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Feng X, Chen Y, Chen S, Peng Y, Liu Z, Jiang M, Feng Y, Wang L, Li L, Chen J. Dominant Contribution of NO 3 Radical to NO 3- Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ 17O and δ 18O. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20726-20735. [PMID: 38035574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
δ18O is widely used to track nitrate (NO3-) formation but overlooks NO3 radical reactions with hydrocarbons (HCs), particularly in heavily emitting hazes. This study introduces high-time resolution Δ17O-NO3- as a powerful tool to quantify NO3- formation during five hazes in three cities. Results show significant differences between Δ17O-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- in identifying NO3- formation. δ18O-NO3- results suggested N2O5 hydrolysis (62.0-88.4%) as the major pathway of NO3- formation, while Δ17O-NO3- shows the NO3- formation contributions of NO2 + OH (17.7-66.3%), NO3 + HC (10.8-49.6%), and N2O5 hydrolysis (22.9-33.3%), revealing significant NO3 + HC contribution (41.7-56%) under severe pollution. Furthermore, NO3- formation varies with temperatures, NOx oxidation rate (NOR), and pollution levels. Higher NO2 + OH contribution and lower NO3 + HC contribution were observed at higher temperatures, except for low NOR haze where higher NO2 + OH contributions were observed at low temperatures (T ← 10 °C). This emphasizes the significance of NO2 + OH in emission-dominated haze. Contributions of NO2 + OH and NO3 + HC relate to NOR as positive (fP1 = 3.0*NOR2 - 2.4*NOR + 0.8) and negative (fP2 = -2.3*NOR2 + 1.8*NOR) quadratic functions, respectively, with min/max values at NOR = 0.4. At mild pollution, NO2 + OH (58.1 ± 22.2%) dominated NO3- formation, shifting to NO3 + HC (35.5 ± 16.3%) during severe pollution. Additionally, high-time resolution Δ17O-NO3- reveals that morning-evening rush hours and high temperatures at noon promote the contributions of NO3 + HC and NO2 + OH, respectively. Our results suggested that the differences in the NO3- pathway are attributed to temperatures, NOR, and pollution levels. Furthermore, high-time resolution Δ17O-NO3- is vital for quantifying NO3 + HC contribution during severe hazes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yu Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Fan MY, Zhang YL, Lin YC, Hong Y, Zhao ZY, Xie F, Du W, Cao F, Sun Y, Fu P. Important Role of NO 3 Radical to Nitrate Formation Aloft in Urban Beijing: Insights from Triple Oxygen Isotopes Measured at the Tower. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6870-6879. [PMID: 34428888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Until now, there has been a lack of knowledge regarding the vertical profiles of nitrate formation in the urban boundary layer (BL) based on triple oxygen isotopes. Here, we conducted vertical measurements of the oxygen anomaly of nitrate (Δ17O-NO3-) on a 325 m meteorological tower in urban Beijing during the winter and summer. The simultaneous vertical measurements suggested different formation mechanisms of nitrate aerosols at ground level and 120 and 260 m in the winter due to the less efficient vertical mixing under stable atmospheric conditions. Particularly, different chemical processes of nitrate aerosols at the three heights were found between clean days and polluted days in the winter. On clean days, nocturnal chemistry (NO3 + HC and N2O5 uptake) contributed to nitrate production equally with OH/H2O + NO2 at ground level, while it dominated aloft (contributing 80% of nitrate production at 260 m), due to the higher aerosol liquid water content and O3 concentration there. On polluted days, nocturnal reactions dominated the formation of nitrate at the three heights. Particularly, the contribution of the OH/H2O + NO2 pathway to nitrate production increased from the ground level to 120 m might be attributed to the hydrolysis of NO2 to HONO and then further photolysis to OH radicals in the day. In contrast, the proportion of N2O5 + H2O decreased at 260 m, likely due to the low relative humidity aloft that inhibited the N2O5 hydrolysis reactions in the residual layer. Our results highlighted that the differences between meteorology and gaseous precursors could largely affect particulate nitrate formation at different heights within the polluted urban BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Hong
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Yu Zhao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Huang W, Yao D, Zhao S, Wang Y, Ji D, Zhang R, Wang Y. Parameterized atmospheric oxidation capacity and speciated OH reactivity over a suburban site in the North China Plain: A comparative study between summer and winter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145264. [PMID: 33940722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) and photochemical reactivity are of increasing concern owing to their roles in photochemical pollution. The AOC and OH reactivity were evaluated based on simultaneous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trace gases and photolysis frequency during summer and winter campaigns at a suburban site in Xianghe. The AOC exhibited well-defined seasonal and diurnal patterns, with higher intensities during the summertime and daytime than during the wintertime and nighttime, respectively. The major reductants contributing to the AOC during the summertime were CO (41%) and alkenes (41%), whereas CO (40%) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (30%) dominated the AOC during the wintertime. The dominant oxidant contributor to the AOC during the daytime was OH (≥93%), while the contributions of O3 and NO3 (≥75%) to the AOC increased during the nighttime. High values during the wintertime and an increase at night were features of the speciated OH reactivity. Inorganic compounds (NOx and CO) dominated the speciated OH reactivity (76% and 85% during the summer and winter campaigns, respectively). Among VOCs, the dominant contributors were alkenes (12%) and OVOCs (7%) during the summer and winter campaigns, respectively. The ratio of NOx- and VOC-attributed OH reactivity indicated that O3 formation occurred under a VOC-limited regime during the summertime and that aromatics had the largest potential to form O3. Isoprene and m/p-xylene were the most important contributors to the AOC, OH reactivity and O3-forming among VOCs during the summertime, biogenic sources and secondary formation and industrial production were the main sources of these species. During the wintertime, hexanal and ethylene were the key VOC species contributing to the AOC and OH reactivity, and solvent usage and traffic-related emissions were the main contributing sources. We recommend that priority measures for the control of VOC species and sources should be taken when suitable. CAPSULE: This study focused on the similarities and differences in the AOC and speciated OH reactivity during summer and winter campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuman Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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4
