reef cover of two contrasting sites was reconstructed with ∼450 m2 orthomosaics built with high resolution Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, which were used as references for comparisons among protocols. In addition, we explored sample size requirements for each protocol and provided cost-effectiveness comparisons. Our results evidenced between-reef differences in the accuracy and precision of estimates with the different protocols. The three protocols performed similarly in the reef with low macroalgal cover (<0.5%), but PQ were more accurate and precise in the reef with relatively high (∼20%) macroalgal cover. The sample size for estimating coral cover with a 20% error margin and a 0.05 significance level was lower for PQ, followed by AGRRA and RC. Considering performance, cost surrogates and equipment needs, cost-effectiveness was higher for PQ. We also discuss costs, limitations and advantages/disadvantages of SfM photogrammetry as a sampling approach for coral reef monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Carneiro
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João A Sá
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pamela M Chiroque-Solano
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Cardoso
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Castro
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex C Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Castro GM, Vargens RP, Carlos-Júnior LA, Cardoso FC, Salomon PS, Tenório MMB, Bastos AC, Oliveira N, Ghisolfi RD, Cordeiro RTS, Moura RL. Incised valleys drive distinctive oceanographic processes and biological assemblages within rhodolith beds. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293259. [PMID: 37956173 PMCID: PMC10642839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Continental shelves encompass gently sloped seascapes that are highly productive and intensively exploited for natural resources. Islands, reefs and other emergent or quasi-emergent features punctuate these shallow (<100 m) seascapes and are well known drivers of increased biomass and biodiversity, as well as predictors of fishing and other human uses. On the other hand, relict mesoscale geomorphological features that do not represent navigation hazards, such as incised valleys (IVs), remain poorly charted. Consequently, their role in biophysical processes remains poorly assessed and sampled. Incised valleys are common within rhodolith beds (RBs), the most extensive benthic habitat along the tropical and subtropical portions of the mid and outer Brazilian shelf. Here, we report on a multi-proxy assessment carried out in a tropical-subtropical transition region (~20°S) off Eastern Brazil, contrasting physicochemical and biological variables in IVs and adjacent RBs. Valleys interfere in near bottom circulation and function as conduits for water and propagules from the slope up to the mid shelf. In addition, they provide a stable and structurally complex habitat for black corals and gorgonians that usually occur in deeper water, contrasting sharply with the algae-dominated RB. Fish richness, abundance and biomass were also higher in the IVs, with small planktivores and large-bodied, commercially important species (e.g. groupers, snappers and grunts) presenting smaller abundances or being absent from RBs. Overall, IVs are unique and vulnerable habitats that sustain diverse assemblages and important ecosystem processes. As new IVs are detected by remote sensing or bathymetric surveys, they can be incorporated into regional marine management plans as conservation targets and priority sites for detailed in situ surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M. Castro
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela P. Vargens
- Departamento de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lélis A. Carlos-Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Cardoso
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcio M. B. Tenório
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex C. Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Natacha Oliveira
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Renato D. Ghisolfi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ralf T. S. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Cardoso GO, Falsarella LN, Chiroque-Solano PM, Porcher CC, Leitzke FP, Wegner AC, Carelli T, Salomon PS, Bastos AC, Sá F, Fallon S, Salgado LT, Moura RL. Coral growth bands recorded trace elements associated with the Fundão dam collapse. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150880. [PMID: 34634342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In November 2015, the collapse of the Fundão dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) carried over 40 × 106 m3 of iron ore tailings into the Doce river and caused massive environmental and socioeconomic impacts across the watershed. The downstream mudslide scavenged contaminants deposited in the riverbed, and several potentially toxic elements were further released through reduction and solubilization of Fe oxy-hydroxides under estuarine conditions. A turbidity plume was formed off the river mouth, but the detection of contaminants' dispersion in the ocean remains poorly assessed. This situation is specially concerning because Southwestern Atlantic's largest and richest reefs are located 70-250 km to the north of the Doce river mouth, and the legal dispute over the extent of monitoring, compensation and restoration measures are based either on indirect evidence from modeling or on direct evidence from remote sensing and contaminated organisms. Coral skeletons can incorporate trace elements and are considered good monitors of marine pollution, including inputs from open cut mining. Here, we studied a Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus 1767) coral colony collected 220 km northward to the river mouth, using X-rays for assessing growth bands and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to recover trace elements incorporated in growth bands formed between 2014 and 2018. A threefold positive Fe anomaly was identified in early 2016, associated with negative anomalies in several elements. Variation in Ba and Y was coherent with the region's sedimentation dynamics, but also increased after 2016, akin to Pb, V and Zn. Coral growth rates decreased after the disaster. Besides validating M. cavernosa as a reliable archive of ocean chemistry, our results evidence wide-reaching sub-lethal coral contamination in the Abrolhos reefs, as well as different incorporation mechanisms into corals' skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia and Núcleo Professor Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável-SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla N Falsarella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia and Núcleo Professor Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável-SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pamela M Chiroque-Solano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia and Núcleo Professor Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável-SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Tecnologias e Linguagens, Instituto Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 26020-740 Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla C Porcher
- Laboratório de Geologia Isotópica, Centro de Estudos em Petrologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Leitzke
- Laboratório de Geologia Isotópica, Centro de Estudos em Petrologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline C Wegner
- Laboratório de Geologia Isotópica, Centro de Estudos em Petrologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Carelli
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 22240-490 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia and Núcleo Professor Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável-SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex C Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Fabian Sá
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Stewart Fallon
- Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Leonardo T Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia and Núcleo Professor Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável-SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Bauer AB, Schwarzhans WW, Moura RL, Nunes JACC, Mincarone MM. A new species of viviparous brotula genus Pseudogilbia (Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthyidae) from Brazilian reefs, with an updated diagnosis of the genus. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1292-1298. [PMID: 34180056 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new species of Pseudogilbia Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 is described based on two male specimens (40-44 mm LS ) from shallow reefs of Bahia, Brazil. Pseudogilbia australis sp. nov. is distinguished from its only congener, Pseudogilbia sanblasensis Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 from Caribbean Panama, by having: two lower preopercular pores (vs. one); dorsal-fin rays 65-67 (vs. 69); anal-fin rays 51-53 (vs. 56); pectoral-fin rays 18 (vs. 20); caudal vertebrae 27-28 (vs. 30); pectoral-fin length 15.0%-15.9% LS (vs. 14.3); pelvic-fin length 13.5% LS (vs. 16.4) and a different morphology of the male copulatory organ. Pseudogilbia australis sp. nov. is the only dinematichthyid so far recorded in the South Atlantic. An updated diagnosis for the genus is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur B Bauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Werner W Schwarzhans
