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Meidenbauer KL, Schertz KE, Li P, Sharma A, Freeman TR, Janey EA, Stier AJ, Samtani AL, Gehrke K, Berman MG. Variable and dynamic associations between hot weather, thermal comfort, and individuals' emotional states during summertime. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:504. [PMID: 39334511 PMCID: PMC11438364 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of heat exposure on negative affect are thought to be central to the observed relationships between hot summer days and deleterious outcomes, such as violent crime or mental health crises. As these relationships are likely to be magnified by the effects of climate change, a better understanding of how consistent or variable the effects of hot weather on affective states is required. The current work combines data gathered from an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study on individuals' thermal perceptions, comfort, and affective states in outdoor environments during their daily lives with high spatiotemporal resolution climate-modeled weather variables. Using these data, associations between objective weather variables (temperature, humidity, etc.), perceived heat (thermal perception and comfort), and affective states are examined. Overall, objective weather data reasonably predicted perception and comfort, but only comfort predicted negative affective states. The variance explained across individuals was generally very low in predicting negative affect or comfort, but within-person variance explained was high. In other words, while there may be a relatively consistent relationship between temperature and psychological experience for any given person, there are significant individual differences across people. Age and gender were examined as moderators of these relationships, and while gender had no impact, participant age showed several significant interactions. Specifically, while older adults tended to experience more thermal discomfort and perceived higher temperatures as hotter, the relationship between discomfort and negative affect was lower in older adults. Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of thermal discomfort specifically in predicting negative affect, as well as the high inter-individual variability in thermal perceptions and comfort for the same ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Meidenbauer
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, P.O. Box 664820, Pullman, WA, 99164-4820, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Schertz
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Discovery Partners Institute, University of Illinois System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Discovery Partners Institute, University of Illinois System, Chicago, IL, USA
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Tiara R Freeman
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, P.O. Box 664820, Pullman, WA, 99164-4820, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Stier
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Anya L Samtani
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Gehrke
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc G Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Yao Q, Jiang D, Zheng B, Wang X, Zhu X, Fang K, Shi L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhong L, Pei Y, Hudson A, Xu S, Bai M, Huang X, Trouet V. Anthropogenic warming is a key climate indicator of rising urban fire activity in China. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae163. [PMID: 38855727 PMCID: PMC11162151 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
China, one of the most populous countries in the world, has suffered the highest number of natural disaster-related deaths from fire. On local scales, the main causes of urban fires are anthropogenic in nature. Yet, on regional to national scales, little is known about the indicators of large-scale co-varying urban fire activity in China. Here, we present the China Fire History Atlas (CFHA), which is based on 19 947 documentary records and represents fires in urban areas of China over the twentieth century (1901-1994). We found that temperature variability is a key indicator of urban fire activity in China, with warmer temperatures being correlated with more urban fires, and that this fire-temperature relationship is seasonally and regionally explicit. In the early twentieth century, however, the fire-temperature relationship was overruled by war-related fires in large urban areas. We further used the fire-temperature relationship and multiple emissions scenarios to project fire activity across China into the twenty-first century. Our projections show a distinct increase in future urban fire activity and fire-related economic loss. Our findings provide insights into fire-climate relationships in China for densely-populated areas and on policy-relevant time scales and they contribute spatial coverage to efforts to improve global fire models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Yao
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | - Dabang Jiang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ben Zheng
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Keyan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (MOE), College of Geographic Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Lamei Shi
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Linhao Zhong
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Yanyan Pei
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Amy Hudson
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Maowei Bai
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Valerie Trouet
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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Ng HKS, Cheung SH. Too hot to help or too cold to care? On the links between ambient temperature, volunteerism, and civic engagement. Br J Psychol 2023; 114:945-968. [PMID: 37309918 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between ambient temperature and prosocial behaviour in real-life settings. It was guided by two mechanisms of opposite predictions, namely (1) higher temperatures decrease prosociality by harming well-being, and (2) higher temperatures increase prosociality by promoting the embodied cognition of social warmth. In Study 1, U.S. state-level time-series data (2002-2015) supported the first mechanism, with higher temperatures predicting lower volunteer rates through lower well-being. Study 2 furthered the investigation by probing the relationship between neighbourhood temperature and civic engagement of 2268 U.S. citizens. The data partially supported the well-being mechanism and reported findings contradictory to the social embodiment mechanism. Higher temperatures predicted lower interpersonal trust and subsequently lower civic engagement. The unexpected finding hinted at a cognitive effect of heat and a compensatory mechanism in social thermoregulation. We discussed the findings regarding their methodological strengths and weaknesses, with cautions made on ecological fallacies and alternative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Kin Shing Ng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sing-Hang Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Girma B, Liu B, Schinasi LH, Clougherty JE, Sheffield PE. High ambient temperatures associations with children and young adult injury emergency department visits in NYC. