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Anand A, Touré NE, Bahino J, Gnamien S, Hughes AF, Arku RE, Tawiah VO, Asfaw A, Mamo T, Hasheminassab S, Bililign S, Moschos V, Westervelt DM, Presto AA. Low-Cost Hourly Ambient Black Carbon Measurements at Multiple Cities in Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38952258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a notable lack of continuous monitoring of air pollutants in the Global South, especially for measuring chemical composition, due to the high cost of regulatory monitors. Using our previously developed low-cost method to quantify black carbon (BC) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by analyzing reflected red light from ambient particle deposits on glass fiber filters, we estimated hourly ambient BC concentrations with filter tapes from beta attenuation monitors (BAMs). BC measurements obtained through this method were validated against a reference aethalometer between August 2 and 23, 2023 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, demonstrating a very strong agreement (R2 = 0.95 and slope = 0.97). We present hourly BC for three cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and one in North America: Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), Accra (Ghana), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), and Pittsburgh (USA). The average BC concentrations for the measurement period at the Abidjan, Accra, Addis Ababa Central summer, Addis Ababa Central winter, Addis Ababa Jacros winter, and Pittsburgh sites were 3.85 μg/m3, 5.33 μg/m3, 5.63 μg/m3, 3.89 μg/m3, 9.14 μg/m3, and 0.52 μg/m3, respectively. BC made up 14-20% of PM2.5 mass in the SSA cities compared to only 5.6% in Pittsburgh. The hourly BC data at all sites (SSA and North America) show a pronounced diurnal pattern with prominent peaks during the morning and evening rush hours on workdays. A comparison between our measurements and the Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) estimates shows that the model performs well in predicting PM2.5 for most sites but struggles to predict BC at an hourly resolution. Adding more ground measurements could help evaluate and improve the performance of chemical transport models. Our method can potentially use existing BAM networks, such as BAMs at U.S. Embassies around the globe, to measure hourly BC concentrations. The PM2.5 composition data, thus acquired, can be crucial in identifying emission sources and help in effective policymaking in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Anand
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Julien Bahino
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 00225, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Sylvain Gnamien
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 00225, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Raphael E Arku
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Victoria Owusu Tawiah
- Department of Meteorology & Climate Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Araya Asfaw
- Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Mamo
- Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Sina Hasheminassab
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology institution, Pasadena, California 91011, United States
| | - Solomon Bililign
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Vaios Moschos
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Daniel M Westervelt
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10964, United States
| | - Albert A Presto
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Almulhim AI, Kafy AA, Ferdous MN, Fattah MA, Morshed SR. Harnessing urban analytics and machine learning for sustainable urban development: A multidimensional framework for modeling environmental impacts of urbanization in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120705. [PMID: 38569264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable urban development is crucial for managing natural resources and mitigating environmental impacts induced by rapid urbanization. This study demonstrates an integrated framework using machine learning-based urban analytics techniques to evaluate spatiotemporal urban expansion in Saudi Arabia (1987-2022) and quantify impacts on leading land, water, and air-related environmental parameters (EPs). Remote sensing and statistical techniques were applied to estimate vegetation health, built-up area, impervious surface, water bodies, soil characteristics, thermal comfort, air pollutants (PM2.5, CH4, CO, NO2, SO2), and nighttime light EPs. Regression assessment and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to assess the relationships between urban expansion and EPs. The findings highlight the substantial growth of urban areas (0.067%-0.14%), a decline in soil moisture (16%-14%), water bodies (60%-22%), a nationwide increase of PM2.5 (44 μg/m3 to 73 μg/m3) and night light intensity (0.166-9.670) concentrations resulting in significant impacts on land, water, and air quality parameters. PCA showed vegetation cover, soil moisture, thermal comfort, PM2.5, and NO2 are highly impacted by urban expansion compared to other EPs. The results highlight the need for effective and sustainable interventions to mitigate environmental impacts using green innovations and urban development by applying mixed-use development, green space preservation, green building technologies, and implementing renewable energy approaches. The framework recommended for environmental management in this study provides a robust foundation for evidence-based policies and adaptive management practices that balance economic progress and environmental sustainability. It will also help policymakers and urban planners in making informed decisions and promoting resilient urban growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz I Almulhim