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Anchieta C C Nunes
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Michael M Mincarone
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
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Ramalho LV, Moraes FC, Salgado LT, Bastos AC, Moura RL. Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution. Zootaxa 2021; 4950:zootaxa.4950.1.1. [PMID: 33903317 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The reef system off the Amazon River mouth extends from Amapá state to Maranhão state along the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, encompassing more than 10,000 km2 of rhodolith beds and high-relief hard structures on the outer shelf and upper slope. This unique hard bottom mosaic is remarkable for being influenced by the turbid and hyposaline plume from the world's largest river, and also for representing a connectivity corridor between the Caribbean and Brazil. Bryozoans were recently recognized as major reef builders in the Southwestern Atlantic, but their diversity off the Amazon River mouth remained unknown. Here, we report on recent collections obtained from 23 to 120 m depth in Northern Brazil. Sixty-five bryozoan taxa were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, including 57, five and three taxa of Cheilostomatida, Cyclostomatida and Ctenostomatida, respectively. Cribrilaria smitti and three genera (Cranosina, Glabrilaria and Thornelya) are new records for Brazil, and 13 new species are herein described: Antropora cruzeiro n. sp., Cranosina gilbertoi n. sp., Cribrilaria lateralis n. sp., Crisia brasiliensis n. sp., Glabrilaria antoniettae n. sp., Micropora amapaensis n. sp., Parasmittina amazonensis n. sp., Plesiocleidochasma arcuatum n. sp., Poricella bifurcata n. sp., Pourtalesella duoavicularia n. sp., Stephanollona domuspusilla n. sp., Therenia dianae n. sp., and Thornelya atlanticoensis n. sp. Our results highlight the biodiversity significance of the Amazon reefs and the need for more comprehensive sampling to clarify the role of bryozoans in modern turbid-zone reefs and rhodolith beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís V Ramalho
- Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil..
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6
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Parente CET, Lino AS, Carvalho GO, Pizzochero AC, Azevedo-Silva CE, Freitas MO, Teixeira C, Moura RL, Ferreira Filho VJM, Malm O. First year after the Brumadinho tailings' dam collapse: Spatial and seasonal variation of trace elements in sediments, fishes and macrophytes from the Paraopeba River, Brazil. Environ Res 2021; 193:110526. [PMID: 33249035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On January 2019, the B1 iron ore tailings' dam collapsed in Brumadinho, Brazil, being one of the worst mining-related disasters, with 270 human deaths (11 of them still missing) and 12.106 m3 of tailings released to the environment. The tailings devastated the Córrego do Feijão brook and reached the adjacent Paraopeba River, the region's main watercourse and a major tributary of the São Francisco basin. Although physicochemical parameters of the river were strongly impacted, and acute toxicological effects have been reported from exposure experiments, contamination of aquatic biota had not yet been assessed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate contamination by trace elements (As, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in sediment, fish and macrophytes along the Paraopeba River, upstream and downstream from the dam failure site, during the dry and wet season. With the exception of Cd and Hg, all elements in sediment samples had lower median concentrations downstream. An inverse pattern was observed for the aquatic biota, with significant higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in fishes, and increased concentrations of most elements in macrophytes, indicating an increase in element bioavailability. A significant seasonal variation was observed with increased concentrations of As (dry season) and Pb (wet season) in fish samples, with the same trend occurring in macrophytes. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements in fish samples in wet weight (Cr: 1.80 ± 1.31 mg kg-1, Hg: 0.21 ± 0.11 mg kg-1 and Pb: 0.79 ± 0.80 mg kg-1) were lower than those reported before the disaster. Furthermore, As and Pb concentrations exceeded the safety threshold for fish consumption in 3% and 41% of samples, respectively, representing a matter of concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio E T Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Adan S Lino
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel O Carvalho
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana C Pizzochero
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudio E Azevedo-Silva
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus O Freitas
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Ictiofauna GPIC, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, 82810-080, Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Teixeira
- Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Virgílio José M Ferreira Filho
- Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Moura RL, Abieri ML, Castro GM, Carlos-Júnior LA, Chiroque-Solano PM, Fernandes NC, Teixeira CD, Ribeiro FV, Salomon PS, Freitas MO, Gonçalves JT, Neves LM, Hackradt CW, Felix-Hackradt F, Rolim FA, Motta FS, Gadig OBF, Pereira-Filho GH, Bastos AC. Tropical rhodolith beds are a major and belittled reef fish habitat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:794. [PMID: 33436906 PMCID: PMC7804296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding habitat-level variation in community structure provides an informed basis for natural resources’ management. Reef fishes are a major component of tropical marine biodiversity, but their abundance and distribution are poorly assessed beyond conventional SCUBA diving depths. Based on a baited-video survey of fish assemblages in Southwestern Atlantic’s most biodiverse region we show that species composition responded mainly to the two major hard-bottom megahabitats (reefs and rhodolith beds) and to the amount of light reaching the bottom. Both megahabitats encompassed typical reef fish assemblages but, unexpectedly, richness in rhodolith beds and reefs was equivalent. The dissimilar fish biomass and trophic structure in reefs and rhodolith beds indicates that these systems function based on contrasting energy pathways, such as the much lower herbivory recorded in the latter. Rhodolith beds, the dominant benthic megahabitat in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic shelf, play an underrated role as fish habitats, and it is critical that they are considered in conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maria L Abieri
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Castro
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lélis A Carlos-Júnior
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pamela M Chiroque-Solano
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nicole C Fernandes
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Teixeira
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus O Freitas
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Gonçalves
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Neves
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática e Educação Ambiental, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Três Rios, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos W Hackradt
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Felix-Hackradt
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Rolim
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Pesquisa de Elasmobrânquios, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Motta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Otto B F Gadig