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, HEALTH : ERH 2023; 1:035004. [PMID: 37448837 PMCID: PMC10336474 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ace27b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Injury is a significant health burden for children and young adult and may be an increasing concern in a warming climate. Research reveals many impacts to children's health associated with hot weather and heatwave events, including a growing literature on the association between high ambient temperature and injury, which may vary by intent such as injury resulting from violence. However, little is known about how this association varies across different types of injury and subgroups of young people. We examined relationships between warm season ambient temperature and intentional and unintentional injury among children and young adults in New York City (NYC). Within a case-crossover design, our study observed injury-related emergency department (ED) visits from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System administrative dataset. Injuries were categorized as unintentional or intentional injuries during the warm season (May through September) in NYC from 2005 to 2011 among patients (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-25 years old (y.o.)). Conditional logistic regression models with distributed lag non-linear functions were used to model the cumulative odds ratio (OR) injury-related ED visit over 0-5 lag days. Analyses were stratified by age group and sex to understand how associations vary across young people of different age and sex. There were a total of 572 535 injury-related ED visits. The largest effect of elevated temperature (daily minimum 77°F vs 48°F) was for unintentional injury among 5-9 y.o. (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.23, 1.42) and for intentional injury among 20-25 y.o. (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28, 1.85). Further stratified analyses revealed that the highest risk of unintentional injury was among 5-9 y.o. males and 20-25 y.o. males for intentional injury. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures are associated with higher odds of unintentional and intentional injuries among children. This work adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating the adverse impacts of heat on children, and suggests the need for messaging to parents and children about adopting adaptive strategies to prevent injuries when it is hot outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blean Girma
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Leah H Schinasi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Perry E Sheffield
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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5
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Filippelli GM. Our Hot Future Has Arrived-Are We Prepared? GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000936. [PMID: 37736250 PMCID: PMC10511238 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has significantly enhanced dangerous heat events. Many of our institutions are ill-prepared to provide science-informed and rapid interventions to confront this. The GeoHealth community is working to bring science, public health, and medical professionals closer together to grapple with the challenges posed by extreme heat.
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Hou K, Zhang L, Xu X, Yang F, Chen B, Hu W, Shu R. High ambient temperatures are associated with urban crime risk in Chicago. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158846. [PMID: 36122719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urban crime (UC) seriously affects the security and stability of the communities and society. However, the effects of external temperatures on the risk of UC are still confusing. We quantitatively estimated the effects of high and low temperatures on UC in Chicago. After controlling for the confounding factors, we found that high temperature has a positive promoting effect on UC, for non-domestic crime, the effect occurs at lag day 0 with a maximum risk of 1.40 (95%CI, 1.34-1.46) compared to a risk of 1 at temperature of -12.3 °C, and decreased as the lag day increased. The effect of low temperature is not significant for UC. Heat waves above the 99th percentile with a duration of 4.5-5.5 days exert a significant positive impact on non-domestic crime of UC. Our findings confirm the adverse promotion effect of high temperature on UC risk, and effective individual behavior guidance and administrative intervention are of great significance for reducing the risk of UC under specific high temperature environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baozhang Chen
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Shu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Khurana B, Prakash J, Loder RT. Assault related injury visits in US emergency departments: An analysis by weekday, month and weekday-by-month. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1068-1077. [PMID: 35535524 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2065285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the temporal variation (month and day) in assault-related injuries presenting to the US Emergency Departments (ED). An IRB exempt, retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database from 2005 to 2017 for six categories of assault-related injuries-altercation, sexual assault, robbery, intimate partner violence (IPV), other specified assaults and unknown assault types. National estimates of injuries and associated variables were obtained using SUDAAN software, followed by cosinor analyses for the variation of month and weekday of injury. Three-dimensional topographic representations for weekday-by-month analyses were also created. Over this 13-year time span, there were more than 21 million injury visits due to assault, accounting for 6.57% of all ED visits. While there was no change in the incidence of total number of assaults over the study period, there was a significant increase in the annual percentage incidence of IPV (1.17%; p = .0094) and robbery (2.56%; p = .0001). Cosinor analyses demonstrated a mid-summer peak for all assault types except for robberies (late summer). All assault types showed a weekend peak (late Saturday or early Sunday). Topographical contours exhibited a peak in July and August on early Sunday for all assaults, however the month varied by the type of assault, with weekend peaks in the spring and winter for IPV. This information can be used in prospective resource planning for management and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Khurana
- Department of Radiology and Medicine, Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash