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulla Al Kafy
- Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Md Nahid Ferdous
- Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdul Fattah
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Syed Riad Morshed
- Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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3
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Bellman S, Fausett E, Aeschleman L, Long A, Roeske I, Pilchik J, Piantadosi A, Vazquez-Prokopec G. Mapping the distribution of Amblyomma americanum in Georgia, USA. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:62. [PMID: 38342907 PMCID: PMC10860309 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick, is an aggressive questing species that harbors several pathogens dangerous to humans in the United States. The Southeast in particular has large numbers of this tick due to the combined suitable climate and habitats throughout the region. No studies have estimated the underlying distribution of the lone star tick across the state of Georgia, a state where it is the dominant species encountered. METHODS Ticks were collected by flagging 198 transects of 750 m2 at 43 state parks and wildlife management areas across the state from March to July of 2022. A suite of climate, landscape, and wildlife variables were assembled, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the association between these environmental factors and the presence of lone star ticks and to predict the distribution of these ticks across the state. RESULTS A total of 59/198 (30%) transects sampled contained adult or nymph A. americanum, with the majority of transects containing these ticks (54/59, 91.5%) in forested habitats. The presence of A. americanum was associated with elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on January 1, isothermality, temperature seasonality, and precipitation in the wettest quarter. Vast regions of central, eastern, and southern coastal Georgia (57% of the state) were categorized as suitable habitat for the lone star tick. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the distribution of the lone star tick across the state of Georgia at a finer scale than the current county-level information available. It identifies specific variables associated with tick presence and provides a map that can be used to target areas for tick prevention messaging and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bellman
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ellie Fausett
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leah Aeschleman
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Audrey Long
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isabella Roeske
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josie Pilchik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Wei J, Li Z, Lyapustin A, Wang J, Dubovik O, Schwartz J, Sun L, Li C, Liu S, Zhu T. First close insight into global daily gapless 1 km PM 2.5 pollution, variability, and health impact. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8349. [PMID: 38102117 PMCID: PMC10724144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we retrieve global daily 1 km gapless PM2.5 concentrations via machine learning and big data, revealing its spatiotemporal variability at an exceptionally detailed level everywhere every day from 2017 to 2022, valuable for air quality monitoring, climate change, and public health studies. We find that 96%, 82%, and 53% of Earth's populated areas are exposed to unhealthy air for at least one day, one week, and one month in 2022, respectively. Strong disparities in exposure risks and duration are exhibited between developed and developing countries, urban and rural areas, and different parts of cities. Wave-like dramatic changes in air quality are clearly seen around the world before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdowns, as is the mortality burden linked to fluctuating air pollution events. Encouragingly, only approximately one-third of all countries return to pre-pandemic pollution levels. Many nature-induced air pollution episodes are also revealed, such as biomass burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Zhanqing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Alexei Lyapustin
- Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Oleg Dubovik
- Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chi Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Song Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Amos HM, Skaff NK, Uz SS, Policelli FS, Slayback D, Macorps E, Jo MJ, Patel K, Keller CA, Abue P, Buchard V, Werner AK. Public Health Data Applications Using the CDC Tracking Network: Augmenting Environmental Hazard Information With Lower-Latency NASA Data. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000971. [PMID: 38098874 PMCID: PMC10719610 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental hazards is an important determinant of health, and the frequency and severity of exposures is expected to be impacted by climate change. Through a partnership with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network is integrating timely observations and model data of priority environmental hazards into its publicly accessible Data Explorer (https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/DataExplorer/). Newly integrated data sets over the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) include: daily 5-day forecasts of air quality based on the Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast, daily historical (1980-present) concentrations of speciated PM2.5 based on the modern era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily near real-time maps of flooding (MCDWD). Data integrated into the CDC Tracking Network are broadly intended to improve community health through action by informing both research and early warning activities, including (a) describing temporal and spatial trends in disease and potential environmental exposures, (b) identifying populations most affected, (c) generating hypotheses about associations between health and environmental exposures, and (d) developing, guiding, and assessing environmental public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing or eliminating health outcomes associated with environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Amos
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - N. K. Skaff
- National Center for Environmental HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - S. Schollaert Uz
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - F. S. Policelli
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - D. Slayback
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - E. Macorps
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - M. J. Jo
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
- University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - K. Patel
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- University of TexasAustinTXUSA
| | - C. A. Keller
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
- Morgan State UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - P. Abue
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- University of TexasAustinTXUSA
| | - V. Buchard
- Earth Science DivisionGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA
- University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - A. K. Werner
- National Center for Environmental HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
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6
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Fu S, Liu P, He X, Song Y, Liu J, Zhang C, Mu Y. Significantly mitigating PM 2.5 pollution level via reduction of NO x emission during wintertime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165350. [PMID: 37419367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable decreases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Chinese megacities over the past decade, many second- and third-tier cities that distribute abundant industrial enterprises are still facing great challenges for PM2.5 further reduction under the recent policy background of eliminating heavily-polluted weather. In view of core effects of NOx on PM2.5, the deeper reductions of NOx in these cities are expected to break the plateau of PM2.5 decline, however, the link between NOx emission and PM2.5 mass loading is currently lacking. Herein, we progressively construct an evaluation system for PM2.5 productions based on daily NOx emissions in a typical industrial city (Jiyuan), considering a sequence of nested parameters involving evolutions of NO2 into nitric acid and then nitrate, and contributions of nitrate to PM2.5. The evaluation system was subsequently validated to better reproduce real increasing processes for PM2.5 pollution based on 19 pollution cases, with root mean square errors of 19.2 ± 16.4 %, suggesting the feasibility of developing NOx emission indicators linked to goals of mitigating atmospheric PM2.5. Additionally, further comparative results reveal that currently high NOx emissions in this industrial city severely hinder the achievement of atmospheric PM2.5 environmental capacity targets, especially in the scenarios of high initial PM2.5 level, low planetary boundary layer height and long pollution duration. It is anticipated that these methodologies and findings would supply guidelines for further regional PM2.5 mitigation, in which source-oriented NOx indicators could also provide some orientations for industrial cleaner production such as denitrification and low nitrogen combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaowei He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Yan X, Zuo C, Li Z, Chen HW, Jiang Y, He B, Liu H, Chen J, Shi W. Cooperative simultaneous inversion of satellite-based real-time PM 2.5 and ozone levels using an improved deep learning model with attention mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121509. [PMID: 36967005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are air pollutants that can pose severe health risks. Surface PM2.5 and O3 concentrations can be monitored from satellites, but most retrieval methods retrieve PM2.5 or O3 separately and disregard the shared information between the two air pollutants, for example