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Pesquisa de Elasmobrânquios, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Pereira-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex C Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Freitas MO, Previero M, Leite JR, Francini-Filho RB, Minte-Vera CV, Moura RL. Age, growth, reproduction and management of Southwestern Atlantic's largest and endangered herbivorous reef fish, Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7459. [PMID: 31531268 PMCID: PMC6718160 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian-endemic greenbeack parrotfish, Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840, is the largest herbivorous reef fish in the South Atlantic. Following the sharp decline of large carnivorous reef fishes, parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarinae) were progressively targeted by commercial fisheries in Brazil, resulting in a global population decline of 50% for S. trispinosus. Most of its remnant population is concentrated in the Abrolhos Bank, where the present study was conducted. We present novel information on age, growth and the reproductive cycle of S. trispinosus, based on 814 individuals obtained from commercial fisheries’ landings and scientific collections, between 2010 and 2013. Sex ratio was biased toward females (1:8), and spawning occurred year-round with discrete peaks in February-March and June-December. Increment analysis indicated annual deposition of growth rings in otoliths, which presented 1–22 rings. The asymptotic length at which growth is zero (L∞) was estimated from a Bayesian logistic regression at 85.28 cm, growth rate (K) at 0.14 year−1, and the theoretical age at zero size (t0) at 0.16. Subregional demographic structuring was detected, with predominance of slower-growing individuals in shallower inshore reefs and predominance of faster-growing and older individuals in deeper offshore sites. We demonstrate that S. trispinosus is highly vulnerable to over-exploitation due to its large size, long live and slow-growth, and review the management measures proposed since its Red List assessment in 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus O Freitas
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marília Previero
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jonas R Leite
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Hill LJ, Paradas WC, Willemes MJ, Pereira MG, Salomon PS, Mariath R, Moura RL, Atella GC, Farina M, Amado-Filho GM, Salgado LT. Acidification-induced cellular changes in Symbiodinium isolated from Mussismilia braziliensis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220130. [PMID: 31381568 PMCID: PMC6681953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates from the Symbiodiniaceae family and corals have an ecologically important endosymbiotic relationship. Scleractinian corals cannot survive for long periods without their symbionts. These algae, also known as zooxanthellae, on the other hand, thrives outside the coral cells. The free-living populations of zooxanthellae are essential for the resilience of the coral to environmental stressors such as temperature anomalies and ocean acidification. Yet, little is known about how ocean acidification may affect the free-living zooxanthellae. In this study we aimed to test morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of zooxanthellae from the Symbiodinium genus isolated from the coral Mussismilia braziliensis, endemic to the Brazilian coast, to acidification led by increased atmospheric CO2. We tested whether photosynthetic yield, cell ultrastructure, cell density and lipid profile would change after up to 16 days of exposure to pH 7.5 in an atmospheric pCO2 of 1633 μatm. Photosynthetic yield and cell density were negatively affected and chloroplasts showed vesiculated thylakoids, indicating morphological damage. Moreover, Symbiodinium fatty acid profile drastically changed in acidified condition, showing lower polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher saturated fatty acids contents, when compared to the control, non-acidified condition. These results show that seawater acidification as an only stressor causes significant changes in the physiology, biochemistry and ultrastructure of free-living Symbiodinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian J Hill
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wladimir C Paradas
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Willemes
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miria G Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mariath
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M Amado-Filho
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo T Salgado
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ribeiro FV, Sá JA, Fistarol GO, Salomon PS, Pereira RC, Souza MLAM, Neves LM, Amado-Filho GM, Francini-Filho RB, Salgado LT, Bastos AC, Pereira-Filho GH, Moraes FC, Moura RL. Long-term effects of competition and environmental drivers on the growth of the endangered coral Mussismilia braziliensis (Verril, 1867). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5419. [PMID: 30128199 PMCID: PMC6089213 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most coral reefs have recently experienced acute changes in benthic community structure, generally involving dominance shifts from slow-growing hard corals to fast-growing benthic invertebrates and fleshy photosynthesizers. Besides overfishing, increased nutrification and sedimentation are important drivers of this process, which is well documented at landscape scales in the Caribbean and in the Indo-Pacific. However, small-scale processes that occur at the level of individual organisms remain poorly explored. In addition, the generality of coral reef decline models still needs to be verified on the vast realm of turbid-zone reefs. Here, we documented the outcome of interactions between an endangered Brazilian-endemic coral (Mussismilia braziliensis) and its most abundant contacting organisms (turf, cyanobacteria, corals, crustose coralline algae and foliose macroalgae). Our study was based on a long (2006-2016) series of high resolution data (fixed photoquadrats) acquired along a cross-shelf gradient that includes coastal unprotected reefs and offshore protected sites. The study region (Abrolhos Bank) comprises the largest and richest coralline complex in the South Atlantic, and a foremost example of a turbid-zone reef system with low diversity and expressive coral cover. Coral growth was significantly different between reefs. Coral-algae contacts predominated inshore, while cyanobacteria and turf contacts dominated offshore. An overall trend in positive coral growth was detected from 2009 onward in the inshore reef, whereas retraction in live coral tissue was observed offshore during this period. Turbidity (+) and cyanobacteria (-) were the best predictors of coral growth. Complimentary incubation experiments, in which treatments of Symbiodinium spp. from M. braziliensis colonies were subjected to cyanobacterial exudates, showed a negative effect of the exudate on the symbionts, demonstrating that cyanobacteria play an important role in coral tissue necrosis. Negative effects of cyanobacteria on living coral tissue may remain undetected from percent cover estimates gathered at larger spatial scales, as these ephemeral organisms tend to be rapidly replaced by longer-living macroalgae, or complex turf-like consortia. The cross-shelf trend of decreasing turbidity and macroalgae abundance suggests either a direct positive effect of turbidity on coral growth, or an indirect effect related to the higher inshore cover of foliose macroalgae, constraining cyanobacterial abundance. It is unclear whether the higher inshore macroalgal abundance (10-20% of reef cover) is a stable phase related to a long-standing high turbidity background, or a contemporary response to anthropogenic stress. Our results challenge the idea that high macroalgal cover is always associated with compromised coral health, as the baselines for turbid zone reefs may derive sharply from those of coral-dominated reefs that dwell under oligotrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Ribeiro
- Departamento de Geologia (GGO), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João A Sá
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovana O Fistarol
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato C Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza A M Souza
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Neves
- Departamento de Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Três Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M Amado-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo T Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex C Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando C Moraes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bastos AC, Moura RL, Moraes FC, Vieira LS, Braga JC, Ramalho LV, Amado-Filho GM, Magdalena UR, Webster JM. Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9638. [PMID: 29941983 PMCID: PMC6018419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In major modern reef regions, either in the Indo-Pacific or the Caribbean, scleractinian corals are described as the main reef framework builders, often associated with crustose coralline algae. We used underwater cores to investigate Late Holocene reef growth and characterise the main framework builders in the Abrolhos Shelf, the largest and richest modern tropical reef complex in the South Western Atlantic, a scientifically underexplored reef province. Rather than a typical coralgal reef, our results show a complex framework building system dominated by bryozoans. Bryozoans were major components in all cores and age intervals (2,000 yrs BP), accounting for up to 44% of the reef framework, while crustose coralline algae and coral accounted for less than 28 and 23%, respectively. Reef accretion rates varied from 2.7 to 0.9 mm yr-1, which are similar to typical coralgal reefs. Bryozoan functional groups encompassed 20 taxa and Celleporaria atlantica (Busk, 1884) dominated the framework at all cores. While the prevalent mesotrophic conditions may have driven suspension-feeders' dominance over photoautotrophs and mixotrophs, we propose that a combination of historical factors with the low storm-disturbance regime of the tropical South Atlantic also contributed to the region's low diversity, and underlies the unique mushroom shape of the Abrolhos pinnacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari 514, Vitória, ES, 29090-600, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Moraes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Laura S Vieira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Dinâmica dos Oceanos e da Terra, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida General Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n°, Niterói, RJ, 24210-346, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Braga