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He Q, Tomaz S, Li C, Zhu M, Meidan D, Riva M, Laskin A, Brown SS, George C, Wang X, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced by Nitrate Radical Oxidation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2878-2889. [PMID: 33596062 PMCID: PMC8023652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nighttime oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) by nitrate radicals (NO3·) represents one of the most important interactions between anthropogenic and natural emissions, leading to substantial secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The direct climatic effect of such SOA cannot be quantified because its optical properties and atmospheric fate are poorly understood. In this study, we generated SOA from the NO3· oxidation of a series BVOCs including isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The SOA were subjected to comprehensive online and offline chemical composition analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry and optical properties measurements using a novel broadband (315-650 nm) cavity-enhanced spectrometer, which covers the wavelength range needed to understand the potential contribution of the SOA to direct radiative forcing. The SOA contained a significant fraction of oxygenated organic nitrates (ONs), consisting of monomers and oligomers that are responsible for the detected light absorption in the 315-400 nm range. The SOA created from β-pinene and α-humulene was further photochemically aged in an oxidation flow reactor. The SOA has an atmospheric photochemical bleaching lifetime of >6.2 h, indicating that some of the ONs in the SOA may serve as atmosphere-stable nitrogen oxide sinks or reservoirs and will absorb and scatter incoming solar radiation during the daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu He
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- Univ
Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ming Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daphne Meidan
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ
Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christian George
- Univ
Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xinming Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center
for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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5
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Wang S, Li H. NO 3·-Initiated Gas-Phase Formation of Nitrated Phenolic Compounds in Polluted Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2899-2907. [PMID: 33594878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds are key contents of particulate matter in the megacities of Asia. As a series of important ON, nitrated phenolic compounds (NPs) are of high concentration in the atmosphere, although their formation mechanism and role in particulate nucleation and growth are not fully understood. Herein, using a high level of quantum mechanical calculations, we explore the formation paths of NPs initiated by NO3· radicals, where some common atmospheric species, such as H2O, (H2O)2, NH3, and dimethylamine (DMA), can act as molecular catalysts. The kinetic study predicts that the formation rate of methyl nitrophenols with the assistance of DMA and (H2O)2 can reach ∼103 molecules·cm-3·s-1 in a polluted and humid atmosphere. The volatilities obtained from the empirical model show the formed NPs mainly belong to the intermediate and semivolatile organic compounds, which can participate in the growth process of aerosols rather than the early stage of cluster nucleation. Moreover, some NPs can be salified with atmospheric bases to further increase their contributions to the particulate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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6
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Li XB, Fan G, Lou S, Yuan B, Wang X, Shao M. Transport and boundary layer interaction contribution to extremely high surface ozone levels in eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115804. [PMID: 33065362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vertical measurements of ozone (O3) within the 3000-m lower troposphere were obtained using an O3 lidar to investigate the contribution of the interactions between the transport and boundary layer processes to the surface O3 levels in urban Shanghai, China during July 23-28, 2017. An extremely severe pollution episode with a maximum hourly O3 mixing ratio of 160.4 ppb was observed. In addition to enhanced local photochemical production, both downward and advection transport in the lower troposphere may have played important roles in forming the pollution episode. The O3-rich air masses in the lower free troposphere primarily originated from central China and the northern Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The downward transport of O3 from the lower free troposphere may have an average contribution of up to 49.1% to the daytime (09:00-16:00 local time) surface O3 in urban Shanghai during the pollution episode (July 23-26, 2017). As for the advection transport, large amounts of O3 were transported outward from Shanghai in the planetary boundary layer under the influence of southeasterly winds during the field study. In this condition, the boundary-layer O3 that was transported downward from the free troposphere in Shanghai could be transported back to the northern YRD region and accumulated therein, leading to the occurrence of severe O3 pollution events over the whole YRD region. Our results indicate that effective regional emission control measures are urgently required to mitigate O3 pollution in the YRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangqiang Fan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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7