due to common emission sources. Using surface observations across China spanning 2014-2021, we found a strong relationship between PM2.5 and O3 with distinct spatiotemporal characteristics. Thus, in this study, we propose a new deep learning model called the Simultaneous Ozone and PM2.5 inversion deep neural Network (SOPiNet), which allows for daily real-time monitoring and full coverage of PM2.5 and O3 simultaneously at a spatial resolution of 5 km. SOPiNet employs the multi-head attention mechanism to better capture the temporal variations in PM2.5 and O3 based on previous days' conditions. Applying SOPiNet to MODIS data over China in 2022, using 2019-2021 to construct the network, we found that simultaneous retrievals of PM2.5 and O3 improved the performance compared with retrieving them independently: the temporal R2 increased from 0.66 to 0.72 for PM2.5, and from 0.79 to 0.82 for O3. The results suggest that near-real time satellite-based air quality monitoring can be improved by simultaneous retrieval of different but related pollutants. The codes of SOPiNet and its user guide are freely available online at https://github.com/RegiusQuant/ESIDLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chen Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhanqing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Hans W Chen
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
| | - Yize Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bin He
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenzhong Shi
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Zhang D, Martin RV, Bindle L, Li C, Eastham SD, van Donkelaar A, Gallardo L. Advances in Simulating the Global Spatial Heterogeneity of Air Quality and Source Sector Contributions: Insights into the Global South. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6955-6964. [PMID: 37079489 PMCID: PMC10158787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution simulations are essential to resolve fine-scale air pollution patterns due to localized emissions, nonlinear chemical feedbacks, and complex meteorology. However, high-resolution global simulations of air quality remain rare, especially of the Global South. Here, we exploit recent developments to the GEOS-Chem model in its high-performance implementation to conduct 1-year simulations in 2015 at cubed-sphere C360 (∼25 km) and C48 (∼200 km) resolutions. We investigate the resolution dependence of population exposure and sectoral contributions to surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), focusing on understudied regions. Our results indicate pronounced spatial heterogeneity at high resolution (C360) with large global population-weighted normalized root-mean-square difference (PW-NRMSD) across resolutions for primary (62-126%) and secondary (26-35%) PM2.5 species. Developing regions are more sensitive to spatial resolution resulting from sparse pollution hotspots, with PW-NRMSD for PM2.5 in the Global South (33%), 1.3 times higher than globally. The PW-NRMSD for PM2.5 for discrete southern cities (49%) is substantially higher than for more clustered northern cities (28%). We find that the relative order of sectoral contributions to population exposure depends on simulation resolution, with implications for location-specific air pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Liam Bindle
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chi Li
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sebastian D. Eastham
- Laboratory
for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Joint
Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Laura Gallardo
- Center
for Climate and Resilience Research, Santiago 8370448, Chile
- Department
of Geophysics, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, University of Chile, Santiago 8370448, Chile
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9
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Andersen ST, Carpenter LJ, Reed C, Lee JD, Chance R, Sherwen T, Vaughan AR, Stewart J, Edwards PM, Bloss WJ, Sommariva R, Crilley LR, Nott GJ, Neves L, Read K, Heard DE, Seakins PW, Whalley LK, Boustead GA, Fleming LT, Stone D, Fomba KW. Extensive field evidence for the release of HONO from the photolysis of nitrate aerosols. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6266. [PMID: 36652523 PMCID: PMC9848427 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Particulate nitrate ([Formula: see text]) has long been considered a permanent sink for NOx (NO and NO2), removing a gaseous pollutant that is central to air quality and that influences the global self-cleansing capacity of the atmosphere. Evidence is emerging that photolysis of [Formula: see text] can recycle HONO and NOx back to the gas phase with potentially important implications for tropospheric ozone and OH budgets; however, there are substantial discrepancies in "renoxification" photolysis rate constants. Using aircraft and ground-based HONO observations in the remote Atlantic troposphere, we show evidence for renoxification occurring on mixed marine aerosols with an efficiency that increases with relative humidity and decreases with the concentration of [Formula: see text], thus largely reconciling the very large discrepancies in renoxification photolysis rate constants found across multiple laboratory and field studies. Active release of HONO from aerosol has important implications for atmospheric oxidants such as OH and O3 in both polluted and clean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone T. Andersen