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Laís V Ramalho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M Amado-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Ulises R Magdalena
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-970, Brazil
| | - Jody M Webster
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Pinheiro HT, Rocha LA, Macieira RM, Carvalho-Filho A, Anderson AB, Bender MG, Di Dario F, Ferreira CEL, Figueiredo-Filho J, Francini-Filho R, Gasparini JL, Joyeux JC, Luiz OJ, Mincarone MM, Moura RL, Nunes JDACC, Quimbayo JP, Rosa RS, Sampaio CLS, Sazima I, Simon T, Vila-Nova DA, Floeter SR. South-western Atlantic reef fishes: Zoogeographical patterns and ecological drivers reveal a secondary biodiversity centre in the Atlantic Ocean. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hudson T. Pinheiro
- California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco CA USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA USA
- Associação Ambiental Voz da Natureza; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco CA USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Raphael M. Macieira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha ES Brazil
| | | | - Antônio B. Anderson
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Mariana G. Bender
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Fabio Di Dario
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Macaé RJ Brazil
| | | | - Jessé Figueiredo-Filho
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Rio Tinto PB Brazil
| | - João L. Gasparini
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Osmar J. Luiz
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT Australia
| | - Michael M. Mincarone
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Macaé RJ Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - Juan P. Quimbayo
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Rosa
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Cláudio L. S. Sampaio
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação; Universidade Federal de Alagoas; Penedo AL Brazil
| | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Zoologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Thiony Simon
- Associação Ambiental Voz da Natureza; Vitória ES Brazil
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Daniele A. Vila-Nova
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Sergio R. Floeter
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
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Neumann-Leitão S, Melo PAMC, Schwamborn R, Diaz XFG, Figueiredo LGP, Silva AP, Campelo RPS, de Melo Júnior M, Melo NFAC, Costa AESF, Araújo M, Veleda DRA, Moura RL, Thompson F. Zooplankton From a Reef System Under the Influence of the Amazon River Plume. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:355. [PMID: 29545783 PMCID: PMC5838004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At the mouth of the Amazon River, a widespread carbonate ecosystem exists below the river plume, generating a hard-bottom reef (∼9500 km2) that includes mainly large sponges but also rhodolith beds. The mesozooplankton associated with the pelagic realm over the reef formation was characterized, considering the estuarine plume and oceanic influence. Vertical hauls were carried out using a standard plankton net with 200 μm mesh size during September 2014. An indicator index was applied to express species importance as ecological indicators in community. Information on functional traits was gathered for the most abundant copepod species. Overall, 179 zooplankton taxa were recorded. Copepods were the richest (92 species), most diverse and most abundant group, whereas meroplankton were rare and less abundant. Species diversity (>3.0 bits.ind-1) and evenness (>0.6) were high, indicating a complex community. Small holoplanktonic species dominated the zooplankton, and the total density varied from 107.98 ind. m-3 over the reef area to 2,609.24 ind. m-3 in the estuarine plume, with a significant difference between coastal and oceanic areas. The most abundant copepods were the coastal species ithona plumifera and Clausocalanus furcatus and early stages copepodites of Paracalanidae. The holoplanktonic Oikopleura, an important producer of mucous houses, was very abundant on the reefs. The indicator species index revealed three groups: (1) indicative of coastal waters under the influence of the estuarine plume [Euterpina acutifrons, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Oikopleura (Vexillaria) dioica and Hydromedusae]; (2) characterized coastal and oceanic conditions (Clausocalanus); (3) characterized the reef system (O. plumifera). Two major copepods functional groups were identified and sorted according to their trophic strategy and coastal-oceanic distribution. The species that dominated the coastal area and the area over the rhodolith beds are indicators of the estuarine plume and are mixed with species of the North Brazil Current. These species practically disappear offshore, where occur oceanic species commonly found in other oligotrophic tropical areas. This ecosystem shows a mixture of estuarine, coastal and oceanic communities coexisting in the waters over the Amazon reefs, with no significant differences among these areas. However, the MDS clearly separated the communities along the salinity gradient in the plume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro A. M. C. Melo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ralf Schwamborn
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Xiomara F. G. Diaz
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea P. Silva
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Renata P. S. Campelo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Melo Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nuno F. A. C. Melo
- Instituto Sócioambiental e Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Moacyr Araújo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais – Rede CLIMA, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Dóris R. A. Veleda
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais – Rede CLIMA, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de Biologia e SAGE/COPPE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de Biologia e SAGE/COPPE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Hoffmann GCS, Freitas MO, Moura RL, Previero M, Abilhoa V. Reproductive biology of Haemulon plumierii in the south-western Atlantic Ocean's most extensive reefs: implications for fisheries management. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:2111-2124. [PMID: 28321878 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of the white grunt Haemulon plumierii was studied from 360 individuals obtained from artisanal fisheries landings in the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, between August 2010 and March 2012. The overall sex-ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1, although males predominated in larger size classes. β-Binomial modelling of historical sex-ratio data indicated that the catch rate of females has increased in recent years. Females reached maturity at a smaller total length (LT ; 214 mm) than males (235 mm LT ) and the LT at which 50% of all individuals are mature (L50 ) was 220 mm, corresponding to 41·5% of the maximum recorded LT . Variation in the gonado-somatic index and in the relative frequency of reproductive stages indicates that reproduction occurs year round, with increased activity during the austral spring and summer. Fecundity was not size dependent. The reproductive parameters provided here can support management measures focussed on seasonal closures during spawning peaks (September to November and February to March) and minimum sizes (>L50 ) for the capture of this important artisanal fisheries resource in Abrolhos, the region with the largest and most biodiverse coralline reefs in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C S Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M O Freitas
