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On-Orbit Characterization of TanSat Instrument Line Shape Using Observed Solar Spectra. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese carbon dioxide measurement satellite (TanSat) has collected a large number of measurements in the solar calibration mode. To improve the accuracy of XCO2 retrieval, the Instrument Line Shape (ILS, also known as the slit function) must be accurately determined. In this study, we characterized the on-orbit ILS of TanSat by fitting measured solar irradiance from 2017 to 2018 with a well-calibrated high-spectral-resolution solar reference spectrum. We used various advanced analytical functions and the stretch/sharpen of the tabulated preflight ILS to represent the ILS for each wavelength window, footprint, and band. Using super Gaussian+P7 and the stretch/sharpen functions substantially reduced the fitting residual in O2 A-band and weak CO2 band compared with using the preflight ILS. We found that the difference between the derived ILS width and on-ground preflight ILS was up to −3.5% in the weak CO2 band, depending on footprint and wavelength. The large amplitude of the ILS wings, depending on the wavelength, footprint, and bands, indicated possible uncorrected stray light. Broadening ILS wings will cause additive offset (filling-in) on the deep absorption lines of the spectra, which we confirmed using offline bias correction of the solar-induced fluorescence retrieval. We estimated errors due to the imperfect ILS using simulated TanSat spectra. The results of the simulations showed that XCO2 retrieval is sensitive to errors in the ILS, and 4% uncertainty in the full width of half maximum (FWHM) or 20% uncertainty in the ILS wings can induce an error of up to 1 ppm in the XCO2 retrieval.
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Xia C, Liu C, Cai Z, Duan X, Hu Q, Zhao F, Liu H, Ji X, Zhang C, Liu Y. Improved Anthropogenic SO 2 Retrieval from High-Spatial-Resolution Satellite and its Application during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11538-11548. [PMID: 34488351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) measured by satellites is widely used to estimate anthropogenic emissions. The Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) operational SO2 product is overestimated compared to the ground-based multiaxis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements in China and shows an opposite variation to the surface measurements, which limits the application of TROPOspheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI) products in emissions research. Radiometric calibration, a priori profiles, and fitting windows might cause the overestimation of S-5P operational SO2 product. Here, we improve the optimal-estimation-based algorithm through several calibration methods. The improved retrieval agrees reasonably well with the ground-based measurements (R > 0.70, bias <13.7%) and has smaller biases (-28.9%) with surface measurements over China and India. It revealed that the SO2 column in March 2020 decreased by 51.6% compared to March 2019 due to the lockdown for curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a decrease of 50% during the lockdown than those after the lockdown, similar to the surface measurement trend, while S-5P operational SO2 product showed an unrealistic increase of 19%. In India, the improved retrieval identified obvious "hot spots" and observed a 30% decrease of SO2 columns during the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaonan Duan
- Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiangguang Ji
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Xia C, Liu C, Cai Z, Zhao F, Su W, Zhang C, Liu Y. First sulfur dioxide observations from the environmental trace gases monitoring instrument (EMI) onboard the GeoFen-5 satellite. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:969-973. [PMID: 36654253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenjing Su
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhao F, Liu C, Cai Z, Liu X, Bak J, Kim J, Hu Q, Xia C, Zhang C, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu J. Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142886. [PMID: 33757247 PMCID: PMC7550903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17°E, 31.7°N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO3) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46°E, 39.80°N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juseon Bak
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jae Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Zhao F, Liu C, Cai Z, Liu X, Bak J, Kim J, Hu Q, Xia C, Zhang C, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu J. Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 720:137628. [PMID: 33757247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17°E, 31.7°N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO3) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46°E, 39.80°N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juseon Bak
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jae Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Spectral Calibration Algorithm for the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS). REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12172846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) onboard the Geostationary Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite 2B was successfully launched in February 2020. GEMS is a hyperspectral spectrometer measuring solar irradiance and Earth radiance in the wavelength range of 300 to 500 nm. This paper introduces the spectral calibration algorithm for GEMS, which uses a nonlinear least-squares approach. Sensitivity tests for a series of unknown algorithm parameters such as spectral range for fitting, spectral response function (SRF), and reference spectrum were conducted using the synthetic GEMS spectrum prepared with the ground-measured GEMS SRF. The test results show that the required accuracy of 0.002 nm is achievable provided the SRF and the high-resolution reference spectrum are properly prepared. Such a satisfactory performance is possible mainly due to the inclusion of additional fitting parameters of spectral scales (shift, squeeze, and high order shifts) and SRF (width, shape and asymmetry). For the application to the actual GEMS data, in-orbit SRF is to be monitored using an analytic SRF function and the measured GEMS solar irradiance, while a reference spectrum is going to be selected during the instrument in-orbit test. The calibrated GEMS data is expected to be released by the end of 2020.