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lucy J. Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - James D. Lee
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rosie Chance
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tomás Sherwen
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Adam R. Vaughan
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jordan Stewart
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Pete M. Edwards
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberto Sommariva
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Leigh R. Crilley
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Luis Neves
- Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica, São Vicente (INMG), Mindelo, Cabo Verde
| | - Katie Read
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Lisa K. Whalley
- FAAM Airborne Laboratory, Cranfield, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Stone
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Xiao Y, Wang Y, Yuan Q, He J, Zhang L. Generating a long-term (2003-2020) hourly 0.25° global PM 2.5 dataset via spatiotemporal downscaling of CAMS with deep learning (DeepCAMS). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157747. [PMID: 35921929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Generating a long-term high-spatiotemporal resolution global PM2.5 dataset is of great significance for environmental management to mitigate the air pollution concerns worldwide. However, the current long-term (2003-2020) global reanalysis dataset Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis has drawbacks in fine-scale research due to its coarse spatiotemporal resolution (0.75°, 3-h). Hence, this paper developed a deep learning-based framework (DeepCAMS) to downscale CAMS PM2.5 product on the spatiotemporal dimension for resolution enhancement. The nonlinear statistical downscaling from low-resolution (LR) to high-resolution (HR) data can be learned from the high quality (0.25°, hourly) but short-term (2018-2020) Goddard Earth Observing System composition forecast (GEOS-CF) system PM2.5 product. Compared to the conventional spatiotemporal interpolation methods, simulation validations on GEOS-CF demonstrate that DeepCAMS is capable of producing accurate temporal variations with an improvement of Root-Mean-Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.84 (4.46 to 5.30) ug/m3 and spatial details with an improvement of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.16 (0.34 to 0.50) ug/m3. The real validations on CAMS reflect convincing spatial consistency and temporal continuity at both regional and global scales. Furthermore, the proposed dataset is validated with OpenAQ air quality data from 2017 to 2019, and the in-situ validations illustrate that the DeepCAMS maintains the consistent precision (R: 0.597) as the original CAMS (R: 0.593) while tripling the spatiotemporal resolution. The proposed dataset will be available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6381600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Qiangqiang Yuan
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Jiang He
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Liangpei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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11
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Association Between Air Pollution, Climate Change, and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Recent Scientific Evidence. HEALTH SCOPE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies indicated the possible relationship between climate change, environmental pollution, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study reviewed the effects of air pollution, climate parameters, and lockdown on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19. Methods: The present review was performed to determine the effects of weather and air pollution on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19 during the lockdown. Articles were collected by searching the existing online databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, with no limitations on publication dates. Afterwards, this review focused on outdoor air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3, and weather conditions affecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19. Results: Most reviewed investigations in the present study showed that exposure to air pollutants, particularly PM2.5 and NO2, is positively related to COVID-19 patients and mortality. Moreover, these studies showed that air pollution could be essential in transmitting COVID-19. Local meteorology plays a vital role in coronavirus spread and mortality. Temperature and humidity variables are negatively correlated with virus transmission. The evidence demonstrated that air pollution could lead to COVID-19 transmission. These results support decision-makers in curbing potential new outbreaks. Conclusions: Overall, in environmental perspective-based COVID-19 studies, efforts should be accelerated regarding effective policies for reducing human emissions, bringing about air pollution and weather change. Therefore, using clean and renewable energy sources will increase public health and environmental quality by improving global air quality.