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22.460-000, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Prefeitura de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - R L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21.941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Previero
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Abilhoa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Prefeitura de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Freitas MO, Abilhoa V, Spach HL, Minte-Vera CV, Francini-Filho RB, Kaufman L, Moura RL. Feeding ecology of two sympatric species of large-sized groupers (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) on Southwestern Atlantic coralline reefs. Neotrop ichthyol 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Red and black groupers are large-bodied opportunistic ambush predators commonly found in Southwestern Atlantic tropical reefs. We investigated the diet of both species in order to detail ontogenetic, spatial and temporal trends, and to assess the extent of overlap in resource use between these two sympatric predators on the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Decapods and fishes were the main food items of Epinephelus morio while fishes were the main prey of Mycteroperca bonaci. Both diets were significantly influenced by body size and habitat, but only smaller individuals of E. morio feed almost exclusively on crustaceans. While the two groupers rely on many of the same prey types, coexistence may be facilitated by E. morio feeding more heavily on crustaceans, particularly the blackpoint sculling crab Cronius ruber, while black grouper take comparatively few crustaceans but lots of fish prey. Predators like red and black groupers could trigger indirect effects in the community and influence a large range of ecological processes, such as linkages between top and intermediate predators, and intermediate predators and their resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus O. Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Brazil
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Simon T, Pinheiro HT, Moura RL, Carvalho-Filho A, Rocha LA, Martins AS, Mazzei E, Francini-Filho RB, Amado-Filho GM, Joyeux JC. Mesophotic fishes of the Abrolhos Shelf, the largest reef ecosystem in the South Atlantic. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:990-1001. [PMID: 27094882 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fishes inhabiting rhodolith beds and reefs at mesophotic depths on the Abrolhos Shelf, which encompasses the largest and richest coral reef formation in the South Atlantic Ocean, were assessed through technical diving and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). A total of 74 fish species were recorded, including at least one new species, one new record for the south-western Atlantic and six new records for the Abrolhos region. Overfishing, mining and port activities are already threatening many endangered and commercially important species recorded on the mesophotic reefs of Abrolhos Shelf, and the establishment of marine protected areas and off-reserve fisheries regulations are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Simon
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - H T Pinheiro
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, 94118, U.S.A
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, U.S.A
| | - R L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-970, Brazil
| | - A Carvalho-Filho
- Fish Bizz Ltda., Rua Moncorvo Filho 51, São Paulo, SP, 05507-060, Brazil
| | - L A Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, 94118, U.S.A
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, U.S.A
| | - A S Martins
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - E Mazzei
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - R B Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, PB, 58109-753, Brazil
| | - G M Amado-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - J-C Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
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17
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Moura RL, Amado-Filho GM, Moraes FC, Brasileiro PS, Salomon PS, Mahiques MM, Bastos AC, Almeida MG, Silva JM, Araujo BF, Brito FP, Rangel TP, Oliveira BCV, Bahia RG, Paranhos RP, Dias RJS, Siegle E, Figueiredo AG, Pereira RC, Leal CV, Hajdu E, Asp NE, Gregoracci GB, Neumann-Leitão S, Yager PL, Francini-Filho RB, Fróes A, Campeão M, Silva BS, Moreira APB, Oliveira L, Soares AC, Araujo L, Oliveira NL, Teixeira JB, Valle RAB, Thompson CC, Rezende CE, Thompson FL. An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501252. [PMID: 27152336 PMCID: PMC4846441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Large rivers create major gaps in reef distribution along tropical shelves. The Amazon River represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean, generating up to a 1.3 × 10(6)-km(2) plume, and extensive muddy bottoms in the equatorial margin of South America. As a result, a wide area of the tropical North Atlantic is heavily affected in terms of salinity, pH, light penetration, and sedimentation. Such unfavorable conditions were thought to imprint a major gap in Western Atlantic reefs. We present an extensive carbonate system off the Amazon mouth, underneath the river plume. Significant carbonate sedimentation occurred during lowstand sea level, and still occurs in the outer shelf, resulting in complex hard-bottom topography. A permanent near-bottom wedge of ocean water, together with the seasonal nature of the plume's eastward retroflection, conditions the existence of this extensive (~9500 km(2)) hard-bottom mosaic. The Amazon reefs transition from accretive to erosional structures and encompass extensive rhodolith beds. Carbonate structures function as a connectivity corridor for wide depth-ranging reef-associated species, being heavily colonized by large sponges and other structure-forming filter feeders that dwell under low light and high levels of particulates. The oxycline between the plume and subplume is associated with chemoautotrophic and anaerobic microbial metabolisms. The system described here provides several insights about the responses of tropical reefs to suboptimal and marginal reef-building conditions, which are accelerating worldwide due to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M. Amado-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Moraes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Poliana S. Brasileiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Michel M. Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP CEP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Alex C. Bastos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória ES CEP 29199-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G. Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jomar M. Silva
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Beatriz F. Araujo
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Frederico P. Brito
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Thiago P. Rangel
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Braulio C. V. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G. Bahia
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Paranhos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo J. S. Dias
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP CEP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Siegle
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP CEP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Alberto G. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói RJ CEP 24210-346, Brazil
| | - Renato C. Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói RJ CEP 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Camille V. Leal
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Nils E. Asp
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança PA CEP 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Gregoracci
- Departmento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos SP CEP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife PE CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Patricia L. Yager
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602–2626, USA
| | | | - Adriana Fróes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campeão
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Ana P. B. Moreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Louisi Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Soares
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Lais Araujo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Nara L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA CEP 45650-000, Brazil
| | - João B. Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA CEP 45650-000, Brazil
| | - Rogerio A. B. Valle
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602, Brazil
- Corresponding author: E-mail: (F.L.T.); (C.E.R.)
| | - Fabiano L. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-599, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão da Produção, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-972, Brazil
- Corresponding author: E-mail: (F.L.T.); (C.E.R.)