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Li Z, Xie P, Hu R, Wang D, Jin H, Chen H, Lin C, Liu W. Observations of N 2O 5 and NO 3 at a suburban environment in Yangtze river delta in China: Estimating heterogeneous N 2O 5 uptake coefficients. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 95:248-255. [PMID: 32653187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate radical (NO3) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) play an important role in the nocturnal atmosphere chemistry. Observations of NO3 radicals and N2O5 were performed in a semirural ground site at Tai'Zhou in polluted southern China using cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) from 23 May to 15 June 2018. The observed NO3 and N2O5 concentrations were relatively low, with 1 min average value of 4.4 ± 2.2 and 26.0 ± 35.7 pptV, respectively. The N2O5 uptake coefficient was determined to be from 0.027 to 0.107 based on steady state lifetime method. Fast N2O5 hydrolysis was the largest contributor to the loss of NO3 and contributed to substantial nitrate formation, with an average value of 14.83 ± 6.01 µg/m3. Further analysis shows that the N2O5 heterogeneous reactions dominated the nocturnal NOx loss and the nocturnal NOx loss rate is 0.14 ± 0.02 over this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Li
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an Shan 243032, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an Shan 243032, China
| | - Huawei Jin
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chuan Lin
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
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8
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Yan C, Tham YJ, Zha Q, Wang X, Xue L, Dai J, Wang Z, Wang T. Fast heterogeneous loss of N 2O 5 leads to significant nighttime NO x removal and nitrate aerosol formation at a coastal background environment of southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:637-647. [PMID: 31071666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate radical (NO3) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) play crucial roles in the nocturnal atmosphere. To quantify their impacts, we deployed a thermal-dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TD-CIMS), to measure their concentration, as well as ClNO2 at a coastal background site in the southern of China during the late autumn of 2012. Moderate levels of NO3, N2O5 and high concentration of ClNO2 were observed during the study period, indicating active NOx-O3 chemistry in the region. Distinct features of NO3, N2O5 and ClNO2 mixing ratios were observed in different airmasses. Further analysis revealed that the N2O5 heterogeneous reaction was the dominant loss of N2O5 and NO3, which showed higher loss rate compared to that in other coastal sites. Especially, the N2O5 loss rates could reach up to 0.0139 s-1 when airmasses went across the sea. The fast heterogeneous loss of N2O5 led to rapid NOx loss which could be comparable to the daytime process through NO2 oxidization by OH, and on the other hand, to rapid nitrate aerosol formation. In summary, our results revealed that the N2O5 hydrolysis could play significant roles in regulating the air quality by reducing NOx but forming nitrate aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Li Z, Hu R, Xie P, Wang H, Lu K, Wang D. Intercomparison of in situ CRDS and CEAS for measurements of atmospheric N 2O 5 in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:131-139. [PMID: 28910715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) is one of the basic trace gases which plays a key role in nighttime atmosphere. An intercomparison and validation of different N2O5 measurement methods is important for determining the true accuracy of these methods. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) and cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer (CEAS) were used to measure N2O5 at the campus of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) from February 21, 2016 to March 4, 2016. The detection limits were 1.6ppt (1σ) at 30s intervals for the CEAS instrument and 3.9ppt (1σ) at 10s time resolution for the CRDS instrument respectively. In this study, a comparison of the 1min observations from the two instruments was presented. The two data sets showed a good agreement within their uncertainties, with an absolute shift of 15.6ppt, slope of 0.94 and a correlation coefficient R2=0.97. In general, the difference between the CRDS and CEAS instruments for N2O5 measurement can be explained by their combined measurement uncertainties. However, high relative humidity (>60%) and high PM2.5 concentration (>200μg/m3) may contribute to the discrepancies. The excellent agreement between the measurement by the CRDS and CEAS instruments demonstrates the capability of the two instruments for accurately measuring N2O5 with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Li
- Key Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
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Zhou L, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS, Idir M, Zarzana KJ, Daële V, Mellouki A. Kinetics of the Reactions of NO3 Radical with Methacrylate Esters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4464-4474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Departments
of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80253, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Mahmoud Idir
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Kyle J. Zarzana
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Véronique Daële
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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11
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Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, Zaveri RA. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:2103-2162. [PMID: 30147712 PMCID: PMC6104845 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John N. Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert McLaren
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), CNRS, Universities of Paris-Est Créteil and ì Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Platt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Keyte IJ, Harrison RM, Lammel G. Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9333-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Karamchandani P, Yarwood G, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Holloway JS, Washenfelder RA, Brock CA, Frost GJ, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Effects of NOxcontrol and plume mixing on nighttime chemical processing of plumes from coal-fired power plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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