- Harvard Medical School, Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Loder
- Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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8
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Elser H, Parks RM, Moghavem N, Kiang MV, Bozinov N, Henderson VW, Rehkopf DH, Casey JA. Anomalously warm weather and acute care visits in patients with multiple sclerosis: A retrospective study of privately insured individuals in the US. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003580. [PMID: 33901187 PMCID: PMC8109782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global climate changes in response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, weather and temperature are expected to become increasingly variable. Although heat sensitivity is a recognized clinical feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, few studies have examined the implications of climate change for patients with this disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals with MS ages 18-64 years in a nationwide United States patient-level commercial and Medicare Advantage claims database from 2003 to 2017. We defined anomalously warm weather as any month in which local average temperatures exceeded the long-term average by ≥1.5°C. We estimated the association between anomalously warm weather and MS-related inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits using generalized log-linear models. From 75,395,334 individuals, we identified 106,225 with MS. The majority were women (76.6%) aged 36-55 years (59.0%). Anomalously warm weather was associated with increased risk for emergency department visits (risk ratio [RR] = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.025-1.063) and inpatient visits (RR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.010-1.054). There was limited evidence of an association between anomalously warm weather and MS-related outpatient visits (RR = 1.010, 95% CI: 1.005-1.015). Estimates were similar for men and women, strongest among older individuals, and exhibited substantial variation by season, region, and climate zone. Limitations of the present study include the absence of key individual-level measures of socioeconomic position (i.e., race/ethnicity, occupational status, and housing quality) that may determine where individuals live-and therefore the extent of their exposure to anomalously warm weather-as well as their propensity to seek treatment for neurologic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that as global temperatures rise, individuals with MS may represent a particularly susceptible subpopulation, a finding with implications for both healthcare providers and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Elser
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robbie M. Parks
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nuriel Moghavem
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mathew V. Kiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nina Bozinov
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - David H. Rehkopf
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joan A. Casey
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Berman JD, Bayham J, Burkhardt J. Hot under the collar: A 14-year association between temperature and violent behavior across 436 U.S. counties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110181. [PMID: 32971077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Violent behavior is influenced by individual and societal characteristics, but the role of environmental factors is less understood. Our aims were to use national-level data to identify the association between criminal behavior and short-term temperature conditions, including the departure of daily temperatures from normal conditions. METHODS We conducted a multi-stage hierarchical time-series model across 436 U.S. counties and 14-years representing 100.4 million people to investigate the association between daily mean temperature and daily mean temperatures departing from normal conditions with violent and non-violent crime counts. First-stage comparisons were made within counties to control for population and geographic heterogeneities, while a second stage combined estimates. We evaluated differences in risk based on county sociodemographic characteristics and estimated non-linear exposure-response relationships. RESULTS We observed a total of 9.0 million violent crimes and 20.9 million non-violent property crimes between 2000 through 2013. We estimated that each 10 °C increase in daily temperature or daily departure from long-term normal temperatures were associated with 11.92% (95% PI: 11.57, 12.27) and 10.37% (95% PI: 10.05, 10.69) increase in the risk of violent crime, respectively. Similar, but lower in magnitude trends, were observed for property crime risks. We found that crime risk plateaus and decreases at high daily temperatures, but for temperatures departing from normal, the association with crime increased linearly. Seasonal variations showed that anomalously warm temperatures days during cool months had the greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed an association between higher temperatures and high departure from normal temperatures with both violent and non-violent crime risk, regardless of community-type. However, our findings on seasonal and daily trends suggest that daily mean temperature may impact crime by affecting routine activities and behavior, as opposed to a temperature-aggression relationship. These results may advance public response and planning to prevent violent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Berman
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - J Bayham
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Burkhardt
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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10
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Abstract
Although researchers have found support for a relationship between temperature and violence and evidence of temporal patterns in violent crime, research on homicide shows less consistent results and no research on mass murder has been conducted. We address this by examining predictive factors in multi-victim shootings (those with four or more victims, including injured), a more general crime category than mass murder, but one with likely similar predictive factors. We used data from the Gun Violence Archive to understand the relationship between multi-victim shootings and temperature as well as other extrinsic factors. To avoid the confound between season and temperature, we employed temperature anomaly (the difference between actual and expected temperature) as a predictor of daily shooting rate. Using a generalized linear model for the daily count of multi-victim shootings in the U.S., we found that these events are significantly more frequent on weekends, some major holidays, hotter seasons, and when the temperature is higher than usual. Like other crimes, rates of multi-victim shooting vary systematically.
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