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18
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Silva-Lima AW, Walter JM, Garcia GD, Ramires N, Ank G, Meirelles PM, Nobrega AF, Siva-Neto ID, Moura RL, Salomon PS, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Multiple Symbiodinium Strains Are Hosted by the Brazilian Endemic Corals Mussismilia spp. Microb Ecol 2015; 70:301-310. [PMID: 25666537 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Corals of genus Mussismilia (Mussidae) are one of the oldest extant clades of scleractinians. These Neogene relicts are endemic to the Brazilian coast and represent the main reef-building corals in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SAO). The relatively low-diversity/high-endemism SAO coralline systems are under rapid decline from emerging diseases and other local and global stressors, but have not been severely affected by coral bleaching. Despite the biogeographic significance and importance for understanding coral resilience, there is scant information about the diversity of Symbiodinium in this ocean basin. In this study, we established the first culture collections of Symbiodinium from Mussismilia hosts, comprising 11 isolates, four of them obtained by fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). We also analyzed Symbiodinium diversity directly from Mussismilia tissue samples (N = 16) and characterized taxonomically the cultures and tissue samples by sequencing the dominant ITS2 region. Symbiodinium strains A4, B19, and C3 were detected. Symbiodinium C3 was predominant in the larger SAO reef system (Abrolhos), while Symbiodinium B19 was found only in deep samples from the oceanic Trindade Island. Symbiodinium strains A4 and C3 isolates were recovered from the same Mussismilia braziliensis coral colony. In face of increasing threats, these results indicate that Symbiodinium community dynamics shall have an important contribution for the resilience of Mussismilia spp. corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Silva-Lima
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Fo. S/N - CCS - IB - Lab de Microbiologia - BLOCO A (Anexo) A3 - sl 102, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-599
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19
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Silveira CB, Silva-Lima AW, Francini-Filho RB, Marques JS, Almeida MG, Thompson CC, Rezende CE, Paranhos R, Moura RL, Salomon PS, Thompson FL. Microbial and sponge loops modify fish production in phase-shifting coral reefs. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:3832-46. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B. Silveira
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Arthur W. Silva-Lima
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | | | - Jomar S.M. Marques
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Marcelo G. Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Cristiane C. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Carlos E. Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Rodolfo Paranhos
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Paulo S. Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Fabiano L. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brasil
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20
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Pinheiro HT, Mazzei E, Moura RL, Amado-Filho GM, Carvalho-Filho A, Braga AC, Costa PAS, Ferreira BP, Ferreira CEL, Floeter SR, Francini-Filho RB, Gasparini JL, Macieira RM, Martins AS, Olavo G, Pimentel CR, Rocha LA, Sazima I, Simon T, Teixeira JB, Xavier LB, Joyeux JC. Fish biodiversity of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, southwestern Atlantic: an updated database. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118180. [PMID: 25738798 PMCID: PMC4349783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a strong increase in research on seamounts and oceanic islands ecology and biogeography, many basic aspects of their biodiversity are still unknown. In the southwestern Atlantic, the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain (VTC) extends ca. 1,200 km offshore the Brazilian continental shelf, from the Vitória seamount to the oceanic islands of Trindade and Martin Vaz. For a long time, most of the biological information available regarded its islands. Our study presents and analyzes an extensive database on the VTC fish biodiversity, built on data compiled from literature and recent scientific expeditions that assessed both shallow to mesophotic environments. A total of 273 species were recorded, 211 of which occur on seamounts and 173 at the islands. New records for seamounts or islands include 191 reef fish species and 64 depth range extensions. The structure of fish assemblages was similar between islands and seamounts, not differing in species geographic distribution, trophic composition, or spawning strategies. Main differences were related to endemism, higher at the islands, and to the number of endangered species, higher at the seamounts. Since unregulated fishing activities are common in the region, and mining activities are expected to drastically increase in the near future (carbonates on seamount summits and metals on slopes), this unique biodiversity needs urgent attention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson T. Pinheiro
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Eric Mazzei
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana C. Braga
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. S. Costa
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatrice P. Ferreira
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio R. Floeter
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - João Luiz Gasparini
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Raphael M. Macieira
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo S. Martins
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - George Olavo
- Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Caio R. Pimentel
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiony Simon
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas B. Xavier
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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21
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Cavalcanti GS, Gregoracci GB, dos Santos EO, Silveira CB, Meirelles PM, Longo L, Gotoh K, Nakamura S, Iida T, Sawabe T, Rezende CE, Francini-Filho RB, Moura RL, Amado-Filho GM, Thompson FL. Physiologic and metagenomic attributes of the rhodoliths forming the largest CaCO3 bed in the South Atlantic Ocean. ISME J 2013; 8:52-62. [PMID: 23985749 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rhodoliths are free-living coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) that are ecologically important for the functioning of marine environments. They form extensive beds distributed worldwide, providing a habitat and nursery for benthic organisms and space for fisheries, and are an important source of calcium carbonate. The Abrolhos Bank, off eastern Brazil, harbors the world's largest continuous rhodolith bed (of ∼21,000 km(2)) and has one of the largest marine CaCO3 deposits (producing 25 megatons of CaCO3 per year). Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about the microbial diversity, photosynthetic potential and ecological interactions within the rhodolith holobiont. Herein, we performed an ecophysiologic and metagenomic analysis of the Abrolhos rhodoliths to understand their microbial composition and functional components. Rhodoliths contained a specific microbiome that displayed a significant enrichment in aerobic ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacteria. We also observed a significant contribution of bacterial guilds (that is, photolithoautotrophs, anaerobic heterotrophs, sulfide oxidizers, anoxygenic phototrophs and methanogens) in the rhodolith metagenome, suggested to have important roles in biomineralization. The increased hits in aromatic compounds, fatty acid and secondary metabolism subsystems hint at an important chemically mediated interaction in which a functional job partition among eukaryal, archaeal and bacterial groups allows the rhodolith holobiont to thrive in the global ocean. High rates of photosynthesis were measured for Abrolhos rhodoliths (52.16 μmol carbon m(-2 )s(-1)), allowing the entire Abrolhos rhodolith bed to produce 5.65 × 10(5) tons C per day. This estimate illustrates the great importance of the Abrolhos rhodolith beds for dissolved carbon production in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle S Cavalcanti