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Zoogman P, Liu X, Suleiman RM, Pennington WF, Flittner DE, Al-Saadi JA, Hilton BB, Nicks DK, Newchurch MJ, Carr JL, Janz SJ, Andraschko MR, Arola A, Baker BD, Canova BP, Chan Miller C, Cohen RC, Davis JE, Dussault ME, Edwards DP, Fishman J, Ghulam A, González Abad G, Grutter M, Herman JR, Houck J, Jacob DJ, Joiner J, Kerridge BJ, Kim J, Krotkov NA, Lamsal L, Li C, Lindfors A, Martin RV, McElroy CT, McLinden C, Natraj V, Neil DO, Nowlan CR, O'Sullivan EJ, Palmer PI, Pierce RB, Pippin MR, Saiz-Lopez A, Spurr RJD, Szykman JJ, Torres O, Veefkind JP, Veihelmann B, Wang H, Wang J, Chance K. Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO). JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER 2017; 186:17-39. [PMID: 32817995 PMCID: PMC7430511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO was selected in 2012 by NASA as the first Earth Venture Instrument, for launch between 2018 and 2021. It will measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. TEMPO observes from Mexico City, Cuba, and the Bahamas to the Canadian oil sands, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, hourly and at high spatial resolution (~2.1 km N/S×4.4 km E/W at 36.5°N, 100°W). TEMPO provides a tropospheric measurement suite that includes the key elements of tropospheric air pollution chemistry, as well as contributing to carbon cycle knowledge. Measurements are made hourly from geostationary (GEO) orbit, to capture the high variability present in the diurnal cycle of emissions and chemistry that are unobservable from current low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that measure once per day. The small product spatial footprint resolves pollution sources at sub-urban scale. Together, this temporal and spatial resolution improves emission inventories, monitors population exposure, and enables effective emission-control strategies. TEMPO takes advantage of a commercial GEO host spacecraft to provide a modest cost mission that measures the spectra required to retrieve ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (H2CO), glyoxal (C2H2O2), bromine monoxide (BrO), IO (iodine monoxide),water vapor, aerosols, cloud parameters, ultraviolet radiation, and foliage properties. TEMPO thus measures the major elements, directly or by proxy, in the tropospheric O3 chemistry cycle. Multi-spectral observations provide sensitivity to O3 in the lowermost troposphere, substantially reducing uncertainty in air quality predictions. TEMPO quantifies and tracks the evolution of aerosol loading. It provides these near-real-time air quality products that will be made publicly available. TEMPO will launch at a prime time to be the North American component of the global geostationary constellation of pollution monitoring together with the European Sentinel-4 (S4) and Korean Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zoogman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | - X Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | - A Arola
- Finnish Meteorological Institute
| | | | | | | | - R C Cohen
- University of California at Berkeley
| | - J E Davis
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Grutter
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - J R Herman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | - J Houck
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | - J Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | | | | | - L Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- GESTAR, University Space Research Association
| | - C Li
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | | | - R V Martin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Dalhousie University
| | | | | | | | | | - C R Nowlan
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | - R B Pierce
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| | | | - A Saiz-Lopez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Spain
| | | | | | - O Torres
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | | | - H Wang
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | - K Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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