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12
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Knowland KE, Keller CA, Wales PA, Wargan K, Coy L, Johnson MS, Liu J, Lucchesi RA, Eastham SD, Fleming E, Liang Q, Leblanc T, Livesey NJ, Walker KA, Ott LE, Pawson S. NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS-CF v1.0: Stratospheric Composition. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2021MS002852. [PMID: 35864944 PMCID: PMC9287101 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) provides recent estimates and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition to the public in near-real time. To do this, the GEOS Earth system model is coupled with the GEOS-Chem tropospheric-stratospheric unified chemistry extension (UCX) to represent composition from the surface to the top of the GEOS atmosphere (0.01 hPa). The GEOS-CF system is described, including updates made to the GEOS-Chem UCX mechanism within GEOS-CF for improved representation of stratospheric chemistry. Comparisons are made against balloon, lidar, and satellite observations for stratospheric composition, including measurements of ozone (O3) and important nitrogen and chlorine species related to stratospheric O3 recovery. The GEOS-CF nudges the stratospheric O3 toward the GEOS Forward Processing (GEOS FP) assimilated O3 product; as a result the stratospheric O3 in the GEOS-CF historical estimate agrees well with observations. During abnormal dynamical and chemical environments such as the 2020 polar vortexes, the GEOS-CF O3 forecasts are more realistic than GEOS FP O3 forecasts because of the inclusion of the complex GEOS-Chem UCX stratospheric chemistry. Overall, the spatial patterns of the GEOS-CF simulated concentrations of stratospheric composition agree well with satellite observations. However, there are notable biases-such as low NO x and HNO3 in the polar regions and generally low HCl throughout the stratosphere-and future improvements to the chemistry mechanism and emissions are discussed. GEOS-CF is a new tool for the research community and instrument teams observing trace gases in the stratosphere and troposphere, providing near-real-time three-dimensional gridded information on atmospheric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - C. A. Keller
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - P. A. Wales
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - K. Wargan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - L. Coy
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - M. S. Johnson
- Earth Science DivisionNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCAUSA
| | - J. Liu
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - R. A. Lucchesi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - S. D. Eastham
- Laboratory for Aviation and the EnvironmentDepartment of Aeronautics and AstronauticsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global ChangeMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - E. Fleming
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Q. Liang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - T. Leblanc
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyWrightwoodCAUSA
| | - N. J. Livesey
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - K. A. Walker
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - L. E. Ott
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
| | - S. Pawson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
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13
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Moch JM, Mickley LJ, Keller CA, Bian H, Lundgren EW, Zhai S, Jacob DJ. Aerosol-Radiation Interactions in China in Winter: Competing Effects of Reduced Shortwave Radiation and Cloud-Snowfall-Albedo Feedbacks Under Rapidly Changing Emissions. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2021JD035442. [PMID: 35859567 PMCID: PMC9285729 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since 2013, Chinese policies have dramatically reduced emissions of particulates and their gas-phase precursors, but the implications of these reductions for aerosol-radiation interactions are unknown. Using a global, coupled chemistry-climate model, we examine how the radiative impacts of Chinese air pollution in the winter months of 2012 and 2013 affect local meteorology and how these changes may, in turn, influence surface concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm. We then investigate how decreasing emissions through 2016 and 2017 alter this impact. We find that absorbing aerosols aloft in winter 2012 and 2013 heat the middle- and lower troposphere by ∼0.5-1 K, reducing cloud liquid water, snowfall, and snow cover. The subsequent decline in surface albedo appears to counteract the ∼15-20 W m-2 decrease in shortwave radiation reaching the surface due to attenuation by aerosols overhead. The net result of this novel cloud-snowfall-albedo feedback in winters 2012-2013 is a slight increase in surface temperature of ∼0.5-1 K in some regions and little change elsewhere. The aerosol heating aloft, however, stabilizes the atmosphere and decreases the seasonal mean planetary boundary layer (PBL) height by ∼50 m. In winter 2016 and 2017, the ∼20% decrease in mean PM2.5 weakens the cloud-snowfall-albedo feedback, though it is still evident in western China, where the feedback again warms the surface by ∼0.5-1 K. Regardless of emissions, we find that aerosol-radiation interactions enhance mean surface PM2.5 pollution by 10%-20% across much of China during all four winters examined, mainly though suppression of PBL heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Moch
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Loretta J. Mickley
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Christoph A. Keller
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Huisheng Bian
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Elizabeth W. Lundgren
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Shixian Zhai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
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14