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B Gregoracci
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eidy O dos Santos
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynthia B Silveira
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Meirelles
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Longo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kazuyoshi Gotoh
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sawabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carlos E Rezende
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Campos dos Goytacazes, UENF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Francini-Filho RB, Coni EOC, Meirelles PM, Amado-Filho GM, Thompson FL, Pereira-Filho GH, Bastos AC, Abrantes DP, Ferreira CM, Gibran FZ, Güth AZ, Sumida PYG, Oliveira NL, Kaufman L, Minte-Vera CV, Moura RL. Dynamics of coral reef benthic assemblages of the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil: inferences on natural and anthropogenic drivers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54260. [PMID: 23365655 PMCID: PMC3554776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abrolhos Bank (eastern Brazil) encompasses the largest and richest coral reefs of the South Atlantic. Coral reef benthic assemblages of the region were monitored from 2003 to 2008. Two habitats (pinnacles' tops and walls) were sampled per site with 3–10 sites sampled within different reef areas. Different methodologies were applied in two distinct sampling periods: 2003–2005 and 2006–2008. Spatial coverage and taxonomic resolution were lower in the former than in the latter period. Benthic assemblages differed markedly in the smallest spatial scale, with greater differences recorded between habitats. Management regimes and biomass of fish functional groups (roving and territorial herbivores) had minor influences on benthic assemblages. These results suggest that local environmental factors such as light, depth and substrate inclination exert a stronger influence on the structure of benthic assemblages than protection from fishing. Reef walls of unprotected coastal reefs showed highest coral cover values, with a major contribution of Montastraea cavernosa (a sediment resistant species that may benefit from low light levels). An overall negative relationship between fleshy macroalgae and slow-growing reef-building organisms (i.e. scleractinians and crustose calcareous algae) was recorded, suggesting competition between these organisms. The opposite trend (i.e. positive relationships) was recorded for turf algae and the two reef-building organisms, suggesting beneficial interactions and/or co-occurrence mediated by unexplored factors. Turf algae cover increased across the region between 2006 and 2008, while scleractinian cover showed no change. The need of a continued and standardized monitoring program, aimed at understanding drivers of change in community patterns, as well as to subsidize sound adaptive conservation and management measures, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Amado-Filho GM, Moura RL, Bastos AC, Salgado LT, Sumida PY, Guth AZ, Francini-Filho RB, Pereira-Filho GH, Abrantes DP, Brasileiro PS, Bahia RG, Leal RN, Kaufman L, Kleypas JA, Farina M, Thompson FL. Rhodolith beds are major CaCO3 bio-factories in the tropical South West Atlantic. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35171. [PMID: 22536356 PMCID: PMC3335062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodoliths are nodules of non-geniculate coralline algae that occur in shallow waters (<150 m depth) subjected to episodic disturbance. Rhodolith beds stand with kelp beds, seagrass meadows, and coralline algal reefs as one of the world's four largest macrophyte-dominated benthic communities. Geographic distribution of rhodolith beds is discontinuous, with large concentrations off Japan, Australia and the Gulf of California, as well as in the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, eastern Caribbean and Brazil. Although there are major gaps in terms of seabed habitat mapping, the largest rhodolith beds are purported to occur off Brazil, where these communities are recorded across a wide latitudinal range (2°N-27°S). To quantify their extent, we carried out an inter-reefal seabed habitat survey on the Abrolhos Shelf (16°50'-19°45'S) off eastern Brazil, and confirmed the most expansive and contiguous rhodolith bed in the world, covering about 20,900 km(2). Distribution, extent, composition and structure of this bed were assessed with side scan sonar, remotely operated vehicles, and SCUBA. The mean rate of CaCO(3) production was estimated from in situ growth assays at 1.07 kg m(-2) yr(-1), with a total production rate of 0.025 Gt yr(-1), comparable to those of the world's largest biogenic CaCO(3) deposits. These gigantic rhodolith beds, of areal extent equivalent to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, are a critical, yet poorly understood component of the tropical South Atlantic Ocean. Based on the relatively high vulnerability of coralline algae to ocean acidification, these beds are likely to experience a profound restructuring in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex C. Bastos
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Leonardo T. Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Y. Sumida
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Z. Guth
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Douglas P. Abrantes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Poliana S. Brasileiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G. Bahia
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel N. Leal
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Les Kaufman
- Boston University Marine Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joanie A. Kleypas
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L. Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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de Castro AP, Araújo SD, Reis AMM, Moura RL, Francini-Filho RB, Pappas G, Rodrigues TB, Thompson FL, Krüger RH. Bacterial community associated with healthy and diseased reef coral Mussismilia hispida from eastern Brazil. Microb Ecol 2010; 59:658-67. [PMID: 20352207 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-010-9646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the bacterial community diversity associated to mucus of the coral Mussismilia hispida, four 16S rDNA libraries were constructed and 400 clones from each library were analyzed from two healthy colonies, one diseased colony and the surrounding water. Nine bacterial phyla were identified in healthy M. hispida, with a dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Nitrospira. The most commonly found species were related to the genera Azospirillum, Hirschia, Fabibacter, Blastochloris, Stella, Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Terasakiella, Alkalibacter, Staphylococcus, Azospirillum, Propionibacterium, Arcobacter, and Paenibacillus. In contrast, diseased M. hispida had a predominance of one single species of Bacteroidetes, corresponding to more than 70% of the sequences. Rarefaction curves using evolutionary distance of 1% showed a greater decrease in bacterial diversity in the diseased M. hispida, with a reduction of almost 85% in OTUs in comparison to healthy colonies. integral-Libshuff analyses show that significant p values obtained were <0.0001, demonstrating that the four libraries are significantly different. Furthermore, the sympatric corals M. hispida and Mussismilia braziliensis appear to have different bacterial community compositions according to Principal Component Analysis and Lineage-specific Analysis. Moreover, lineages that contribute to those differences were identified as alpha-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The results obtained in this study suggest host-microbe co-evolution in Mussismilia, and it was the first study on the diversity of the microbiota of the endemic and endangered of extinction Brazilian coral M. hispida from Abrolhos bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinne Pereira de Castro
- Laboratorio de Enzimologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasil
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Reis AMM, Araújo SD, Moura RL, Francini-Filho RB, Pappas G, Coelho AMA, Krüger RH, Thompson FL. Bacterial diversity associated with the Brazilian endemic reef coral Mussismilia braziliensis. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1378-87. [PMID: 19187136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We performed the first characterization of the microbiota associated with the reef coral Mussismilia braziliensis by means of a culture-independent approach. METHODS AND RESULTS The main groups were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and unclassified bacteria according to the 16S rDNA libraries. Most of the sequences of the mucus of healthy and diseased M. braziliensis did not find close matches in GenBank (i.e. >97% 16S rDNA similarity). Most of the sequences of seawater and mucus of healthy coral fell into tight clusters (17 and 15 clusters respectively). In contrast, most of the sequences of mucus of diseased coral did not form clusters. The rarefaction curves indicate saturation in the recovery of higher taxa (approximately 40 phyla). However, the number of species in the coral mucus (n = 130-170) and seawater (n = 170) did not reach a plateau. CONCLUSIONS The coral microbiota encompasses several potentially novel species and higher taxa. The microbiota of M. braziliensis appears to be species-specific. Diseased coral may have provided a suitable place for colonization by opportunistic bacteria, resulting in a greater bacterial diversity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The first study on the diversity of the microbiota of the endemic and endangered of extinction coral M. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Reis
- Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brazil
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Francini-Filho RB, Moura RL, Thompson FL, Reis RM, Kaufman L, Kikuchi RKP, Leão ZMAN. Diseases leading to accelerated decline of reef corals in the largest South Atlantic reef complex (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil). Mar Pollut Bull 2008; 56:1008-1014. [PMID: 18348890 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although reef corals worldwide have sustained epizootics in recent years, no coral diseases have been observed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean until now. Here we present an overview of the main types of diseases and their incidence in the largest and richest coral reefs in the South Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil). Qualitative observations since the 1980s and regular monitoring since 2001 indicate that coral diseases intensified only recently (2005-2007). Based on estimates of disease prevalence and progression rate, as well as on the growth rate of a major reef-building coral species (the Brazilian-endemic Mussismilia braziliensis), we predict that eastern Brazilian reefs will suffer a massive coral cover decline in the next 50 years, and that M. braziliensis will be nearly extinct in less than a century if the current rate of mortality due to disease is not reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Recifes de Corais e Mudanças Globais, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Caetano Moura 123, 40210-340 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Francini-Filho RB, Moura RL, Ferreira CM, Coni EOC. Live coral predation by parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil, with comments on the classification of species into functional groups. Neotrop ichthyol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252008000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) represent a critical functional group on coral reefs because their intense herbivory activity helps in avoiding coral overgrowth by algae. Although feeding preferentially on algae and detritus, some parrotfish species also consume live corals, leading to detrimental effects that may offset the benefits of removing competitive seaweeds. Parrotfish species differ markedly in terms of jaw morphology, foraging activity and extent of substratum excavation, and are typically divided into three functional groups: browsers, scrapers and excavators. The recognition of species within each functional group helps to understand their relative effects in terms of bioerosion, coral fitness and survival, habitat alteration and ecosystem dynamics. Here we report on live coral predation by the Brazilian endemic parrotfishes Scarus trispinosus and Sparisoma amplum in the largest coral reefs of the South Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil) and comment on their classification into functional groups based on direct behavioral observations. Scarus trispinosus and Sp. amplum allocated 0.8% and 8.1% of their bites to live corals respectively. Sparisoma amplum fed at lower rates, took shorter feeding forays and larger bites than Sc. trispinosus. Bite rates and foray size were negatively correlated to body size for Sc. trispinosus, but not for Sp. amplum. Our results indicate that Sp. amplum may be primarily recognized as an excavating species, as well as the most specialized parrotfish coral predator in Brazil, while Sc. trispinosus may be recognized as a scraper or excavator depending on its body size. This functional classification corresponds to the classification used for the putative sister taxa of Sc. trispinosus (Sc. coeruleus) and the sister taxa of Sp. amplum (Sp. viride) in the Caribbean, indicating that these two congeneric species pairs play similar ecological roles in different geographic regions.
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Sazima C, Moura RL, Sazima I. Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Pristigasteridae), a small predaceous herring with folded and distinctively oriented prey in stomach. BRAZ J BIOL 2004; 64:165-8. [PMID: 15195375 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842004000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Predaceous fish-eating species of the order Clupeiformes have a large mouth with well-developed teeth, and reach the greatest sizes within their families (up to 90 cm). We found that the pristigasterid Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, a small clupeiform (about 10 cm) from the tropical SW Atlantic, is able to prey on proportionally large clupeoid fishes and caridean shrimps. Fish preys are folded in the stomach of this herring, their heads and tails pointing toward the predator's head. This distinctive orientation of fish prey is also recorded for some small to medium-sized, fish-eating species of the tropical freshwater order Characiformes with canine-like teeth similar to those found in C. bleekerianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sazima
- Departamento de Zoologia e Museu de História Natural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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Abstract
The aggressive nature of childhood cholesteatoma has generated much controversy regarding the optimal management of this challenging disorder. To identify potential predictors of residual-recurrent disease, we studied 232 children (244 ears) treated with 427 surgical procedures between 1973 and 1990. Cause of the primary cholesteatoma was congenital in 43 patients (18%), acquired in 83 (36%), and unknown in 106 (46%). Of 90 patients with residual-recurrent disease, 21 (23%) instances were detected during a second-look surgical exploration. The 3- and 5-year residual-recurrence rates were 48% and 57%, respectively. Development of residual-recurrent disease was associated with ossicular erosion (Cox regression) but not with status of the canal wall (up vs down) during tympanomastoidectomy. This study suggests a need for intense and prolonged postoperative follow-up of children with cholesteatoma, especially those with ossicular erosion.
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