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Bi J, Knowland KE, Keller CA, Liu Y. Combining Machine Learning and Numerical Simulation for High-Resolution PM 2.5 Concentration Forecast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1544-1556. [PMID: 35019267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting ambient PM2.5 concentrations with spatiotemporal coverage is key to alerting decision makers of pollution episodes and preventing detrimental public exposure, especially in regions with limited ground air monitoring stations. The existing methods rely on either chemical transport models (CTMs) to forecast spatial distribution of PM2.5 with nontrivial uncertainty or statistical algorithms to forecast PM2.5 concentration time series at air monitoring locations without continuous spatial coverage. In this study, we developed a PM2.5 forecast framework by combining the robust Random Forest algorithm with a publicly accessible global CTM forecast product, NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System "Composition Forecasting" (GEOS-CF), providing spatiotemporally continuous PM2.5 concentration forecasts for the next 5 days at a 1 km spatial resolution. Our forecast experiment was conducted for a region in Central China including the populous and polluted Fenwei Plain. The forecast for the next 2 days had an overall validation R2 of 0.76 and 0.64, respectively; the R2 was around 0.5 for the following 3 forecast days. Spatial cross-validation showed similar validation metrics. Our forecast model, with a validation normalized mean bias close to 0, substantially reduced the large biases in GEOS-CF. The proposed framework requires minimal computational resources compared to running CTMs at urban scales, enabling near-real-time PM2.5 forecast in resource-restricted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - K Emma Knowland
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
- Universities Space Research Association/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR), Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Christoph A Keller
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
- Universities Space Research Association/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR), Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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15
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Gladson LA, Cromar KR, Ghazipura M, Knowland KE, Keller CA, Duncan B. Communicating respiratory health risk among children using a global air quality index. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107023. [PMID: 34920275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a serious threat to children's respiratory health around the world. Satellite remote-sensing technology and air quality models can provide pollution data on a global scale, necessary for risk communication efforts in regions without ground-based monitoring networks. Several large centers, including NASA, produce global pollution forecasts that may be used alongside air quality indices to communicate local, daily risk information to the public. Here we present a health-based, globally applicable air quality index developed specifically to reflect the respiratory health risks among children exposed to elevated outdoor air pollution. Additive, excess-risk air quality indices were developed using 51 different coefficients derived from time-series health studies evaluating the impacts of ambient fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone on children's respiratory morbidity outcomes. A total of four indices were created which varied based on whether or not the underlying studies controlled for co-pollutants and in the adjustment of excess risks of individual pollutants. Combined with historical estimates of air pollution provided globally at a 25 × 25 km2 spatial resolution from the NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System composition forecast (GEOS-CF) model, each of these indices were examined in a global sample of 664 small and 140 large cities for study year 2017. Adjusted indices presented the most normal distributions of locally-scaled index values, which has been shown to improve associations with health risks, while indices based on coefficients controlling for co-pollutants had little effect on index performance. We provide the steps and resources need to apply our final adjusted index at the local level using freely-available forecasting data from the GEOS-CF model, which can provide risk communication information for cities around the world to better inform individual behavior modification to best protect children's respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gladson
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Cromar
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marya Ghazipura
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Christoph A Keller
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Duncan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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16
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Duncan BN, Malings CA, Knowland KE, Anderson DC, Prados AI, Keller CA, Cromar KR, Pawson S, Ensz H. Augmenting the Standard Operating Procedures of Health and Air Quality Stakeholders With NASA Resources. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000451. [PMID: 34585034 PMCID: PMC8456713 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of air quality (AQ) data from satellites and low-cost sensor systems, along with output from AQ models, have the potential to augment high-quality, regulatory-grade data in countries with in situ monitoring networks and provide much needed AQ information in countries without them, including Low and Moderate Income Countries (LMICs). We demonstrate the potential of free and publicly available USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) resources, which include capacity building activities, satellite data, and global AQ forecasts, to provide cost-effective, and reliable AQ information to health and AQ professionals around the world. We provide illustrative case studies that highlight how global AQ forecasts along with satellite data may be used to characterize AQ on urban to regional scales, including to quantify pollution concentrations, identify pollution sources, and track the long-range transport of pollution. We also provide recommendations to data product developers to facilitate and broaden usage of NASA resources by health and AQ stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl A. Malings
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - K. Emma Knowland
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Daniel C. Anderson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Ana I. Prados
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Christoph A. Keller
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | | | | | - Holli Ensz
- Bureau of Ocean Energy ManagementSterlingVAUSA
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